Semiconductor Devices for Power

Electronics
PRELIM PERIOD
• For God so loved the world that he gave his only begotten son, that
whosoever believes in him will not perish but have everlasting life.
John 3:16

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Half-wave Rectifiers
POWER DIODES

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Halfwave Rectifiers

• The purpose of a rectifier may be to produce an output that is purely dc, or

the purpose may be to produce a voltage or current waveform that has a
specified dc component.
• In practice, the half-wave rectifier is used most often in low-power
applications because the average current in the supply will not be zero, and
nonzero average current may cause problems in transformer performance.

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Halfwave Rectifiers: Resistive Load

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Example

For the half-wave rectifier the source is a

sinusoid of 120 V rms at a frequency of
60 Hz. The load resistor is 5Ω.
Determine
(a) the average load current
(b) the average power absorbed by the
load

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Solution
(a)The voltage across the resistor is a half-wave rectified sine wave with peak value

The average voltage is Vm/π, and average current is

(b)The rms voltage across the resistor for a half-wave rectified sinusoid is

The power absorbed by the resistor is

The rms current in the resistor is

and the power could also be calculated from

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Halfwave Rectifiers: Resistive-Inductive Load

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Example

For the half-wave rectifier, R = 100 Ω, L =

0.1 H, ω=377 rad/s, and Vm =100 V.
Determine
(a) an expression for the current in this
circuit,
(b) the average current,
(c) the rms current, and
(d) the power absorbed by the RL load

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Solution

(a) For the parameters given,

Current becomes

And Beta is

Using a numerical root-finding program, β is found to be 3.50 rad, or 201°

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Solution

(b) Average current is

(c) The rms current is

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Solution

(d) The power absorbed by the resistor is

The average power absorbed by the inductor is zero. Also P can be computed
from the definition of average power:

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Halfwave Rectifier with Capacitor Filter

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Halfwave Rectifier with Capacitor Filter

where:

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Example

The half-wave rectifier has a 120-V rms

source at 60 Hz, R = 500Ω,and C =100 µF.
Determine
(a) an expression for output voltage,
(b) the peak-to-peak voltage variation on
the output,
(c) an expression for capacitor current,
(d) the peak diode current, and
(e) the value of C such that ΔVo is 1 percent
of Vm.

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Solution

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Solution

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Solution

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Full-wave Rectifiers
POWER DIODES

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Single-phase Full-wave Rectifiers

Bridge Rectifier Center-tapped transformer rectifier

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Full-wave Rectifier: Resistive Load

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Full-wave: RL Load

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Example

The bridge rectifier circuit has an ac source

with Vm = 100 V at 60 Hz and a series RL load
with R =10 Ωand L =10 mH.
(a) Determine the average current in the load.
(b) Estimate the peak-to-peak variation in load
current based on the first ac term in the
Fourier series.
(c) Determine the power absorbed by the load

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Solution

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Solution

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Solution

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Capacitance Output Filter

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Example

The full-wave rectifier has a 120 V source at 60 Hz, R=500 Ω, and C=100
µF.
(a) Determine the peak-to-peak voltage variation of the output.
(b) Determine the value of capacitance that would reduce the output voltage
ripple to 1percent of the dc value.

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Solution

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Three-Phase Rectifiers

Diode currents

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Three-Phase Rectifiers

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Example

The three-phase rectifier has a three-phase

source of 480 Vrms line-to-line, and the load is
a 25-Ωresistance in series with a 50-mH
inductance. Determine
(a) the dc level of the output voltage,
(b) the dc and first ac term of the load
current,
(c) the average and rms current in the diodes,
(d) the rms current in the source, and (e) the
apparent power from the source.

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Solution

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Seatwork #2

1. An inductor is energized as in the circuit. The

circuit has L =100 mH, R =20 Ω, VCC = 90 V, t1=4
ms, and T=40 ms. Assuming the transistor and
diode are ideal, determine
(a) the peak energy stored in the inductor,
(b) the energy absorbed by the resistor in each
switching period, and
(c) the average power supplied by the source.
(d) If the resistor is changed to 40 Ω, what is the
average power supplied by the source?

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Seatwork #2

2. The voltage and current for a device (using the passive sign convention)
are periodic functions with T =100 ms described by

Determine the rms values of the voltage and current waveforms

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Seatwork #2

3. The half-wave rectifier circuit of has vs(t) = 170 sin(377t) V and a load
resistance R = 15 Ω. Determine
(a) the average load current,
(b) the rms load current,
(c) the power absorbed by the load

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Seatwork #2
4. A half-wave rectifier has a source of 120 V rms at 60 Hz and an RL load with R
=12 Ω and L =12 mH. Determine
(a) an expression for load current,
(b) the average current, and
(c) the power absorbed by the resistor.

5. A half-wave rectifier has a 120 V rms, 60 Hz ac source. The load is 750 Ω.

Determine
(a) value of a filter capacitor to keep the peak-to-peak ripple across the load to less
than 2 V.
(b) average and peak values of diode current.

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Seatwork #2
6. A single-phase bridge rectifier has an RL load with R=15 Ω and L=60 mH. The
ac source is vs =100 sin (377t) V. Determine the average and rms currents in the
load.
7. The full-wave rectifier of Fig. 4-6 has a 120-V rms 60 Hz source and a load
resistance of 200 Ω. Determine the filter capacitance required to limit the peak-to-
peak output voltage ripple to 1 percent of the dc output.
8. A three-phase rectifier is supplied by a 480-V rms line-to-line 60-Hz source. The
load is a 50- Ω resistor. Determine
(a) the average load current,
(b) the rms load current, and
(c) the rms source current

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La Sallian Prayer

“I will continue, O my God,

to do all my actions for the love of Thee.”
St. John Baptist de La Salle, pray for us.
Live Jesus in our hearts, forever.

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