ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo

universiteti

elene gogiaSvili

amerikis xalxTa miTologia

Tbilisi
gamomcemloba „universali“
universali“
2010
 winamdebare saxelmZRvanelo momzadda ivane javaxiSvilis
saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis humanitarul
mecnierebaTa fakultetze, amerikismcodneobis mimarTulebis sa-
bakalavro programis farglebSi.
„amerikis xalxTa miTologia“ pirveli saxelmZRvaneloa
qarTul enaze, romelSic warmodgenilia zogadi informacia ame-
rikis xalxTa miTologiuri sistemebis, maTi RvTaebebisa da mi-
Tologiuri gmirebis Sesaxeb. amerikis xalxTa miTologiis gac-
noba students daexmareba amerikuli kulturis TaviseburebaTa
axsnaSi, romelzec cnobierad da qvecnobierad gavlena moaxdina
amerikis aborigeni mosaxleobis kulturam.
saxelmZRvanelo gankuTvnilia umaRlesi saswavleblebis
studentebisa da zogadad miTologiiT dainteresebuli mkiTxve-
lisTvis.

redaqtori: filosofiis mecnierebaTa doqtori anastasia

zaqariaZe

recenzentebi: filologiis doqtori qeTevan sixaruliZe

istoriis mecnierebaTa doqtori qeTevan xuciSvi-
li

Elene Gogiashvili
Mythology of Peoples in America
(In Georgian)

garekanis dizaini: irakli garayaniZe

© elene gogiaSvili, 2010

gamomcemloba „universali“

ISBN 978-9941-12-835-6

2
 Sinaarsi

winaTqma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
I Tavi. Sesavali. ras Seiswavlis sagani „amerikis xal-
xTa miTologia“ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
II Tavi. amerikis xalxTa miTologiuri gadmocemebis
periodizacia da miTis arsebobis formebi . . . . . . . . 19
III Tavi. uZvelesi kulturebi CrdiloeT, centralur
da samxreT amerikaSi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
IV Tavi. arqauli miTebi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
V Tavi. uzenaesi RvTaebebi centraluri amerikis xal-
xTa miTologiaSi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
VI Tavi. qalRmerTebi indielTa miTologiaSi . . . . . . 50
VII Tavi. kosmogonia, anTropogonia da esqatologia . 62
VIII Tavi. kulturuli gmiri da demonebi amerikis
xalxTa miTologiaSi. Samanizmi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
IX Tavi. samyaros xe amerikis xalxTa miTologiaSi . . 76
X Tavi. samyaros gaazreba maias miTologiaSi . . . . . . 83
XI Tavi. samyaros gaazreba actekebis miTologiaSi . . 88
XII Tavi. miTologiuri gadmocemebi samxreT amerikaSi 93
XIII Tavi. afro-amerikelTa miTologiuri rwmena-war-
modgenebi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
XIV Tavi. indielTa da afro-amerikelTa zRaprebi . . 102
XV Tavi. miTebi Tanamedrove sazogadoebaSi . . . . . . . 113
danarTi (teqstebi) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121
legenda sinaTleze (brazilia). . . . . . . . . . . .
ori TuTiyuSi (brazilia) . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
rogor gaCnda mze da mTvare (brazilia) . . . . .
rogor gaCnda Rame (cecxlovani miwa) . . . . . . .
ratom aris Rame grZeli (cecxlovani miwa) . . .
ratom dadis mze nel-nela (cecxlovani miwa) . .
varskvlavi (brazilia) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
rogor gaCndnen varskvlavebi (brazilia) . . . . .
legenda cecxlis gaCenaze (brazilia) . . . . . . .
rogor gaCnda Rame (brazilia) . . . . . . . . . . . .
legenda maniokze (brazilia) . . . . . . . . . . . . .
rogor gaCnda dedamiwaze Tambaqo, simindi, webo
da bamba (brazilia) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
wiTeli ciyvi (brazilia) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
rogor gaCnda simindi (tropikuli tyeebi) . . . .

