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Hunter's Curve PDF
Hunter's Curve PDF
the 21 Century
st
2
Hunter’s Curve Predicts Peak Flow
GPM
Fixture Units
3
4
Life in 1940
100
Friday, May 16
Flow (L/min)
80
60
40
20
0
0 4 8 12 16 20 24
Hour
7
One Fixture is a Bernoulli Trial
t
q
Fixture Characteristics
t
q
1 2 3 ••• k ••• n
1
2
3
10
Many Fixtures Exist
1 2 3 ••• k ••• n
1
2
3
Overlapping pulses 11
Design Problem
12
Many Fixtures are Binomial
1 2 3 ••• k ••• n
0.4
0.3
probability
p=0.20; n=7
0.2
0.1
0
0 2 4 6 8
Number of Busy Fixtures
exactly k 7
Pr 0.2 0.8
k 7k
k 0,1,..., 7
busy fixtures k 14
Design Condition is 99th Percentile
Binomial Distribution for Flush Tanks
0.4
0.3
probability
p=0.20; n=7
0.2
0.1
0
0 2 4 6 8
Number of Busy Fixtures
Q(0.99) 20
(gpm)
n=7; Q=16 gpm
10
Fixture Group A
0
0 10 20 30 40
n
4 gpm
Q n 7 0.99 m q 4 fixtures 16 gpm
fixture 16
Design Flows, Two Fixture Groups
40
p=t/T=0.20
30
Q(0.99) 20
(gpm) p=t/T=0.05
10
Fixture Group A
Fixture Group B
0
0 10 20 30 40
n
17
Common Currency One Curve
GPM
Fixture Units
18
Hunter’s Track Record
20
Hunter’s Curve in 1940
GPM
Fixture Units
21
Hunter’s Curve in 2013
LEED,
GPM NZE, HE fixtures = lower q
22
Old Habits Die Hard
24
Aquacraft Data Sets
1 home unique ID
2 range of home IDs
3 Aquacraft data set(s)
4 age of home
5 retrofit status of home (Y/N)
6 geographic location of home
7 fixture performance (NLF, LF, ULF )
8 fixture group
26
Data Base Queries
1 home unique ID
2 range of home IDs
3 Aquacraft data set(s)
4 age of home 9 indoor water use
5 10 (Y/N)outdoor water use
retrofit status of home
6 geographic location 11of homeweekday water use
7 fixture performance 12 weekend
(NLF, LF, ULF ) water use
8 fixture group 13 AM or PM use
14 hot or cold water use *
15 per capita daily water use
16 total annual household water use
27
Data Base Queries
1 home unique ID
2 range of home IDs
3 Aquacraft data set(s)
4 age of home 9 indoor water use
5 10 (Y/N)outdoor water use
retrofit status of home
6 geographic location 11 weekday water use
of home
17 home square footage
7 12 weekend
fixture performance (NLF, LF, ULF ) water use
18 yard square footage
8 fixture group 13 AM or PM use
19 number of bedrooms
14 hot or cold water use
20 number of bathrooms
15 per capita daily water use
21 number of occupants
16 total annual household water use
22 age of occupants
23 water meter size
24 ? _____________
28
Six Types of Residential Fixtures
29
Three Characteristics of Fixtures
t
q
T
30
Water Pulse Characteristics
(example, N=50 homes)
Fixture No of Typical Minimum Average (Nominal) Typical Maximum Standard Deviation Sample Terms and Units
Group Fixtures Water Pulse Water Pulse Water Pulse Water Pulse Size Water Pulse
n q t v=qt q t v=qt q t v=qt q t v N q t v
FG 1 100 1.00 1.50 1.50 1.50 2.00 3.00 2.00 2.50 5.00 0.25 0.25 1.00 774
FG 2 100 1.50 3.50 5.25 3.00 8.00 24.00 3.50 10.00 35.00 0.50 1.50 6.00 191 gpm min gal
FG 4 50 1.00 0.50 0.50 1.00 0.50 0.50 1.00 0.50 0.50 0.00 0.00 0.00 1040.3
Probability of
Fixture Fixture Use Hour ending 7 am
Group p=t/T Fixtures Flow (gpm)
7 am 8 am mean var mean var
FG 1, n=100 0.026 0.041 2.6 2.5 3.9 5.7
FG 2, n=100 0.103 0.051 10.3 9.2 30.9 83.2
FG 4, n=50 0.028 0.019 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4
14.3 13.1 36.2 90.3
+ + + =
33
Questions?
Steven.Buchberger@uc.edu
University of Cincinnati
34
Phones to Faucets Analogy
Hospitals
Schools
Shutterstock.com
36
End User Examples - 2
Opera Houses
Bus/Rail Stations
Shutterstock.com
37
End User Examples – 3…
Hotels, CBD
Sports Stadiums
Shutterstock.com
38