Effects of Dengue in Punjab 1

Effects of Dengue
in Punjab

PREPARED FOR
Ali Husnain (comsats university islamabad)
Wah campus

PREPARED BY
Muhammad Sarfraz (FA16-BEE-035)
04,November,2019
Effects of Dengue in Punjab 2

Executive summary
Dengue is a mosquito-borne tropical pandemic infecting up to 390 million people annually, of
which 96 million people manifest the disease. Dengue virus is now endemic in Pakistan, with
official reports documenting a skyrocketing 28,859 cases of dengue in 2018 with 363 deaths. One
must question what appropriate preventative and curative measure should be taken against this
menace.

Table of contents

1) Introduction .............................................................................................................................................. 3
1.1 Background Information: ........................................................................................................................ 3
1.2 Statement of the Problem/Purpose: ......................................................................................................... 3
1.3 Significance of the Study: ....................................................................................................................... 3
1.4 Scope of the Study: ................................................................................................................................. 3
1.5 Limitations of the Study:......................................................................................................................... 4
2) Review of Related Literature ................................................................................................................ 4
2.1 Lack of coordination ........................................................................................................................... 4
2.2 Irresponsibility .................................................................................................................................... 4
2.3 Number of patients .............................................................................................................................. 4
3) Methods of the Study ........................................................................................................................ 4
4) Results and Discussion ................................................................................................................. 4
4.1 LAHORE .................................................................................................................................... 5
4.2 FAISALABAD ........................................................................................................................... 5
4.3 BAHAWALPUR ........................................................................................................................ 5
4.4 MUZAFFARGARH ................................................................................................................... 6
5) Conclusion ................................................................................................................................ 6
6) Recommendations................................................................................................................. 6
6.1 Awareness campaign........................................................................................................... 7
6.2 Be responsible regarding ..................................................................................................... 7
6.3 Grow plants ......................................................................................................................... 7
7) References........................................................................................................................ 7
Effects of Dengue in Punjab 3

1) Introduction
Dengue fever is an important infectious disease in Pakistan with increasingly frequent epidemics.

especially in Punjab. In Pakistan, in the summer of 2011, more than 300 people died of Dengue

fever. The prevalence of the disease was over 14,000. The outbreaks occurred mostly in

the Lahore area, Punjab, Pakistan (alala, 2019).

1.1 Background Information:

Dengue is a disease caused by an arbovirus. This term refers to arthropod-borne viruses, as defined

by the World Health Organization (WHO). Dengue virus belongs to the family Flaviviridae has

four different serotypes. This pathogen is an enveloped virus with icosahedral symmetry and a

diameter of approximately 50 nm. Dengue virus has a genome consisting of a single positive

polarity RNA strand approximately 10.8 kb in length with an open reading frame that encodes a

single polyprotein that is cleaved.

1.2 Statement of the Problem/Purpose:

The purpose of this report is to determine the effects of Dengue fever on the people of Punjab,

Pakistan. Cause according to the official figures, the total number of dengue patients in Punjab has

reached 3,211 so far this year.

1.3 Significance of the Study:

According to the official figures, the total number of dengue patients in Punjab has reached 3,211

so far this year. So this report will provide the statistics about patients of dengue in Punjab.

1.4 Scope of the Study:

This report is only about the patients of dengue in Punjab, Pakistan.
Effects of Dengue in Punjab 4

1.5 Limitations of the Study:

Dengue virus has been spread out in all the cities of Punjab, Pakistan in past couple of years and

now it is difficult to cover all the aspects in a single report.

2) Review of Related Literature

Reviewing of related literature show some aspects which need attention are as follows

2.1 Lack of coordination

The lack of coordination between local health authorities and the district administration in

Lahore is the main cause of dengue’s surge. There were no specified arrangements made by the

administration to test and treat dengue patients, allowing private laboratories to take full

advantage of the situation.

