Spectrum Test and Instructions For YBT250 PDF

Internal
Spectrum Test and

Instructions for YBT250
ISSUE 4.0 www.huawei.com
RNP Staff Training Dept.
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential

Foreword
 The WCDMA system is a restricted
communication system by the interference.
The network quality, capacity and coverage
are all related to the background noise.
 When design the radio network, we must
obtain the strength of the background noise in
the coverage area.
 If strong interference exists within the band,
spectrum test need to be performed, or the
operator have to apply for new frequency
spectrum.
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 2

After studying this course, you should be able to:
 Know the sources of electromagnetic
background interference.
 Master the methods for electromagnetic
background test.
 Know how to use YBT250 for spectrum test.

Contents
1 Impact of Electromagnetic Interference
on the System
2 Sources of Electromagnetic Background
Interference
3 Introduction to Interference Test Tools
4 Methods for Electromagnetic
Background Test
5 Instructions for YBT250

Contents
on the System
1.1 Bands Used in the WCDMA System
1.2 Interference Requirements for UE Reception
1.3 Interference Requirements for NodeB Reception

Bands used in the WCDMA system
UpLink Band DownLink Band
Operating
UE transmit, Node B UE receive, Node B
Band
receive transmit
I 1920 - 1980 MHz 2110 -2170 MHz
II 1850 -1910 MHz 1930 -1990 MHz
III 1710-1785 MHz 1805-1880 MHz
IV 1710-1755 MHz 2110-2155 MHz
V 824 - 849MHz 869-894MHz
VI 830-840 MHz 875-885 MHz
VII 2500 - 2570 MHz 2620 - 2690 MHz
VIII 880 - 915 MHz 925 - 960 MHz
IX 1749.9 - 1784.9 MHz 1844.9 - 1879.9 MHz
Band I, II, V and VII are most popular used in the world.
Band I is used in China.

Contents
on the System

Impact of Electromagnetic Interference on the System
 Determine the impact of interference on the system according to

experience, as shown in the following table (for UE).
Interference Level Not Interference That Seriously Effects
Affecting Receiver Acceptable Acceptable Equipment Indexes Instead of
Sensitivity (With the Interference Level Interference Level Equipment Running, Lower Than the
Interference Sensitivity Worsened (With the Sensitivity (With the Sensitivity Maximum Signal Strength (-25 dBm) Protocol
Band by 0.1 dB) Worsened by 3 dB) Worsened by 6 dB) the UE Can Receive by 10 dB Requirement
2110-2170 MHz The required
(co-frequency sensitivity is -107
interference) -117 dBm/ 3.84 MHz -101 dBm/ 3.84 MHz -96 dBm/ 3.84 MHz -35 dBm/ 3.84 MHz dBm/ 3.84 MHz.
2095-2185 MHz
(adjacent channel
interference, -66 dBm/ 3.84
deviated from the MHz (with the
carrier by ±5 sensitivity
MHz) -82 dBm/ 3.84 MHz -66 dBm/ 3.84 MHz -61 dBm/ 3.84 MHz -16 dBm/ 3.84 MHz worsened by 3 dB)
2095-2185 MHz
(in-band blocking, -56 dBm/ 3.84
MHz) -72 dBm/ 3.84 MHz -56 dBm/ 3.84 MHz -51 dBm/ 3.84 MHz -6 dBm/ 3.84 MHz worsened by 3 dB)
2095-2185 MHz
(in-band blocking, -44 dBm/ 3.84
MHz) -60 dBm/ 3.84 MHz -44 dBm/ 3.84 MHz -39 dBm/ 3.84 MHz 6 dBm/ 3.84 MHz worsened by 3 dB)
Other bands (out- -44 dBm/ 3.84

of-band blocking MHz (with the
and spurious sensitivity
response) -60 dBm/ 3.84 MHz -44 dBm/ 3.84 MHz -39 dBm/ 3.84 MHz 6 dBm/ 3.84 MHz worsened by 3 dB)
Note:
ldBm/Hz refers to the level unit of single-tone signals.
The reference port for measurement is the reception port of the UE antenna.
l

 Interference requirements for UE reception (taking the band

2110 - 2170 MHz as an example)
 Interference band: 2110 - 2170 MHz
 Interference level not affecting receiver sensitivity: -117 dBm/3.84
MHz, with the sensitivity worsened by 0.1 dB
 Acceptable interference: -101 dBm/3.84 MHz, with the sensitivity
worsened by 3 dB
 Acceptable interference: -96 dBm/3.84 MHz, with the sensitivity
worsened by 6 dB
 Interference that seriously effects equipment indexes instead of
equipment running:
-35dBm/3.84MHz, lower than the maximum signal strength (-25
dBm) the UE can receive by 10 dB
 Sensitivity: at least -107 dBm/3.84 MHz as required in the protocol

