MATH REVIEWER 1st QUARTER HOW TO KNOW IF THE GIVEN IS A PERFECT SQUARE

TRINOMIAL
SPECIAL PRODUCTS
1. Find the square root of the first term
- Are products that occur frequently in algebra 2. Find the square root of the last term/third term
and have patterns which make them easy to 3. Multiply the square root of the first term with
obtain the last term, then by 2
POLYNOMIALS WITH COMMON MONOMIAL FACTOR 4. If the answer is correct, then it is a perfect
square trinomial
- One type of special product are the polynomials
with common monomial factor SQUARE OF A BINOMIAL
PRIME POLYNOMIAL
(𝑥 + 𝑦)2 = (𝑥 + 𝑦)(𝑥 + 𝑦)
- Any polynomial whose greatest common
monomial factor is 1 is described as prime = 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 2
polynomial
(𝑥 − 𝑦)2 = (𝑥 − 𝑦)(𝑥 − 𝑦)
- A prime polynomial has only two factors; 1 and
the polynomial itself = 𝑥 2 − 2𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 2
TRINOMIALS THAT ARE SQUARE OF BINOMALS SQUARE OF A MULTINOMIAL

- (𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏)2 = 𝑎2 𝑥 2 + 2𝑎𝑏𝑥 + 𝑏 2 - The square of a multinomial is equal to the sum

- A trinomial that results from squaring a of the squares of each term, plus twice the
binomial is said to be a perfect square trinomial product of all possible combinations of all the
terms taken two at a time
TRINOMIALS THAT ARE PRODUCT OF TWO BINOMIALS

- (𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑦)(𝑐𝑥 + 𝑑𝑦) = 𝑎𝑐𝑥 2 + (𝑏𝑐 + 𝑎𝑑)𝑥𝑦 + 𝑏𝑑𝑦 2 EXAMPLE:

BINOMIALS THAT ARE PRODUCT OF A SUM AND (𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐)2 = (𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐)(𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐)

DIFFERENCE OF TWO TERMS
= 𝑎2 +𝑏 2 + 𝑐 2 + 2𝑎𝑏 + 2𝑎𝑐 + 2𝑏𝑐
1. (𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑦)(𝑎𝑥 − 𝑏𝑦) = 𝑎2 𝑥 2 − 𝑏 2 𝑦 2
FACTORING
2. (𝑥 + 𝑦)(𝑥 2 − 𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 2 ) = 𝑥 3 +𝑦 3
3. (𝑥 − 𝑦)(𝑥 2 + 𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 2 ) = 𝑥 3 − 𝑦 3 - Is the reverse process of multiplication

EXAMPLES: COMMON MONOMIAL FACTORS

COMMON MONOMIAL - When a number or a polynomial is factored, it is

rewritten as a product of two or more factors
Polynomial Factors Special Products
- A polynomial said to be factored into prime
3x + 7 2 6x+14 GCF:2
6𝑥 2 + 8𝑥𝑦 GCF:2x factors if it is expressed as the product of two or
3x + 4y 2x
2
4𝑥 𝑦 + 3 4𝑦 2 16𝑥 2 𝑦 3 + 12𝑦 2 GCF: 4y 2 more irreducible polynomials of the same type
TRINOMIALS THAT ARE SQUARES OF BINOMIALS - A polynomial is factored completely if each of
its factors can no longer be expressed as
(𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏)2 = (𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏)(𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏) product of two other polynomials of lower
degree and that the coefficient have no
= 𝑎2 𝑥 2 + 2𝑎𝑏𝑥 + 𝑏 2
common factors
(2𝑥 + 5)2 = 4𝑥 2 + 20𝑥 + 25
GREATEST COMMON FACTORS EXAMPLE:

- The greatest common factor (GCF) is the largest (𝑥 + 𝑦)2 = 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 2

number that a set of numbers or polynomials
(𝑥 − 𝑦)2 = 𝑥 2 − 2𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 2
have in common.
PST: 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 2 = (𝑥 + 𝑦)2
EXAMPLE:

