RIFT VALLEY UNIVERSITY

FACULITY OF PUBLIC HEALTH AND MEDICALSCIENCE

DEPARTMENT OF NURSING

ASSESSMENT OF ANTE NATAL CARE UTILIZATION AND DETERMINANTFACTORS AMONG WOMEN’S OF Commented [WU1]: SERVICE
REPRODUCTIVE AGE GROUP IN WOLISO TOWN, SOUTH WEST SHOA ZONE OF OROMIA REGION Commented [WU2]: Please delete the word “determinants
factors” because it is beyond your scope
Commented [WU3]: Pregnant womens

BY:

Name ID no
1. G E N E T I M I T I K U … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … . 0 8 4 / 0 8

2. T E K L U C H I M D E S S A … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … . 1 6 6 / 0 8

3. G E L A N E L E T A … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … 0 8 7 / 0 8

4. M E S E R E T W O N D I M U … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … 1 2 6 / 0 8

5. Z E N E B A M E H A M M E D … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … . 1 9 6 / 0 8

6. K E B E B U S H G A R A M A … . … … … … … … … … … … … … … … . 1 0 3 / 0 8

Commented [WU4]: Do you mean RIFT or..?

A RESEARCH PROPOSALSUMMITTED TO JUNERIFT VALLEY UNIVERSITY

FACULITY OF PUBLIC HEALTH AND MEDICAL SCIENCE DEPARTMENT OF

NURSING FOR PARTIAL FULLFILMENT OF BACHELOR OF SCIENCE DEGREE IN
NURSING

Submitted to: Mr. Bisrat Z.(MA) Commented [WU5]: Delete it is not assignment

Woliso, Ethiopia

June 2019
 Commented [WU6]: Add second title page containing the
following in their order
1.Name of the institution
2.Your research proposal title
3.List of participant in table
4.List of advisor
Please be serious on your proposal development

Acknowledgment
In every begging praise to the Almighty God who gave us endurance and courage from the
beginning up to this phase. We are much grateful to express our sincere gratitude to our Advisor
Mr. Bisrat Zeleke (), for his precious advice and useful suggestion. Commented [WU7]: (BSCN, MSCN assistant professor)

Secondly we will like to appreciate our department for giving a chance in order to do assessment
of ante natal care utilization and determinant factors among women’s of reproductive age group
in woliso town, south west shoa zone of Oromia region. Commented [WU8]: Rift valley university should be
acknowledge next to God

We would like to express our heart full appreciation to all staff working in the department that
are operate with the process of collecting different data for the purpose of to solve the maternal
problem.

At the last but not the least special thanks for our classmates for their great help and keeping us
to reach today’s day.
Abbreviation ........................................................................................................................................... v
CHAPTER ONE ..................................................................................................................................... 1
1.1. BACKGROUND ........................................................................................................................... 1
1.2. Statement of problem ...................................................................................................................... 2
1.3. Research Questions ......................................................................................................................... 3
1.4. OBJECTIVES ................................................................................................................................. 3
1.4.1. General Objective.............................................................................................................. 3
1.4.2. Specific Objective ............................................................................................................. 3
1.5. Significance of the study ................................................................................................................. 4
1.6. Scope of the Study .......................................................................................................................... 4
1.7. Operational definition ..................................................................................................................... 4
2.1. LITERATURE REVIEW ................................................................................................................ 5
CHAPTER THREE ................................................................................................................................. 9
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY ............................................................................................................. 9
3.1. Background of Study Area .............................................................................................................. 9
3.2. Study Period ................................................................................................................................... 9
3.3. Study design ................................................................................................................................... 9
3.4. Study and source of population........................................................................................................ 9
3.4.1. Source of population ......................................................................................................... 9
3.4.2. Study population ............................................................................................................... 9
3.5. Sampling size and Sampling technique ............................................................................................ 9
3.5.1. Sample size ....................................................................................................................... 9
3.5.2. Sampling Technique ........................................................................................................ 10
3.5.3. Variable .......................................................................................................................... 10
3.6. Data collection method .................................................................................................................. 10
3.6.1. Primary data collection methods ...................................................................................... 10
3.6.2. Secondary data collection methods .................................................................................. 10
3.7. Plan of data processing and analyzing ........................................................................................... 11
4. Time Schedule and Budget plan ......................................................................................................... 12
4.1. Time Schedule .............................................................................................................................. 12
4.2. Budget plan ................................................................................................................................... 12
REFERENCES...................................................................................................................................... 13
ABBREVIATION

