Professional Documents
Culture Documents
A research paper
ABM
Gementiza, Roda C.
March 2017
Acknowledgement
The researchers greatly acknowledged the following whose continuous support and
Ms. January Santiago, the practical research teacher, for her continuous encouragement
which inspired the researchers to finish the thesis and for her efforts in checking the preliminary
The faculty and the administration for their willingness to strengthen the research
program of the school through encouragement and guidance they offer to the researchers which
The families of the researchers for their inspiration and extended support; and,
The Almighty God for the gift of life, wisdom, good health, and the guidance that He
The study entitled, “Study Habits of English Grade 8 students of Domingo P. Boquiren
National High School concerning their Academic Performances,” is conducted to the Junior
High School Students of DPBNHS during the second quarter of School Year 2019 -2020. Study
habits play a very important role in the life of students. The success or failure of each student
depends upon his study habits. Of course, a study is an art and as such it requires practice. Some
students study more but they fail to achieve more. Others study less but achieve more. The
success of each student depends upon the ability, intelligence, and effort of students. The
qualitative method is used in the study, in which objectives are to name the factors which affect
the study habits of the Junior High School students of Domingo P. Boquiren NHS, how study
habits affect the academic performance of the said students and investigate the relationship
between the two variables. For this study, the researchers design a self-administered
questionnaire for the data gathering process to achieve the main objective of the study. The
primary aim of the questionnaire is to determine the respondents’ profile according to the factors
which affect the study habits, including time management, study environment, and use of social
media. Results imply that most of the respondents believe that their study habits are affected by
their time management, study environment, and use of social media and that these factors impact
their academic performance. Another important finding shows a high-level of Junior High
School Students’ academic performance is greatly influenced by their use of social media, which
is a said factor that affects the students’ academic performance. However, gender does not
significantly impact the factors that affect the study habits of the respondents. Generally, all of
the said factors tend to significantly affect the academic performance of the respondents.
However, gender does not significantly impact the factors that affect the study habits of the
respondents. Generally, all of the said factors tend to significantly affect the academic
.
Table of Contents
Chapter Page
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
2. Theoretical Framework
Definition of Terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
3. Research Methodology
Research Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
1
CHAPTER 1
Introduction
A student’s level of intelligence is said to be reflected by the grades that one attains.
When a student gets a high grade, it is concluded that one has learned a lot, and if not, the
student would most likely have attained lesser learning. Nevertheless, there are numerous factors
that greatly affect the grades of every students such as the intelligence quotient, study habits, age,
year, social status, etc. But, it has long been recognized that in the process of learning the study
The study will be conducted inside the Caduceus Hall, the Senior High School building
of the Davao Doctors College. The school is known for excellence in offering medical related
courses recently welcome Senior High School students. Seemingly, the Senior High School
students take a quarterly examination as part of school curriculum. The students have ample time
in hand to study and master the lessons he or she acquired during the course of time. The
learning environment in the edifice generates various effects towards the participants. Therefore,
At this point in time, the researchers would like to investigate the possible relationship of
study habits and the factors affecting to it to the academic performance of the Senior High
School students of Davao Doctors College. The research findings of the study will provide basis
and awareness not just for students but as well as the teachers and school administration
2
Earlier studies reveal that most of the problem that contributes to poor performance in
tests and examination were lack of proper study. Most students are devoting less time to their
Recently, the popular trend of social media occupies greater fraction to these factors. In
the Philippines, there are now 47 million Facebook users according to Internet Society. This
means that students spend more time on it rather than studying or revising their lesson. Thus,
According to Hussain (2000) study habit refers to predispositions which students have
developed towards private readings through a period of time. According to him, study habit is a
A great deal of research provides evidence that study habits and study attitudes are both
significant variables, which determine the academic performance of students. Yet, in spite of the
perceived importance of study habits and study attitudes to academic achievement, it seems that
education institution still pay little attention to understanding these factors (Baquiran, 2011).
Performance of Higher Primary Students,” study habits play a very important role in the life of
students. Success or failure of each student depends upon his own study habits. Of course, study
is an art and as such it requires practice. Some students study more but they fail to achieve more.
