Contents

1. Preface

2. Introduction

3. Aims and Objectives

4. Methodology and Data Processing

Traverse

Longitudinal and Cross Section

Tacheometry

5. Results and Analysis

Traverse

Longitudinal and Cross Section

Tacheometry

6. Conclusion

7. Comment

8. Referencen

9. Appendix

0
 1) Preface

First of all, thank you extended to our lecturers, Madam Nursyahani to have a lot of
help and guidance to provide important information for us to prepare this report. A special
thanks to the management of UiTM for their support throughout the practical work of this
report. We also thanks to the Geomatic’s Store room for providing equipment or instruments
to doing this practical.

Most of all, we would to thank to our group members for their dedication and play
their responsibilities’ as a group members. In order to finish this practical, we use extra time
while doing this practical to make sure this practical done. We are grateful as all of our
members have given their cooperation and ideas in order to overcome it. From this practical
we have a lot experience and knowledge. This report is the evidence that we had done our
practical task.

1
2) Introduction

2
3) Aims and Objectives

 To get the value of reduced level at every point of cross and long section.

 To get the landscape view of the curve.

 To get the land profile of the curve for the land widening.

 To determine execute of cut and fill of the curve.

 To prepare the new plan of the curve.

3
4) Instruments use in traversing.

 This instrument is integrates theodolite and EDM. Both angle and distance can be
obtained electronically using this instrument. We used 1 total station in this practical
task.

 Prism is a reflactors. We used 2 prisms in doing this practical task.

 Pegs is used to mark the station

4
 Tripod is used to set up total station and prism. We used 3 tripods in this practical
task.

 Mini prism is used as reflector to get the data. Prism can be replaced by mini prism.

 Tape is used to measure the distance from one station to other station and its also used
to measured chainage and intervals.

5
 Nails is used to remarks the station. We used nails or picket in this practical task.

6
 5) Methodology and Data Processing

Traverse

1. Conduct a traverse consists of 6 stations which is started using assumed bearing to be the
Horizontal Control Points.
2. Set up the total station on station 2. Set up the prism at station 1 and station 3.
3. Using the total station, target the prism at station 1 through the telescope and focus the
cross hair on the target.
4. Then turn the horizontal and vertical slow motion screws to make sure the cross hair is
perfectly on the target.
5. Measure the distance and set the datum value into the total station using face left.
6. Then target the prism at station point 3. Then, record the bearing and distance value from
station 1 to station 3 as face left.
7. Turn the telescope 180ºvertically and target the prism at station point 1. Record the
distance and bearing obtained as face right.
8. Repeat step 2 until 7 for other stations. Then, move the total station to another station.

Longitudinal Section and Cross Section

7
1. From the line of traverse of curve establish the longitudinal section and establish 10 meter
of interval along the longitudinal section.
2. The interval should be 10 meters or nearest to 10 meter.
3. Then, after finished longitudinal section, establish cross section which perpendicular 90º
to longitudinal section.
4. The length of cross section 20 m and the 5 meter interval.
5. Firstly, the points of longitudinal section need to be planted with interval 10m from 0m to
30m and 0m to 40m. There are 2 line of longitudinal section, line from Station 2 to
Station 1 and from Station 2 to Station 3.
6. Then, the Reduced Level for each of the longitudinal section points were calculated and
recorded from Station 2.
7. After that, the total station is set up on each of the longitudinal section points with
calculated Reduced Level. Then, the Station 1 is used as the back sight, and turn to 90º
from the back sight. With interval of 5m from 0m to 20m, the details were collected along
the line. The steps were repeated for the line 270º from the back sight.
8. The step 7 is repeated for the rest of the longitudinal section points.
9. The data were recorded manually by hand and automatically by instrument.
10. The data were downloaded and used as the input data for the Civil, Design and Survey
(CDS) and AutoCAD to be processed.
11. Next, by using the data processed by the CDS and AutoCAD, the drawing plans were
drawn with specified format.
12. The longitudinal and cross section profiles were obtained.

Tacheometry

1. Detail survey involves extraction of the surrounding features nearby the stations such as
trees, fences, buildings, etc.
2. Set up Total Station on the station 2 and set back bearing on station 1 as back sight. The
height of instrument (Hi) and height of target (Ht) of the observed features (center of the
prism) were measured and recorded.

