Broadcasting

Midterm – Lecture 1
 Philippine Broadcast History
• In 1922, a Mrs. Redgrave, an American, began test
broadcasting from Nichols air field with a five-watt
transmitter.
• This would put her ahead of Henry Hermann who began
test broadcasts from three stations in June 1922.
• Lent's (1978) collection of histories of broadcasting in Asia
shows that Philippine radio was probably the earliest in
Asia, ahead of Chinese radio by at least six months and
at least as early as, if not earlier than, New Zealand radio.
 Philippine Broadcast History
• Hermann, owner of the Manila-based Electrical Supply
Company, wanted to broadcast music to a number of
radio receiving set owners, and test the business potential
of broadcasting.
• The manuals as well as Lent indicated that Hermann
went on the air armed with a temporary permit, but
neither writer identified exactly whom or which institution
gave Hermann this permit to operate experimental radio
stations.
 Philippine Broadcast History
• Two years into the experiment Hermann replaced the
experimental stations with a 100-watt station with the call
letters KZKZ.
• However, Hermann soon after gave up on the
commercial potential of radio.
• On October 4, 1924, with KZKZ but a few months old, he
sold it to the Radio Corporation of the Philippines (RCP).
• Lent (1973) traces the appearance of the first radio
station outside of Manila to 1929 when RCP put up KZRC
(Radio Cebu), a one-kilowatt experimental station in
Cebu City.
 Philippine Broadcast History
• Much of the programming was patterned after American
broadcasting and was indeed run by Americans.
• At first, sponsors did not directly advertise their products
but mentioned only their names as sponsor of particular
shows, or titled the shows after their product, for example
Klim Musical Quiz or The Listerine Amateur Hour.
• Among the early pioneers, Francisco "Koko" Trinidad is
regarded by broadcasters and broadcast teachers and
students of the past three decades as the father of
Philippine broadcasting.
 Philippine Broadcast History
• Television reached the Philippines in October
1953.
 Philippine Broadcasting
Regulation
• Early regulation of broadcasting begun in 1931 when the
colonial government (of the USA) began realizing the
business potential of radio, and thus passed the Radio
Control Law creating the regulatory body Radio Control
Board.
• The board examined applications for licenses to operate
radio, allocated band frequencies, and conducted
inspections for the office of the Secretary of Commerce
and Industry
 Philippine Broadcasting
Regulation
• In 1947, when the new republic was a year old, Trinidad
represented the Philippines to a conference of the
International Telecommunications Union (ITU) in Atlantic
City in the United States.
• The current regulatory body is the Kapisanan ng mga
Brodkasters ng Pilipinas (KBP).
 Philippine Broadcasting
Station Identifications
• Originally, as a colony of the USA, four letter call signs
beginning with KZ-- were in use.
• Trinidad remembers insisting on changing the first two call
letters of Philippine radio to RP, to stand for Republic of
the Philippines, in lieu of the American KZ.
• Koko wanted the world to know about the newly
independent republic through the radio call letters.
• The ITU rejected the call letters RP because of the
amount of trouble it would take to secure the approval of
the entire international body, and the international
changes that might have become necessary for such a
change.
 Philippine Broadcasting
Station Identifications
• However, the ITU, which decided to punish Germany for
using radio for propaganda and to advance the cause
of Nazism, deprived Germany of its right to use the
broadcast airwaves.
• The ITU then gave the Philippines the right to use the call
letter D (which had stood for Deutscheland, or the
German name of Germany)
Telecommunications & Broadcasting
Laws and Regulations

• Telecommunications
– involves all types of systems in which electric or
electromagnetic signals are used to transmit
information between or among points. Transmission
media may be radio, light, or waves in other portions
of the electromagnetic spectrum; cable; or any other
medium
• Broadcasting
– the transmission of speech, music, or visual programs
for commercial or public-service motives to a
relatively large audience.
Telecommunications & Broadcasting
Laws and Regulations

• Republic Acts
Republic Act No. Subject Date of Approval

An act to make the installation of

radio apparatus obligatory for ships of

Republic Act No. 3396 Philippine register, provide for the Dec. 5, 1927

operation thereof, and establish

penalties for violations.

An act providing for the regulation of

Republic Act No. 3846 radio stations and radio communications Nov. 11, 1931

in the Philippines and for other purposes.

The Electronics and Communications Act

Republic Act No. 5734 21-Jun-69
of the Philippines
Telecommunications & Broadcasting
Laws and Regulations

Republic Act No. Subject Date of Approval

An act to make the installation of

radio apparatus obligatory for ships of
Republic Act No. 3396 Philippine register, provide for the Dec. 5, 1927

operation thereof, and establish

penalties for violations.
An act providing for the regulation of
Republic Act No. 3846 radio stations and radio communications Nov. 11, 1931

in the Philippines and for other purposes.

