70 Shell Scripting Interview Questions & Answers

7/1/2017 70 Shell Scripting Interview Questions & Answers
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Shell Scripting Interview Questions & Answers
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Posted on : May 18, 2015 , Last Updated on : October 8, 2016 By Petras Liumparas More    
SHELL SCRIPTS
We have selected
DEVOPS expected 70 shell scripting question and answers for your interview preparation. Its really vital for all system admin to know
scripting
WEB or SERVERS
atleast the basics which in turn helps to automate many tasks in your work environment. In the past few years we have seen that all
linux job specification
UBUNTU HOWTO requires scripting skills.
1) How to pass argument to a script ?
./script argument
Example : Script will show filename
./show.sh file1.txt
cat show.sh
#!/bin/bash
cat $1
2) How to use argument in a script ?
First argument: $1,

Second argument : $2
Example : Script will copy file (arg1) to destination (arg2)
./copy.sh file1.txt /tmp/
cat copy.sh
#!/bin/bash
cp $1 $2
3) How to calculate number of passed arguments ?
$#
https://linoxide.com/linux-shell-script/shell-scripting-interview-questions-answers/ 1/24
4) How to get script name inside a script ?
$0
5) How to check if previous command run successful ?
$?
6) How to get last line from a file ?
tail -1
7) How to get first line from a file ?
head -1
8) How to get 3rd element from each line from a file ?
awk '{print $3}'
9) How to get 2nd element from each line from a file, if first equal FIND
awk '{ if ($1 == "FIND") print $2}'
10) How to debug bash script
Add -xv to #!/bin/bash
Example
#!/bin/bash –xv
11) Give an example how to write function ?
function example {
echo "Hello world!"
}
12) How to add string to string ?
V1="Hello"
V2="World"
let V3=$V1+$V2
echo $V3
Output
Hello+World
13) How to add two integers ?
V1=1
V2=2
V3=$V1+$V2
echo $V3
Output
3
Remember you need to add "let" to line V3=$V1+$V2

then echo $V3 will give 3
if without let , then it will be
echo $V3 will give 1+2
14) How to check if file exist on filesystem ?
if [ -f /var/log/messages ]
then
echo "File exists"
fi
15) Write down syntax for all loops in shell scripting ?
for loop :
for i in $( ls ); do
echo item: $i
done
while loop :
#!/bin/bash
COUNTER=0
while [ $COUNTER -lt 10 ]; do
echo The counter is $COUNTER
let COUNTER=COUNTER+1
done
until loop :
#!/bin/bash
COUNTER=20
until [ $COUNTER -lt 10 ]; do
echo COUNTER $COUNTER
let COUNTER-=1
done
16) What it means by #!/bin/sh or #!/bin/bash at beginning of every script ?
That line tells which shell to use. #!/bin/bash script to execute using /bin/bash. In case of python script there there will be #!/usr/bin/python
17) How to get 10th line from the text file ?
head -10 file|tail -1
18) What is the first symbol in the bash script file
19) What would be the output of command: [ -z "" ] && echo 0 || echo 1
20) What command "export" do ?
Makes variable public in subshells
21) How to run script in background ?
add "&" to the end of script
22) What "chmod 500 script" do ?
Makes script executable for script owner
23) What ">" do ?
Redirects output stream to file or another stream.
24) What difference between & and &&
& - we using it when want to put script to background

&& - when we wand to execute command/script if first script was finished successfully
25) When we need "if" before [ condition ] ?
When we need to run several commands if condition meets.
26) What would be the output of the command: name=John && echo 'My name is $name'
My name is $name
27) Which is the symbol used for comments in bash shell scripting ?
28) What would be the output of command: echo ${new:-variable}
variable
29) What difference between ' and " quotes ?
' - we use it when do not want to evaluate variables to the values