ANC Ante natal care

EMOH Ethiopia ministry of health

EDHS Ethiopia demographic and health survey

IMRInfant mortality rate

HEWHealth extension worker

HIV Human immune virus

MMRMaternal mortality rate

MOH Minster of health

NGO Non govern mental organization

STD Sexual transmitted disease

STI Sexual transmitted infection

PA Principal Advisor

PI Principal Investigator

IFA Iron folic acid

FANC Focused ante natal care

PAD Professional assisted delivery

Page | v
ABSTRACT
Background; - Ante natal care is a care which is given to pregnant women during pregnancy. It
KKis more beneficial in preventing adverse pregnancy out come when it is sought early and
continue throughout the delivery . It is goal oriented with the aim of meeting both psychological
and medical need of pregnant women.

Objective;-The aim of this study is to assess the utilization of Ante natal care and determinant
factors among women of reproductive age group in Woliso town south west shoa zone of
Ethiopia ,2019.

Commented [WU9]: Where is your

1.Method
2.Keywords
3.Budget summery

vi | P a g e
 Commented [WU10]: Here is the sequential order correct your
paper as follow
1.Cover page 1
2.Cover page 2
3.Acknowledgement
CHAPTER ONE 4.Table of content
5.List of tables
6.List of figures
7.Acronyms & Abbreviation
INTRODUCTION 8.Abstract/ Proposal summary
9.Chapter 1 Introduction,
1.1 background,
This chapter focuses on the brief contexts of the study. It also presents objectives and the 1.2 statement of the problem,
1.3significance of the study
problems to be investigated. 10.Chapter 2 literature review
11.Chapter 3 objective
12.Chapter 4 methodology
1.1. BACKGROUND 13.Chapter 5 work plan
14.Chapter 6 budget
Ante natal care is the health care given to a pregnant women so as to ensure the birth of healthy 15.Chapter 7 reference

baby with minimal risk to the mother .Thus it is a goal with intervention to achieve the
medical and psychological need of pregnant women which have prevent value. Its strategies
and target towards pregnant women are to help them in maintain normal pregnancy and
delivery through identification of pre- existing health condition, early detection of
complication arising during pregnancy, health promotion and disease prevention and birth
preparedness and complication readiness planning. It provides a valuable opportunity for
determining the progress of the pregnancy diagnosis and treating morbidity such as anemia,
hypertension, and sexual transmitted infection for information and educational activities and to
make a contact with health system anticipation of any complication of pregnancy.

Recently the WHO technical working group has recommended a minimum level of care to be
four visits throughoutpregnancy. The first visit which is expected to screen
andtreatanemia,syphilis,screen for risk factors and medical conditions that can be best dealt with
in early pregnancy and initiate prophylaxis if required {e.g. for anemia and malaria} is
recommended to held by the end of fourth month. The second, third and fourth scheduled at 24-
28 weeks, 30- 32 weeks, 36-38 weeks respectively. It is a special care given for women during
pregnancy through the public health service. The goal of ante natal care is to prevent health
problems in infant and mother and to ensure that each new born child has a good start .To
achieve this objective the service is organized booking and a follow up clinic.

Maternal health refers to the health of the mother during pregnancy , child birth and the post-
partum period. Maternal health care service utilization is important for early detection n of
mothers who are at high of illness and mortality during pregnancy .The essential maternal health

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care service during pregnancy included ante natal care skilled care at delivery and postpartum
care and these are necessary to promote good health.Ante natal care utilization {65%] in
developing countries is low when compared to that of the developed countries which is {97%}.