Contents
on the System

 Determine the impact of interference on the system according to

experience, as shown in the following table (for NodeB).
Interference Level Not Interference That Seriously Effects
Affecting Receiver Acceptable Acceptable Equipment Indexes Instead of
Sensitivity (With the Interference Level Interference Level Equipment Running, Lower Than the
Sensitivity Worsened (With the Sensitivity (With the Sensitivity Maximum Signal Strength (-70 dBm) Specification for
Interference Band by 0.1 dB) Worsened by 3 dB) Worsened by 6 dB) the UE Can Receive by 10 dB NodeB Indexes
1920-1980 MHz The sensitivity

(co-frequency specification is -123
interference) -121 dBm/ 3.84 MHz -105 dBm/ 3.84 MHz -100 dBm/ 3.84 MHz -80 dBm/ 3.8 4MHz dBm/3.84MHz.
1900-2000 MHz
(adjacent channel
interference, -42 dBm/ 3.84 MHz
deviated from the (with the sensitivity
carrier by ±5 MHz) -63 dBm/ 3.84 MHz -47 dBm/ 3.84 MHz -42 dBm/ 3.84 MHz -22 dBm/ 3.84 MHz worsened by 6 dB)
-30 dBm/ 3.84 MHz

1900-2000 MHz (with the sensitivity
(in-band blocking) -51 dBm/ 3.84 MHz -35 dBm/ 3.84 MHz -30 dBm/ 3.84 MHz -10 dBm/ 3.84 MHz worsened by 6 dB)
1900-2000 MHz -25 dBm/ 3.84 MHz

(out-of-band (with the sensitivity
blocking) -46 dBm/ 3.84 MHz -30 dBm/ 3.84 MHz -25 dBm/ 3.84 MHz -5 dBm/ 3.84 MHz worsened by 6 dB)
16 dBm/Hz (with the

935-960 MHz
1805-1880 MHz sensitivity worsened
(out-of-band
Other bands (out- -5 dBm/Hz 11 dBm/Hz 16 dBm/Hz 36 dBm/Hz by 6 dB) (with the
-5 dBm/Hz
of-band blocking) -26 dBm/Hz -10 dBm/Hz -5 dBm/Hz 15 dBm/Hz sensitivity worsened
Note:
ldBm/Hz refers to the level unit of single-tone signals.
lThe reference port for measurement is the reception port of the NodeB antenna.
lThe reference requirements are based on the protocol TSG25.101.
lDuring analysis, the index for adjacent channel interference and in-band blocking is 10 dB better than that specified in the protocol. This is the RF index the
NodeB can ensure.

 Interference requirements for NodeB reception (taking the band

1920 -1980 MHz as example)
 Interference band: 1920 - 1980 MHz
 Interference level not affecting receiver sensitivity: -121 dBm/3.84 MHz,
with the sensitivity worsened by 0.1 dB
 Acceptable interference: - 105 dBm/3.84 MHz, with the sensitivity
worsened by 3 dB
 Acceptable interference: - 100 dBm/3.84 MHz, with the sensitivity
worsened by 6 dB
 Interference that seriously effects equipment indexes instead of equipment
running: -80 dBm/3.84MHz
 Sensitivity: at least -123 dBm/3.84 MHz as required in the protocol

Contents
on the System
Interference
Background Test

Contents
2 Sources of Electromagnetic Background Interference
2.1 2G Band Allocation
2.2 Analysis on Interference Sources

2G Band Allocation
 In china, 2G bands are allocated as follows:
Planning of Bands 1.8 GHz and 1.9 GHz in China
Band (MHz) Occupation

1710~1720/1805~1815 GSM1800 for China Mobile
1745~1755/1840~1850 GSM1800 for China Unicom
1800~1805 SCDMA (Beijing Xinwei)
1850~1865/1920~1945 Reserved
1865~1880/1954~1960 PCS1900 (not occupied)
1880~1900/1960~1980 FDD WIL (used by China Telecom and China
Unicom in some cities by the end of 2002)
1900~1920 TDD WLL (PHS/DECT)

Contents
2 Sources of Electromagnetic Background Interference
2.1 2G Band Allocation
2.2 Analysis on Interference Sources
− TDD WLL
− FDD WLL
− Microwave transmission
− Repeater

Analysis of Interference Sources
 TDD WLL (PHS/DECT)
 The system occupies the 1900 -1920 MHz band.
 For the PHS system, the bandwidth occupied by the channel is
smaller than or equal to 288 KHz.
 For the DECT system, the bandwidth occupied by the channel
is smaller than or equal to 1533 KHz.
 FDD WLL
 Uplink band: 1880 -1900 MHz
 Downlink band: 1960 -1980 MHz
 The bandwidth occupied by the system is 1.25 MHz.
 The EiRP of a typical NodeB is about 25 dBm.