(𝑥 + 𝑦)(2𝑎) + (𝑥 + 𝑦)(𝑏) = (𝑥 + 𝑦)(2𝑎 + 𝑏) √𝑥 2 = 𝑥

𝑥 ∙ 𝑦 ∙ 2 = 2𝑥𝑦
COMMON MONOMIAL FACTORING √𝑦 2 = 𝑦

1. Find the greatest common (GCF) of the terms in FACTORS OF SUM AND DIFFERENCE OF TWO CUBES
the polynomial. This is the first factor
2. Divide each terms by the GCF to get the other Factoring a Sum of Cubes:
factor
- Grouping the terms in a polynomial is also a a3 + b3 = (a + b)(a2 – ab + b2)
useful technique in factoring. Some polynomials
can be factored by grouping terms in such a Factoring a Difference of Cubes:
way as to get polynomials with special factors.

FACTORS OF DIFFERENCE OF TWO SQUARES a3 – b3 = (a – b)(a2 + ab + b2)

STEPS IN FACTORING THE SUM OR DIFFERENCE OF
- The product of sum and difference of two
numbers was the difference between two
TWO CUBES
squares 1. Get the cube root of each cube
2. Taking the operation between the cubes,
FACTORING THE DIFFERENCE OF TWO SQUARES
obtain a binomial factor using the cube roots
1. Get the principal square root of each of the two in steep 1
square
3. From the second trinomial factor as follows
2. Using these square roots, form two factors, one
is sum, and the other is difference a. Square the first two cube root
b. Multiply the two cube roots
EXAMPLE:
c. Square the second cube root
2
(𝑥 + 𝑦)(𝑥 − 𝑦) = 𝑥 − 𝑦 2
𝑥 3 −𝑦 3 = (𝑥 − 𝑦)(𝑥 2 + 𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 2 )
𝑥 2 − 𝑦 2 = (𝑥 + 𝑦)(𝑥 − 𝑦)
3√𝑥 3 = 𝑥 3√𝑦 3 = 𝑦
√𝑥 2 = 𝑥 √𝑦 2 = 𝑦
FRACTIONS
FACTORS OF THE PERFECT SQUARE TRINOMIAL
𝑎
- A rational number in the form 𝑏 , where 𝑏 ≠ 0
FACTORING PERFECT SQUARE TRINOMIALS (PST)
is called a fraction
1. Get the square roots of the first and last terms
SIMPLIFYING FRACTIONS
2. Use the sign of the middle term between these
roots 1. Find the GCF
3. Square the binomial obtained in step 2 2. Divide the numerator and denominator to the
GCF
OPERATIONS COMPLEX FRACTIONS

MULTIPLICATION - Have fractions on their numerator or

denominator, or in both
1. Multiply the numerator by the numerator.
SIMPLIFYING COMPLEX FRACTIONS
2. Multiply the denominator by the denominator.
BY COMBINING TERMS

- Express the numerator and denominator of the

complex fraction as simple fractions. Then
DIVISION divide the fractions and simplify

- Multiply by its reciprocal BY MULTIPLYING THE LCD

- Multiply the numerator and denominator of the

complex fraction by the LCD of the minor
denominators

RATIONAL ALGEBRAIC EXPRESSION

Adding and Subtracting Fractions with Like
Denominators - Is nothing more than a fraction in which the
numerator and/or the denominator are
- Just add or subtract the numerators, and write
polynomials.
the result over the same denominator.
SIMPLIFYING RATIONAL EXPRESSION

- To simplify a rational expression you have to

eliminate all factors that are common of the
numerator and the denominator. To accomplish
Adding and Subtracting Fractions with Unlike
Denominators this use the greatest common factor (GCF) of
the factors e.g.
- If the denominators are not the same, then
you have to use equivalent fractions which
do have a common denominator. To do this,
you need to find the least common multiple
(LCM) of the two denominators.