TEMPERATURE MONITORING OF DOMESTIC REFRIGERATOR BY

USING BLUETOOTH MODULE‘’|

ABSTRACT

In modern days the popularity of controlling electrical device through phone

has been increasing due to high performance and reduce work by connecting through
smart phone which is useful for elderly and physically disabled people, who can
access and control the appliances by staying at some place and access them remotely
without the help of others. Refrigeration is the process of cooling a space, substance, or
system to lower and/or maintain its temperature below the ambient one In other
words, refrigeration means artificial (human-made) cooling. Refrigerator means, an appliance
or compartment which is artificially kept cool and used to store food and drink. Modern
refrigerators generally make use of the cooling effect produced when a volatile liquid is
forced to evaporate in a sealed system in which it can be condensed back to liquid outside the
refrigerator. In this project we control temperature of domestic refrigerator by using
Bluetooth system. To control the temperature of domestic refrigerator we use electronic based
microcontroller circuit. By using this circuit we operate temperature control knob of
refrigerator which is connected to expansion device where the rate of flow of refrigerant is
controlled and temperature will be change. Second objective of this project is we also operate
door automation system. By using solenoid valve we make the moment of door (open or
close) .for this purpose

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INTRODUCTION
Refrigeration systems operate on a series of consecutive thermodynamic
processes that form a cycle that returns the working substance to the same state.
A thermodynamic refrigeration cycle removes heat from a low-temperature object
(refrigeration) and rejects it at a higher temperature. A refrigerator does not cool items
by lowering their original temperatures; instead, an evaporating gas called a
refrigerant draws heat away, leaving the surrounding area much colder. Refrigerators
and air conditioners both work on the principle of cooling through evaporation.
Refrigerator works on Vapour compression cycle as shown in fig. In the refrigeration
cycle, there are five basic components: fluid refrigerant; a compressor, which controls

Fig:- Vapour compression system

The flow of refrigerant; the condenser coils (on the outside of the fridge); the
Evaporator coils (on the inside of the fridge); and something called an expansion device.
Here’s how they interact to cool your food.

The Vapour Compression Refrigeration Cycle involves four components:

compressor, condenser, expansion valve/throttle valve and evaporator.

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1: COMPRESSOR

The refrigerant (for example R-134a) enters the compressor at low temperature and
low pressure. It is in a gaseous state. Here, compression takes place to raise the
temperature and refrigerant pressure. The refrigerant leaves the compressor and
enters to the condenser. Since this process requires work, an electric motor may be
used. Compressors themselves can be scroll, screw, centrifugal or reciprocating types.

2: CONDENSER

The condenser is essentially a heat exchanger. Heat is transferred from the refrigerant
to a flow of water. This water goes to a cooling tower for cooling in the case of water-
cooled condensation. Note that seawater and air-cooling methods may also play this
role. As the refrigerant flows through the condenser, it is in a constant pressure.

3: EXPANSION VALVE

When the refrigerant enters the throttling valve, it expands and releases pressure.
Consequently, the temperature drops at this stage. Because of these changes, the
refrigerant leaves the throttle valve as a liquid vapor mixture, typically in proportions
of around 75 % and 25 % respectively. Throttling valves play two crucial roles in the
vapor compression cycle. First, they maintain a pressure differential between low- and
high-pressure sides. Second, they control the amount of liquid refrigerant entering the
evaporator.

4: EVAPORATOR

At this stage of the Vapor Compression Refrigeration Cycle, the refrigerant is at a

lower temperature than its surroundings. Therefore, it evaporates and absorbs latent
heat of vaporization. Heat extraction from the refrigerant happens at low pressure and
temperature. Compressor suction effect helps maintain the low pressure.

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Literature review

1. Mohamad Hafiz Izran Ishak studied the Bluetooth based automation system using
android phone. Home automation or domestic robotics is a combination of automation
technologies and computer science. High affordability and connectivity through
smartphones and tablets has increased the popularity of home automation in recent
years. The life quality of the elderly and disabled can be improved by using home
automation. Radio frequency is one of the techniques used in the home automation
network to control and monitor home appliances
1. Osisanwo et al. studied internet refrigerator. It works on the WI-FI system of android
mobile.IT is also called as GSM module. He also studied the refrigerator automation
based on internet which is also called Internet refrigerator or Smart refrigerator. The
Internet refrigerator makes our life more convenient and easy.
2. Shubhankar Chattoraj studied Smart Home Automation based on different sensor.
The study is based on implement and integrated home automation system. The
Arduino controller controls sensors and actuators that monitor a defined location and
take action based on specified parameters like ambient light, temperature etc.
3. Mukul Mittal et al. studied smart home automation system using Bluetooth and
Infrared. The study is based on the system senses the temperature and humidity inside
house. The purpose of automated system to control the temperature at convenient
way.
4. Qingshan Shan et al. studied Wireless temperature sensor using Bluetooth. Study
explain wireless technology used to identify temperature using the sensor and
proposed for low cost, low power, small size and communication over short distance
in a refrigerator.
.