8
3. Station 2 is Temporary Bench Mark that was established from the previous practical task,
Precise Levelling. Thus, the Reduced Level of Station 2 is used as the datum for Vertical
Control Points.
4. Collected data for detail features surveying using the total station were horizontal and
vertical angles, horizontal and slope distances.
5. Mini prisms with poles were placed at the features that needed to be taken as detail.
6. The mini prisms were target using the total station and the data observed were recorded.
7. All the collected data and type of detail were recorded in Total Station and in field book.
The types of details were noted in the Total Station and field book.
8. The step 2 – step 6 were repeated for observation on other stations.
9. The value of V was calculated using the observed data, slope distance, L, vertical angle,
Ø. The value of V was calculated first before getting the reduced level (RL) of the target.
10. V was calculated using formula, L × Sin Ø. Value of Ø was calculated by 90ºvertical
angle. V may be positive or negative value.
11. Using the value of V, the RL of target was calculated using the observed data, height of
instrument, Hi, height of target, Ht, reduced level of instrument and V.
12. The formula, RLt = RLi + Hi ± V – Ht for manual calculations in getting the Reduced
Level of target.
13. The details collected were all recorded in the total station. Then the data has been
downloaded from the total station to computer.
14. Next the data has been processed using Civil, Design and Survey (CDS) to get the
Reduced Level of each detail.
15. Then, the data is used as the input data in AutoCAD for the drawing plan of detail.

9
 6) Results and Analysis

Traverse

BEARING /
ANGLE F LINE To Vert Distance Temp Dist Betw Final

Stn Face Left Face Right Mean Final Bearing Ang (m) Support Distance

Datum From 2-1 00 00 00 00 00 00 H 34.970 34.970

(34.970)

1 0 00 00 180 00 00 94 09 20 94 09 16 H 34.970 34.970

2 C = -3.83” (34.970)

3 94 09 07 274 09 32 45.195 45.196

(45.196)

2 274 09 20 94 09 20 203 57 42 203 57 34 H 45.194 45.194

3 C = -7.66” (45.194)

4 203 57 42 23 57 42 35.737 35.738

(35.738)

3 23 57 42 203 57 42 300 00 23 300 00 12 H 35.739 35.739

4 C = -11.49” (35.739)

5 300 00 18 120 00 23 60.283 60.283

(60.283)

4 120 00 23 300 00 23 344 44 05 344 43 50 H 60.254 60.254

5 C = -15.32” (60.254)

6 344 44 09 164 44 00 40.964 40.964

40.963

5 164 44 05 344 44 05 87 52 17 87 51 58 H 40.960 40.960

6 C = -19.15” (40.960)

1 87 52 22 267 52 11 32.446 32.446

(50.012)

6 267 52 17 87 52 17 180 00 23 180 00 00 H 32.446 32.446

1 C= -23” (32.445)

2 180 00 25 00 00 21 34.945 34.945

(34.945)

Observe value 180 00 23

True value 180 00 00

Misclosure +23” 6 stations 2,3,4,5,6,1

C correction Per station 3.83”

10
 New New
Line Bearing Distance Latitude Departure Northing Easting
Latitude Departure
2 1000.000 1000.000
3 94 09 16 45.196 -3.274 45.077 -3.273 45.078 996.727 1045.078
-0.001 +0.001
4 203 57 34 35.738 -32.659 -14.513 -32.658 -14.512 964.069 1030.566
-0.001 -0.001
5 300 00 12 60.283 30.145 -52.205 30.147 -52.205 994.216 978.361
+0.002 -0.000
6 344 43 50 40.964 39.518 -10.788 39.519 -10.787 1033.735 967.574
+0.001 -0.001
1 87 51 58 32.446 1.208 32.424 1.209 32.425 1034.944 999.999
+0.001 +0.001
2 180 00 00 34.945 -34.945 0 -34.944 0.001 1000.000 1000.000
-0.001 +0.001
Total 249.572 -0.007 -0.005 0.000 0.000

Linear misclosure:

= √ (-0.007)² + (-0.005)²

= 0.009

Accuracy:

= 1÷ (249.572÷0.009)

= 1: 27,730m

Area:

= ½ (NE – EN)

= ½ (6,046,133.987-6,041,609.423)