Others study less but achieve more. Success of each student definitely depends upon ability,
intelligence and effort of students. No doubt, regular study habits bring their own rewards in the
The study intended to find out the factors affecting the study habits of the English Grade
8 students of Domingo P. Boquiren National High School and how these factors influence the
1. What are the factors affecting the study habits of the Senior High School students of
This study limits its coverage only to the Junior High School English Grade 8 students of
Domingo P. Boquiren National High School for the School Year 2019-2020. The study will
focus on the factors affecting the study habits on the academic performance of the students. The
primary data will be descriptive in nature to determine an actual representation of the students’
perspective in the study. The respondents will be randomly selected, which compromises 20
This research aims to benefit students, specifically Junior High School students, and also
the administration of Domingo P. Boquiren National High School in a way for them to be able to
understand the factors in the students’ study habits which affect their academic performance. It is
important to have a clear understanding on what hinders and improves one’s educational
achievement. Hence, this assimilation will provide deeper awareness for the beneficiaries on how
the relationships of these variables affect one another. Results concluded in this research can aid
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the school administration in enhancing the curriculum and strategies toward a more effective
delivery of learning. Teachers will also be help in understanding better diversity of learning of
their students and develop more effective teaching strategies, and teacher-student relationship in
CHAPTER 2
THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
This chapter aims to provide strong foundation to this study which contains gathered
research works of different literature and references by the researchers. It covers the review of
relevant literatures which is explained accordingly. These are presented to determine the
connection of various findings and theories in relation to the independent and dependent
variables.
Study habits are termed as the methods of study of students. Study habits are student’s
ways of studying whether systematic, efficient or inefficient (Ayodele & Adebiyi, 2013)
implying that efficient study habits produces positive academic performance while inefficient
study habits leads to academic failure. Marquez (2009) also pointed out that a student who is
successful in his desired career has good study habits. In line with this, she stated that students
should apply these habits to all of their classes. She also suggested that the students should not
try to study all the subjects in a single period. However, every students has his own study habits
depending on his preferences with regards to the duration of time devoted in studying , what
place or environment would be the best venue to study , the study skills and techniques will the
student utilizes during his study and more. It will depend upon the person if he is voluntarily
interested in studying or be prompted by the distraction of the social networking sites such as
facebook , twitter , instagram, tumblr, etc. which all of these can be easiliy accessed through
their phones and majority of the students possesses a smartphone as what they’ve called
it. Studying is the key to excel in one’s academic performance, because it not only prepares a
student to excel in class but reinforces the lessons that already been taught.
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placement, be it in the academic institutions or job placement. Due to this, many people are
concerned with the ways they can enhance their academic achievement. The emphasis on
academic excellence which is also prevalent worldwide has encouraged many studies about the
conditions promoting it. The role of academic achievement as one of the predictors of one’s life
success and also in the aspect of academic placement in schools to higher institutions as well as
major goals of a school. Hoyle (1986) argued that schools are established with the aim of
imparting knowledge and skills to those who go through them and behind all this is the idea of
of education, the extent to which a student, teacher or institution has achieved their educational
but there is no general agreement on how it is best tested or which aspects are most important,
procedural knowledge such as skills or declarative knowledge such as facts (Annie, Howard &
Mildred, 1996).
Time management has been referred to as a set of techniques for managing, planning and
appropriate using of time. According to Steel (2007) procrastination consists of the intentional
performance (Klassen, Krawchuk & Rajani, 2008). Academic procrastination also was defined as
leaving academic tasks, such as preparing for exams and doing homework to the last minute and
to feel discomfort out of this (Çapan, 2010). Anecdotally, it has been suggested that
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approximately 95% of all college students procrastinate (Ellis & Knaus, 1977). Other researchers
have estimated the prevalence of procrastination among college students to vary between 25%
and 50% depending on the type of academic tasks being completed (Solomon & Rothblum,
1984). Furthermore, several studies have found a moderate to strong negative correlation
between academic procrastination and academic performance (Van Eerde, 2003). For college
students particularly, academic procrastination has been associated with guilt, stress,
neuroticism, low self-esteem and low grades (Fritzsche, Young & Hickson, 2003).