Ante natal care is the pivotal factor for safe mother hood but its utilization varies widely across
the vast swathes of our country where the population by and large resides in urban slums and
rural areas. It is potentially one of the most effective health interventions for preventing maternal
morbidity and mortality particularly in places where the general health status of women is poor.

In light to the above discussion, the World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that, every
minute of every day, somewhere in the world and most often in a developing country, a woman
of reproductive age dies from complications related to pregnancy. Now a day, the importance of
Antenatal care services in reducing maternal mortality and morbidity has received a significant
recognition. Implementing and assuring utilization of effective maternity care for women in the
developing world is not an easy task. In Ethiopia, as in other developing countries, most
childbearing women are poor and live under harsh conditions.

1.2. Statement of problem Commented [WU11]: Please try to explain the following points
in your statement of problem
Most of the death of the mother could be prevented if adequate care is available. Studies 1.Describe magnitude and impacts of the problem
2.Discuss factors contributing to occurrence of the problem
3.Discuss the current interventions to improve the problem
raveled that the cause of maternal mortality in developing countries mostly due to poor 4.Discuss why interventions are not working well
5.Describe the information gap existing, to address the issue
accessibility to maternal health service. Poor referral, in appropriate antenatal and delivery
care unit and inadequacy of available care. Studies also suggest that most of the maternal death
were preventable, with improved coverage of antenatal service, safe delivery and postnatal care.

Complication due to pregnancy and child bearing are amongthe leading causes of death and
disability among women of child bearing age in the developing country .It is estimated that for
every minute one maternal death is occurred and more than 20 women getting disabilities due
to complication of pregnancy and child birth.According to the 2016Ethiopian Demographic
Health Survey [EDHS] showed that the maternal mortality ratio [MMR] of Ethiopia is
estimated to be 412 per 100,000 give birth one of the highest in the world .In addition infant
mortality [IMR] estimated to be 48 per 100,000 live birth most of this death is associated with
un attended pregnancies.

Ethiopia demographic health survey 2011results show that 34 percent of women received
antenatal care from a trained health professional at least once for their last birth. This low

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utilization of health care services may give some indication of service coverage in the country.
As a result, each year large number of women in the child bearing ages (15-49 years) were dying
from complications associated with pregnancy and childbirth.

In ante natal care anemia, sexual transmitted and intestinal parasites will be treated effectively
and early detection of hypertension is the core elements. But in case of delay from professional,
delay from client and delay in transportation will be the cause of failures of ante natal care
utilization. Hence hypertension is one of the leading causes of maternal mortality and anemia
is the indirect of maternal mortality. But we can treat prevent this problem if we screen early
in ante natal care. Despite the fact that antenatal care utilization is essential for further
Improvement of maternal and child health, little is known about factors Affecting the use of this
service in Ethiopia in general and in Wolisotown in particular.

This study is designed to assess antenatal care utilization and determinant factors among
women’s of reproductive age group in woliso town south west shoa zone of Oromia region

1.3. Research Questions

This research will try to answer the following basic questions.
1. Are traditional birth attendants available in the village under study?
2. What is knowledgestatus about importance of ANC service women’s have?
3. How many pregnant women attend their anti natal care in Wolisohealth centers?
4. What are the problems women faced during their pregnancy?
5. What are the major factors influencing ANC in Wolisohealth centers? Commented [WU12]: Not necessary delete it

1.4. OBJECTIVES
1.4.1. General Objective
To assess Anti natal care utilization and determinant factors among women of reproductive age Commented [WU13]: Delete it

group in Woliso town. Commented [WU14]: Pregnant mothers

1.4.2. Specific Objective

 To assess the prevalence of ante natal care utilization among women of
reproductive age group in Wolisotown.
 To determine the status of women’s knowledge about importance of ANC service.
 To determine the extent at which the pregnant women served by woliso health centers
 To identify problems faced by women during their pregnancy
 To identify the major factors influencing ANC in woliso health centers Commented [WU15]: Delete this three SP objectives