= ½ (4524.564)

= 2262.282m2

11
Longitudinal Section and Cross Section

Below is the data of Reduced Level for each point:

STN 2 1000.000 1000.000 15.61735

STN 1 1034.944 999.999 15.10535

AT/BS 2 00º00’00” 1 1.450

SD/HT 7 0º54”28” 92º13’10” 9.935 1.260 Long

SD/HT 8 0º30”58” 91º08’58” 19.918 1.260 Long

SD/HT 9 0º16”33” 91º05’43” 29.903 1.260 Long

STN 2 1000.000 1000.000 15.61735

STN 1 1034.944 999.999 15.10535

AT/BS 2 00º00’00” 1 1.520

SD/HT 10 90º20’10” 92º21’13” 4.979 1.250 Cross

SD/HT 11 90º29’36” 90º15’19” 9.988 1.250 Cross

SD/HT 12 89º59’55” 89º43’51” 14.980 1.250 Cross

SD/HT 13 89º54’03” 89º32’08” 19.969 1.250 Cross

SD/HT 14 270º12’04” 95º04’24” 5.012 1.250 Cross

SD/HT 15 270º14’34” 93º32’19” 9.999 1.250 Cross

SD/HT 16 270º16’02” 92º41’26” 15.005 1.250 Cross

STN 7 1000.000 1000.000 15.61735

STN 1 1034.944 999.999 15.10535

AT/BS 7 0º00’00” 1 1.520

12
SD/HT 17 269º47’36” 97º18’39” 5.017 1.250 Cross

SD/HT 18 269º59’26” 93º55’49” 9.979 1.250 Cross

SD/HT 20 270º03’55” 92º42’24” 15.003 1.250 Cross

SD/HT 21 270º04’39” 92º07’44” 19.973 1.250 Cross

STN 8 1000.000 1000.000 15.61735

STN 1 1034.944 999.999 15.10535

AT/BS 8 0º00’00” 1 1.520

SD/HT 26 160.0000 86.0855 19.969 1.300 Cross

SD/HT 27 160.0000 86.4403 14.911 1.300 Cross

SD/HT 28 160.0000 88.0849 9.963 1.300 Cross

SD/HT 29 160.0000 91.3319 4.948 1.300 Cross

SD/HT 30 340.0000 94.2529 5.060 1.300 Cross

SD/HT 31 340.0000 94.4617 9.978 1.300 Cross

SD/HT 32 340.0000 92.3431 15.032 1.300 Cross

SD/HT 33 340.0000 92.2143 19.953 1.300 Cross

STN 9 1000.000 1000.000 15.61735

STN 1 1034.944 999.999 15.10535

AT/BS 9 0º00’00” 1 1.520

SD/HT 26 160.0000 86.0855 19.969 1.300 Cross

SD/HT 27 160.0000 86.4403 14.911 1.300 Cross

SD/HT 28 160.0000 88.0849 9.963 1.300 Cross

SD/HT 29 160.0000 91.3319 4.948 1.300 Cross

13
SD/HT 30 340.0000 94.2529 5.060 1.300 Cross

SD/HT 31 340.0000 94.4617 9.978 1.300 Cross

SD/HT 32 340.0000 92.3431 15.032 1.300 Cross

SD/HT 33 340.0000 92.2143 19.953 1.300 Cross

STN 2 1000.000 1000.000 15.61735

STN 3 996.727 1045.078 17.03535

AT/BS 2 90º09’16” 3 1.570

SD/HT 30 93º52’40” 89º34’09” 9.921 1.260 Long

SD/HT 31 93º51’05” 88º58’15” 19.907 1.260 Long

SD/HT 32 93º51”09” 88º51’02” 29.906 1.260 Long