Analysis of Interference Sources
 Microwave transmission
 Occupied bandwidth: usually over several MHz.
 Normal reception level of microwave is about -60 dBm, imposing a great
impact on the WCDMA system.
 Repeater
 Nonstandard installation results in insufficient antenna isolation, thus
self-excitation. This affects normal running of the NodeB where the
repeater is installed.
 The repeater is a wide-band non-linear amplifier. Its intermodulation
index exceeds the one specified in the protocol. The repeater easily
causes interference to nearby NodeBs when its power is too large.
 Others
 Some communication devices occupy WCDM bands. Unreasonable
installation and isolation result in high harmonic signals and thus cause
interference to the WCDMA system. In addition, radar is also a common
interference source.

Contents
on the System
Interference
Background Test

Contents
1.1 Spectrum Analyzer
1.2 Antenna
1.3 Low Noise Amplifier

Interference Test Tools
 Spectrum analyzer
 A spectrum analyzer is used to test frequency domain features of signals,
covering spectrum, adjacent channel power, fast time domain scanning,
spurious radiation and intermodulation attenuation.
 Key indexes
− Resolution bandwidth (RBW)
− Input frequency and central frequency (F0)
− Sensitivity
− Span
− Reference level (RefLvl)
− Video filter bandwidth (VBW)
− Input signal attenuation (ATT)
− Detection mode (RMS)
− Sweep time

 Main technical indexes of various spectrum analyzers
Minimum Resolution
Model Working Band Sensitivity (1 Hz)
Bandwidth
HP8591E 30 - 1.8 GHz -145 dBm 30 Hz
HP8594E 30 - 2.9 GHz -142 dBm 30 Hz
HP8595E 30 - 6.5 GHz -142 dBm 30 Hz
HP8561E 30 - 6.5 GHz -145 dBm 1 Hz
YBT250 30 - 2500 MHz -132 dBm 1 KHz

 Antenna
Omnidirectional antenna: It facilitates interference measurement
instead of interference location.
Directional antenna: It is used to search interference sources. The
more distinct the directivity is and the higher the gain is, the
stronger the searching capability is.
Common directional antennas:
− Panel antenna
− Yagi antenna
− Log periodic antenna

 Low noise amplifier (LNA)
 Used to improve the receiver sensitivity of the testing instrument.
 During a test, we can select the LNA with 30 dB gain and 5 dB noise
coefficient.
 Additional power supply needs to be considered for the LNA. Some

testing instruments (like YBT250 ) are configured a built-in LNA.
 For a cascade network, the noise coefficient of the system depends

on level-1 noise coefficient when a high gain amplifier is configured
at the front end of the system.

Contents
on the System
Interference
Background Test

Contents
4 Methods for Electromagnetic Background Test
4.1 Preparations
4.2 Setting Basic Parameters
4.3 Measurement Procedure
4.4 Data Processing

Preparations
 Master local radio band planning and the usage of radio equipment
by enterprises
For pilot networks
− No available frequency is determined and the testing frequency is allocated
temporarily. During a spectrum test, you need to scan the entire band or
select several 5 MHz bands for test according to the local frequency
resources for use at the later phase.
For commercial networks

− Frequency resources are determined. The test focuses on the bands used by
the operator and is intended to eliminate interference at the bands in use.

Preparations
 Determine the test time and place
 Uplink electromagnetic interference test

− Test place: the place where the NodeB antenna is installed.
− Conduct the test in three directions (0˚, 120˚ and 240˚).
− Use a portable antenna or the NodeB’s antenna.
 Downlink electromagnetic interference test

− Select a certain quantity of typical points within the cell coverage for test.
− Conduct the test in three directions (0˚, 120˚ and 240˚).
− Use a portable antenna.
− Perform a drive test, drive the vehicle slowly along the main streets covered by a
cell and then stop the vehicle for further test when detecting the interference.

