PSYCHOLOGY

ASSIGNMENT
ON NERVOUS SYSTEM, NEURONS AND
ORGANISATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY

Submitted by,
Amrutha Chandran
H2435
MHR
 NERVOUS SYSYTEM
PURPOSE

 Coordinates all the activities of the body

 Enables the body to adapt and respond to changes within and outside the body
Central Nervous System
CNS consist of brain and spinal code
BRAIN
Brain consists of cerebrum, cerebellum, diencephalon, mid brain, pons and medulla oblongata.
Cerebrum consist of four lobes
1. Frontal – Reasoning and thought.
2. Parietal – Integrates sensory information.
3. Temporal – Process auditory information from the ears.
4. Occipital – Processing visual information from the eyes.
Cerebellum
Located below the cerebrum above the cervical of the neck.
Cerebellum consist of :
1. Muscle Coordination
2. Balance
3. Posture
4. Muscle Tone
Diencephalon
The thalamus directs sensory impulses to the cerebrum.
Hypothalamus
Control and regulates temperature appetite, water balance, sleep and blood vessel constriction
and dilation. It control anger, fear, pleasure and pain and affection.
Midbrain
Locates below cerebrum and responsible for eye and auditory reflexes.
Pons
Located below midbrain and responsible for certain reflex actions.
Medulla Oblongata
Located at the bottom of the brainstem and connects to spinal cord.
It regulates

 Heart and blood vessel function

 Digestion
 Respiration
 Swallowing
 Coughing
 Sneezing
 Blood pressure
It is also known as “the center for respiration”
SPINAL CHORD
The spinal chord is the link between the brain and the nerves in the rest of the body.
FOUR REGIONS

 Cervical regions
 Thoracic regions
 Lumbar regions
 Spinal nerves
Afferent: Carries information from the body to the brain.
Efferent: Carries information from the brain to the body.
Peripheral Nervous System
1. Somatic
2. Autonomic
Somatic Nervous System is responsible for carrying motor and sensory information. It is made
up of nerves that connect to skin, sensory organs, and skeletal muscles. It is responsible for
nearby all voluntary muscle movements. Processes sensory information from external stimuli
such as hearing, touch and sight.
Afferent Sensory Neurons takes information from the nerves to the Central Nervous system.
Efferent Motors Neurons

 Sympathetic nervous system

 Parasympathetic nervous system
 NEURON

The nervous system is defined by the presence of a special type of cell—the neuron/neurone or
nerve cell. Neurons different from other cells in a number of ways. Their most fundamental
property is that they communicate with other cells via synapses, which are membrane-to-
membrane junctions containing molecular machinery that allows rapid transmission of signals,
either electrical or chemical. Many types of neuron possess an axon, a protoplasmic protrusion
that can extend to distant parts of the body and make thousands of synaptic contacts. Axons
typically extend throughout the body in bundles called nerves.

Fig. A nerve cell.

Even in the nervous system of a single species such as humans, hundreds of different types of
neurons exist, with a wide variety of morphologies and functions. These include sensory
neurons that transmute physical stimuli such as light and sound into neural signals, and motor
neurons that transmute neural signals into activation of muscles or glands; however in many
species the great majority of neurons participate in the formation of centralized structures and
they receive all of their input from other neurons and send their output to other neurons.
 ORGANIZATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY

Fig. Walter Dill Scott

The study of industrial-organizational psychology originated in the United States in the early
1900s By Hugo Münsterberg and Walter Dill Scott. Its practical application developed largely
through the work of American industrial engineer Frederick W. Taylor. I-O psychology grew
rapidly after World War I and even more so after World War II.
Some I-O psychologists developed methods for personnel selection and training, while others
analyze managers’ styles and effectiveness or study ways to improve workplace morale, job
satisfaction, and productivity. The field of I-O psychology contributed to the development of
human factors engineering, or ergonomics, which involves designing equipment that can be
operated safely and efficiently.
Industrial-organizational psychology, formerly called industrial psychology, application of
concepts and methods from several subspecialties of the discipline such as learning, motivation,
and social psychology to business and institutional settings.

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