SD/HT 33 94º09’39” 88º41’42” 39.847 1.260 Long

STN 2 1000.000 1000.000 15.61735

STN 3 996.727 1045.078 17.03535

AT/BS 2 90º09’16” 3 1.570

SD/HT 34 90º12’55” 91º05’04” 4.952 1.260 Cross

SD/HT 35 90º17’28” 89º25’21” 9.966 1.260 Cross

SD/HT 36 90º18’33” 89º08’50” 14.953 1.260 Cross

SD/HT 37 90º31’43” 87º54’34” 19.866 1.260 Cross

SD/HT 38 269º04’45” 94º04’04” 4.975 1.260 Cross

SD/HT 39 269º11’16” 92º05’26” 9.943 1.260 Cross

SD/HT 40 269º11’25” 91º21’22” 14.954 1.260 Cross

SD/HT 41 269º06’12” 91º00’01” 19.952 1.260 Cross

14
STN 30 1000.000 1000.000 15.61735

STN 3 996.727 1045.078 17.03535

AT/BS 30 90º09’16” 3 1.570

SD/HT 42 91º13’02” 90º58’33” 4.942 1.260 Cross

SD/HT 43 90º14’02” 89º59’51” 9.901 1.260 Cross

SD/HT 44 90º13’53” 88º50’12” 14.929 1.260 Cross

SD/HT 45 90º13’10” 88º54’10” 19.928 1.260 Cross

STN 31 1000.000 1000.000 15.61735

STN 3 996.727 1045.078 17.03535

AT/BS 31 90º09’16” 3 1.570

SD/HT 46 91º36’13” 90º51’55” 4.864 1.312 Cross

SD/HT 47 91º18’33” 89º25’49” 9.905 1.260 Cross

SD/HT 48 92º07’29” 89º02’12” 14.937 1.260 Cross

SD/HT 49 92º19’01” 88º27’27” 19.981 1.260 Cross

SD/HT 50 269º36’54” 95º18’15” 4.986 1.260 Cross

SD/HT 51 268º14’20” 92º54’11” 9.971 1.260 Cross

SD/HT 52 266º08’27” 92º33’50” 14.943 1.260 Cross

SD/HT 53 266º08’29” 92º18’29” 19.953 1.260 Cross

STN 32 1000.000 1000.000 15.61735

STN 3 996.727 1045.078 17.03535

AT/BS 32 90º09’16” 3 1.570

SD/HT 54 89º23’30” 89º55’36” 4.972 1.250 Cross

15
SD/HT 55 89º01’26” 88º26’29” 9.984 1.250 Cross

SD/HT 56 89º08’33” 88º03’26” 14.972 1.250 Cross

SD/HT 57 Cross

SD/HT 82 291.4452 93.1135 4.943 1.300 Cross

SD/HT 83 291.4452 90.3828 9.944 1.300 Cross

SD/HT 84 291.4452 90.4348 14.944 1.300 Cross

SD/HT 85 291.4452 90.4236 20.011 1.300 Cross

STN 3 1981.450 953.500 19.270

STN 2 2000.000 1000.000 20.757

AT/BS 3 21.4452 2 1.606

SD/HT 86 111.4452 84.0338 20.195 1.300 Cross

SD/HT 87 111.4452 83.4211 15.197 1.300 Cross

SD/HT 88 111.4452 86.2133 10.083 1.300 Cross

SD/HT 89 111.4452 90.5103 4.915 1.300 Cross

SD/HT 90 291.4452 93.4237 5.036 1.300 Cross

SD/HT 91 291.4452 90.1957 9.938 1.300 Cross

16
Below is the data of Longitudinal and Cross Section Profile and the Profiles are
shown in Appendix:

1 0.000 0.000 23.189