3|Page
1.5. Significance of the study

Decreasing maternal mortality rate in developing countries is highly related to the fact that fewer
women utilize ante natal care service.Thus the purpose of this study will be to identify factors
determining the utilization of Ante natal care service. Commented [WU16]: Delete it

Also the outcome of this study will beidentify the reason of mother for not utilize ante natal care
and factors determining ante natal care utilization, base line information for the researchers in
governmental and NGO who work on this area and also evaluate ante natal care service status
of individual mothers who will be participate in the survey.

The significance of this studyto the target population will be to change the community attitude
towards ante natal care utilizationservice by teaching the community so as to give birth at health
institution tomanage the complication by giving education about the complication during ante
natal care. Commented [WU17]: Delete it

1.6. Scope of the Study

This study will be concerned with an assessment of Anti natal care utilization and determinant
factors among women of reproductive age group in Woliso town. To make our research
manageable within a given time we will be focused to identify about importance of ANC service,
assess the pregnant women attended their ANC in Wolisohealth centers and finally the major
factors influencing ANC in Wolisohealth centers. Commented [WU18]: Delete it nt important

1.7. Operational definition

ANC utilization= having at least two ante natal care visits.
Professionally assisted delivery [PAD]=Deliveries that takes place in a health facility with
skilled personnel.
FANC=Four visit of ante natal care service as WHO recommendation during pregnancy.

ANC =A comprehensive care which is given during pregnancy for the women. Commented [WU19]: Take it to methodology

4|Page
 CHAPTER TWO
2.1. LITERATURE REVIEW Commented [WU20]: Re write the LR with sections sub title

Ante natal care is the care given to pregnant women so that they have safe pregnancy and healthy
babies’.Ante natal care is pivotal factor for safe mother hood but its utilization varies widely
across the vast swathes of our country where the population by and large resides in urban slum
and rural areas. Ante natal care is potentially one of the most effective health interventions for
preventing maternal morbidity and mortality particularly in place where the general health status
of women is poor.
Ante natal care is an umbrella term used to describe the medical procedures and care that will be
carried out during pregnancy. The goal oriented ante natal care approach will be recommended
by researcher in 2001 and adopted by the world health organization[WHO]in 2002.Ehtiopia has
accepted and adopted focused ante natal care [FANC] as parts of monitoring women`s health
and offering preventive service.
As the studies conducted in south eastern Tanzania in 2011 the potential of ante natal care for
reducing maternal morbidity and improving new born survival and health is widely
acknowledged .Yet there will be worrying gapin knowledge of the quality of ante natal care
provider in Tanzania.

Ante natal care is an important determinant of safe delivery ,Although certain emergencies
cannot predicted through ante natal screening, women can be educated to recognize and act on
symptoms leading to potentially serious condition .This is one strategy for reducing maternal
mortality .One of the most important functions of ante natal care is to offer health information
and services that can significantly improve the health of women and their infants.In addition
,ante natal care during pregnancy appears to have a positive impact on utilization of post natal
health care service .Empirical evidence shows that four visits will be sufficient for un
complicated pregnancies and more are necessary only increase of complication.

According tostudies conducted in shanghai in 2012 with total sample of 767.As this study
show improving of ante natal care is a critical strategy for achieving chain`s millennium
development goal of decreasing the maternal mortality ratio [MMR}.While overall utilization
has increase recently in Chain an urban verse rural disparity in access remain . Of 767
women90.1 %{ 691} made at least one ante natal care visit while 49.7 %{ 381} had adequately

5|Page
utilized ante natal care. Only 19.7% of women visited an ante natal care unit during the first
trimester {12 week}.

