UNIVERSITI KUALA LUMPUR

BRITISH MALAYSIAN INSTITUTE

COURSE: ELECTRICAL SYSTEM BUILDING

CODE: BPB41104

GROUP: L01 – B01

CAPSTONE - DESIGN, INSTALLATIONS AND TESTING OF ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS IN

BUILDING

LECTURER: MOHD AKRAM BIN DANDU

STUDENT:

1) MUHAMMAD SYAZWAN BIN MOHD SHAHRIN (51211116179)

2) AHMAD NAQIYUDDIN BIN AZRI (51211116014)

3) MUHAMMAD FAIZ FADZLI BIN MOHD ISA (51211116008)

4) WAN IRSYAD ‘IZZUDDIN BIN WAN AZMI (51211116171)

5) MUHAMMAD HAZIQ BIN HAZALAN (51211116111)

Introduction

In this technological era, all of the buildings in the world are provided with electrical
wiring. From electric lighting installation for use at night or the socket for the users to charge
the electronic equipment or to turn on an electrical appliances, wiring installation is really
important to people nowadays. It is important for a well-designed and correctly installed
electrical circuits. A good quality and sizing of the cable need to follow the current value passes
through it. Wiring installation also need to meet the requirements from Energy Commission in
order to avoid any accidents happen. Guidelines from Energy Commission need to be
followed to ensure the safety of use while meeting basic wiring requirements. The wiring need
to be based on correct safety procedures and regulations to avoid any possible accidents.

Electric utilities transmit power from the power plant most efficiently at very high
voltages. In Malaysia, buildings consume a total of 48% of the electricity generated in the
country. Commercial buildings consume up to 38,645 Gigawatts (GWh) while residential
buildings consume 24,709 Gwh. Demand for electricity in the country is expected to rise from
91,539 GWh in the year 2007 to 108,732 GWh in 2011. By the year 2020, the energy demand
in Malaysia is expected to reach 116 Million tons of oil equivalents (Mtoe). Demand for wiring
and cabling also expected to grow in the months and years ahead. Low-voltage applications
for light-emitting diode (LED) technology and fiber optic cabling within the power-generation
and telecommunications industries will help drive this market.

There are 5 tests that need to be done for a successful wiring installation which are
Wiring continuity test, Insulation resistance test, Earth continuity test, Earth resistivity test and
Performance test. These tests are really important in order to ensure that the wiring installation
is safe and can be used by the consumer. All of the tests that need to be done is really
important for the safety of the consumer and avoid any accidents.
Planning and design of maximum demand and cable selection.

· Estimation of Diversity Factor

· Calculation of Design Current, IB

· Selection Rating of Protective Devices

· Cable & Sizing of Conductors

Lighting circuit Socket (20A) Socket (32A) Motor

Estimation of diversity 66% of total current 100% of total current 40% current demand to 40% current demand to
factor demand. demand to largest point other point of utilization. other point of utilization.
of utilization.
Calculation of design Design current, IB Design current, IB Design current, IB Design current, IB
current, IB. = 4.17A = 18.75A = 29.17A = 30 A
Current rating for MCB Current rating for MCB Current rating for MCB Current rating for MCB
= 6A = 20A = 32A = 32 A
Rating of protective CA at 35⁰C = 0.94 CA at 35⁰C = 0.94 CA at 35⁰C = 0.94 CA at 35⁰ = 0.94
Devices & Sizing of CG = 0.8 CG = 0.8 CG = 0.8 CG = 0.8
Conductor IZmin = 8A IZmin = 26.6A IZmin = 42.55A IZmin = 42.55A
8A ≈ 15.5A 26.6A ≈ 27A 8A ≈ 47A 8A ≈ 47A

From table 4D1A of From table 4D1A of From table 4D1A of From table 4D1A of
IEEE Reg. column 6, IEEE Reg. column 6, IEEE Reg. column 6, IEEE Reg. column 6,
1mm 2 cable with Current 2.5mm 2 cable with 6mm 2 cable with Current 6mm 2 cable with Current
Rating 6A is selected. Current Rating 20A is Rating 32A is selected. Rating 32A is selected.
selected.
Result & Analysis

Figure 1: Full circuit design for wiring installation

Figure 1 shows the full designed circuit for three phase wiring installation which consists of
two lighting circuits, two socket outlet circuits (Ring and Radial circuit) and a 3 phase of
0.37kW, Cos 0.35 machine with Forward Reverse D.O.L starter. The circuit design was based
on the design’s standard such as IEE Wiring Regulations (BS 7671). The early stage of the
circuit is connected to the three phase wire (red,yellow,blue) and neutral wire to the main fuse
63A and cut off neutral link respectively. Then the connection will be continued to the three
phase meter for measuring the kilowatt hour purposes.
 Figure 2: Circuit breakers, RCD and main switch..

