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en Communication Pattern and Skill of Leade
en Communication Pattern and Skill of Leade
1
ANI YUNINGSIH, 2 DADAN MULYANA
1,2Fakultas Ilmu Komunikasi, Universitas Islam Bandung, Jl. Tamansari No1, Bandung
email: 1yuningsihani@yahoo.com; 2 dadanmulyana95@yahoo.com;
Received: October 27, 2016, Revision: April 20, 2017, Accepted: May 19, 2017
Print ISSN: 0215-8175; Online ISSN: 2303-2499. Doi:
Accredited by DIKTI. SK Kemendikbud, No.040/P/2014, valid 18-02-2014 until 18-02-2019, Indexed by DOAJ
166
ANI YUNINGSIH, et al. Communication Pattern and Skill of Leader in Private University Managemen
management as an extension institution of the involved in the transaction process and give
Directorate of Higher Education, which carries meaning to what happens (Pace &Faules,
out the supervision, control and supervision 2001: 31-33). There are several perceptions
of the PTS (interview with Udansyah in 2015). of organizational communication from some
experts, namely Perceptions of Redding and
Referring to the background, a more in-
Saborn, as well as Perceptions of Zelko and
depth analysis of leadership’s communication
Dance (in Pace &Faules, 2001).
skills and skill in PTS management is required.
Based on the results of research conducted Redding and Saborn said that
in 2015 (Mulyana et al, 2015) and 2016 organizational communication is sending
(Mulyana&Yuningsih, 2016) that studied and receiving information in complex
about private universities in West Java, which organizations. Included in this field are internal
is a representation of PTS population in West communications, human relationships,
Java. The study is about the pattern of PTS organizational unity relationships, downward
organizational communication internally, communications or communications
and external communication between PTS from superiors to subordinates, upward
with Kopertis, which obtained an overview communications or communications from
of the actual condition of communication subordinates to superiors, horizontal
patterns and skills of the PTS leaders, communication or communication from
which then led researchers to analyze and persons of equal level within the organization,
provide recommendations for organizational communication skills and speaking, listening,
communication patterns that are more suited writing and communication program
to the demands and needs to become a evaluation.
healthy, accountable and reputable higher
Zelko and Dance said that organizational
education. The result of this study also
communication is an interdependent
raises the actual issues about the limited
system that includes internal and external
capacity and communication skills of the PTS
communication. Internal communication is
managers in West Java, which need to be
communication within the organization itself,
studied further.
such as communication from subordinates
Inadequate intelligence of interpersonal to superiors, communication from superiors
communication, coupled with a less conducive to subordinates, and communication of
communication pattern, may cause the PTS the same-level fellow employeesl. While
managers and their respective academicians external communication is communication
to be trapped in perspective partially, and that the organization conducts to the outside
trapped in a comfort zone that prioritizes the environment, such as communication in
stability of routine administrative activities, product sales, advertising, and relationships
rather than the transactional communication with the general public.
process, positional and transformational
From the above explanation, it can be
which is a necessity for the fulfillment of the
concluded that organizational communication
demands and fneed for a qualified higher
is a process that happens in the organization.
education.
The communication process that occurs
Based on the results of the research, is divided into 4 (four) aspects, namely:
there are 3 (three) identification problems downward communication, upward
that will be analyzed in this paper, namely: communication, horizontal communication,
first, how the pattern of organizational and cross-channel communication.
communication built PTS internally and
The pattern of organizational
externally in performing the tridharma
communication is a set of behavior and
function of university. Secondly, how does the
communication rituals run by all members
communication skills profile of PTS leadership
of the organization from the highest level
in carrying out healthy, accountable and
of leaders to the lowest level of employees.
reputable management. Third, what factors
Organizational communication patterns can
are inhibiting the supervision, control and
formally refer to the following model:
supervision of PTS by Kopertis.
Organizational Communication Pat-
tern
Organizational communication is an
organizing behavior that occurs and how it
Effendy, MA, in his book of Science, able to create new knowledge to reach the
Theory, and Philosophy of Communication future. “The learning organization seems
(Effendy, 2003), there are 4 (four) types of to work on the assumption that “learning”
communication barriers, namely disturbances, is valuable, continuous, and most effective
interests, latent motivations and prejudices. when shared and that every experience is an
opportunity to learn” (Kerka, 1995).
There are 2 (two) types of interruptions
to the course of communication based A university that seeks opportunities
on its nature, which can be classified as in future global competition is those who
mechanical and semantic disturbances. continuously strive to improve the quality
Mechanical disturbance, ie disturbances of inputs and processes to produce outputs
caused by communication channels or physical that the market receives (Muhardi, 2000).
noise. Meanwhile, semantic disorder is the Healthy organizations allow universities to run
interference associated with communication their activities according to their vision and
messages which turn the understanding into mission, and meet the needs of stakeholders
misunderstanding (corrupted). (Kusmiati, 2015). Therefore, universities are
required to be able to create new innovations
Meanwhile, the latent motivations and
in the sustainability of their organizations,
interest factors will make a person selective
and to provide accountability regarding the
in responding or experiencing a message.
implementation and implementation of its
Latent motivation will encourage someone to
mission and functions to its stakeholders.
do something based on their wants, needs,
and shortcomings. The more appropriate
communication with a person’s motivation, the
Method
greater the likelihood that the communication
would be received properly by the parties This study uses case study method
concerned. Otherwise, if the communication to observe, elaborate, and explore the
is not in accordance with the motivation of informants who are managers of private
the communicant, it will be ignored. universities in West Java. The informants are
6 managers from different PTS, and they are
The prejudice factor is one of the
organizational communication actors, both
major obstacles or barriers to effective
internally and externally. For triangulation
communication. People who have prejudices
data, informants from Kopertis Region IV,
will be suspicious and oppose communicators
West Java-Banten, also being interviewed.
who want to launch communication.