As studies will be conducted in tertiary hospital of Pine Maharashtra in2013 with total sample
of 385 to assess knowledge and practice of ante natal care among women.Out of 385
respondent 223 [58%] had adequate knowledge about over all ante natal care and 29.2%
women will be educated up to high school ,10.7% women will be educated up to primary
school,3% graduate , 1.3 % will be professional ,18.5% intermediate and 16.1% until middle
school,only 3.9%women will be not attending any formal school.

As studies carried out in two randomly selected local government council area at Ibadan in
Nigeria with total sample of 400 women .Out of 400 women majority [76.8%] will be attend ante
natal care. Women in urban areas will be more than two times likely to attend ante natal care
than women in the rural areas.Of the total 92[23.69%] sought traditional ante natal care while
24[6%] neither sought modern nor traditional ante natal care ,302[76.8%] attended ante natal
care clinic at least once during their pregnancy. Respondents who neither sought modern nor
traditional antenatal care during pregnancy gave various reason for not seeking ante natal care
from the total 14[58.3] gave the inability to afford cost ,6[14.8%] attitude of care givers
,8[29.6%] the long time that will be spent in obtaining the service ,6[22.2%] due to far distance
of health facility , religious reason ,1[3.7%],16[59.5%] did not think ante natal care will be even
important and others claimed they had no chance to attend 8 [29.6%].

As studies conducted at Islamabad in Pakistan in 2014 with the total sample of200 women the
ante natal care usage in the previous pregnancy among women will be 151[75.5%],49[24.5%]
will be non-user of antenatal .Among the non-users 37[75.5%] of women cited ignorance about
the important of antenatal care, 9[18.4%] said that ante natal care facility will be far away,
3[6.1%] said that no get permission from home to go the ante natal care facility. According to
this study education of women [adjusted p=0.005] andeducationof husband [adjusted p=0.006]
will be significantly associated with utilization of ante natal care.

As study conducted at Mysore district Karnataka in India in 2016 with the total sample of 200
women 177[88.5%] are 20-34 years old and 23 [11.5%] will be above 34 years old .Out of 200
women 177 [88.5%] will be house wives and 23[11.5%] will be working mothers. Almost
all[98.5%] mothers had done the registration of pregnancy in the first trimester and only 1.5%
had done in second trimester.Only82[41%] mothers knew about the danger signs of pregnancy

6|Page
.From them 40.24%mothers told fever, 26.84% mothers told bleeding per vagina
,21.95%mothers told swelling of lower limb and 10.97% told leaking of membrane . Among of
200 subjects 186[93%] mothers had received full ante natal care.

According to study conducted at Krishna Nagar village of Miranshahib in north India in2015
with total sample of 211 .in this study ante natal care service utilization will be affected by
age, education , socio economic status and income of family .

As the study conducted in Cambodia in 2015 there are many barrier forthe utilization of ante
natal care service the major will be educational status , exposure to mass media ,economic
condition of house hold size ,regional characteristics and rural residence.[18]

As studies conductedinCameroon in2014a sample of 220 women. From 220 women 98.6%
attended ante natal care service while 1.4% did not attend ante natal care. The reason for nonuser
will be lack of awareness, fardistance, lack of transportation and family income. [19]

As studies conducted in Onus state of Nigeria in2012 with sample of 102 women shows that in
the socio demographic data majority respondents are between 25-34 years old and Christian.
From the total 58[56.9%] attended ante natal care regularly while 40 [3.%9]attended
occasionally and only 4[3.9%] never attended ante natal care service.[20]

According to studies conducted in Sun sari district in Kenya with a sample of 372 women in
2015 .The studies revealed that more than two third attended four ante natal care visit and
women exposed to media had higher chance of receiving more ante natal care in compared to
women do not and women had high level of a autonomy attended more ante natal care service
than women had not.[17]

According to studies conducted inAssosa in BeniangulGumuz in 2015 with the total sample of
525 majority of respondents 430 [81.9%] receive ANC service and the rest 95[8.1%] hadnot
and the ante natal care utilization in urban will be higher than in the rural .Out of 430 from those
mothers who visited health institution for ANC, 94(77.7%) urban women and 122 (39.5%) rural
women attended the care for at least four times during pregnancy. Out of 430 women who
attended antenatal care 21(4.9%) women visited they are for one occasion only (1(1.7%) for
urban and 19(6.1%) for rural). More than half (57.9%) women attended ANC at the time of
second trimester (83(68.6%) for urban and 166(53.7%) for rural)From this study utilization of

7|Page
ante natal care will be affected by place of residence, ethnicity, maternal education , religion,
availability of traditional birth attendant ,availability of transportation and distance of facility.