A direct relationship exists between Social media usage and the academic performance of
students in universities. However, the darker side within technological evolution has resulted in
dilemmas such as the setback of real values of life especially among students who form the
majority of users interacting through the use of social networking sites. Online social networking
sites focus on building and reflecting social associations among people who share interests and
or activities. With so many social networking sites displayed on the internet, students are
tempted to abandon their homework and reading times in preference for chatting online with
friends. Many students are now addicted to the online rave of the moment, with Facebook,
Twitter etc. Today most youths and students possess Facebook accounts. The reason most of
them perform badly in school might not be far- fetched. While many minds might be quick to
blame the poor quality of teachers, they might have to think even harder, if they have not heard
of the Facebook frenzy (Oche & Aminu .2010). Olubiyi (2012) noted that these days’ students
are so engrossed in the social media that they are almost 24 hours online. Even in classrooms and
lecture theatres, it has been observed that some students are always busy pinging, 2going or
Facebooking, while lectures are on. Times that ought be channeled towards learning, academic
research and innovating have been crushed by the passion for meeting new friends online, and
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most times busy discussing trivial issues. Hence most students’ academics suffer setback as a
result of distraction from the social media. In (Obi, Bulus, Adamu &Sala’at2012), it was
observed that the use of these sites also affect students’ use of English and grammar. The
students are used to short forms of writing words in their chat rooms; they forget and use the
same in the classrooms. They use things like 4 in place of for, U in place of You, D in place of
The etc. and this could affect their class assessment. Social networking sites although has been
recognized as an important resource for education today, studies however shows that students
use social networking sites such as Facebook for fun, to kill time, to meet existing friends or to
make new ones (Ellison, Steinfield, and Lampe 2007). Although it has been put forward that
students spends much time on participating in social networking activities, with many students
blaming the various social networking sites for their steady decrease in grade point averages
(Kimberly, Jeong and Lee, 2009), it also shows that only few students are aware of the academic
and professional networking opportunities the sites offered. According to Kuppuswamy and
Shankar (2010), social network websites grab attention of the students and then diverts it towards
non-educational and inappropriate actions including useless chatting. Whereas on the other hand,
(Liccardi, Ounnas, Massey, Kinnunen, Midy, & Sakar. 2007) reviewed that the students are
socially connected with each other for sharing their daily learning experiences and do
conversation on several topics.Tinto (1997) argued that extracurricular activities and academic
activities are not enough to satisfy some student those who are suffered by social networking
isolation. This shows that social networks are beneficial for the students as it contributes in their
learning experiences as well as in their academic life. Trusov, Bucklin, & Pauwels (2009) noted
that the Internet is no doubt evolution of technology but specifically social networks are
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extremely unsafe for teenagers, social networks become hugely common and well-known in past
few years.
According to Palm Beach Community College (PBBC, 2008) they said that a student
must have a special place to study with plenty of room to work. And students should not be
cramped. They presupposes that study time will go better if a learner take a few minutes at the
start to straighten things up. A desk and straight-backed chair is usually best, “Don't get too
comfortable--a bed is a place to sleep, not to study,” as what they said. A student must have
everything close at hand (book, pencils, paper, coffee, dictionary, computer, calculator, tape
recorder,etc.) before starting to study. Students are not suggested to spend on time jumping up
and down to get things. The PBCC suggests also that distracting noise should be minimized
however they said that there are some people need sound and some like silence. In this case, a
learner must find what works for him or her. Culprits are family and friends. Consider a "do not
disturb" sign and turning on your answering machine is the way also to have better study habits
according to the PBBC..Frank Pogue (2000) did a research project to determine why students
fail. What he founds to be true in that study habits survey was that more than 30 years ago still
rings true today--students fail because they do not know how to study.
He said that a student should make sure that he/she has a good study environment, a good
desk, a sturdy chair, good light, comfortable room temperature and a quiet atmosphere. That
means he/she should eliminate all external and internal distractions. Second, get a good overview
of the assignment before starting the work. Know what skills, facts and ideas that are expected to
master and the ground that are expected to cover. Start with most difficult subject first, while the
Hence, the study focuses on the factors that affect the study habit of the students. In line
with this, the researchers would like to know the effect of the study habit to their academic
performances.
understand that what might work for others do not necessarily have to work for others as well.
However, it is still important that students should be consistent along with their studies.
According to the theories of study habits, there are broadly two types of students. The first
category is of the students who study for a shorter duration, have a good concentration and are
able to get good scores without much effort. The second category includes students who have a
rather poor concentration, and need a lot of hardwork to get good scores. With a regular study
habit you will find that the child will study at a time that it is deemed normal to study.To
conclude, study habits may vary from student to student perspective because not everyone
achieve the style of learning process like what other can achieve for themselves.
