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RSTP and MST Interview Questions and Answers Search

What are the Port Roles in RSTP?

1. Root port - It is the port on the switch that has the best root path cost to the root bridge. This is identical
to 802.1D.
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2. Designated port - The switch port on a network segment that has the best root path cost to the root.
3. Alternate port - A port that has an alternative path to the root, di៛�erent from the path the root port Questions 

takes. This path is less desirable than that of the root port.
4. Backup port - A port that provides a redundant (but less desirable) connection to a segment where
another switch port already connects. If that common segment is lost, the switch might or might not have
a path back to the root.

What are di៛�erent port states in RSTP?

            
1. Discarding - Incoming frames simply are dropped; no MAC addresses are learned.This state combines
the 802.1D Disabled, Blocking, and Listening states.
2. Learning - Incoming frames are dropped, but MAC addresses are learned.
3. Forwarding - Incoming frames are forwarded according to MAC addresses that have been learned.

Explain RSTP BPDU's?       

RSTP distinguishes its BPDUs from 802.1D BPDUs as RSTP BPDU's version is set to 2. BPDUs are sent out
every switch port at hello time intervals, regardless of whether BPDUs are received from the root. When
three BPDUs are missed in a row, that neighbor is presumed to be down and all information related to the
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port leading to the neighbor is aged out. Also, some previously unused bits in the Message Type ៯�eld are Interview
used in RSTP BPDU's. Answe

What is Edge Ports and Point to point Ports?

Edge Port - Port on which end devices connect. Portfast is enabled on this port. As loop cannot form on
this port so it can be placed immediately in forwarding state. If a BPDU is received on edge port , it looses
its edge port status.
Point to point Port - These are ports that connect to other switch and becomes designated port. Full-
duplex ports are considered point to point because only two switches can be present on the link.

Explain RSTP convergence in terms of proposal and agreement?

In RSTP, BPDUs are exchanged back and forth in the form of a proposal and an agreement. One switch
proposes that its port becomes a designated port and if the other switch agrees it replies with an
agreement message.

Explain TCN in RSTP?

In RSTP, TCN BPDU is not sent to root bridge instead the switch on which the change happens will itself
send TCN BPDU to all other switches. BPDU's with their TCN bit set are sent out on all non-edge designated
ports.

What is the command to change mode to RSTP?

Switch(con៯�g)# spanning-tree mode rapid-pvst

Explain MST?
Multiple Spanning Tree Protocol maps one or more vlans to single STP instance. Multiple instances of STP
can be used with each instance supporting a di៛�erent group of VLANs. Instance zero is by default on a
switch. Any non-mapped Vlan is assigned to instance Zero.

What is MST region?

Every switch in a MST region runs MST with compatible parameters. Within the region, all switches must
run the instance of MST that is de៯�ned by the following attributes:
1. MST con៯�guration name.
2. MST con៯�guration revision number.
3. MST instance-to-VLAN mapping table.
If two switches have the same set of attributes, they belong to the same MST region.

How two MST regions communicate?

Two MST regions communicate through CST (Common Spanning Tree).

Explain M-Record?
In MST, one switch calculates hash for particular instance and send it to other switch. Other switch will
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