2.2 Irresponsibility
Dengue larvae were recovered from more than 20,000 places in Lahore, including houses,

factories, hotels and graveyards. More than 2,100 cases have been registered against the

concerned people.

2.3 Number of patients

The Punjab health department on Saturday disclosed that 199 cases of dengue have been reported

in various hospitals across the province during the last 24 hours, taking the tally to 3,377 since the

start of this year.

3) Methods of the Study

Collecting the data from the authentic and the relevant sources and verifying the collected data by

cross checking from the different available sources was the method of the study for this report.

4) Results and Discussion

Dengue virus has effects on each and every city of Punjab, Pakistan. Its difficult to share the stats

of every single city of Punjab. So the stats of the big and the most effected cities are as follows
Effects of Dengue in Punjab 5

According to the official figures, the total number of dengue patients in Punjab has reached 3,211

so far this year.

4.1 LAHORE
A spokesperson for the health department here in Lahore said every possible treatment facility is

being provided to the dengue patients and the pace of operation to root out dengue larvae had also

been accelerated. He said out of the total (3,211) dengue patients, 2,552 had been discharged from

the government and private hospitals. Of the admitted patients, six were under treatment in the

intensive care units (ICUs) of the hospitals due to their critical condition while others were reported

to be out of danger. The spokesman further said that during the current year 1,386 cases had been

registered against the people for showing negligence regarding presence of dengue larva and its

growth. Similarly, the teams of health department also got arrested 164 people and issued warning

to 31,984 others for violating anti-dengue regulations.

4.2 FAISALABAD
A 64-old-man dengue patient died at the Allied Hospital. The deceased, identified as Saeed of

Chak 197-RB, was brought to the hospital on Sept 26 and was kept in the isolation ward set up for

dengue patients. A couple of days ago, a 16-year-old boy, Aryan, had succumbed to dengue fever

at the Allied Hospital. Eighteen dengue patients are currently under treatment at the hospital.

4.3 BAHAWALPUR
Four more patients tested positive for dengue fever at the Bahawalpur Victoria Hospital (BVH),

taking the total number of patients admitted to hospital this year to72. Out of 72, 14 are presently

under treatment at the dengue ward of the hospital.

Effects of Dengue in Punjab 6

4.4 MUZAFFARGARH
Fifteen cases of dengue have been confirmed in the Muzaffargarh district, most of them labors

who used to work in other districts. The doctors said there was no shortage of medicines for dengue

treatment in the hospital and all patients had fully recovered except three, who were under

treatment in hospital.

5) Conclusion
It concludes that the Dengue virus causing the deaths of the peoples of Punjab due to the lack of

awareness and irresponsible behavior of the local administration. People should take care of

themselves as well as the government should take some strong measurements for sake of people.

There are some steps or recommendations that should be followed.

6) Recommendations
The recommendations are as follows
Effects of Dengue in Punjab 7

6.1 Awareness campaign

Carrying out awareness campaigns and walks. There is no need to afraid of dengue, but
preventive measures and cleanliness are a must.

6.2 Be responsible regarding

a) Wear full sleeve shirts
b) keep the door close in evening
c) keep your surroundings clean

6.3 Grow plants

Grow plants to keep dengue away. The Punjab Forest Department has advised citizens to grow

special types of plants for the prevention of dengue mosquitoes.

7) References

References
alala. (2019, novenber 04). Retrieved from https://www.nih.org.pk/wp-
content/uploads/2019/05/Advisory-for-Dengue-Fever-May-2019.pdf

alalalala1. (2019, november 04). Retrieved from https://jpma.org.pk/article-details/8672

dawn. (2019, november 04). Retrieved from https://www.dawn.com/news/1510207/over-25000-

dengue-cases-reported-this-year
Effects of Dengue in Punjab 8

paki. (2019, nov 04). Retrieved from https://www.pakistantoday.com.pk/2019/10/12/50000-tested-

positive-for-dengue-across-pakistan-250-dead/

weki. (2019, nov 04). Retrieved from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011_dengue_outbreak_in_Pakistan