According to studies conducted atAyderkebele in Mekelle city with a total sample of 252 in
2014 .In this study the overall coverage for ante natal care will be 88.9% .The majority of the
respondent 142[63.4%] are in the age25-34 years old and also orthodox. A significant number of
187[76.3%] women attended ante natal care service and 191[85.3%] married currently. Of the
total 111 women had zero parity and 121 [54%] women are unemployed.

The utilization of ante natal care is very low in Ethiopia and there is an also urban –rural
disparity as more urban women utilizing the care than rural. As studies conducted in urban and
rural residents of Wombermaworeda in West Go jam with total sample of930 that is from rural
620 and urban 310 showed that213 and 373 of urban and rural attended ante natal care
respectively. Majorityof urban women 65[30.5%] had four ante natal care visits but rural women
only 55[14.7%] had four ante natal care visits. In this study majority of respondents are within
the age group of 25-29 years , 269[87.3%] of urban and 557[96.0%] of rural are orthodox in
religion.

As studies conducted in DejenAneded district in East Go jam in 2014 with a total sample of 521
the marital status ,traveling time to the nearest health facility ,history of abortion ,illness and
source of information regarding ante natal care ,plan of pregnancy and knowledge of mothers
about ante natal care benefit will be significantly associated with ante natal care while
educational status ,occupation and family income did not show association.

According to studies conducted in Hadiya zone in 2009 a total samples691 .This study revealed
that ante natal care serviceutilization in the study area was 86.3%. 249[36%] of the respondents
will be in the age group of 25-29, 546 [79.0%] and 74 [10.7%] will be followers of protestant
and orthodox respectively. 646 [91.2%] of the study will be house wife. Among the women
include in this study 596 [86.3%] had at least one ante natal visit during their last pregnancy
while 95[13.7%] had none. Maternal age, husbandattitude, family size, maternal education and
perceived morbidity will be major predictors of ante natal care service utilization. Regarding the
reason for not attending ANC ,62[65.3%] due to apparently healthy during pregnancy, family
matters , lack of awareness , too far facility,no husband support and long waiting time.

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 CHAPTER THREE
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1. Description of the Study Area
The study will conduct in Woliso town. Woliso is a capital city of South West Shoa zone .It is
located 114km from Addis Ababa to south west. It is one of 20 zone of oromia region and it
covers an area of 4172kilo meter square.Woliso town has 4kebele, two health center, one
hospital and five private clinics that give the health service.The town has a total house hold of
64523 from these 22130 house hold found inAyetukebele and other 17131 house hold found
inEjersakebele, other 11031 house hold found in Horakebeleand 14231 house hold found in
Bur/Gudinakebelerespectively. Commented [WU21]: Please add statements about no of
Reproductive age group, ANC service, its utilization, health facilities
3.2. Study Period providing the services

The study will be conducted from April to July 2019, G.C

3.3. Study design
A community based cross sectional study will be conducted Commented [WU22]: Is it institution based or community
based
3.4. Study and source of population
3.4.1. Source of population
All pregnant mothers under reproductive age group [15-49 years] living in Woliso town
3.4.2. Study population
According to the data obtained from health centers of woliso the target population is one1240 Commented [WU23]: ????

(thousand two hundred forty).