Preparations
 Prepare tools and make sure that they are available:
 Spectrum analyzer
 GPS receiver
 Compass
 Testing antenna
 Vehicle

Preparations
 Prepare tools and make them available:
Device Connector Model
 Connect an LNA to the spectrum
analyzer with low receiver sensitivity. Yagi antenna N (female)
 During system connection, check Bandpass filter N (female)

whether connectors are matched and YBT250 spectrum
N (female)
ensure continuous power supply for analyzer
the instruments. LNA SMA (male)
Feeder N (male)
Yaqi antenna
Feeder N (male)/SMA (male)
Filter 50 ohm matched
N (male)
load
LNA
Cable
YBT250
spectrum
analyzer

Contents
4.1 Preparations
4.4 Data Processing

Setting Basic Parameters
 Set the following basic parameters
Parameter Parameter Value Remarks

Uplink: Fo=1950; downlink: Fo=2140 Central frequency of the
Fo
(MHz) spectrum under test
Span of the testable
SPAN For example, SPAN=100 MHz
spectrum
MaxHold Select MaxHold or Average according

Display the maximum
to occurrent or continuous interference
/Average value/the average value
respectively.
Do not select AutoLevel. Set the
reference level according to the testing
RefLvl Reference level
signal and try to display the signal in the
middle of the spectrum analyzer.
Vertical
10 dB/div (default) Vertical scale
Scale

Contents
4.1 Preparations
4.4 Data Processing

Measurement Procedure
 Determining the test azimuth
 Select the position where the NodeB antenna is installed for test. Usually,
you need to conduct the test in three directions. If the direction of the
NodeB antenna is determined, make the testing antenna be in the same
direction as the NodeB antenna.
 Searching interference
 Search interference within the uplink band and then within the downlink
band.
 Specific operations:
− Enter the YBT250 spectrum test interface and set Fo and Span.
− Fill in the record table, save data files, and check whether there is interference.
 Judge rule: whether there is interference waveform higher than the noise
floor.

 Interference confirmation
During interference search, if there is interference, conduct a interference
confirmation test. Specific steps are as follows:
− Enter the interface for measuring YBT250 NodeB test information, and set Fo to a
central frequency point near interference, Span to 3 × interference bandwidth,
and Channel Bandwidth to 4 M.
− Read the in-band interference power, fill in the record table, and save the data file.
 In-band test
For the customer pilot, test the in-band power for all the candidate channels.
For commercial offices, focus on testing the in-band power for the available
channels. Specific steps are as follows:
− Enter the interface for measuring YBT250 NodeB test information, and
set Fo to a central frequency point of the testing channel, Channel
Bandwidth to 5 M, and Span to 3 × interference bandwidth.
− Read the in-band power, fill in the record table, and save the data file.

 Downlink drive test
Downlink drive test means driving a vehicle slowly along the main streets
covered by a cell and conducting a point test after discovering large
interference.
Specific operations:
− Enter the YBT250 spectrum test interface.
− Set Fo to 2140 MHz and Span to 60 MHz. Search interference when the
vehicle moves at a speed lower than 15 km/h.
Point test items include:

− Set Fo to a central frequency point near the interference, Channel Bandwidth
to 4 MHz, and Span to 3× interference bandwidth. Record the in-band
interference power.
− Or set Fo to a central frequency point of the testing channel, Channel
Bandwidth to 5 MHz, and Span to 3× channel bandwidth. Record the in-
band power.

Contents
4.1 Preparations
4.4 Data Processing

Data Processing
After completing measurement, perform data processing.

 After completing measurement for the test area, output
WCDMA Electromagnetic Interference Test Form
 After completing measurement for the entire local network,
output
Report on WCDMA Electromagnetic Interference Test

Question
 Is the interference level obtained
from the electromagnetic
interference test equal to the
level of the interference signals
at the top of the NodeB or at the
antenna port of the MS?

Answer
 The testing system and WCDMA
system adopt different antennas
and feeders. Therefore, you
need to calculate the level of the
interference signals at the top of
the NodeB or at the antenna port
of the MS according to the test
data during analysis.

Answer
 Testing system
Antenna gain: 3 dBi
Feeder loss: 1 dB
Measured interference level: -90 dBm
 WCDMA system
Gain of the NodeB antenna: 10 dBi
Feeder loss: 2 dB
Interference level at the NodeB: 90 - (3 -1) + (10 - 2)＝-84 dBm

Question
 How to estimate the power of the
interference level within the
channel bandwidth according to
the interference level within the
RBW?