3
mani (tropikuli tyeebi) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
rogor iswavles indielebma Taflis dResaswau-
lis mowyoba (tropikuli tyeebi) . . .
rogor gaCndnen warRvnis Semdeg mdinareebi da
mxecebi (brazilia) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
mTis yvavili (andebis mTianeTi) . . . . . . . . . . .
iStlaksiuatlisa da popokatepetlis vulkanebis
legenda (meqsika) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
reiniris mTa da warRvna (Crdilo-dasavleT sana-
piro) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
krateris tba da ori monadire (Crdilo-dasav-
leT sanapiro) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
saidan modis potlaCi (Crdilo-dasavleT sanapi-
ro) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
rogor gaCndnen adamianebi da saidan warmoiSvnen
inkebi (andebis mTianeTi) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
rogor gaCnda mze da mTvare (meqsika) . . . . . . .
rogor ubiZges cas (Crdilo-dasavleT sanapiro).
rogor moipares adamianebma cecxli (brazilia) .
koioti da arwivi gardacvlilTa qveyanaSi
(Crdilo-dasavleT sanapiro) . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Svidi eSmakis mTebi (Crdilo-dasavleT sanapiro)
rogor gaxda koioti gansakuTrebuli Zalis pat-
roni (Crdilo-dasavleT sanapiro) . . . . . . .
koioti da urCxuli mdinare kolumbiidan (Crdi-
lo-dasavleT sanapiro) . . . . . . . . . . . . .
rogor exmareboda koioti xalxs (Crdilo-dasav-
leT sanapiro) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
xeoba uilametis gamoqvabulis urCxuli (Crdi-
lo-dasavleT sanapiro) . . . . . . . . . . . . .
ku da kaipora (brazilia) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
adamiani da ku (brazilia) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
aru (brazilia) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Juruparis sakravebis motaceba (brazilia) . . . .
Citi kolibri (brazilia) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
memalusi – gardacvlilTa kunZuli (Crdilo-da-
savleT sanapiro) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
wminda fleita (tropikuli tyeebi) . . . . . . . .
legenda TeTri irmisa (Crdilo-dasavleT sanapi-

4
 ro) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Samani maxanakolo (tropikuli tyeebi) . . . . . .
saidan gaCnda kaktusi peiote (meqsika) . . . . . .
rogor daexmara taiini adamianebs (cecxlovani
miwa) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
aramasa da RvTismSobeli (brazilia) . . . . . . . .
mSieri glexi, RmerTi da sikvdilis Jami (meqsi-
ka) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
qaCali (brazilia) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
quxili da misi siZe (Crdilo-dasavleT sanapi-
ro) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
sami Zma da bayayi (meqsika) . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
yanebis locva-kurTxeva (h. longfelo) . . . . . .
zRapris analizi v. propis sqemis mixedviT . . . . . . .
sagamocdo testis nimuSi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
glosariumi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
personalia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
literatura . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5
 CONTENTS

Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
I. Introduction. What is the object of the Mythology
Studies of peoples in America? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
II. Dating of mythological Tales. Main forms of myths .
III. The oldest cultures in North, Central and South
America . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
IV. Archaic myths. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
V. The highest divinities in Mesoamerican Indian
mythology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
VI. The goddesses in Mesoamerican Indian mythology .
VII. Cosmogony, anthropogony and eschatology . . . . . .
VIII. Culture hero and demons. Shamanism . .
IX. The world tree in the mythology of peoples in
America . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
X. The image of the universe in Maya mythology . . . . .
XI. The image of the universe in Aztec mythology . . . . .
XII. Mythological tales in South America . . . . . . . . . . . .
XIII. Afro-American mythological beliefs . . . . . . . . . . . .
XIV. Indian and Afro-American folktales . . . . . . . . . . . .
XV. Myths in the modern American society . . . . . . . . . .
Appendix: Samples of Indian and Afro-American
folktales . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
The analysis of a folktale according to the V. Propp’s
scheme . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
The sample of the exam test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Glossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Personalia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Bibliography. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

