ORIGINAL ARTICLE

Analysis Of Decreasing Hemoglobin Level at Vegetable Farmers in Exposure of

Organophosphate Pesticide, Torongrejo Village, Junrejo Subdistrict, Batu City,
Indonesia.
Beni Hari Susanto1,Mochammad Sholehhudin1, *Aditya Sukma P2.
1,2,
Masters Program In Environmental Health, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas
Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia

ABSTRACT
Pesticide is all chemical substances or other materials and microorganisms and virus.
Pesticides can cause negative effects to human health and environment. One of the impact of
pesticides exposure is changing levels of hemoglobin ( hb ). This study aimed to analyze The
Decreasing Of Hemoglobin Level at Farmers in Exposure Of Organophosphate Pesticides at
Torongrejo Village Junrejo Subdistrict Batu City Indonesia.This study method was
observational analytic with cross sectional design. The sampling technique used simple
random sampling. The population were farmers of Torongrejo Village Junrejo Subdistrict
Batu City with total sample about 32 respondents. The data obtained by hemoglobin
examination, interview and observation. The result of Hemoglobin examination showed that
normal Hemoglobin were 17 respondents (53.1%) and abnormal Hemoglobin were 15
respondents (46,9 %). The study result of the variables, completeness of personal protective
equipment, lenght of spraying, pesticides toxicity and pesticides dosage, have no relationship
with levels of hemoglobin (hb) changing. It can be concluded that there was no relationship
Decreasing Hemoglobin Level at Vegetable Farmers in Exposure of Organophosphate
Pesticide, Torongrejo Village, Junrejo Subdistrict,Batu City, Indonesia. It is suggested to
conduct training or counseling about pesticide usage, poisoning signs of pesticide, and
personal protective equipment usage.

Keywords : Pesticide organofosfat, levels of hemoglobin (Hb)

