A Project Report on Inverter using IC 4093 NAND Gate & MOSFET switching

Introduction: An inverter refers to a power electronic device that converts power in DC form
to AC form at the required frequency and voltage output.
Inverters are classified into two main categories –
 Voltage Source Inverter (VSI) − The voltage source inverter has stiff DC source voltage
that is the DC voltage has limited or zero impedance at the inverter input terminals.
 Current Source Inverter (CSI) − A current source inverter is supplied with a variable
current from a DC source that has high impedance. The resulting current waves are not
influenced by the load.

Circuit Diagram:

Components & Description:

1) IC 4093: It is a quad NAND gate Schmitt Trigger IC; a single NAND is wired up as an astable
multivibrator for generating the base square pulses.

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2) IRF 540 MOSFET: It is a n-channel powered MOSFET used for very fast switching
operations as well as for amplification processes. It operates in enhancement mode. Its input
impedance is quite high as compared to the general transistor so, it’s a lot sensitive in
comparison to them. It has a lot of applications in daily life for example, switching
regulators, relay drivers, switching converters, motor drivers, high speed power switching drivers
etc.

3) 220k Potentiometer: A potentiometer is a passive electronic component. Potentiometers work

by varying the position of a sliding contact across a uniform resistance. Potentiometer is used to
adjust the frequency of output voltage.
f = 1 /(1.2RC) where, R = R1 set value, and C = C1

4) Resistors: R2, R3, R4, R5 = 1K

5) Capacitors: C1 = 0.01uF, C3 = 0.1uF

Theory:
Inverters are often needed at places where it is not possible to get AC supply from the Mains. An
inverter circuit is used to convert the DC power to AC power. The basic idea behind every
inverter circuit is to produce oscillations using the given DC and apply these oscillations across
the primary of the transformer by amplifying the current. This primary voltage is then stepped up
to a higher voltage depending upon the number of turns in primary and secondary coils.

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Using IC 4093 NAND Gates for the Oscillator Circuit:
The output from the above oscillator stage is tied with a couple of more NAND gates used as
buffers, whose outputs are ultimately terminated with the gate of the respective MOSFETs. The
two NAND gates are connected in series such that the two MOSFETs receive opposite logic
levels alternately from the oscillator stage and switch the MOSFETs alternately for making the
desired inductions in the input winding of the transformer. The value of the resistor or the
capacitor may be adjusted for acquiring either a 50 Hz or 60 Hz pulses. For 220 V applications
50 Hz option needs to be selected and a 60 Hz for the 120 V versions.
MOSFET Switching:
The above switching of the MOSFETs stuffs the entire battery current inside the relevant
windings of the transformer, inducing an instant stepping up of the power at the opposite
winding of the transformer where the output to the load is ultimately derived. The MOSFETs are
capable of handling more than 25 Amps of current and the range is pretty huge and therefore
becomes suitable driving transformers of different power specs. It’s just a matter of modifying
the transformer and the battery for making inverters of different ranges with different power
outputs.

Applications:

1. This circuit can be used to drive low power AC motors.

2. It can be used in solar power system.

3. It is used for powering most of the household electrical appliances (resistive and SMPS
loads).

Nachiket Dandare (171030068)

Pranav Bahalkar (171030069)
Tarik Khan (171030070)
Bharat Sonare (171030073)
Vishal Dixit (171030086)

Department of Electrical Engineering

Veermata Jijabai Technological Institute, Mumbai