6
 winaTqma

„amerikis xalxTa miTologia“ momzadda ivane javaxiS-

vilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis hu-
manitarul mecnierebaTa fakultetze, amerikismcodneobis
mimarTulebis sabakalavro programis farglebSi arsebuli
saleqcio kursis Sesabamisad, daiwera 2007-2010 wlebSi.
wignSi gamoyenebuli swavlebis meTodebi, sadiskusio Teme-
bi, praqtikuli samuSaoebi da teqstis analizi aprobirebu-
lia saleqcio kursis „amerikis xalxTa miTologiis”
msvlelobisas.
„amerikis xalxTa miTologia“ pirveli saxelmZRvane-
loa qarTul enaze, romelSic Tavmoyrilia zogadi cnobebi
amerikis xalxTa miTologiuri sistemebis Sesaxeb indielTa
da afro-amerikelTa folkloruli gadmocemebis nimuSebi-
TurT.
wigni agebulia SedarebiTi miTologiis principiT. Ta-
vebi dalagebulia Tematurad miTologiis saxeebis mixedviT
(uzenaesi RvTaebebi, amindis RvTaebebi, qalRmerTebi, samya-
ros gaazreba da a. S.). saxelmZRvanelo TxuTmeti Tavisgan
Sedgeba. yoveli Tavis bolos miTiTebulia Tema saSinao da-
valebisTvis da gamoyenebuli literatura.
saxelmZRvanelos axlavs danarTi – folkloruli
teqstebi: indielTa da afro-amerikelTa zepiri gadmoceme-
bi. praqtikuli davalebebi saSualebas iZleva amerikis
xalxTa miTologiuri sistemebis ukeT gaazrebisa da miTe-
bis sxva zepiri Janrebisgan gansxvavebisaTvis.
garda teqstebisa, damatebaSi mocemulia testis vari-
anti Sualeduri SemowmebisaTvis da teqstis struqturu-
li analizis nimuSi.
glosariumi da personalia damxmare informaciis Sem-
cvelia im saganTa da pirTa Sesaxeb, romlebic moxsenie-
bulni arian saxelmZRvanelos ZiriTad nawilSi.
guliTad madlobas movaxseneb profesorebs – anasta-
sia zaqariaZes, qeTevan sixaruliZesa da qeTevan xuciSvils
saxelmZRvaneloze muSaobis periodSi gaweuli konsulta-

7
ciebisa da saqmiani SeniSvnebisaTvis; meqsikel da brazili-
el megobrebs igal mendikutis, roberto vilasa da marse-
lu nuneS alveS koStas – saintereso saubrebis, rCevebisa
da fotoebis mowodebisaTvis; Cems studentebs – diskusii-
sa da azrebis gaziarebisaTvis.

8
`... da Tu Tqvenc giyvarT Tqveni war-
suli,
Tqveni zRaprebi da legendebi,
romlebic xavsiT dafarul xelebs
Tqvenken iwvdian da gaCereben,
da gaxseneben gardasul ambebs
amRerebuli da tkbili eniT –
yuri daugdeT am Zvel legendas...“

h. longfelo

9
10
 I Tavi

ras Seiswavlis sagani „amerikis xalxTa

miTologia”?

amerikis xalxTa miTologiis Seswavlis is-

toriidan. terminologiuri ganmartebebi. mi-
Tologiis interpretaciebi. amerikis xalxTa
miTologiis Seswavlis wyaroebi.

amerikis xalxTa miTologia zogadad gulisxmobs yve-

la im xalxTa miTologiur sistemebs, romlebic amerikis
kontinentze arsebobs: Crdilo, centraluri da samxreT
amerikis indielTa, afro-amerikelTa da evropuli warmo-
mavlobis xalxTa.
miuxedavad urTierTgansxvavebuli kulturebisa, ameri-
kis teritoriaze mcxovreb xalxebs mainc erT sivrceSi
moviazrebT kulturuli kontaqtebis, kulturuli cvli-
lebebis, kulturuli Rirebulebebis, adaptaciisa da asimi-
laciis gamo.
amerikis xalxTa miTologiaSi igulisxmeba Semdegi mi-
Tologiuri sistemebi:
• Crdilo amerikis indielTa (kalifornieli in-
dielebi, preriebis indielebi, eskimosebi);
• centraluri amerikis indielTa (maia, acteki);
• samxreT amerikis indielTa (inka, braziliis te-
ritoriaze mcxovrebi xalxebi);
• afro-amerikuli (afro-braziliuri, afro-kari-
buli).
• Tanamedrove miTologia (miTebi „holivudSi“).

