ME5205 : Theory of Vibrations : Assignment 2

Forced vibration
Date of submission :15 October 2019

October 1, 2019

1. Turbines operating above the critical speed must run through dangerous speed at resonance each time
they are started or stopped. Assuming the critical speed ωn to be reached with amplitude r0 determine
the equation for the amplitude buildup with time. Assume zero damping.
2. A machine of 100 kg mass is supported on springs of total stiffness 700 kN/m and has an unbalanced
rotating element, which results in a disturbing force of 350 N at a speed of 3000 rpm. Assuming a
damping factor of ζ = 0.20, determine the following
(a) its amplitude of motion due to the unbalance
(b) the transmissibility
(c) the transmitted force.
3. Shown in Figure is a cylinder of mass m connected to a spring of stiffness k excited through viscous
friction c to a piston with motion y = Asin(ω)t. Determine the amplitude of the cylinder motion and
its phase with respect to the piston.

Figure 1:

4. A counterrotating eccentric mass exciter shown in Figure is used to determine the vibrational character-
istics of a structure of mass 181.4 kg. At a speed of 900 rpm, a stroboscope shows the eccentric masses
to be at the top.At the instant, the structure is moving upward through its static equilibrium position
and the corresponding amplitude is 21.6 mm. If the unbalance of each wheel of the exciter is 0.0921 kg,
determine
(a) The natural frequency of the structure
(b) The damping factor of the structure
(c) The amplitude at 1200 rpm
(d)The angular position of the eccentrics at the instant the structure is moving upward through its
equilibrium position.

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 Figure 2:

5. A balanced wheel supported on springs, as shown in Figure is rotating at 1200 rpm. If a bolt weighing
15 g and located 5 cm from center suddenly comes loose and flies off, determine the buildup of vibration
if the natural frequency of the system is 18 cps with damping of ζ = 0.10.

Figure 3:

6. The springs of an automobile trailer are compressed 10.16 cm under its weight. Find the critical speed
when the trailer is traveling over a road with a profile approximated by a sine wave of amplitude 7.62 cm
and wavelength of 14.63 m. What will be the amplitude of vibration at 64.4 km/h ? (Neglect damping)
7. The point of suspension of a simple pendulum is given by a harmonic motion x0 = X0 sin(ωt) along a
horizontal line, as shown in Figure. Write the differential equation of motion for a small amplitude
√ of
oscillation using the coordinates shown. Determine the solution for x/x0 , and show that when ω = 2ω
, the node is found at the midpoint of l. Show thatpin general the distance h from the mass to the node
is given by the relation h = l(ω/ωn )2 where ωn = g/l

Figure 4:

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 8. A refrigerator unit weighing 30 kg is to be supported by three springs of stiffness k N/m each. If the
unit operates at 580 rpm, what should be the value of the spring constant k if only 10% of the shaking
force of the unit is to be transmitted to the supporting structure?
9. A sensitive instrument with mass 113 kg is to be installed at a location where the acceleration is 15.24
cm/s2 at a frequency of 20 Hz. It is proposed to mount the instrument on a rubber pad with the
following properties: k = 2802 N/cm and ζ= 0.10. What acceleration is transmitted to the instrument?
10. Show that the energy dissipated per cycle for viscous friction can be expressed by
πF 2
Wd = k 0 (1−(ω/ωn2ζ(ω/ω n)
)2 )2 +(2ζ(ω/ωn ))2

11. An industrial machine of mass 453.4 kg is supported on springs with a static deflection of 0.508 cm. If
the machine has a rotating unbalance of 0.2303 kgm, determine
(a) the force transmitted to the floor at 1200 rpm
(b) the dynamic amplitude at this speed (Assume damping to be negligible.)

12. For the system shown in figure, verify that the transmissibility T R = x/y is the same as that for force.
Plot the transmissibility in decibels, 20 log |T R| versus ω/ωn between ω/ωn = 1.50 to 10 with ζ = 0.02,
0.04 , . . . , 0.10.

Figure 5:

13. An electric motor of mass 68 kg is mounted on an isolator block of mass 1200 kg and the natural
frequency of the total assembly is 160 cpm with a damping factor of ζ= 0.10. If there is an unbalance
in the motor that results in a harmonic force of F=100 sin(31.4t), determine the amplitude of vibration
of the block and the force transmitted to the floor

Figure 6:

14. For small damping, the energy dissipated per cycle divided by the peak potential energy is equal to 2δ.
For viscous damping, show that δ = πcωk
n

15. In general, the energy loss per cycle is a function of both amplitude and frequency. State under what
condition the logarithmic decrement δ is independent of the amplitude.
16. Show that for viscous damping, the loss factor η is independent of the amplitude and proportional to
the frequency.

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17. Coulomb damping between dry surfaces is a constant D always opposed to the motion. Determine the
equivalent viscous damping.
18. Using the result of question 17 above, determine the amplitude of motion of a spring-mass system with
Coulomb damping when excited by a harmonic force F0 sin(ωt). Under what condition can this motion
be maintained?

19. Specific damping capacity W/U is defined as the energy loss per cycle divided by the peak potential
energy U= 12 kX 2 . Show that this quantity is equal to WUd = 4πζ( ωωn ) where ζ = c/ccr
20. For a system with hysteresis damping, show that the structural damping factor γ is equal to the loss
factor at resonance.

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