" - all variables will be evaluated and its values will be assigned instead.
30) How to redirect stdout and stderr streams to log.txt file from script inside ?
Add "exec >log.txt 2>&1" as the first command in the script
31) How to get part of string variable with echo command only ?
echo ${variable:x:y}
x - start position
y - length
example:
variable="My name is Petras, and I am developer."
echo ${variable:11:6} # will display Petras
32) How to get home_dir with echo command only if string variable="User:123:321:/home/dir" is given ?
echo ${variable#*:*:*:}
or
echo ${variable##*:}
33) How to get “User” from the string above ?
echo ${variable%:*:*:*}
or
echo ${variable%%:*}
34) How to list users which UID less that 100 (awk) ?
awk -F: '$3<100' /etc/passwd
35) Write the program which counts unique primary groups for users and displays count and group name only
cat /etc/passwd|cut -d: -f4|sort|uniq -c|while read c g

do
{ echo $c; grep :$g: /etc/group|cut -d: -f1;}|xargs -n 2
done
36) How to change standard field separator to ":" in bash shell ?
IFS=":"
37) How to get variable length ?
${#variable}
38) How to print last 5 characters of variable ?
echo ${variable: -5}
39) What difference between ${variable:-10} and ${variable: -10} ?
${variable:-10} - gives 10 if variable was not assigned before

${variable: -10} - gives last 10 symbols of variable
40) How to substitute part of string with echo command only ?
echo ${variable//pattern/replacement}
41) Which command replaces string to uppercase ?
tr '[:lower:]' '[:upper:]'
42) How to count local accounts ?
wc -l /etc/passwd|cut -d" " -f1

or
cat /etc/passwd|wc -l
43) How to count words in a string without wc command ?
set ${string}
echo $#
44) Which one is correct "export $variable" or "export variable" ?
export variable
45) How to list files where second letter is a or b ?
ls -d ?[ab]*
46) How to add integers a to b and assign to c ?
c=$((a+b))
or
c=èxpr $a + $b`
or
c=ècho "$a+$b"|bc`
47) How to remove all spaces from the string ?
echo $string|tr -d " "
48) Rewrite the command to print the sentence and converting variable to plural: item="car"; echo "I like $item" ?
item="car"; echo "I like ${item}s"
49) Write the command which will print numbers from 0 to 100 and display every third (0 3 6 9 …) ?
for i in {0..100..3}; do echo $i; done

or
for (( i=0; i<=100; i=i+3 )); do echo "Welcome $i times"; done
50) How to print all arguments provided to the script ?
echo $*
or
echo $@
51) What difference between [ $a == $b ] and [ $a -eq $b ]
[ $a == $b ] - should be used for string comparison

[ $a -eq $b ] - should be used for number tests
52) What difference between = and ==
= - we using to assign value to variable

== - we using for string comparison
53) Write the command to test if $a greater than 12 ?
[ $a -gt 12 ]
54) Write the command to test if $b les or equal 12 ?
[ $b -le 12 ]
55) How to check if string begins with "abc" letters ?
[[ $string == abc* ]]
56) What difference between [[ $string == abc* ]] and [[ $string == "abc*" ]]
[[ $string == abc* ]] - will check if string begins with abc letters

[[ $string == "abc*" ]] - will check if string is equal exactly to abc*
57) How to list usernames which starts with ab or xy ?
egrep "âb|^xy" /etc/passwd|cut -d: -f1
58) What $! means in bash ?
Most recent background command PID
59) What $? means ?
Most recent foreground exit status.
60) How to print PID of the current shell ?
echo $$
61) How to get number of passed arguments to the script ?
echo $#
62) What difference between $* and $@
$* - gives all passed arguments to the script as a single string

$@ - gives all passed arguments to the script as delimited list. Delimiter $IFS
63) How to define array in bash ?
array=("Hi" "my" "name" "is")
64) How to print the first array element ?
echo ${array[0]}
65) How to print all array elements ?
echo ${array[@]}
66) How to print all array indexes ?
echo ${!array[@]}
67) How to remove array element with id 2 ?
unset array[2]
68) How to add new array element with id 333 ?
array[333]="New_element"
69) How shell script get input values ?
a) via parameters
./script param1 param2
b) via read command
read -p "Destination backup Server : " desthost
70) How can we use "expect" command in a script ?
/usr/bin/expect << EOD

spawn rsync -ar ${line} ${desthost}:${destpath}
expect "*?assword:*"
send "${password}\r"
expect eof
EOD
Good luck !! Please comment below if you have any new query or need answers for your questions. Let us know how well this helped for your
interview :-)
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Comments (13)
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1. vicdeveloper says:
May 27, 2015 at 4:01 am
Great!.
This article is a gem. Oh my god, a lot of useful info about shell scripting.
Thanks :D!
Reply
2. Ashish says:
March 12, 2016 at 10:37 am
lot of useful info
Reply
3. Abhishek says:
May 29, 2016 at 1:59 pm
Really awesome?....
Reply
4. Harish says:
June 5, 2016 at 9:31 am
Awesomeeeee... Great stuff..
Reply
5. Swapnil Shevate says:

July 9, 2016 at 6:15 am
You nailed it. Thanks !
Reply
6. anumolu says:
August 21, 2016 at 10:48 pm
It's nice..!!
Reply
7. Laxma Reddy says:

August 30, 2016 at 10:51 am
Hi Petras Liumparas,
This is very very useful information on shell scripting, Please comeup with advanced tutorial like this.
I hope you will keep posting this kind of tutorial in shell script, especially in advanced level. if possible cover SED in detail.
Thanks a lot.
Reply
8. BhanuChand says:
September 5, 2016 at 6:34 pm
Great collection.
Reply
9. deepak says:
November 15, 2016 at 11:30 am
good one
Reply
10. Ratnaji says:

Great Collection. Also it would be great if you can share common shell script errors and error handling related stuff.
Thanks in Advance.
Reply
Bobbin Zachariah says:

Thanks for the comments. sure will consider
Reply
11. Mike Yung says:

February 8, 2017 at 1:11 am
This is so helpful. Thank you so much
Reply
12. Arun Kumar says:

June 16, 2017 at 7:46 pm
Really it good collection. All are new question. Great effort.
Reply
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7/1/2017 70 Shell Scripting Interview Questions & Answers

HOME ABOUT TRENDING FREE EBOOKS Search this website

1) How to pass argument to a script ?

Example : Script will show filename

2) How to use argument in a script ?

First argument: $1,

Example : Script will copy file (arg1) to destination (arg2)

./copy.sh file1.txt /tmp/

3) How to calculate number of passed arguments ?

4) How to get script name inside a script ?

5) How to check if previous command run successful ?

6) How to get last line from a file ?

7) How to get first line from a file ?

8) How to get 3rd element from each line from a file ?

awk '{print $3}'

awk '{ if ($1 == "FIND") print $2}'

10) How to debug bash script

Add -xv to #!/bin/bash

11) Give an example how to write function ?

12) How to add string to string ?

13) How to add two integers ?

Remember you need to add "let" to line V3=$V1+$V2

if without let , then it will be

echo $V3 will give 1+2

14) How to check if file exist on filesystem ?

15) Write down syntax for all loops in shell scripting ?

16) What it means by #!/bin/sh or #!/bin/bash at beginning of every script ?

17) How to get 10th line from the text file ?

head -10 file|tail -1

18) What is the first symbol in the bash script file

20) What command "export" do ?

Makes variable public in subshells

21) How to run script in background ?

add "&" to the end of script

22) What "chmod 500 script" do ?

Makes script executable for script owner

23) What ">" do ?

Redirects output stream to file or another stream.

24) What difference between & and &&

& - we using it when want to put script to background

25) When we need "if" before [ condition ] ?

When we need to run several commands if condition meets.

28) What would be the output of command: echo ${new:-variable}

29) What difference between ' and " quotes ?

' - we use it when do not want to evaluate variables to the values

Add "exec >log.txt 2>&1" as the first command in the script

33) How to get “User” from the string above ?

awk -F: '$3<100' /etc/passwd

cat /etc/passwd|cut -d: -f4|sort|uniq -c|while read c g

36) How to change standard field separator to ":" in bash shell ?

37) How to get variable length ?

38) How to print last 5 characters of variable ?

echo ${variable: -5}

39) What difference between ${variable:-10} and ${variable: -10} ?

${variable:-10} - gives 10 if variable was not assigned before

40) How to substitute part of string with echo command only ?

41) Which command replaces string to uppercase ?

42) How to count local accounts ?

wc -l /etc/passwd|cut -d" " -f1

43) How to count words in a string without wc command ?

44) Which one is correct "export $variable" or "export variable" ?

45) How to list files where second letter is a or b ?

46) How to add integers a to b and assign to c ?

47) How to remove all spaces from the string ?

70 Shell Scripting Interview Questions & Answers

70 Shell Scripting Interview Questions & Answers