ameri
meriki
rikis
kis xal
xalxTa
alxTa miTo
miTolo
Tologi
logiis
giis Seswav
eswavli
wavlis
lis isto
istori
torii
riidan
dan

amerikis xalxTa tradiciuli kulturis Seswavlisas

me-19 saukuneSi kulturuli nasesxoba iyo wina planze wa-

11
moweuli, mogvianebiT – evropeli emigrantebis gavlena ame-
rikis aborigen mosaxleobaze.
yvelaze nayofieri muSaoba amerikis xalxTa miTolo-
giis, folklorisa da eTnografiis kvlevaSi me-20 saukune-
Si warimarTa da dRemde grZeldeba. amerikeli folkloris-
tebisa da anTropologebis – riCard dorsonis, alan dan-
desis, rojer abrahamsis, uiliam beskomis, arker teilori-
sa da sxvaTa SromebSi siRrmiseulad aris naCvenebi fol-
kloristikis kavSiri filologiasTan, eTnologiasa da ame-
rikis istoriasTan, romelTa gareSec SeuZlebelia miTo-
logiis gageba da gaazreba. maTi kvleva moicavs rogorc
regionalur, eTnikur, rasobriv da profesiul jgufTa
xalxur gadmocemebs, ise masmediis gavlenas qalaqur da in-
dustriul yofaze.
amerikis indielTa da afro-amerikelTa miTologiis
SeswavlaSi umniSvnelovani wvlili Seitanes alan dandesma
da riCard dorsonma.
alan dandesis interesebi folkloristikisa da eTno-
logiis sakiTxTa farTo speqtrs moicavs: miTologia,
rwmena-warmodgenebi, Tqmulebebi, qalaquri folklori, sa-
bavSvo folklori, bibliuri da naxevrad xalxuri lite-
ratura. gansakuTrebuli aqcenti alan dandesis kvlevebSi
indielTa miTologiazea gadatanili, romlis Seswavlisas
igi kulturis istoriis, eTnologiis, folkloristikis,
teqstologiis da fsiqoanalizis meTodebis kombinacias
axdenda.
riCard dorsonis samecniero moRvaweobaSi gansakuTre-
buli adgili afro-amerikuli folkloris kvlevas uWi-
ravs. sxvadasxva eTnikuri da rasobrivi jgufebis gamok-
vlevis Sedegad dorsonma Seqmna pirveli fundamenturi
korpusi amerikuli xalxuri gadmocemebisa. man gaaanaliza
calkeuli mTqmelis stili da individualoba, yuradReba
miaqcia avtobiografiul zepir moTxrobebs, saTavgadasavlo
ambebsa da istoriul gadmocemebs, romlebic specifikur
Janrs qmnian amerikul folklorSi.

12
 rac Seexeba amerikis indielTa miTologias, misi kvle-
vis mcdelobebi jer kidev me-16 saukunidan daiwyo evro-
pel mogzaurTa da mecnierTa naSromebSi. miuxedavad kvle-
vis xangrZlivi tradiciisa, indielTa zepiri gadmocemebis
sruli fiqsacia me-20 saukunemde ver ganxorcielda. maTi
miTologiuri warmodgenebis Sesaswavlad mkvlevrebi iyene-
ben rogorc folklorul teqstebs, ise arqiteqturulsa
da materialuri kulturis ZeglebSi SemorCenil gamosaxu-
lebebs.

termi
ermino
minolo
nologi
logiu
giuri ganm
anmarte
artebe
tebebi
bebi

Tanamedrove sasaubro enaSi sityva „miTs” xSirad ira-

cionaluris, tyuilisa da gamogonilis mniSvneloba aqvs.
es miTis im ganmartebidan momdinareobs, romelic istoriu-
lad Zvel, ararealur, ararelevantur da daujerebel am-
bavs aRniSnavs. religiebis, metafizikis, filosofiisa da
racionaluri mecnierebebis dogmebiT miTi ganisazRvreba,
rogorc warmarTuli rwmenis gadmocema zepirsityvierebaSi,
saxviT da plastikur xelovnebasa da musikaSi.
miTosuri azrovnebis sagani, Temebi da motivebi ganu-
sazRvrelia. germaneli filosofosis, e. kasireris TqmiT,
ar arsebobs adamianuri yofierebisTvis damaxasiaTebeli ar-
cerTi movlena, romelic ar aixsneba miTosurad da ar
dgas masTan axlos.
terminebi „miTi“ da „miTosuri“ erTi da imave mniSvne-
lobiT aris gamoyenebuli saxelmZRvaneloSi: arsebiTi saxe-
li „miTi“ zepirsityvier teqsts an grafikul naxats aR-
niSnavs, zedsarTavi „miTosuri“ ki miTis Semcvels.
miTosuri azrovneba nebismier sazogadoebaSi arsebobs
da sxvadasxvagvari simkveTriT aris gamoxatuli. mTavari
aris is, rom miTis sagani namdvilia da ara gamogonili.
iseT sazogadoebaSi, romelSic jer kidev Zlieria miTosu-
ri azrovneba, miTi aris ara gamonagoni, aramed WeSmariti
realoba. miTs aqvs gansazRvruli struqtura, romelic

