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Abstract— This paper design on plasma monopole antenna and rapidly reconfigured, to change the radiation pattern, without
to prove that a plasma column has been characterized as an suffering perturbation from the unused element. Besides that,
antenna. The dimension of the antenna in this project is length of plasma antennas have more degrees of freedom than metal
the plasma column l= 150mm, the radius of plasma column r = antennas, making their applications have enormous
5.2mm and the ground for this antenna using an aluminum. The possibilities.
radius for circular aluminum is 40mm. The frequency target
range 550MHz until 600MHz. This frequency can be applied in
ultra high frequency (UHF).In this project, the simulation is Plasma can be generated by UV laser irradiation, or by
performed by using the simulation software Computer laser initiated pre-ionization followed by high voltage
Simulation Technology (CST) Microwave Studio which is a breakdown to form the main conducting channel [1], or by
commercially available electromagnetic simulator based on finite simply using commercial fluorescence tube to serve as
difference time domain technique. The performance of the reflector [2,3], or by much more expensive electron beam
designed antenna was analyzed in term of bandwidth, gain, generated plasma [4,5]. The pressure at which plasmas
return loss, voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR), and radiation operates can be vacuum pressure, moderate pressure or
pattern.
atmospheric pressure. Plasma can be nonthermal or “cold”
plasma in which case the electron temperature is much greater
Keywords—Plasma monopole antenna, return loss, gain,
than the ion temperature and the ion temperature is equal to
radiation pattern.
the gas temperature.
I. INTRODUCTION
Plasma antenna is a general term which represents the use In this paper, a plasma monopole antenna with different
of ionized gas as a conducting medium instead of a metal to radius and length are design and simulated using Computer
either transmit or reflect a signal to achieve radar, or stealth, Simulation Tools (CST). The performance of the designed
or communication purpose. Plasma is rapidly created and antenna was analyzed in term of bandwidth, gain, return loss,
destroyed by applying bursts of RF power to the discharge VSWR and radiation pattern. Besides that, this paper also
tubes so the antenna can be rapidly switched on and off. When shows the comparison results between plasma monopole
it is off, plasma is non-conducting and invisible to antenna and monopole antenna.
electromagnetic radiations. When it is on, plasma is an
electrical conductor and therefore, can provide the conducting II. PRINCIPLE OF PLASMA ANTENNA
medium for the radio signal to transmit and can also allow the
incident microwave pulse to simply pass through it without Plasma is a collection of ionized positive ions and free
interaction or reflection if the plasma frequency in the antenna moving electrons; usually the ionization degree is very low,
is sufficiently low. less than 1 %. Plasma can be generated by electron impact
ionization, photo-ionization, or simply heating the gas, the
The main advantage in using plasma antennas instead of first method being the most energy efficient one. Once plasma
metallic elements is that they allow an electrical rather than is formed, a sheath is set up automatically between the
mechanical control. In particular, for military applications the electrode and plasma to maintain the energy and particle
possibilities to have conducting elements only when the useful balance. Region outside the sheath is called the positive
signal needs to be transmitted make difficult the antenna column, where uniform plasma exists, whose density and
detection by hostile radars. Moreover, an antenna array can be
*Corresponding Author
48
The structure incorporates plasma, glass, aluminum as a while the plasma antenna is 1.32 (green line) at resonant
ground and a vertical probe connected to the plasma. The frequency = 573.5MHz. A perfectly matched antenna would
length of the plasma column is l = 150 mm and the radius of have a VSWR of 1:1.This indicates how much power is
plasma column r = 5.2mm. The radius of circular aluminum is reflected back or transferred into a cable.
40mm. The tube wall (glass) has a thickness, t = 0.1mm.
The electron density in the plasma column is considered
homogeneous and the collision frequency is constant. The
probe feed (coaxial feed) is a technique that used in this
project for feeding microstrip patch antennas and fed by a
SMA connector. SMA connector design is according to
specification in [9] using Teflon with dielectric constant =
2.08. The impedance of feeding coaxial transmission line is 50
V. RESULT AND DISCUSSION Figure 5. Radiation Pattern in 3D for metal antenna monopole
Fig. 3 shows the return loss S1, 1 dB against frequency
(MHz) between plasma monopole antenna and metal
monopole antenna. The red line represent for plasma
monopole antenna while green line represent for metal
monopole antenna. It seen that the return loss of plasma
monopole antenna from simulation is -17.13321dB at resonant
frequency 573.5MHz while for metal monopole antenna the
return loss is -32.290199dB at resonant frequency 600MHz.
S 1, 1 (dB)
49
S 1, 1 (dB)
Figure 10. Polar plot of radiation pattern at theta = 0 for plasma antenna.
Figure 7. Changes in length of plasma column.
Table III. Various Lengths for Plasma column. Fig. 9 shows the polar plot of radiation pattern for plasma
antenna monopole at phi =900 while Fig. 10 shows the
Length (mm) Return loss, s11 (dB) radiation pattern at theta = 00. The radiation pattern is very
150 -17.133210 close to the pattern of an ideal dipole.
152 -16.578967 VI. CONCLUSION
154 -15.614982 In this paper, a plasma monopole antenna and metal
156 -14.498664 monopole antenna has been designed, simulated, optimized and
158 -13.386091 analyzed using CST software. Based on simulation results
160 -12.343182 plasma elements can be used to work as an antenna besides
using metal.
B. Effects due to radius of the plasma column. ACKNOWLEDGMENT
Fig. 8 shows the return loss S1,1 (dB) against frequency The authors would like to thank to everyone for their helps
(MHz) with different radius of the plasma column various and supports in completing this project especially to
from 5.2mm until 6.2mm in 0.2mm increments respectively. Microwave Technology Centre (MTC), UniversitiTeknologi
From the graph, when the radius of plasma column increases Mara (UiTM) for the great support and guidance.
the resonant frequency
f shifted to upward. REFERENCES
S 1, 1 (dB)
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Figure 8. Changes in radius of plasma column.
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Figure 9. Polar Plot of radiation pattern at phi = 90 for plasma antenna.
[9] Micro Lambda, "E+ SMA connectors & Hermetic Seals," SMA
connectors datasheet, 2011.
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[10] Ovsyanikov V. V., Reznichenko I., et al. Wideband properties [11] Rayner J. P., Whichello A. P., and Cheetham A. D., Physical
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