(si96POWNT LOAD test 8 Suggested Method for Determining Point Load Strength score, ay The Poot Load Suengh tet is intended as an ‘alex et forte srength ciasteson of ck mate Senay ago te wed to predict oter strength ve eter wih wich i eorlad, for expe tl ene and compresive seth {ay The tes rears the Pont Load Sten Index (ee trockspeamens and thee Seng ADH {ER Ug wench the eto of Point Load Seats Insticedons hich pve the greatest and est value, 1G) Rook specmer i the form of ther coe (ME dose and ei es) 6 Blak (be block 1. OF fei pe (he irer hp tes are broken by [ppicaton concntted eat through «pai of sree wencted conical pltns? Lite o ses tren pueparaon i eee aye tet canbe performed with portable equp- oat ring bortery fering machin. and 0 8 ‘Be onde ita nthe Bel or the 2. The testing machine (Fig. 1 coms of Tonding sytem fo he porable seston peal compre 8 ing ep, an ten en for Inesuing te Bead requ to break the spent, id aye for measuring the stance D between the ‘ho plten cont pos (bat see) below). Leating tm 3a) The lading system should havea plateto- ats eearange tn ls ting of 0c speimens i The requree, se. sunge Typically this range TS 100 wo hata adjustable clearance ede 10 commode oth sal se large specimens. Toe loading capac teal be suet beak coe lrg a strongest pecaens 10 te feted? {c) The tet machine souls be designed and onc: vedio iat ie doe not permanemy isin during Tepeated apa of he main! 48 98 30 (ae tie ate roman cou within £020 ‘ivowphout he eng. No spel eat orate non: ‘ip omponen i permigedIn the fading em Taaing ye in seni to voi problems of Siege wher specimens of Seglar geometry are teed {Uy Spheity- tuned con pans of he an ant peomey shown in Fig. 2 a8 Lo Be ws. The cane and Sm ras sper platen tip sad mee ‘Soyentiys The platens shuld be of are materi ‘ek tangaen carte ot hanes that they emul ngage Sing esting Load measwing stem “(a) Thea seasrng stem. or exam 8a cell or shydrete peste gage oF atsdee con fected othe fam, sould perm terminioon of te Tre tnd eqused to break especie shoud nov to te Fegsements (0) tug telow Tb) Nessutemens of P shoud te fo af accra oft ah ater respective ofthe sie ard wena specimen ha ese [Gh Tessie ete ein! to hydraue shack a sibation so that the nsuracy of readings i No 36 vs fled by repeated testing Ta) Fare hen siden and 2 masknam lod nding vice eens Chat Ue Tare fad is ‘aie sd cen be rcorded afer each tt Li bsSa) The isance measring stem, for example 2 tet reding veal or diplacment Waser, 10 Fermi mensvenen of the aatance” D between {pecnenpsten conti! pins and shoulaconfor wth reoureronts () trough (0) below {b} Measurements of D sould Beto an axarey of Pp or beer expsive of the ie of species vied (6) The system to be essa to hydra shock and tration so tat the aseuracy of readings snot 3 ‘evel anced by repeated ei. {G) Themeanunng stem sboud allow a eeok ofthe sro dulaeet vac when te wo platens ae in contac. and should prefeabiy ince a zer0 ads 16) AR insrumeet such a calprs ora tel ule i requed, measure te with Hof opemens Fr al bitike dimer est PROCEDURE Specimen selection and preparation ‘(a)A test samples dened a seo rock specimens of ima sueagh for which a single Pint Load ‘Stengh vale (0B determined. (0) The text sample of rock core oF fragments i 10 conta scent specimens conforming wih the ze tnd shape requirements for dame. asia Mock or Irae lump esting peed tl (G1 For romine testing and elistetich species ston bette ke aly watersport oat tht 7 The tet equipment should be ptially ca vated ine ao ncependey cried load el inde a daplcement Becks ebeckng the P nd D reads ‘er the fl range of loaded apace: prtes, The dame la) Core specimens with engthidmter ratio eater tan bare saab for dismetal ting, (@) There abouts preferably be a leas 10 test per sample, more if he sample is beeogeneos or ae (0) The specie i inserted inthe test machine aod tbe platens sowed to mae sont slong # soe de eter erring tha the dance L between cont Pitan the terest ree end a eat tines tbe ure ameter (Fig a) (a) The dstace Ds recorded + 25° (e) The lod ten nested fh tat fale cxcuis within 10-40, andthe fare Id Ph ‘ecored” The ust should be rected va he Pa esse te oe am hei) ad aoe np 126seo POINT LOAD Test ca) ‘@ yp mate him tA a 0 oo frstace snc passes (Fig a. he