13
arc zRaprulia da arc yofiTi. adamianis gancdebi, codna
Tu sxva miTSi gamoxatulia ara abstraqtuli simboloe-
biT, aramed pirdapir da konkretulad.
ganviTarebis sxvadasxva safexurze myofi xalxebis yo-
fasa da kulturaSi bevri iseTi ram Cans, rac Tanamedrove
sazogadoebisTvisac ar aris ucxo. b. malinovskis TeoriiT,
Secdoma iqneboda gvefiqra, rom adamiani ganviTarebis adre-
ul safexurze cdeboda da gonebasa da misticizms erTma-
neTSi urevda. magiur ritualSi adamiani cdilobs, gavlena
moaxdinos saswaulze ara imitom, rom ar icis sakuTari
SesaZleblobebi, aramed imitom, rom mas sjera Tavisi gan-
sakuTrebuli Zalisa.
samyaros aRqma, romelic Cveni drois gadmosaxedidan
iracionalurad an mistikurad aRiqmeba, sinamdvileSi miTo-
suri azrovnebidan momdinareobs. Tu Cven maT sworad ga-
vacnobierebT anu ise SevxedavT, rogorc TviTon im sazoga-
doebis wevri, davinaxavT, rom es azrovneba sulac ar aris
iracionaluri da mistikuri, piriqiT, Zalian logikuria.
miTi Tavisi bunebiT aris ara gonebis, aramed grZnobis
produqti. miTisTvis ar aris ganmsazRvreli azrovnebis
romelime orientacia anda warmosaxvis Zala. miTi emociis
Sedegia da misi emociuri konteqsti msWvalavs mis mraval-
ferovan gamoxatvas.
berZnuli sityva „miTosi“ Tavisi mniSvnelobiT axlos
dgas „eposTan“ da „logosTan“. samive sityva „naTqvam sit-
yvas“, „monaTxrobs“ ukavSirdeba.
miTebis saerTo niSani is aris, rom isini winareisto-
riul ambebs gadmoscemen. maTSi asaxulia samyaros Seqmna
da warmoSoba, axsnilia sikvdilis, sqesobrivi cxovrebis,
warRvnis, sxvadasxva saxis katastrofebis mizezi. isini
warmoadgenen ganmartebebs, romlebic dRemde moqmedia gar-
kveul kulturebSi. miTebi magaliTebia, romlebic zebuneb-
rivma arsebebma nimuSad dautoves adamianebs da ara Tavad
adamianuri gamocdileba.
miTebis SedarebiTma Seswavlam daadastura, rom msgav-
si miTebi SeiZleba hqondeT sruliad gansxvavebul da te-

14
ritoriulad erTmaneTs metad daSorebul xalxebs. garda
amisa, miTosur siuJetTa erTi da igive wre samyarosa da
adamianis Seqmnis Sesaxeb kavSirSia sxvadasxva mecnierebaTa
globalur da Zireul sakiTxebTan.
amerikis, afrikis, okeaniisa da avstraliis xalxebis
miTebis Semdgomma kvlevam aCvena, rom istoriuli ganviTa-
rebis garkveul etapebze miTologia msoflios yvela
xalxs hqonda. miTologiis SedarebiT-istoriul Seswavlas
ukve didi xnis tradicia aqvs. mecniereba iyenebs ara mxo-
lod literaturul wyaroebs (ZvelberZnuli „iliada“ da
„odisea“, Zvelinduri „ramaiana“ da „mahabharata“, kareli-
ur-finuri „kalevala“ da sxva), aramed folklorul da
eTnografiul masalas da lingvistur monacemebs.

