KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA, Air Force Station Begumpet

BIOLOGY INVESTIGATORY PROJECT DRUG ADDICTION

2019-20
Submitted by :- P VISHWATEJA
 
This is to certify that this “Biology Investigatory Project’
on the topic “Drug Addiction” has been successfully
completed by Dhananjay Dhiman of class XII— A under
the suidance of Mrs. Janet Edugupanti in particular
fulfilment of the curriculum of Central Board of
Secondary Education leading to the award of annual
examination of the year 2019-20
 Certificate
 

This is to certify that this “Biology Investigatory Project’

on the topic “Drug Addiction” has been successfully
completed by P vishwateja of class XII— A under the
suidance of Mrs. Janet Edugupanti in particular
fulfilment of the curriculum of Central Board of
Secondary Education {CBSE} leading to the award of
annual examination of the year 2016-17.
 
  

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
I have taken efforts in this project. However, it would not have been possible without
the kind support and help of many individuals.
I would like to thank my principal and school for providing me with facilities required to
do my project.
I am highly indebted to my Biology teacher, Mrs. Janet Edugupanti for her invaluable
guidance which has sustained my efforts in all the stages of this project work.
I would also like to thank my parents for their continuous support and encouragement.
 
INDEX
 OBJECTIVE
To study Drugs
classification Addictive
nature and prevention
from addiction
Project Report on Drugs Dependence
Drugs are prescribed by physicians for the prevention or
treatment of diseases, or for increasing the physical and
mental performance and are withdrawn as soon as the
desired effect is achieved. Repeated use of certain drugs
on a periodic or continuous basis may make the body
dependence. Such drugs are called psychotropic drugs.
They act on the brain and alter behavior, consciousness,
and capacity of perception. Hence, they are also termed
mood-altering drugs.
 Introduction
• Drug Addiction" phrase is made by two words:
• Drug
• Addiction
• What is meant by a drug?
• Any substance, other than food, used in the prevention, diagnosis, allaviation
or treatment of a disease is called a drug. A drug may also bedefined as a
chemical which, when taken in some way after the bodyfunction. The drug is
also known as a medicine. Generally, the tem drugsapplied to any
stimulating or depressing substance that can be habituatingor addictive.
• Meaning of Addiction :-
• Addiction is the habitual, psychological and physiological dependence ona
substance or practice. Which is beyond voluntary control. A person whois
habituated to a substance or a practice, especially a harmful one, is calledan
addict.
 Classification of Drugs
• There are a large number of drugs on which people become
dependent.These are classified into four major groups:
sedatives and tranquilizers,opiate narcotics, stimulants and
hallucinogens
Type of Drug Examples Effect
Barbiturates Giving a feeling of calmness ,
Sedatives and tranquillizers Benzodiazepines Relaxation, drowsiness

Opium ,morphine Supress brain activity

Opiate Narcotics Codein,heroine relaxed by pain

Amphetamines Make person more active

Stimulants Caffine,coccaine Wakeful and alert
Cause exitment
Ganja,charas Alter thought feelings
Hallucinogens Hashish And perception
 Combination of drugs and alcohol
• Some addicts use mixtures of drugs to have immediate 'kid' or
'chargeSimultaneous use of drug and alcohol may produce dangerous
effects,including death. When barbiturates and alcohol are taken together,
each doubles the effect of the other. A mixture of cocaine and heroin
calledspeedball gives a spontaneous kick of cocaine and prolonged
pleasure of heroin.
Combination Effect
Markedly increase the
Alcohol + barbiturates
Depresent level