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IMPLEMENTATIONS
In this project we monitor the temperature of refrigerator by using Bluetooth
device. This article describes a temperature monitoring system on an Android
Smartphone. Temperature is sensed by a temperature sensor installed in the circuit
and is sent over Bluetooth to the Smartphone. An Android application is used in the
Smartphone to display temperature data. The system provides easy monitoring of
process data on a Smartphone. You can connect the Smartphone wirelessly with the
system and monitor the process variable, when desired. The system can easily be
customized to monitor other process variables also, To control the temperature of
domestic refrigerator we use electronic based microcontroller circuit. By using this
circuit we operate temperature control knob of refrigerator which is connected to
expansion device.
The thermostat regulates by cutting off or cutting in current to the compressor.
Depending on the temperature registered by the thermostat sensor, the thermostat con-
trols the compressor by powering it (cut-in) or depowering it (cut-off). The thermostat
can be used either as an evaporator thermostat or a room thermostat.

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PROBLEM DEFINATION
Smart home technology generally refers to any suite of devices, appliances, or
systems that connect into a common network that can be independently and remotely
controlled. When your home technology works together in one system, it can also be
referred more loosely as a connected home”. During the normal working of the
refrigeration plant the thermostatic expansion valve remains opened in certain
position. When the refrigeration load increases, the temperature inside the evaporator
also increases. In such cases there is need of the more refrigerant to take care of the
increased load. The increased temperature in the evaporator is sensed by the feeler
bulb of the thermostatic expansion valve. This leads to the expansion of the gas in the
feeler bulb and also in the power element of the temperature expansion valve (TEV)
leading to the increase in pressure P1. Due to this the diaphragm of the TEV moves
down and tends to open the valve further to increase the flow of their refrigerant to the
evaporator. When the refrigeration load reduces, the magnitude of pressure P1
reduces and the combined pressures P2 and P3overcome pressure P1 that allows for
partial closing of the valve so the flow of the refrigerant to the evaporator reduces.
Thus the TEV maintains the flow of the refrigerant inside the evaporators per the
refrigeration or air-conditioning load. The TEV constantly modulates the flow to
maintain the superheat for which it has been adjusted by the spring. This can be
further regulated by Bluetooth device. Smart home automation allows you to tap into
high-tech functionality and luxury that wasn’t possible in the past. As technology
development continues to expand, so will the possibilities for consumer home
automation to make life easier and more enjoyable.

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METHODOLOGY

At this stage, an approval of the project subject is required from the instructor
which includes getting all the required details of the chosen project and approved by
the instructor whether it is an appropriate project or not. Once the project’s subject is
approved, the data required is collected to strengthen the subject chosen. This stage
also includes:

Literature study

Project identification

Project literature study

Field work

System drawing

Material procurement

Manufacturing stage

Fabrication of assembly

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REFRIGERANT SELECTION:-

No. Refrigerant Boiling Point Freezing Critical Critical

@1 atm(K) Point (K) Temp (K) Pr (bar) ODP GWP

CFCs (Chlorofluorocarbons)
R113 Trichlorotrifluro ethane 320.73 238.16 487.3 34.4 0.9 5200
R11 Trichlorofluro methane 296.98 162.05 471.2 44.1 1 4000
R134a Tetrafluro ethane 295.94 179.27 410.9 32.6 0 1200
R12 Dichlorodifluro methane 243.37 115.38 385.2 41.2 1 12200
R115 Chloropentafluro ethane 233.83 167.05 353.1 31.5 0.6 39200

Thermodynamic and Thermo physical Properties of R134a

No Properties R-134a

1 Boiling Point -14.9°F or -26.1°C

2 Auto-Ignition Temperature 1418°F or 770°C

3 Ozone Depletion Level 0

4 Solubility In Water 0.11% by weight at 77°F or 25°C

5 Critical Temperature 252°F or 122°C

6 Cylinder Color Code Light Blue

7 Global Warming Potential (GWP) 1200

Properties of R134a
1. Low Freezing Point. Refrigerants should have low freezing point than the normal
operating conditions.
2. Low Condensing Pressure.
3. High Evaporator Pressure.
4. High Critical Pressure.
5. High Vapor Density.
6. High Dielectric strength.

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Working of temperature monitoring device

Expans Temper Temper Microc

Bluetoo
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valve Sensor Knob r

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Microcontroller R
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Figure:- System Block Diagram.