miTo
miTolo
Tologi
logiis
giis inter
interpre
terpreta
pretaci
tacie
ciebi

me-19 saukunemde evropaSi ZiriTadad antikur miTebs

icnobdnen – Zvel berZenTa da romaelTa moTxrobebs Rmer-
Tebisa da gmirebis Sesaxeb. antikuri miTologia gansakuT-
rebiT popularuli aRorZinebis epoqaSi (me-15-16 ss.) iyo.
amave periodSi evropaSi Semovida pirveli cnobebi arabebi-
sa da amerikis indielTa miTebis Sesaxeb. me-19 saukunis
pirvel naxevarSi samecniero mimoqcevaSi farTod gavrcel-
da indoevropel xalxTa miTebi – Zveli indoelebis, irane-
lebis, germanelebisa da slavebis.
miTologiuri masalis racionaluri gaazrebis pirveli
cdebi gvxvdeba antikur xanaSive (arsebiTad, aqedan daiwyo
antikuri filosofia). am periodSi miTebi ZiriTadad ale-
goriulad aris ganxiluli sofistebis, stoikosebis, epi-
kureistebis mier. platonma miTologiis simbolur-alego-
riuli interpretacia Seqmna. evhemerosma miTologiur saxe-
ebSi ganRmrTobili istoriuli moRvaweebi dainaxa. miTebis
amgvari gaazreba mogvianebiTac gvxvdeba. antikuri miTolo-
giis ganmartebebi mravladaa Suasaukuneebis qristiani Teo-
logebis TxzulebebSic.

15
 renesansis epoqaSi antikuri miTologiisadmi axalma in-
teresma gaiRviZa. aRorZinebis drois moazrovneebma miTebSi
emansipirebuli adamianis grZnobebis gamovlineba dainaxes.
miTologiuri codnis gafarToebisTvis udidesi mniSvne-
loba hqonda amerikis aRmoCenas da indielTa kulturis
gacnobas. SedarebiTi miTologiis pirveli cdac swored in-
dielTa miTologiasTan aris dakavSirebuli. 1724 wels ga-
mocemuli Jozef fransua lafitos wignSi amerikis indi-
elTa Sesaxeb mocemulia Sedareba Crdiloamerikis indiel-
Ta kulturisa ZvelberZnul kulturasTan.
miTebis Rrma filosofiuri azri danaxuli aqvs itali-
el mecniers jambatista vikos Tavis „axali mecnierebis sa-
fuZvlebSi“ (1725). vikosTvis uZvelesi epoqa poeturia da
mravalmxriv dakavSirebuli miTebTan, rac miuTiTebs pir-
velyofil ideologiur sinkretizmze. viko miTebs “RvTaeb-
riv poezias” uwodebs, romlidanac Semdgom homerosis na-
warmoebebis tipis heroikuli poezia momdinareobs.
ganmanaTleblobis epoqaSi frangma moazrovneebma –
volterma, rusom, didrom, monteskiem – miTebi crurwme-
nebs daukavSires.
ganmanaTleblobidan romantizmamde gardamavali safexu-
ri iyo germaneli filosofosis iohan gotfrid herderis
mier miTologiis interpretacia – miTebi rogorc xalxis
sibrZnis poeturi gamoxatulebani.
romantikul filosofiaSi miTi gaazrebulia rogorc
esTetikuri fenomeni. fridrix Selingis filosofiur sis-
temaSi miTi bunebasa da xelovnebas Soris ikavebs adgils.
romantikuli filosofiis ZiriTadi paTosi iyo is, rom mi-
Ti alegoriuli ganmartebidan simbolur ganmartebamde
amaRlda.
germaneli filologebi iakob da vilhelm grimebic mi-
Tebis romantikul interpretacias agrZelebdnen – maT mi-
Tebis naSTebi xalxur zRaprebSi dainaxes.

16
 ameri
meriki
rikis
kis xal
xalxTa
alxTa miTo
miTolo
Tologi
logiis
giis Seswav
eswavli
wavlis
lis wya
wyaro
yaroe
roebi

amerikis xalxTa miTebis SeswavlisTvis ZiriTadi wya-

ro xalxuri gadmocemebia – Tqmulebebi, cxovelTa eposi
da zRaprebi. TiToeuli es folkloruli Janri saSualebas
iZleva miTologiuri Sinaarsis teqstis aRmoCenisaTvis.
mniSvnelovania miTebis urTierTmimarTeba zRaparTan ro-
gorc erT-erT Tavisebur xalxur fenomenTan, romelic mi-
Toss sxvadasxvagvari saxiT inaxavs (personaJebi, motivebi,
motivTa kompleqsebi, siuJeti).
garda teqstebisa, miTologiuri saxeebi da siuJetebi
asaxulia Zvel xelnawerebsa da taZrebis moxatulobebSi,
romelTa foto-aslebic dResdReobiT xelmisawvdomia.