prod) hough) above pent for ihe remaining specie in te samp sh enly oe ang pose he aval ts a) Core specimens with fnghsiametes ratio of 03-10 ate abl for anal foing (Ft. 10). Long fpeses of core can be ted amet to produce abe lenge for rbrequent axial esting (povied That thy ae not weakend by this tial est alee: they suabe specimens can be obey sweating rei sping (@) There shold preferably beat fest 10 tests er sample, more if the samples hletogeteous oF ane (0 The specimen i ier in the est machine and he pens coed to mae contact long ie perpen cule to the cre end faces (i the case of iotro Fock, the sore i, Bal see pagraph 11 and Fit 3) {@) The stance betwee platen onset pons recorded 2," The pecmen vats ppl 10 the loading ertion Sr eorded #575" (e) The loud stay incesed uch ha fare occurs within 10-40 45, and the flte oud Ps ‘corded. ‘The tet should be reid a alii the fracture srace pases hough ely one ‘uding Font ie, (b The procedures (through (shove are repeated forthe rnin toss nthe sample The block and ireplar lanp ss O(a) Rock boets omg of ae $038 mm and ofthe Shape showin Fig.) a0 (2) ae sabe for the hock andthe regu famp tests The rato DW? ‘Should be betwecn © 3 and 10, preferably lose to 10he distance & (Fi. Sand should be at eas 03. Specnenn of thie and shape may be sect’ if Stacy be prepared hy emoing er Bees tyawor eaeleuting bj There shold preferably beat lest 10 ess per sampl, mor i the rack tr helropneous ab (es The specimen insert in he esting machine and toe poten cloud to make contaet withthe smallest tien of the Imp or Beck. avayTrom eds and fvnes (Fg. and Uy The Sstane D beeen pnten conte points scored + 2, The salt secnen with W perpen Cielo tote loading etion recorded 8% I the Side are ot pure. then is elelted os (hes Ways sown Fig. 38° Ths alles wiih Wied urapecte of he etal mode of are (igs Te) The Jad i steady incemed such that fare cers ihn 10-40, ade Tare Dead Ps forded The tx shouldbe rj as invalid i the retrace psy tough only ane loudg pin! {see ecampls for ther shapes it Fig oF) the proved c though above is repented for the temaning est he Spl. Ansrrpi ck 1 (a) When rok sample shay ede, shine or exervie obcrnby antral shoul be ested in vectons whch ee thee and east sength Tales bic et getal pre! snd mal tothe plane of amstrny {by tbe sample conte of core did hough the eae ples st of amet et may becom Siete fst spaced at ilraie wiih wll el pees Shien cam then be sted ax (0) Bes saute obtained when the core ais i spend (6 the plans of weakness. so tat when ‘ove the sore should be dil in his econ. The rele between the core axs and the normal to the ‘Makes ples shuld preferbly aot exceed 30 (a) For menarement Of the I value i the directions test snp cae soul be aken ese tat oa ‘apne slong’ single meres lane Siar when tea forthe aise ine aiection of retest Srengh cre shoul! be an oer thatthe od it fled perpedilr'y to the weakness las (Fg 5) "ef the sample coos of backs or ureula amps, itehould be teed ato sub-sampes, wh oad apie fist perpen othe along te observable planes tween’ Again he foqued imum sength “aac obuined when the pens mae coma slong ‘inl lane af weakness scored pot oad srenh 1D. The Uncorrected Punt Load Siength fk Inia PD} where De “quale core diameter m8 is even by j=? or dameel tet = 44 for asa, Hoek and lamp tests: and = WD = minimum cross sectional aes of a plane though the platen somact pis” al vei a anton of Din th ims et anda fron of Dinas bok nd rep ur {eto that ae cacecton mst be apie te aban ‘ong Pont Loud Stent value forthe rok mpl fad oe that ean be wed for pusposes of rock eng ‘Suet, (0) The sinecorrecad Point Load Suengt ne Le o's rok specmen of sample defines 95 the value of Ithat would bave been meatored By a dame Tt uh b= sham {c) The moat reliable method of tuning om: Pe fered when» pres rock slaeation teeta 10 fondu dimer! tts to close to D'= Sam. Sze Correction then either unacessty (D = 30) oF Invoducesa minum of ero. The ters the aso ‘ample for dam! fets on NX core D= Sm ‘hie proceure st not mandatory. Most pois fxd seenth esting in at done sing othe sie or apes bf specinen In such eases, tee correction 0 Oe) fetow mast be apes (G) The mont Fable method of ze correc i 16 raphy the relation beweenP snd D! Ia log log Plots sed the reution