There may be a lot of factors that can affect the study habit of one student but it’s all
depend to him on how he can manage to do his studies without minding the hindrances and
The study conducted by Marcus Credé and Nathan R. Kuncel (2008) at the University of
Albany reveals that study habit, skill, and attitude inventories and constructs were found to rival
examined the construct validity and predictive validity of 10 study skill constructs for college
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students.They found that study skill inventories and constructs are largely independent of both
high school grades and scores on standardized admissions tests but moderately related to various
personality constructs; these results were inconsistent with previous theories. Study motivation
and study skills exhibit the strongest relationships with both grade point average and grades in
individual classes. They also said that Academic specific anxiety was found to be an important
inventories is shown. Scores on traditional study habit and attitude inventories are the most
processing perspective are shown to be least predictive of the examined criteria. Overall, study
habit and skill measures improve prediction of academic performance more than any other non-
cognitive individual difference variable examined to date and should be regarded as the third
According to the how-to-study.com (2009), students who are very successful in their
desired career have good study habits. It is stated in the website that students apply these habits
to all of their classes. The website also recommends some tips in improving study habits. The
website also suggests that the student should try not to study all the subjects in just a period. The
website also added that if you try to do too much studying at one time, you will tire and your
studying will not be very effective. Space the work you have to do over shorter periods of time.
A study conducted by University of Kentucky was to determine if the college success can
be improved with the Student Attitude Inventory (SAI). The inventory was developed in Britain
and contains 47 items which attempt to identify students in higher education on the basis of: (1)
motivation, (2) study methods, (3) examination technique, and (4) lack of distractions toward
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academic work. Students in six Kentucky community colleges were asked to express their
attitudes toward study habits on the Student Attitude Inventory. There were 996 students in the
sample population (413 males and 583 females). A measure of ability (composite American
College Test score) and academic performance (cumula grade-point average) were obtained for
each student sampled. The Student Attitude Inventory did contribute a statistically significant
amount of variance beyond an ability measure for males and females. ( Mark E. Thompson,
2005). According to Mark Crilly (2000), Successful students are able to balance social activities
with good study habits. A diversion from studies will alleviate stress and help prevent from
becoming fatigued. He said that a student should make sure that he must take a break for an hour
after studies to meet with friends, to play some cards, work out at the gym, or to gab with a new
acquaintance. For this way, that student will find concentration when he does study, if he plans a
social activity afterwards. He said, “To develop a healthy social life, develop routine study
habits. After supper, lug your book sand homework to the library, find a comfortable and quiet
niche, and study for two or three hours, taking intermittent 10 minute breaks every 45 minutes or
so.” Making friends with whom you share similar study habits, and share a table or a study space
with them would be a best way in developing study habits as what Mark said.
Breus (2006) research studies demonstrate that daytime sleepiness from chronic sleep
deprivation and poor quality sleep has significant impacts on daytime behavior and academic
performance, as well as concentration, attention, and mood. Even 20 fewer minutes of needed
sleep may significantly affect behavior in many areas. One study showed that those
students with C‘s, D‘s and F‘s got about 25 fewer minutes of sleep and went to bed an average of
40 minutes later than A and B students. From elementary school through high school and
beyond, a great many of our children are chronically sleep-deprived. With more than 2/3 of all
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children having some kind of sleep problem, and most adolescents not getting enough sleep,
many will struggle to meet the barrage of new challenges, demands, and emotions of a new
school year. It is not widely recognized and appreciated just how pervasive and critical quality
sleep is for brain development and how it directly influences daytime functioning, performance,
Conceptual Framework
Time Management
Study Environment Study Habits
Use of Social Media
The independent variables of the study, including time management, study environment,
and use of social media, influences the dependent variable which is the study habits.
Gestalt psychology mentions the Law of Proximity which he tends to form groups
according to the way they are spaced, with the nearer once being grouped together (Tria,et Al.
1998). When applied to learning, regular and instantaneous study periods tend to result in a
Thorndikes Law of Exercise further supports this kind of principle stating that, other
things being equal, the more frequent a modifiable connection between a situation and response
When a connection between a situation and a response is not being used for a period of
time, the connection weakens. As to learning, a student who stimulates regular study periods
This study focuses on the factors affecting study habits and how it affects the academic
performance of the Senior High School students of Davao Doctors College. In this view, the
researchers want to study the factors which affect the study habits.
Theoretical Framework
This study is based on Gestalt’s Field theory. The word “Gestalt” means “pattern”, it
expresses the idea of perceptual whole, or a total pattern. The Gestalt Theory of Learning was
first formulated in Germany about 1912. Prominent names associated with Gestalt Psychology
Teachers should try to develop into children an integrated approach to learning and the
environment.