Corresponding Author: various health problems and environmental

Aditya Sukma P, M.KL
Email : aditya.pawitra@fkm.unair.ac.id
INTRODUCTION
World Health Organization (2008)
stated that the use of pesticides are
affected by the level of toxicity, volume,
and exposure significantly affects health.
The higher the toxicity of pesticide used,
the more signs of poisoning symptom
experienced by the farmers. From the data
collected, there are about 500,000-
1,000,000 people per year in the world
who are poisoned by pesticides and about
500-1000 people per year suffered a very
fatal impact such as cancer, disability,
infertility with a liver disorder.
Uncontrolled use of pesticides creates
pollution.
Rangan (2014) states that pesticide
exposure affects the human body
components, one of them is blood.
Pesticide can cause abnormality in the
blood profile because pesticide can
interfere with the organs that form the
blood cells, the formation process of blood
cells and the immune system. Blood
consists of 2 main components, those are
blood plasma and blood cell. Blood cell
consists of 3 components: red blood cell,
white blood cell, and platelets. Red blood
cell has a major protein that is hemoglobin.
Former research conducted by (Ramsingh,
2009) found that there is an influence on
the use of pesticide in hemoglobin levels,
where this pesticide causes decreased the
production or increased the red blood cell The research result is revealed that in
destruction. This makes the formation of spraying, the farmers used organofosfat
methemoglobin in red blood cells, causing pesticides, 19 (59 %) good (less than 3
abnormal hemoglobin and disability in
hours each day) and 13 (40,6%) bad (
performing its function to deliver oxygen.
The presence of methemoglobin in the more than 3 hours each day).
blood will cause a decrease of Hb levels in
red blood cell. Tabel 4. Respondent Characteristic
Pesticide Dose
As recommended Not recommended
MATERIALS AND METHODS Total 29 3
The type of this research is % 90.6% 9.4%
observational analytic research. The data It is also obtained that from 32
obtained through observation, interview, respondents, 3 respondents (9,4%) used
and questionnaire. This research design
uses cross sectional through chi-square test pesticide more than recommended and 29
with contingency coefficient reading. respondents (90,6%) used pesticides based
There are 32 respondents of pesticide on recommended dosage.
sprayer farmers.
Tabel 5. Respondent Characteristic
RESULT Age
25-35 36–46 47–57 58–68 69–79
Tabel. 1. Respondent Characteristic Total 3 9 12 6 2
Personal Protective Equipment % 9,4% 28,1% 37,5% 18,8% 6,3%
Complete uncomplete The research showed that from 32
Total 4 28 respondents, 12 respondents (37,5%)
% 12.5% 87.5%
respondents aged between 47 years until
The results of the research are
intended to know that the majority of 57 years.
farmers in Torongrejo do not use complete
Tabel 6. Respondent Characteristic
personal protective equipment (28 Pesticide Toxicity
respondents/ 87.5%), and while there is 4 Medium Toxicity High Toxicity
respondents (12.5%) that use complete Total 3 29
personal protective equipment % 9.4 % 90.6 %
It is known that 3 respondents
Tabel. 2. Respondent Characteristic (9.4%) used moderate toxicity pesticides,
Length of Work
29 respondents (90.6%) used pesticides
< 5 years >5 years
Total 0 32 with high toxicity.
% 0% 100%
Tabel 7. Respondent Characteristic
The research result is, the length of
Hemoglobin Examination
work, 32 respondents who are less than 5 Normal Abnormal
years is 0% and those who are more than 5 Total 17 15
years are 32 (100%) as farmers who used % 53.1 % 46.9%
spray of Organofosfat pesticides.
The result of the research
Tabel. 3. Respondent Characteristic conducted from 32 respondents obtains
Length of Spraying that the respondents whose length of work
< 3 hours (good) >3hours (bad) as spraying farmers using organophosphate
Total 19 13 pesticides for less than 5 years are 0, while
% 59.4% 40.6% those whose length of work is more than 5
years are 32 (100%). Respondents who use
incomplete PPE are 28 respondents
(87,5%), while those who use complete
PPE are only 4 respondents (12,5%). For
the length of the sprayer using
organophosphate pesticide, 19 respondents
(59,4%) are good (less than 3 hours per
day) and 13 respondents (40,6%) are not
good (more than3 hours per day). In
addition, 3 respondents (9,4%) use
pesticide with medium toxicity, while the
other 29 respondents (90,6%) use pesticide
with high toxicity. Furthermore, 3
respondents (9,4%) use pesticide whose
dose is not recommended, while the other
29 respondents (90,6%) use pesticide with
dose as recommended. Lastly, the
hemoglobin concentration of 17 (53,1%)
farmers are in the normal category, but the
other 15 (46,9%) farmers are in the
abnormal category.
The Decrease of Hemoglobin Levels on
Farmers After the Exposure of
Organophosphorus Pesticide
Table 8. The Decrease of Hemoglobin
Levels on Farmers After the Exposure of
Organophosphorus Pesticide
Length of Work sig 0.513
PPE sig 0.349
Length of Spraying sig 0.513
Pesticide Toxicity sig 0.053
Pesticide Dose sig 0.471
Decrease of Hemoglobin sig 0.050
Level
The analysis result using chi-
square test of protective personal
equipment completeness on the decrease
of hemoglobin (Hb) level as shown in
table 2 no significant correlation between
the protective personal equipment
completeness and the decrease of
hemoglobin level with the significant
value of 0.349. This is contrary to a
research conducted by Afriyanto (2008)
who states that there is a significant
relationship between the completeness of
personal protective equipment and the
decrease of Hemoglobin (Hb) level.
DISCUSSION
Discharging self protection
complete there are 7 parts which are: it be
that his long sleeves, trousers, a mask, a
hat, eyes of glass, t shirt on a your hands
and of a shoeboot. Discharging self
protecting devices apd provided able to
prevent and reduce the cost of the
occurrence of poisoning using pesticides it
could,they are full ofarrogance self
protecting devices apd provided the
possibility of direct contact with using
pesticides it could can be reduced so that
the risk of using pesticides it could give
them bitter and poisonous gets into a
through parts of the breathing response of,
gastrointestinal tract and the skin can be be
done away with
The analysis result by using chi-
square obtains that there is no relationship
between the spraying length and the
change of hemoglobin (Hb) level with a
significant result of 0.513. Former research
in India conducted by Reddy and Jegdish
(2012), obtains a result that there is a
relationship between the length of work
and the changes in hemoglobin levels. The
difference in this study is the intensity of
the spraying length time in the study
conducted by Reddy and Jegdish (2012) of
which farmers who act as the respondents
spray pesticide for more than 3 hours per
day, while in this research which is
conducted in Torongrejo Village, Junrejo
Subdistrict, among 32 respondents, 19
(59,4%) respondents spray the pesticide
for less than 3 hours per day.
Theoretically according to prihadi
in 2007 , in spraying should not may more
than 3 hours if than 3 hour then risk
poisoning will be bigger .If still need to
finish his job letrest for some time to give
opportunity to the body to be rid of
exposure pesticides .According to runia in
2008 , stated that long spraying is should
ring an alarm bell because farmers the
longer contact with pesticide the more
large kemunkinan farmers experienced
poisoned when at the same time as time
spraying
 faster kill pests that is the ditanaman.The
The pesticide toxicity on the also diperhatian is broad of land that will
changes in hemoglobin yield a significance sprayed and determine takarannya use
of 0.053. This is not in accordance with tablespoons
Purba (2008) study on environmental
factors related to pesticide poisoning CONCLUSION
which explains that there is no significant The research was conducted in
relationship between pesticide toxicity and Torongrejo Village, Junrejo Sub-District,
changes in hemoglobin (Hb) Batu City, with 32 respondents. Among
levels.Djojosumarto (2008). The use of those respondents, 17 respondents of them
high toxicity pesticide is because the have abnormal Hb level, while the other 15
farmers think that such pesticide is very respondents have normal Hb. It can be
powerful to prevent pests in plants and do concluded that there is no significant
not pay attention to the active ingredients relationship between the use of
of the pesticide. Farmers suggest organophosphate pesticide and the
maintaining the use of a pesticide which is decreased hemoglobin level.
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