The Electronics and Communications Act
Republic Act No. 5734 21-Jun-69
of the Philippines
Telecommunications & Broadcasting
Laws and Regulations
• Department Orders
Department Order
Subject Date of Approval
No.
Rules and regulations governing
Department Order No. 4 radio training schools in the Jan. 3, 1972
Philippines
Department Order No.5 Rules and regulations governing
Sept. 22, 1948
(Series(1948) commercial radio operators
Department Order No.6 Rules and regulations governing land
(Series 1949) mobile radioservice and its June 1, 1949
operations
Department Order No.11 General rules and regulations
(Series 1950) governing the construction,
installation, establishment or
operation of radio stations and the
Oct. 10, 1959
possession or ownership, construction
or manufacture, purchase, sale and
transfer of transmitters or tranceivers
in the Philippines
Telecommunications & Broadcasting
Laws and Regulations
Department Order
Subject Date of Approval
No.
Department Order No. 87 Rules and regulations governing the
(Series 1952) low power ship radiotelephone Jan. 11, 1952
service in the Philippines
Department Order No. 88 Rules and regulations requiring the
(Series 1973) services of duly registered electronics
and communications engineer in the
planning and designing, installation or
Dec. 28, 1972
construction, opearation and maintenance
of radio stations, and in the manufacture
and/or modification of radio communications
equipment
Department Order No.103 Rules and regulations governing the amateur
June 28, 1952
(Series of 1952) radio service in the Philippines
Rules and egulations governing the amateur
Department Order No.130 Feb. 16, 1971
radio service in the Philippines as amended
Department Order No.227 Rules and regulations governing land radio
Oct. 14, 1933
(Series 1933) stations and radio communications in the Philippines
Department Order No.287 Rules and regulations governing the citizen's radio
Jan. 2, 1959
(series 1959) service
Telecommunications & Broadcasting
Laws and Regulations
•Presidential Decrees
Presidential Decree
Subject Date of Approval
No.
Presidential Cancelling the franchises, permits, and
Decree No.36 authorizations granted for the operation
of radio, television, and telecommunications
holders after a reasonable length of time, that
have violated the terms under which they Nov. 2, 1972
were issued;
Creating the mass media council and prescribing
rules and regulations on the opening and
operation of mass media.
Presidential Penalizing unauthorized telephone
Nov.16, 1972
Decree No.55 installations
Presidential Abolishing the mass media council created
Decree No.191 under PD no.36 and creating in its stead the Media
Advisory Council prescribing rules and regulations May 11, 1973
to enable the new body to discharge its functions
effectively.
Telecommunications & Broadcasting
Laws and Regulations
Presidential Decree
Subject Date of Approval
No.
Presidential Penalizing the Unauthorized
Decree No. 401 installation of water, electrical or
telephone connections, the use of March 1, 1974
tampered water or electrical meters,
and other acts.
Presidential Abolishing the Media Advisory Council
Decree No. 576 and the Bureau of Standards for Mass
Media, and authorizing the Nov. 9, 1974
organization of regulatory councils
for print media and for broadcast media.
Presidential Regulating the ownership and operation
Decree No. 576-A of radio and television stations and for Nov.11, 1974
other purposes.
Presidential Creating the Movie and Television
Oct. 5, 1985
Decree No. 1986 Review and Classification Board.
Presidential An act creating the Video Regulatory
Oct. 5, 1985
Decree no. 1987 Board
Telecommunications & Broadcasting
Laws and Regulations
• Executive Orders
Executive Order
Subject Date of Approval
No.
Executive Prescribing the policy guidelines for
Order No. 59 compulsoryinterconnection of
authorized public telecommunications
carriers in order to create a universally
Feb. 24, 1993
accessible and fully integrated nationwide
telecommunications network and
therby encourage greater private sector
investment in telecommunications.
Executive Policy to improve the provision of
July 12, 1993
Order No. 109 Local Exchange Carrier Service.
Executive Reorganizing the ministry of
Order No. 125 transportation and communications
Jan. 30, 1987
defining its powers and functions and
for other purposes.
Executive Vesting the jurisdiction, control, and
Order No. 196 regulation over the Philippine
Communications Satellite Corporation June 17, 1987
with the National Telecommunications
Commission.
Telecommunications & Broadcasting
Laws and Regulations
Executive Order
Subject Date of Approval
No.
Executive Regulating the operation of Cable
Order No. 205 Antenna Television (CATV) systems
June 30, 1987
in the Philippines, and for other
purposes.
Executive Requiring all radio stations with
Order No. 255 musical format programs to broadcast
a minimum of four Original Pilipino July 25, 1987
Musical compositions in every
clockhour and for other purposes.
Executive Prescribing policy guidelines to
Order No. 436 govern the operations of Cable Sept. 9, 1997
Television in the Philippines.
Executive Providing for a national policy on
Order No. 467 the operation and use of international
March 17, 1998
satellite communications in the
country.
Executive Providing for the creation of a
Order No. 468 National Council for the promotion Feb. 23, 1998
of electronic commerce in the country.
Executive Amending Executive Order No. 190
Order No. 469 dated July 1994 approving and
adopting the National Information
Feb. 23, 1998
Technology Plan 2000 and establishing
the National Information Technology
Council.