generally a stright te Fi Pointe tat deviate bean fom the aight ie tay be degra although hey shoul no. be de (ice the vale of Py conresponing to D! = 250 me (2: SD) can then be obaied by aterplation. VF Fac 6 Pan fr pte deci 2 nf 2“| a at | necessary by extrapolation, en these coretd Pint {ad Stauth Index estate a8 Po "e) When acer) nr () 8 practcal for example whe esting gl sed cove a & lamer ote ta Sam oti ony new sal pees ae aval, size oraz may be accomplihed by wing the formule hon Pt, “The "Sieg Cometon Factor Fan be ebaine fromn hart in Fig oF fom the expresion PqDys0r* Fortes ea the standard 0m si, very ie eror ‘Stoduced 49 useg the approximate expression F= JO) The size cotestion procedures species in this paragraph have bee found ote aplable esas Erthe gree of anisovopy ly and the diction of Teading with repeat to panes of weakness, ares that trent enhances the ules ofthis Tes. Mean sae cloation 14) Men value of 2 ine i (6) below ae to be ed when lasing samples wih regard other Pom Load sieegth and Point Loud Suen Anio- trop ladies. 1B) The mean vale of fu 10 be exuated by Aeleting te two highest ad test valves fom the 10 tr more valid tnt apd eleiting the pean of the ‘ersning values. I sgieanly fewer specmers ate Tete, ony the highest and owes values are (0 be (skied andthe meat elated rom those eaiing” Point iad srengh ansoropy index 15. The Stength Anisuopy Tes lief asthe rato of mean Tyg values messued perpendicular are to pane of weaken, Ie uo of greatest to east Poin Lond Seng Ides: yy asume aes ‘how to U0 for quastsptopc rocks tnd Nhe values, tren the ook ansourOpe 16, Rew for diame tea, xia ess, black est ander mp tx a Tor tts ere an rll to planet of wesknes should” >= tabulted Separately oe pia rests form, Fig 80 The report ‘Rou conan calibration data fo he est machine sé {eu he flowin formation or each spl exe (G)Thesamgic number surcelocation an rocky. andthe saute andi st onenttion of ry plies of tistopy or weakness. "py Teformaton on the wtercontei af erock athe time of tein To) Tformtion on wich specimens were Toned pall (7). perpendular (A) or at unknown or Fandom dretons with spect to planes of weabess {G) A ablation ote values of PD, (1D aD, st regted fy (Pf eguted) and ly fr ach seer ove sample c} Fora stropic amples a sumary tabulation of sean ay tales. {i Fora anvotrpl samples, summary tabulation ofan I efor eb amples sed perpen nd pave to the phoer of weakness and of the ‘orrerpending. i aes 1. When ft introduced he point oa senth test nas aed any to pred nial eompresive strength ‘Thet was then the ened tes or geval purpose ct erengh ensieaton. Pont load sven D0 tte replaces una compresivesseng a this role Since when property conducted its sel ad much {tucker tomeatre. Ing shoul eed ect Tr rock SGsscaion, nce eorltions wth will com frseve strength are only appouinat. On avers, Teal compresvesength 620-25 ies point las Stent. a shown in Fig, 9. However, ints on any “erent rok types th eto can vary betwee 15 ad So epi for atric rook, tht eres of Up to 10% are pole ning my areary ai vale 10 ‘edit comprenive seengh trom pont oad sreagth ‘The point load suegih testis form of “inet Ten tent, thi argely elevan fo teary fol in sock chsifeation and enghebaracterzation Te pproximately O80 fines the unxial tense or Brolin ene stent SOF the for altertive forms of this ces the isa tet ad heal tet wth set fers we thereon aerate perormed nen he stars 90mm ‘ie and ae pefered for sueng casvation whet (Gores aalitle Aual et specimens yah avec fice ‘an easly be cui fam lare ble samples by ‘Shring it the laboratory Specimens inthis frm aDote sze81a3 Leod Test Fe Fel eeepanstartmatabet ie morecctaer metre Serafin akan ane amore hese edoacreataraae seer obec ae eee aecareeemoe (Sees we dt senatvy of the equipment are adequate 1 may Se ecesy Io change the oad asasunng ae oF lod fel orf tet smaller or lger specimens to confor trib the cpecty of svaate aipment or wth the euray peitons for tis Wet “tTye conc piten desis ts itended 0 give sandatdiaed penton of afer specimens. When teting confined to hard rocks and smal! (sth Tm penetrations the consat depts ceporant provided tht the tip vais remains atthe standard Sin, For sich esting the paten cam be manutd ‘embedding wav tec oe tngsen carte al inee eae