Assignment # 2

PHOTOSYNTHESIS & CELL RESPIRATION

LIM, Joan Mari M. G8 October 23, 2019

MASAYA, Richard Noel E. B20
SV03 Miss Heather Belino

QUESTIONS
PART 1

1. Explain the process of photosynthesis. To help you understand the process, photosynthesis
is a metabolic activity which is done in the plant cells of plants. It has two major events:
light dependent reaction, and light independent reaction. What happens during these
events?
o What are the needed compounds/pre-requisites for photosynthesis to occur?

- For photosynthesis to occur, the plant needs, carbon dioxide, water, for producing
glucose and energy which comes from the sun.

o What are the final products of photosynthesis?

- The final products of photosynthesis are glucose which are formed by energy from the
sunlight, and oxygen which are produced from water molecules.

o Summarize the process of photosynthesis through an equation.

- Carbon Dioxide + Water >>> Sunlight = Oxygen and Glucose

2. How does CO2-O2 (gas exchange) occur in plants? Why is this important?

- Through the stomata pores, the gas exchange of plants occur. The stomata absorbs the
carbon dioxide from the environment. The carbon dioxide is absorbed by the chloroplast
together with water. The energy from the sunlight helps synthesize oxygen. When
oxygen is formed in the chloroplast, it will be diffused through the stomata and outside
the plant. The importance of gas exchange is the oxygen provides the life support for
living organisms such as humans and animals. It serves as the atmosphere’s life
sustaining gas.
3. What controls the opening and closing of stomata during gas exchange?

- The stomata is surrounded by 2 guard cells, it regulates the opening and closing of the
stomata.

4. How do C4 plants differ from the other plants

- C4 plants have a different process of photosynthesis than other plants. C4

photosynthesis occurs in the chloroplast and carbon dioxide fixation takes place twice.
While photosynthesis in other plants do not occur in the chloroplast and the carbon
dioxide fixation only takes place once.

5. Define the following terms:

1. Pollination

- Pollination is a process where in the male pollen grains from the anther are transferred
into the stigma of the female flower.

2. Fertilization (in plants)

- Fertilization occurs when the pollination of the male and female plants occur.

3. Germination

- Germination is the process by which an organism grows from a seed or similar structure.
PART II. Respiration
A. Compare and Contrast photosynthesis and respiration by filling up the table below:

Photosynthesis Respiration

Type of chemical reaction Light Energy ATP

Stages involved Light dependent reaction and Glycolysis, Link reaction, the
Light independent reaction Krebs Cycle, and Electron
Transport Chain

Reactants Carbon dioxide, Water Glucose, Oxygen

Products Glucose, Oxygen Carbon Dioxide, Water

Coenzymes used NADH, NADPH, FADH NAD

Organelle involved Chloroplast Mitochondria

Chemical equation 6CO2 + 6H2O —> C6H12O6 + C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6 O 2 --> 6 CO

6O2 2 + 6 H 2 O + ATP

B. Compare alcohol fermentation, lactic acid fermentation, and aerobic respiration

Aerobic Anaerobic Respiration

Respiration
Alcohol Fermentation Lactic Acid
Fermentation
Oxygen Requirement Uses Oxygen Does not need oxygen Does not need
oxygen
Raw Material Glucose and Glucose Glucose
Oxygen
Products Carbon Dioxide Ethanol and Lactate
and Water Carbon Dioxide
Number of ATP molecules 38 ATP 2 ATP 2 ATP
produced

Location in the cell Cytoplasm Micro-organisms Muscle Cells

C. Using the Venn diagram, show the similarities and differences between aerobic and anaerobic
respiration in terms of:

1. Oxygen requirement
2. Number of ATP molecules synthesized
3. Process involved in ATP synthesis
4. Final electron acceptor
5. Location in the cell
6. Products formed
7. Efficiency
8. Raw material

AEROBIC ANAEROBIC

Efficient 38 ATP Requires In-efficient 2 ATP

Eukaryotic Cells glucose and Both Prokaryotic and
2 ATP Eukaryotic Cells
Glycolysis, 2 ATP, 2 NADH,
2 pyruvate 2 ATP, 2 Ethanol, 2 Carbon
Modes of dioxide/ 2 Lactate
Cytosol to Mitochondria
generating Cytosol
Uses Oxygen energy
Does not use oxygen