42 0.000 20.000 25.416

43 0.000 15.000 25.273

44 0.000 10.000 25.075

45 0.000 5.000 23.507

46 0.000 -5.000 23.142

47 0.000 -10.000 22.983

48 0.000 -15.000 22.832

49 0.000 -20.000 22.760

9 10.000 0.000 22.643

34 10.000 20.000 25.015

35 10.000 15.000 24.851

36 10.000 10.000 24.688

37 10.000 5.000 23.207

38 10.000 -5.000 22.512

39 10.000 -10.000 22.389

40 10.000 -15.000 22.369

41 10.000 -20.000 22.162

8 20.000 0.000 22.066

26 20.000 20.000 22.683

27 20.000 15.000 23.191

28 20.000 10.000 22.664

29 20.000 5.000 22.208

17
 30 20.000 -5.000 21.952

31 20.000 -10.000 21.512

32 20.000 -15.000 21.667

33 20.000 -20.000 21.520

7 30.000 0.000 21.470

18 30.000 20.000 22.908

19 30.000 15.000 22.775

20 30.000 10.000 22.602

21 30.000 5.000 22.038

22 30.000 -5.000 21.431

23 30.000 -10.000 21.140

24 30.000 -15.000 20.996

25 30.000 -20.000 20.789

6 40.000 0.000 20.918

10 40.000 20.000 22.485

11 40.000 15.000 22.400

12 40.000 10.000 22.256

13 40.000 5.000 21.819

14 40.000 -5.000 20.914

15 40.000 -10.000 20.771

16 40.000 -15.000 20.616

17 40.000 -20.000 20.284

50 50.000 0.000 20.441

54 50.000 20.000 22.665

55 50.000 15.000 22.448

1 34.677

18
2 10 34.566

56 50.000 10.000 22.283

57 50.000 5.000 21.360

58 50.000 -5.000 20.365

59 50.000 -10.000 20.280

60 50.000 -15.000 19.704

61 50.000 -20.000 19.407

51 60.000 0.000 20.107

62 60.000 20.000 22.601

63 60.000 15.000 23.359

64 60.000 10.000 22.063

65 60.000 5.000 21.074

66 60.000 -5.000 20.198

67 60.000 -10.000 20.129

68 60.000 -15.000 19.901

69 60.000 -20.000 19.481

52 70.000 0.000 19.879

70 70.000 20.000 22.514

71 70.000 15.000 22.241

72 70.000 10.000 22.012

73 70.000 5.000 20.751

74 70.000 -5.000 19.949

75 70.000 -10.000 19.852

76 70.000 -15.000 19.675

77 70.000 -20.000 19.466

19
 53 80.000 0.000 19.606

78 80.000 20.00 22.132

79 80.000 15.000 22.009

80 80.000 10.000 21.498

81 80.000 5.000 20.090

82 80.000 -5.000 19.631

83 80.000 -10.000 19.795

84 80.000 -15.000 19.716

85 80.000 -20.000 19.658

3 90.000 0.000 19.270

86 90.000 20.000 21.666

87 90.000 15.000 21.243

88 90.000 10.000 20.216

89 90.000 5.000 19.503

90 90.000 -5.000 19.520

91 90.000 -10.000 19.518

Tacheometry

Data of Tacheometry:

STN 2 2000.000 1000.000 20.757

STN 1 2046.996 1017.104 23.189

AT/BS 2 70.0004 1 1.550

SD/HT 2001 73.3146 87.0423 54.168 1.300 TL

SD/HT 2002 75.1148 88.0417 18.773 1.300 TL

SD/HT 2003 78.0433 88.4729 10.450 1.300 TL

SD/HT 2004 76.4732 88.3640 24.362 1.300 LGKG

SD/HT 2005 84.2539 91.1916 9.672 1.300 LGKG

20
SD/HT 2006 89.4540 85.4002 19.629 1.300 PKK

SD/HT 2007 95.2228 85.1904 15.908 1.300 PKK

SD/HT 2008 101.3441 83.5507 12.270 1.300 PKK

SD/HT 2009 109.4815 84.2737 16.867 1.300 TNH

SD/HT 2010 117.2708 83.5222 9.000 1.300 PKK

SD/HT 2012 99.3410 93.1711 5.615 1.300 LGKG

SD/HT 2014 50.5505 89.1256 11.653 1.300 JLN

SD/HT 2015 42.4053 89.4222 8.928 1.300 JLN

SD/HT 2016 33.1456 90.2839 7.044 1.300 JLN

SD/HT 2017 25.5854 90.5656 6.105 1.300 JLN

SD/HT 2018 6.2932 92.1007 4.587 1.300 JLN

SD/HT 2019 347.5015 93.1216 3.941 1.300 JLN

SD/HT 2020 323.0925 94.0906 3.741 1.300 JLN

SD/HT 2021 302.5731 94.4208 3.772 1.300 JLN

SD/HT 2022 278.1911 94.4944 4.503 1.300 JLN

SD/HT 2023 262.1801 94.3344 5.488 1.300 JLN

SD/HT 2024 249.3839 94.1848 6.666 1.300 JLN

SD/HT 2025 239.5011 94.0425 8.130 1.300 JLN

SD/HT 2026 234.2359 93.4305 9.438 1.300 JLN

SD/HT 2027 229.3543 93.1758 11.302 1.300 JLN

SD/HT 2028 226.2409 93.0313 12.933 1.300 JLN

SD/HT 2029 223.4228 92.5025 14.450 1.300 JLN

SD/HT 2030 221.1826 92.4249 15.877 1.300 JLN

SD/HT 2031 219.5252 92.3049 17.833 1.300 JLN

SD/HT 2032 217.2650 92.2357 19.492 1.300 JLN

SD/HT 2033 156.5341 84.2711 10.648 1.300 PKK

SD/HT 2034 170.0430 86.0700 13.666 1.300 PKK

SD/HT 2035 174.5836 87.0251 17.734 1.300 PKK

SD/HT 2036 179.4632 87.3338 21.199 1.300 PKK

SD/HT 2037 190.1918 93.5159 14.006 1.300 LGKG

SD/HT 2038 196.1027 92.4529 11.905 1.300 PKK

SD/HT 2039 191.3249 92.4226 8.002 1.300 PKK

SD/HT 2040 162.2712 99.2018 3.543 1.300 LGKG

SD/HT 2041 131.4040 101.0702 2.780 1.300 LGKG

SD/HT 2042 106.0717 97.0436 3.810 1.300 LGKG

21
SD/HT 2043 129.2446 82.3209 9.551 1.300 PAR

SD/HT 2044 172.2406 86.5905 20.050 1.300 PAR

SD/HT 2046 99.5439 84.4508 17.743 1.300 PAR

SD/HT 2047 247.4126 92.3259 16.974 1.300 TL

SD/HT 2048 282.0310 92.2902 13.961 1.300 PKK

SD/HT 2049 296.4550 92.2614 13.923 1.300 TL

SD/HT 2050 335.0411 91.3236 25.293 1.300 PKK

SD/HT 2051 344.5419 91.0232 32.825 1.300 PKK

SD/HT 2052 348.4332 91.0109 36.523 1.300 TL

SD/HT 2053 351.0105 90.5659 40.686 1.300 PKK

SD/HT 2054 354.5155 90.5035 49.483 1.300 PKK

SD/HT 2055 345.3400 91.5502 50.826 1.300 TNH

SD/HT 2056 332.1994 92.1409 59.589 1.300 TNH

SD/HT 2057 318.5743 92.3806 57.367 1.300 TNH

SD/HT 2058 319.0704 92.5432 45.779 1.300 TNH

SD/HT 2059 328.3314 92.2940 33.484 1.300 TNH

SD/HT 2060 300.1043 93.1834 34.246 1.300 TNH

SD/HT 2061 303.0953 94.0836 21.175 1.300 TNH

SD/HT 2062 252.2753 93.2839 27.909 1.300 TNH

SD/HT 2063 249.0516 92.3749 42.253 1.300 PGR

SD/HT 2064 245.0751 92.3514 33.803 1.300 PGR

SD/HT 2065 239.2355 92.2543 35.326 1.300 PGR

SD/HT 2066 229.3221 92.0801 39.709 1.300 PGR

SD/HT 2067 214.3702 91.3341 52.636 1.300 PGR

SD/HT 2068 202.2812 91.5647 50.642 1.300 JLN

SD/HT 2069 214.1831 91.3717 40.726 1.300 PKK

SD/HT 2070 217.3141 91.4841 38.594 1.300 TL

SD/HT 2071 2.4642 90.4449 30.354 1.300 PKK

SD/HT 2072 10.2351 90.4914 27.479 1.300 PKK

SD/HT 2073 10.2345 90.4238 22.899 1.300 PKK

SD/HT 2074 11.5258 90.3944 32.636 1.300 PKK

SD/HT 2075 4.5019 90.5515 34.659 1.300 PKK

SD/HT 2076 12.0712 90.2548 37.397 1.300 PKK

SD/HT 2077 16.3811 90.1855 35.243 1.300 PKK

SD/HT 2078 21.3824 89.4518 43.245 1.300 PKK

22
SD/HT 2079 69.3015 86.4022 46.050 1.300 JLN

STN 3 1981.450 953.500 19.270 TRAV

STN 4 1974.343 997.718 19.231 TRAV

STN 5 2009.108 1029.033 20.736 TRAV

23
7) Conclusion

24
8) Comments

9) Reference

10) Appendix

25
26