Spraone eg a sofes metal ba of any geometry that lense tha “Sh he papi in comtat with the rok af a quck rettecing ram's wed to reduce the delay etwas either the ram return spring Fore andr Frcuon shoud ogee be es than about 5 of the talon loud to be measured doi Tsing. oF 29 independent loud cl ther thn ano peste seuse ‘howl be wed for oud determination. These frees can {espaean when feng weaker and smal spe i sigicantlatenyentationccus the dimen: sion D's be una in caeiaung. pet lad tenth Should be he vue D peasued attention of fle, ‘ch wl be tale than the etl valve sugges oragrpts 8) 6) and OK). The ror suming ote sna ales nelipble when the spree Steg orstrone. The fare ve may ainaye be wd an alteratve othe tal ale ads pefered it the equipment allows co be measured (for example by tera! maximuradeatng oad and dsplacement jearemand). When eng specimens that ae sale {han 25m, rec ae ock area pales. equipment (beeen yeadout sly neces) to obtain the ‘Rovired musing sarc and shold be designed 0 (esol at inure, Mensremeats of or D ade pevpeniclr tthe ie amin the plates ae sot ete aod te retained atthe orga values The {te o Dy fr sng anton ca ten e Found xD for cores ero tr ater mars 1 Decne this es tended pinay a a simple and peat! one for fll cassia of rock rate Sh the rue relating To sete se, shape Suber of tenet, can when neces be eae 0 rere patie Hnations. Such molieatins £0 ‘rosdore thou however be clay stated in te ep Fy 1 fen beter to obin strength vals of ines rein han none a al For emp, ck i ofen {oo broken or sey to provide specmers of the esl Sees and shapes, or may be aval i uted qua: {ies sch when th est ase log te rent flere In cove loging appliatons the once oF “Spl hs lle marin a ust art oen cond tedntanarbary depth neva sy on st every I Sri Gepenting tbe apparent vapaliy ov Foumiy of crengh the core and te total leneth ‘tre ta be arengtlogse. A's or all engi tests om racks, point load suengh varies wth the water content of he Specines {The taiations are parbulrypronoueed for mater muratins below 5%, Oven did species, for en les ae wry very mach stronger has mist ones. At (rner saturations above SO the stengih lest Tatunced by smal changes fn water coment, 50 thal essa wer cote range ae ecorstened ues Nt on ry rock ae specially reqs ‘Allejcinene aa spe shoul be tested at similar ne defied wate content ad one th appODN ‘Neo the projet for wich the est cata ae eed Fe seing of sistcu supe, at afte ye Tinga ors a metod Tor texing athens er onen I ponie,eercl a sbouke Be ge fo both water coment ad degre of saturation tte tie ff toning Toe ISRO Soqgested Metnod for Water Conn Beteriation shoei be employed Whether or Sot water content measurements canbe made, the Sapl soraprcondtens and dey berween sampling Tal ving shoal he pte Some soeuchrs ago favour of measuring ss ibe minimum denon ofthe fare surface fer testing rather than ofthe spcinen bere aie Che ‘German standard forth tats a6 exampe) Point oad Senge computed using the two. altmatve 7 fetintons say ile Sight. Tbe musi specimen timenuon sernatve bas ben adopted is Saget Method mainly because us quicker ayd eater 0 eure, parca i the Bld when rgments of broken specimens ar easy Host TO. Commonly the shores dimension of atu ossuring anso.opc ok ump perpen 1 He Seana planes Ti The Se corvesion fcr chart (Fi 1) is derived feo ata eres tes lamella axl fom teste on Boek an eglr Tongs, or reks of ous scent, and gies ah averaged fet Some {eke do wot confor (0 this behaviout 1d ze CO esto shoul teefore he conser #5 approxinate ‘retodsalough sficeet Tor snest paca rock ‘sineatonapctons When large suber fess Seto te ron onthe same ype of eck it may be ‘Shantapeour ot por a sere often Siero btaia«paph of fad sD? as in ig. 6 the ‘Tope of oc» g-og graph is determined a", the Ser conection victor then (0,30)" where ocd nn) Ths can ter be ealesatd deco” 2 ‘art contre12, Mean suk or smal popoatios are gery ‘otter meaures wh te exree aloes 76 8 Shade tb slit buausocearny Ry Gl igi ee SE ie ute pens ‘ooh nf Caan fat gor, ey a Bi Men Sek Ceomeh. Ab, TH, BID (70, CELE doe te BS Ce Sa ener ‘et Abbe arrmrmerrae ae * Spar Bocce th Sot Semartiacamete TE ewe erg erg Seger ire tates Sas 2 Sees ono onl tt Berio Sy Ma te Sea iresee caer Peers erer iret Sa ee er ema ot