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Automatic Expansion Valve

 The automatic expansion valve is an expansion device that meters the refrigerant to
the evaporator by using a pressure-sensing device.

 The AXV maintains a constant pressure in the evaporator. Notice that superheat plays
no part in this valve.

 When the evaporator pressure drops for any reason, the valve begins to open and
feeds more refrigerant into the evaporator.

 The adjustment of this valve is normally at the top of the valve.

 This adjustment changes the spring tension that parallels the atmosphere in pushing
down on the diaphragm.

 When the tension is increased, the valve will feed more refrigerant and increase the
suction pressure.

 The AXV responds differently than the TXV to load changes. It actually acts in
reverse.

 When a load is added to the coil, the suction pressure starts to rise.

 The AXV will start to throttle the refrigerant by closing enough to maintain the
suction pressure at the set point.

 This has the effect of starving the coil slightly.

 A large increase in load will cause more starving.

 When the load is decreased and the suction pressure starts to fall, the AXV will start
to open and feed more refrigerant into the coil.

 If the load reduces too much, liquid could actually leave the evaporator and proceed
down the suction line.

 The best application for this valve is where there is a fairly constant load.

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 One of its best features is that it can hold a constant pressure.

 When the AXV is used with a thermostat, the thermostat should be adjusted to shut
the compressor off before flooding of the entire evaporator occurs.

 The AXV should be adjusted to maintain an evaporator pressure that corresponds to

the lowest evaporator temperature desired through the entire running cycle of the
compressor.

 AXVs are usually found on smaller equipment with somewhat constant evaporator
loads, including ice cream freezers. ice makers and drinking fountains.

Fig;- Automatic expansion vale

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Microcontroller (pic 16F877A):

It is one of the main component of the circuit that can be programmed to

process different type of commands. It plays a major role by receiving signals and
processing them to be sent to the output. The PIC 16F877A microcontroller is one of
the most famous microcontrollers in its different types. It can maintain the
temperature and fan speed, as it is very convenient to use and the programming of the
microcontroller is very easy. It has a 40-pin (which consists of two 8-bit and one16-
bit). This kind of microcontroller can be used in remote sensing, security, safety
devices, and automation in the houses. Also it is used in many applications and digital
electronic circuits.

Temperature sensor (LM35):

It is the most widely used sensor for sensing temperature. The output is
connected with analog channel (RA1) from the port RA of the microcontroller. The
function of the sensor is to measure the temperature with an electrical output
proportional to the temperature.

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Bluetooth device:
It is a user friendly device that its main function is to send and receive signals
and data. After that it transfers data and signals to another device. Therefore, it is a
median for receiving and sending data between different electronic devices. All you
need is a power of 5v and it is available in huge quantities at lower price.

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COMPRESSOR

RIGID Rotary Mini Compressors (12V, 24V, 48V DC) are exceptional
compact and achieve extra ordinary power capacity. Its small, high-perform brushless
compressor-the size of a child’s fist. Current models capacity range from 100W to
550W under standard ASHRAE conditions, using a single cylinder configuration.
With 12V, 24V, and 48V configurations ad R134a refrigerants, these compressors can
be used in a wide range of Refrigeration.

RIGID mini refrigeration compressors are ideally suited for the miniature
refrigeration system, mobile & portable aircon, cooling electronics, and in numerous
commercial appliance types where space and weight are important.

Fig: - Rigid Mini rotary compressor

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COST ESTIMATION TABLE

Sr. no. Particulars Quantity Cost (Rs)

1. Refrigerator 1 7000

2. Bluetooth module 1 2000

3. Temp. sensor 1 3000

4. Lcd Display 1 3000

5. Other expenditure - 5000

TOTAL - 20000/-

WORK SCHEDULE FOR COMPLETION OF PROJECT:

Sr. Activity/
Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar
No. Month

1 Literature Review

2 Design of
Components

3 Manufacturing of
Components

4 Assembly of
Components

5 Experimental Setup

6 Testing

7 Result Analysis

8 Draft of Report

9 Submission of
Report

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REFERENCE

1. “Bluetooth-Based Home Automation System Using an Android Phone”, Mohamad

Hafis Izran Ishak, Edition-39,Year-Sept.2014

2. Internet Refrigerator”,Folasade Osisanwo et al.,Year-March 2015.

3. “Smart Automaton Based on different Sensor and Arduino as the master

controller”, Shubhankar Chattoraj, Volume-5,Year-Oct.2015

4. Smart Home Automation Using Bluetooth And Infrared”, Mukul Mittal,Volume-

7,Issue- 4,Year-April 2017

5. “Wireless Temperature Sensor Using Bluetooth”,Qingshah Shan, Published by-

Dept. of Creative Technologies, Portsmouth University,UK

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