Answer
 The WCDMA system is a broadband system. Therefore, you need
to calculate the integral power of the interference level within the
channel bandwidth.
 RBW of the testing system: 10 KHz
 Interference level within the RBW: -80 dBm
 Channel bandwidth: 3.84 MHz
 Integral power within the channel:
P = -80 + 10LOG(3.84*106/10*103) = -54dBm

Contents
on the System
Interference
Background Test

Contents
System connection
Power-on
Measurement
Measurement setting
Measurement result

 Before site survey, you need to conduct a spectrum test
and find proper frequency test instruments.
 Tektronix YBT250 is recommended.
 Features of YBT250
 Portable, easy to carry
 System integration, with a built-in LNA

 System connection
The matched antenna of YBT250 is Yagi

directional antenna. Yaqi antenna
A portable small antenna can be used for

Filter
electromagnetic background test.
YBT250 can use the battery delivered LNA
together or can be externally connected to the
power supply. Cable
YBT250
spectrum
 Power-on analyzer
Press Power and enter the Windows CE

operating system.
Enter the measurement interface through the
touch screen of YBT250.

 Measurement
YBT250 supports the following three

measurement functions:
− NodeB information measurement
− Spectrum test
− Interference source search
Spectrum test supports the following two

display modes:
− Spectrum mode
− Spectrogrum mode

 Measurement
The spectrum mode is used for real-time measurement.

− Determine the band to be tested and set Fo.
− Modify the span.
− Observe the spectrum diagram, adjust the Fo and span, and view whether there is
interference.
− The Trace menu includes the following options:
▪ Normal, Max Hold, Min Hold and Max/Min Hold
− Save the current spectrum diagram.
Note: You need to set RefLvl correctly to make the measured signal level
range from RefLvl to (RefLvl-70dB). The difference of the maximum level and
minimum of level that the YBT250 can correctly display is 70 dB.

 Measurement
The spectrogrum mode is used to check
whether there is interference at a certain band
in a specified time. The horizontal axis stands
for the band and the vertical axis for the time.
Specific operations:
− Set the automatic storage option and a file name.
− Set the band (Fo and span).
− Open the saved file and view interference.
To view the exact interference, you can export
the file as:
− A picture
− Data (.txt,.csv)
− Export the data from YBT250 using the U disk or
network cable.

 Measurement setting
− Fo: the central frequency of the testing signal (unit: MHz)
− Span: It can be set to 100 MHz, 10 MHz or 5 MHz.
− RBW: It is automatically set by the instrument according to the span.
− MaxHold/Average: display the maximum value and the average value.
− RefLvl: set according to the interference level.
 Measurement result
WCDMA Electromagnetic Interference Test Form and Report on WCDMA
Electromagnetic Interference Test

A spectrum trail in the interference window Instance of displaying signal strength

Conclusion
 This course describes possible

interference sources at the WCDMA
band, methods for electromagnetic
background test, and instructions for
YBT250.

Thank you
www.huawei.com

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Spectrum Test and

RNP Staff Training Dept.

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 2

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HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 5

Band I is used in China.

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 Determine the impact of interference on the system according to

Other bands (out- -44 dBm/ 3.84

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 Interference requirements for UE reception (taking the band

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 Determine the impact of interference on the system according to

1920-1980 MHz The sensitivity

-30 dBm/ 3.84 MHz

1900-2000 MHz -25 dBm/ 3.84 MHz

16 dBm/Hz (with the

lThe reference requirements are based on the protocol TSG25.101.

NodeB can ensure.

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 Interference requirements for NodeB reception (taking the band

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Planning of Bands 1.8 GHz and 1.9 GHz in China

Band (MHz) Occupation

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1.3 Low Noise Amplifier

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HP8591E 30 - 1.8 GHz -145 dBm 30 Hz

HP8594E 30 - 2.9 GHz -142 dBm 30 Hz

HP8595E 30 - 6.5 GHz -142 dBm 30 Hz

HP8561E 30 - 6.5 GHz -145 dBm 1 Hz

YBT250 30 - 2500 MHz -132 dBm 1 KHz

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 Used to improve the receiver sensitivity of the testing instrument.

 Additional power supply needs to be considered for the LNA. Some

 For a cascade network, the noise coefficient of the system depends

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 24

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4.2 Setting Basic Parameters

4.3 Measurement Procedure

4.4 Data Processing

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 26

For commercial networks

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 Determine the test time and place

 Uplink electromagnetic interference test

− Conduct the test in three directions (0˚, 120˚ and 240˚).

− Use a portable antenna or the NodeB’s antenna.

 Downlink electromagnetic interference test

− Conduct the test in three directions (0˚, 120˚ and 240˚).

P = -80 + 10LOG(3.84106/10103) = -54dBm