Alcohol + antihistamines Marked drowsiness

Dramatically increase the sedative

Alcohol + varium
effect
Decrease coordination
Alcohol + marijuana
Increase reaction time
Increase changes of damage to Gastric
Alcohol + aspirin mucosa
 How Does drugs addiction begins
• Curiosity
• Friends pressure
• Frustation
• Depression
• The desire for more work
• Lookimg for a dream world
Relief form pain
• Family history
• Exitment and adventure
 Social disease – Smoking
Drinking and use of drugs
• Smoking and drinking and use of drugs frequently orregularly are
social diseases. They adversely affect the healthof the addicts and the
society. Young people take to thesehabits for fun, show off or curiosity,
as an adventure orfeeling of freedom, or as a gesture of defiance
against theelders who themselves indulge in these activities but
checkthe youngsters. Other factors that make people take to
thesevices are the inability to face problems of life indifferenceshown
by members of the family and encouragement orpressure by friends. A
temporary escape from the lifeproblems and mental relaxation felt on
taking the drugs inthe beginning increase person's interest in them.
Soon theybecome habitual and find in difficult to leave. The daily
doseto get the desired effect increases with time.
• As in other countries, the menace of drug addiction isspreading in
India also. A large number of our young menand women have taken to
intoxicants. About 87.6 per centdrug addicts are between the ages of
14 and 25 years.
 Tobacco
• Sources:
• It is a native of South Africa, where the Indian first started smoking. Now "he tobacco plant has
spread the world 'war. It has large. quote to lanceolate ueaves and terminal clusters of tubular, white
or pink flowers.
• Modes of use :
• Tobacco is used for smoking. chewing and snuffing. its main:timulating component is poisonous
volatile alkaloid nicotine.Nhich causes addiction. Nicotine Synthesis occurs in the roots of theslant
but it is stored in the leaves. The leaves contain 2 to 8%nicotine. inhaling tobacco smoke from cigars.
cigarettes. biddies.zipes and hubble-bubble is called smoking. The cigar is a roll of'obacco leaf. The
cigarette is cut tobacco wrapped in paper. Eidi isobacco wrapped. In a piece of leaf. Tobacco smoke
is drawn:lirectly from the pipe and through water is hubee-bubble. Smokingnay give some temporary
relief to the strained nerves but in theong run, it proves a dangerous health hazard. The quantity
ofwicotine contained in one cigar may prove fatal if injectedntravenously into a person. When
smoked only 10% of the smokes inhaled. Hence. no immediate ill effect is observed. Smokers
mayievelop a physiological craving for nicotine and then they cannotgive up smoking.
Effect Of Nicotine
• Nicotine is a low concentration. ‘
• (i) Stimulates conduction of nerveimpulses.
• (ii) Relaxes lhe muscles.
• (iii) Releases adrenaline. increasing heart beat rate and pressure.
• (iv) Increased blood pressure due to smoking chance; the risk ofhean diseases,
• (v) Retards foetal growth in expecting mothers .
• (vi) Causes tobacco addiction. High concentration of nicotineparalyzes nerve cells.
• other effects
• :(i) fmoking effect; economy: A smoker not only waste money buT also runs the risk of burns and fires.
• (ii) Teeth may become stained. Lips mayget discolored and breaih becomes foul, A person wiih a
cigarenehanging from the mouth looks odd.
• (iii) fmoking i: annoying to when: Cigarette smoke is quireannoying to non-smokers. It may prove even more
harmful toiheml A smoker should avoid smoking, When in the company ofnonsmokers. A smoker makes the
person nearby person‘s pasxivesmokers ihrough inhaling smoke releaxed by him.- n
 Alcohol
• Sources:
• Ethyl aleohol. or ethanol. flammable. (olorless liquid having a
penetratingodour and burning taste. It is one of the product: of the
distillation ofiennented grainy. huit juice; and :tatahes with the help oi
yeasi enzymex. itI: the principal constituent and the intoxicating
principle of wines
• Modes of use :
• Alcohol ie taken in low concentration. as me beer. toddy. and wine and
inrelatively high concentration a; arrack, brandy, whiskeyt rum gin.
Vodka EtC.
• Addiction:
• Addiction to alcohol ix called alcoholism. Alcoholic; are found In all
rocietyxeaion of iocieny. Alcohol causes intoxication and mm. acts a: a
poison.They drinker; begin with small doxex. but many of them soon
startconsuming large dose: and become addicts. By the time they
realize thatdrinking in adversely affecting thema it is too late to give it
Why people take drinking:
'The drinkers offer one or more onne following
reasons for starting drinking.
(i) Sociai pressure
(ii) Desire for exciiemeni
(iii) Feeling of independence
(iv) Liking oi iasie
(v) Desire io escape from such reaiiiies of life as
disappoinirnenis andiaiiures and
(vi) .The desire io oiisei «he hardships and
monotony of daiiy life.IS
What happens when alcohol is consumed

Alcohol is quickly absorbed in the stomach and upper part of the

small intestine and reaches all the tissues in minute. Oxidation
starts at once and hear is released.since heat is not required by
the body it is taken up by the blood and carried out to the skin for
dissipation.since the receptor of heat are located in the skin gives
a false impression of warmth. The blood supply reduce because
of the fall of temperature in them
 Conclusion
• Drug use and addiclion cause a Iol of
disease and disability in theworld. Recent
advances in neuroscience may help improve
policiesto reduce the harm that the use of
tobacco, alcohol and otherpxychoaclive
drugs impose on society.
 Bibliography
• See H. Abadimky. Drug Abuse (1989); H. T. Milhorn. Jr.»
ChemicalDependence (1990): D. Baum. Smoke and
Mirrors: The War on Drugs andihe Polmcs of Failure
(1995); M. Massing. The Fix (1998);}. Johnex.Hepcakse
Narcs. and Pipe Dreams: A History of America's
Romance wishIilegai Drugs (1999); publications of the
Drugs & Crime Data Cemer andClearinghouse the
Bureau of Jusiice Siaiistics Clearinghouse and Drug
Information.