The learner should be encouraged to set their own goals for learning.
The learner should be presented with the figure ground relations so that we can see the
Educational relevance of Gestalt theory indicates the need for considering the whole but also
the details with the environment. This implies that in understanding the academic performance of
a students, the environment which stimulates certain study skills, study techniques , use of
instructional materials and teaching method should be considered to know the perception and
technique, practical teaching and relevant instructional material are necessary for development of
Secondly, the role of a teacher to assist the student is emphasized. A teacher collects
academic data on students, they include, students’ scores on academic achievement, study
techniques, special academic talents, learning, difficulties, class attendance and educational they
Another relevant of gestalt theory is that knowledge should be graded in a hierarchical way
to enable children at least obtain some glimpses of the problem before they mature to figure out
Learners should be introduced from simple to complex problems to facilitate learning (lyany-
Abia, 2005). Gestalt theory takes into account factors such as motivation, maturation level of
student experience, background of the learners, the learners intelligent and interest.
The above factors explain the degree in which students can be influenced to form study
Definition of Terms
Academic Performance – extent to which a student, teacher or institution has achieved their
educational goals
Senior High School Students – the learners of the additional two years of the k to 12 program of
Social Media – are computer-mediated technologies that allow the creating and sharing of
information, ideas, career interests and other forms of expression via virtual communities and
networks.
Study Habits – the behaviors used when preparing for tests or learning academic material.
Study Environment – the process of organizing and planning how to divide your time between
specific activities.
Time Management – the process of planning and exercising conscious control over the amount
productivity.
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CHAPTER 3
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Research Design
This study will use the phenomenological design in its attempt to determine, describe,
and analyze relationships between time management, study environment, and use of social media
The study will have English Grade 8 students who are enrolled during the recent school
year at Domingo P.Boquiren National High School. The 20 percent of the total population will
be the sample size of the study. The sample population is 92 taken the total from the 462
Senior High School students of Davao Doctors College. All of the participants will
be selected through simple stratified random sampling. This sampling method is conducted
where each member of a population has an equal opportunity to become part of the sample. In
order to conduct this sampling strategy, the researcher will divide first the population into
different strata- students who belong to their respective tracks – Accountancy, Business, and
and Social Sciences (HUMSS) and the General Academic Strand (GAS).
For this study, the researchers design a self-administered questionnaire for the data
gathering process to achieve the main objective of the study. The primary aim of the
questionnaire is to determine the respondents’ profile according to: (1) Time Management (2)
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Study Environment (3) Usage of Social Media. This research will use a mixture of closed
questions and open comments in the questionnaire. A closed question is one that has pre-coded
answers. The simplest is the dichotomous question to which the respondent must answer yes or
no. Through closed questions, the researcher will be able to limit responses that are within the
Survey Questionnaire
Name: _____________________
Track&Section: ______________
Direction:
Please put check (√) on the space that corresponds to what you are actually doing, thinking, and
feeling regarding the statement. There are no right and wrong answers to the following questions.
Rest assured that your answers will be treated in strictest way and will be used only for this
study.
One month ____ Two weeks______ One week _____ Days before_____ The night
before_______
Morning (6 a.m. to noon _____ Afternoon (noon to 6 p.m.) _____ Evening (6 p.m. to 9 p.m.)
_____ Night (9 p.m. to 12 a.m.) _____ Late night (12 a.m. to 6 a.m.) _____
19
1hr ____ 2hrs _____ 3hrs ______ more than 3 hrs _______
20-24 hours ______ 4- 5 hours_______3 - 4 hours _______ 2-3 hours ________ 1-2 hours
_________
Repeating points out loud _____ Writing index/flash cards_______ Writing outlines _______
Highlighting text ______ Studying in a group _______ Others (Please Specify) : ___________
Dorm room _____ Bedroom _______ Library ______ Coffee shop _______ Parents’ home
______ private place _____ Student’s hub _______ Others (Please Specify):_____________
8. Which of the following social media tools do you use? (Choose all that apply)
Twitter____Facebook_______Google+________LinkedIn______YouTube______
1-2 hours_______ 2-4 hours _______ 5-6 hours __________ 6-10 hours_______ Others(Please
Specify):________
10. Do you believe that your social media habits have negatively influence your study habits?
Yes______ No_________
11. Do you believe that your social media habits have positively influence your study habits?
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