Chapter 1

Introduction

Introduction

The study aims to determine the effect of parent participation in the literacy

instruction in grade 1. The goal of the Department of Education by means of the

Education for All commitment (EFA) is the provision of a quality education that would

produce functionally literate citizens. It was stipulated in the Deped Memorandum order

244 s. 2011 (Department of Education, 2011) that the “(1) reading and literacy should be

strengthened among the pupils and students, (2) motivate the youth to learn from the

lives and works of eminent Filipinos and, (3) withholding of one’s own heritage and

values, and finally (4) make reading a shared physical experience, specifically among

the youth, thereby increasing its relevance amidst the growing reliance on the internet

and inclination to on-line activities.”

This study would contribute to the body of literature on the effects of parent

participation on instruction. This will also test the relationships between the variables.

Parent’s participation on the reading literacy of pupils contribute to the development of

the reading skills of the pupils (Maurin, 2013; Channey, 2014; Gorski, 2013; Fleharty and

Edwards, 2013; Skibbe, Bindman, Hindman, Aram, & Morrison, 2013; Tamis-LeMonda,

Sze, Ng, Kahana-Kalman, & Yoshikawa, 2013) however, the in the primary observation in

Linao Elementary school in that parents have less participations in the instruction. This

research aims to determine how the parents participated and how it affects the learners

and the instruction processes.

 The study will be conducted in the Kilala Elementary school. A school that is part

of the Division of Palawan North Brooke’s Point District. The school has a considerable

population of Indigenous People learners of the Pala’wan ethnicity although there is a

heterogeneous mix of other ethnicities which mainly are migrants of Palawan. Sitio Linao

is part of Baranggay Ipilan Brooke’s Point. It is has running hills and located near the

foothills of the nearby mountains. Agriculture is the main source of income of the

community where majority of the families rely on working as paid farmhands for land

owners. The farm products that were used by the community ranges from coconut, fruit

trees such as rambutan, lansones and pineapple.

The language that were spoken by the community is mixed. Aside from Filipino,

the Pala’wan, Cuyonon, and Visayas based languages were also common. There is also a

significant part of the population who speaks Cebuano, Ilonggo, Ilocano, and Maranao

dialects. The community has already access to electricity but majority of the population

especially those who are living in the more remote areas have no access to it and much so

the exposure to television is not high in many cases.

The similarity of this study is consistent with other studies that aims to understand

the effects of parent participation in reading instruction. The focus of this study however

is on the grade 1. This grade level is critical because it is the first grade level where the

students is introduced to reading. Thus, the expectation that the students in this level has

prior skills on reading are least expected. Another novel idea in this case is that this study

will consider the language spoken in the respective homes of the pupils. This study is

particularly investigated in this case because the local context of the learners is different.

There is a plurality in ethno-linguistic context of the community and thus the researcher
believes that including this to the analysis would deepen the investigation on the effect of

the parents in the performance of the pupils and could thus contribute to the theoretical

framework on reading education.

Another important variable this study is investigating is the literacy level of the

parents. It was observed in the school that will be subjected in the study that there are

cases where parents have admitted that they are illiterate. It would give important

insights for educators for them to understand the social context in which the pupils are

located and could help see issues that when solved could be transformed into chances for

improvement. Understanding the literacy level of the parents could give practical

knowledge for teachers in designing parent involvement of reading instruction design

because there is a possibility that there is a chance that a significant number of parents

are not able to read and write.

Statement of the Problem

The study is entitled “Parents Involvement in Reading Instruction of Grade 1

Pupils in Linao Elementary School North Brooke's Point District”. It aims to determine

the relationship of the Parent’s participation in reading instruction and the performances

of the pupils in learning the reading skill. The study aims to answer the following specific

questions:

1. What is the demographic profile of the respondents in terms of the following:

a. Age?

b. Ethno-linguistic group?

c. Literacy Level?

d. Socio Economic Status?

 e. Educational Attainment

2. How do each individual pupils progress in the reading instruction in terms of

the following?

a. Speed of learning progress

b. Accuracy in reading

c. Speed in reading

3. What is the relationship between the progress of the pupils and the parent’s

participation in the reading instruction?

Significance

The study aims to measure the relationship between the parent participation and

the progress of the pupils in reading instruction. Thus, the study could provide

important implications on the following:

The Department of Education- The research could provide importance

knowledge in the practice of reading instruction which is one of the priority areas on

concern for the government agency in the lieu of our commitment to the Education for

All goals. The Findings in the study could help DEPED in policy making and strategic

planning in the area of reading education.

The Parents- The parents could benefit in this study as the findings could

represent them especially those who are living in the remote area and that they could be

understood by the Department of Education especially the teachers.

 The pupils- the results of the study could provide important ideas that could help

improve the reading instruction theory and practices that will consequently help the

education benefit by being able to access effective instruction.

The research community- the research would contribute to the body of

literature about reading instruction. It could improve the theory and it could raise new

issues in the field that could be subjected to new studies. It is also possible that new

hypothesis would be revealed waiting to be tested by future researches.

Hypothesis

The study has three specific questions and thus will have three hypotheses. The

hypothesis that will be tested are the following:

Hypothesis 1

HO: There no significant variation between the Age, Ethno-linguistic group,

Literacy Level, Socio Economic Status and Educational Attainment.

H1: There no significant variation between the Age, Ethno-linguistic group,

Literacy Level, Socio Economic Status and Educational Attainment.

Hypothesis 2

HO: There is no evidence that pupils are significantly progressing in the in the

reading instruction.

H1: There is no evidence that pupils are significantly progressing in the in the

reading instruction.
 Hypothesis 3

HO: There is no significant relationship between the parent’s participation in the

reading instruction and the pupil’s progress in reading.

H1: There is a significant relationship between the parent’s participation in the

reading instruction and the pupil’s progress in reading

Scope and Delimitation

The study will be delimited in time, local context and topic. The topical

delimitation would be on the effect of participation of parents on the reading instruction

of their children. The study will be conducted on the students and the parents of grade 1

class of Linao Elementary School in the North Brooke’s Point District, Division of

Palawan. The school is located on Sitio Linao, Baranggay Ipilan Brooke’s Point Palawan.

The study will be conducted on from June to March 2019.