The data collection techniques are
analyzed in several ways, namely: in-depth
PTS as a Learning Organization interviews conducted to 6 (six) informants
from private universities in West Java and
Senge (1990) underlined that a
Banten, and also to 3 (three) informants from
successful learning organization is indicated
Kopertis region of West Java And Banten;
by the following characteristics: the individual
Focus Group Discussion, attended by PTS
learning process works well; knowledge
managers, and Kopertis leaders related to
sharing process works well; corporate culture
planning and implementing organizational
supports learning processes and activities;
communication; Literature study, collecting
employees are motivated and fully supported
data and information from books, documents,
to be able to think critically and dare to take
files, and other written sources related to
risks on innovation and new ideas which
organizational communication.
he runs; and the organization holds that
employees have an important contribution to Processing and analysis of research
the organization progress. data is done by: 1) data reduction, that is
choosing and sorting the relevant data and
“Learning Organization are organizations
set aside the irrelevant or less relevant data;
where people continually expand their
2) categorization and tabulation of data, that
capacity to create the result they truly desire,
is grouping similar data to answer research
where new and expansive patterns of thinking
question; 3) interpretation and analysis data,
are nurtured, where collective aspiration is set
ie giving meaning and analyzing data to
free, and where people are continually learning
make second degree construction into model
to see the whole together” (Senge, 1990). So
or picture which is a research finding, then
that organizations are not only required to
analyze it by using theoretical framework
adapt to changes but also demanded to be
as reference; 4) drawing conclusions and
external. Finally, the contact person of (2002: 88), although in practice there are
PTS management in Kopertis is considered still some communication paths that jumped
unclear and often changed and making it or choked. As for the pattern of informal
difficult to communicate regularly about communication, there is generally a lot of
certain areas. Since the contact person in PTS grapevine, which is the flow of communication
management is considered less credible in messages that propagate like wine in all
the eyes of Kopertis, so that communication directions, if it is not controlled it can burden or
and information are often delayed and out inhibit the flow of formal communication and
of target. Information from Kopertis often make the organization less effective. Argris
does not spread widely to the academic suggested that to achieve the optimum level
community, or to the competent authority of of effectiveness requires a balance between
the private university concerned. the optimal (communication) approach,
on achieving the objectives, capability and
A third factor inhibiting communication
utilization of available manpower (Argyris,
is the process of communication, which
1964)
is still seen as linear, one-way, and few
opportunities for direct interaction. Message The communication skills profile of
flow is considered to be partially not well the PTS leaders in carrying out healthy,
integrated, too bureaucratic, and resulted accountable and reputable management
in the number of messages or information indicates the existence of various skills required
delayed and then delay in receiving by each in various communication contexts. Despite
PTS management from and to Kopertis. the main organizational communication skills,
other skills such as interpersonal, group, and
The fourth factor that becomes
social communication need to be owned by
the communication barrier in wasdalbin
the PTS management. Social communication
(monitoring, controlling, and maintaining)
skills are required by PTS management since
function is communication skill attached
it is not an organization that operates in a
to the PTS and Kopertis managers. These
vacuum, but needs to socially interact with
communication skills include group
the surrounding environment. There is still
communication skills, organizational
a strong cultural aspects and local wisdom
communication, interpersonal communication,
in PTS organization itself, which requires
and social communication that are considered
group communication skills and interpersonal
inadequate. In addition, media literacy and IT
communication.
capacity owned by PTS are also considered to
be improved. The inhibitors of supervision, control
and guidance of PTS by Kopertis, are generally
due to the interpretation and understanding
Pattern Interpretations, Skills Pro- of the message content and information
file, and Organizational Communica- technology constraints that have not been
tion Obstacles optimally utilized. The Kopertis itself has been
trying to build a communication system and
The organizational communication
services based on-line, but on the other hand,
pattern is a set of communication behaviors
there are many cultural communications of
and rituals performed by all members of
PTS which is not based on-line. There are still
the organization from the highest level of
many PTS managers and university lecturers
leaders to the lowest level of employees. The
who are not accustomed to communication
pattern of organizational communication is
based on-line.
largely determined by the communication
pattern of the organization’s leadership. Therefore, one of the obstacles of
Formal and informal communication organizational communication in performing
patterns intertwine with the rhythm and the wasdalbin function is the communication
flow that is controlled by organizational skills of PTS managers. According to Glaser,
managers. The same thing applied in PTS transformational personal communication
organizations. Leadership communication skills begin beginning with the trust between
patterns determine the direction, flow and leader and his subordinates. In the relationship
communication behavior, both formally and between a leader and his subordinates, it is
informally. The communication pattern and important that the relationship is based on
formal communication network conducted the mutual trust between them. To gain the
by PTS leaders, has referred to the ideal trust of his subordinates, a leader must have
communication pattern proposed by Ruslan credibility in the eyes of his subordinates.