3.5. Sampling size and Sampling technique
3.5.1. Sample size
The sample size will be determined using the standard of single population proportion sample
size formula using confidence interval of 95%.
(Zα/2)2 P(1−P)
ni = =[(1.96)2(40%)(1-40%)]/(0.05)2=369, where:-
e2

n=sample sizeZ=score valueα= confidence interval P=population proportion

e=margin of error [5%=0.05]

𝑛𝑖
nf = 𝑛𝑖−1 =369/[1+(369-1)/1240]=285 where nf =modified sample [final sample]
1+
𝑁

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n= the initial sample N=total number of the study

3.5.2. Sampling Technique

By using stratified sampling technique the study population was divided into strata Commented [WU24]: Did you conduct the research …????

characterize. The town will be stratified in to kebele and depending on the sample size from
each stratum sample can be drawn proportional to their size from each stratum. After that we
use systematic random sampling method. To make the number of sample proportional to the
kebele of the town 285 households will be allocated for two Waliso health centre services. The
sample size for each of the two health center is determined based on the proportionate rate of
their respective population. Based on their proportion the sample size is 285 (248 and37 for
WHC1and WHC2 respectively). The table below shows the details.

W H C 1 1 0 7 9 8 7 % 2 4 8
W H C 2 1 6 1 1 3 % 3 7
T O T A L 1 2 4 0 1 0 0 % 2 8 5

3.5.3. Variable
3.5.3.1. Independent variable
Socio demographic factor: Age, marital status, educational status, occupational status, ethnicity,
monthly income and religion
Other associated factor: Transportation accessibility, Availability of facility, Affordability of Commented [WU25]: What does it mean

service, Culture, Women autonomy, Parity, Knowledge, Previous pregnancy complication and
Distance of the facility
3.5.3.2. Dependent Variable
Utilization or Non utilization of ANC Commented [WU26]: ANC utilization

3.6. Data collection method

3.6.1. Primary data collection methods
To collect the primary data the researcher will be used personal interviews and structured
questionnaires.
3.6.2. Secondary data collection methods Commented [WU27]: I am not clear with it

In secondary data collection different sources will be reviewed like document and manual
reports.

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3.7. Plan of data processing and analyzing
The collected data will be processed and analyzed manually by using frequency count and table
and scientific calculator. The collected data will be coded prior to entering the collected
quantitative data into the computer for data analysis there after the data will be cleaned to ensure
completeness of the information obtained. Finally by triangulating the data obtained through
quantitative and qualitative tools, conclusions will be forwarded for the study.

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CHAPTER 6

Time Schedule and Budget plan

4.1. Time Schedule
No A c t i v i t i e s Months of The Year 2019

Remark

March

April

June
May

July
1 P r o p o s a l w r i t i n g X
2 Sample identification and preparation x
3 D a t a c o l l e c t i o n x
4 D a t a o rg a n i z a t i o n a n d a n a l ys i s X x
st
5 Submission of the 1 draft report X x
6 Contact with advisor X X X x
7 Submission of the final report x

4.2. Budget plan

No I t e m Quantity Unit Price Total Price
B i r r Cents B i r r Cents
1 P a p e r 1 9 5 0 0 9 5 0 0
2 P e n 3 5 0 0 1 5 0 0
3 F l a s h D i s c 1 3 5 0 0 0 3 5 0 0 0
4 R u l e r 1 2 5 0 0 2 5 0 0
5 Telephone/ Fax and postage service - 1 5 0 0 0 1 5 0 0 0
6 I n t e r n e t s e r v i c e - 3 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0
7 S e c r e t a r y S e r v i c e - 2 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0
8 P h o t o C o p y - 5 0 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 0
9 T r a n s p o r t S e r v i c e - 2 5 0 0 0 2 5 0 0 0
1 0 Tea Cost for Focus Group Discussion - 4 0 0 0 0 4 0 0 0 0
11 T o t a l 2 2 8 5 0 0

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CHAPTER 7

REFERENCES
1. Alma A , Aliqureshi A, Mohammed M, Ali A, factors affecting utilization of ante natal
care among in urban slum area ,department of community health science , shifa college of
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