Figure 2 shows the arrangement of circuit breakers, Residual Current Device (RCD) and main
switch. The main switch is the first part of the output wires from three phase meter will be
connected. The main switch acts as “master” switch for all the connection in the designed
circuit. It can connects and disconnects entire circuit. Next, the RCD. RCD is a sensitive device
that will automatically switch off the circuit when fault occurs. It is used for protection to the
user. The last part in the arrangement will be the circuit breakers. Circuit breakers will have
several types for specific purposes. For lighting circuit, 6A circuit breaker will be used. For
radial and ring socket outlet circuit, 20A and 32A circuit breakers will be used.

Figure 3: One way switch lighting circuit

Figure 3 shows the one way switch lighting circuit that has been connected with the 6A circuit
breaker. The bulb will light up when the switch is turned on and did not light up when the switch
is turned off.
 Figure 4: Two way switch lighting circuit

Figure 4 shows the two way switch lighting circuit that connected by using two sets of two way
switches and one set of intermediate switch. The circuit is also connected with the 6A circuit
breaker. The bulb will light up when one of the switches is turned on and did not light up when
the other switches is turned on. This circuit design is basically done in a high-rise building.

Figure 5: Radial and Ring Outlet Socket circuit

Figure 5 shows the circuit design of the radial and ring outlet socket. The first right-side was
the radial circuit and the other two sockets were the ring circuit connection. The difference
between the radial and ring circuit is the electrical appliances will not functioning if the socket
was designed with radial circuit connection when fault occur but the electrical appliances can
functioning well when operate at the ring outlet socket circuit connection. Usually the ring
circuit will be used for high current of electrical appliances than the radial circuit.
 Figure 6: D.O.L motor starter light indicators.

Figure 6 shows the D.O.L motor starter light indicators for forward biased, reverse biased and
fault detection. If the motor is in forward biased, the green light will light up. If the motor is in
reverse biased, the blue light will light up. If there is any fault happened, the red light will light
up. This circuit is known as the control circuit of the D.O.L motor starter.

Figure 7: D.O.L motor starter connection.

Figure 7 shows the D.O.L motor starter connection for forward biased contactor, reversed
biased contactor and the overload relay. The motor will be connected by using the star-delta
connection and connected to the contactors and the overload relay. This circuit is known as
the power circuit for the D.O.L motor starter. The rotor spinned in a clockwise direction when
in forward biased condition and spinned in anti-clockwise direction when in reverse biased
condition. The rotor stopped to spin when the overload relay detected fault.
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

Figure 8 : Single Line Diagram for Wiring Installations

Figure 9 : Schematic Diagram for Wiring Installations

Conclusion

As conclusion, the design for wiring in the building need to follow the guidelines and
regulations that has been done by Energy Commision. The guidelines are really important to
the users before trying to do a wiring installation. At the completion of the electrical installation
works, the entire installation shall be subject to the test before final placing in service under
the full responsibility of the contractor.

The equipment and the type of cable is crucial in wiring installations. If the size of the
cable is not suitable to the amount of current flow, the cable will burn and it can cause damage
to the circuit and accident might occur to the users. It is really important to identify which cable
and the amount of current supply to the socket or plug. The amount of current from Miniature
Circuit Breakers (MCB) is different. It is because electrical appliances in the building do not
use the same amount of current to operate.

After the installation is complete, a test that is known as continuity test needs to be
carried out to check whether the wiring is safe or not. This test will show any faults on the
circuit. If wiring in the building are properly designed and installed they will have safety
mechanisms built into them that will cut off the supply of power if there is a problem. It is most
important to make sure the wiring in the buildings or houses is properly designed and correctly
installed.
References

1. Steward, W. E., & Stubbs, T. A. (2012). Modern wiring practice: design and
installation. Place of publication not identified: Routledge.
2. Suruhanjaya Tenaga. (2012). Information booklet: approval of electrical equipment
(electricity regulations 1994). Putrajaya.
3. Electrical installation design methodology. (n.d.). Retrieved from
http://www.electrical-
installation.org/enwiki/Electrical_installation_design_methodology.
4. Testing and Commissioning In Electrical Construction Works. (n.d.). Retrieved from
https://www.electricveda.com/testing-commissioning/testing-and-commissioning-in-
electrical-construction-works.
5. 17th Edition IET Wiring Regulations: Wiring Systems and Fault Finding for
Installation Electricians. (2015). doi: 10.4324/9781315725659
6. Coker, A. J. (1969). Electric wiring (domestic): a practical guide for installation
engineers, contractors and electric wiremen. Newnes: Butterworths.
7. Wiring Installation – Wire Types. (2018, September 17). Retrieved from
http://www.flight-mechanic.com/wiring-installation-wire-types/.
8. Types of Electrical Wires and Cables. (n.d.). Retrieved from
https://www.homedepot.com/c/ab/types-of-electrical-wires-and-
cables/9ba683603be9fa5395fab909fc2be22.