kiTxve
iTxvebi
xvebi:
bi
• romel miTologiur sistemebs moviazrebT „amerikis
xalxTa miTologiaSi“?
• CamoTvaleT amerikeli folkloristebi.
• ra igulisxmeba sityvaSi „miTi“?
• miTologiis ra interpretaciebi arsebobda me-19 sa-
ukunemde?

lite
litera
teratu
ratura
tura:
ra
• zaqariaZe, a.: mxatvruli simbolos bunebisaTvis. Tbi-
lisi: „lega”, 2009.
• kasireri, e.: ra aris adamiani: cda adamianuri kul-
turis filosofiis agebisa. germanulidan Targmna l.
ramiSvilma. Tbilisi: „ganaTleba“, 1983.
• Cassirer, E.: Versuch über den Menschen. Einführung in
eine Philosophie der Kultur. Frankfurt am Main, Fischer,
1990. gv. 117-119.
• Dorson, R.: Bloodstoppers and Bearwalkers. Folk
Traditions of the Upper Peninsula. Cambridge 1952.

17
• Dorson, R.: America in Legend. New York 1973.
• Dundes, A.: The Study of Folklore. Prentice-Hall, Inc.,
Englewood Cliffs, N.J. 1965.

18
 II Tavi

amerikis xalxTa miTologiuri gadmocemebis

periodizacia da miTis arsebobis formebi

indielTa da afro-amerikelTa miTologiuri

sistemebi. miTosis arsebobis formebi. fol-
kloris arsebiTi niSnebi.

amerikis xalxTa miTologiaSi yvelaze mniSvnelovan

sistemebs qmnian indielTa da afro-amerikelTa xalxuri
gadmocemebi. maTi Seswavlisas gasaTvaliswinebelia agreTve
evraziis kontinentidan Semosuli folklori da Tanamed-
rove amerikis kultura (mwerloba, xelovneba, kinematogra-
fia), romlebic amerikis xalxTa miTologiis Sesaswavlad
mdidar wyaroebs warmoadgenen.
miTebis SedarebiTi Seswavlis didi xnis tradicia
adasturebs, rom miTebis uZvelesi da primitiuli safexu-
rebia miTebi cxovelebis Sesaxeb, astraluri miTologia
(solaruli da lunaruli miTebi, miTebi mnaTobebis Sesa-
xeb) da kosmogoniuri da anTropogoniuri miTebi (samyarosa
da adamianis warmoSobis Sesaxeb). miwaTmoqmedi xalxebis-
Tvis damaxasiaTebelia e. w. agraruli miTebi mokvdavi da
aRdgenadi RvTaebebis Sesaxeb.

indi
indiel
dielTa
elTa da afro
afro-
ro-ameri
merikel
rikelTa
kelTa miTo
miTolo
Tologi
logiu
giuri siste
isteme
temebi
mebi

amerikis indielTa (Crdilo, centraluri da samxreT

amerikis) miTologiur sistemebs pirobiTad amgvarad aTa-
riReben:

• gvian paleoliTis xana – miTebi cecxlis, adamiane-

bis, cxovelebis warmoSobis Sesaxeb.

19
 • Semgroveblobis xana – miTebi sakvebis mfarvel
RvTaebebze, mcenareTa keTil sulebze, samyaros
struqturaze.
• domestikaciisa da adremiwaTmoqmedebis periodi (Zv.
w. V aTaswl.) – nayofierebis qalRmerTis kulti.
• Zv. w. XV-IV ss. – olmekebis adreklasobrivi sazo-
gadoebis axali miTologiuri sistemis Seqmna. iagua-
ris kulti, cxovelTa eposi.
• klasikuri periodi (I-IX ss.) – maias adreklasobriv
qalaq-saxelmwifoebTan erTad miTologiuri sistemis
ganviTareba. RmerTebisa da mmarTvelebis urTierTkav-
Siri. qalaqebis damaarseblebis miTosi.

afro-amerikelTa miTologiuri gadmocemebi moicavs

sxvadasxva dros „Savkanianebad“ da „zangebad“, dRevandel
dRes ki „afro-amerikelebad“ wodebul xalxTa zepirsit-
yvier teqstebs. maTi daTariReba pirobiTad ase SeiZleba:

• XVII-XVIII ss. – roca evropelebma amerikis konti-

nentze plantaciebSi samuSaod Camoiyvanes afrikele-
bi, romlebic Tavisi folkloris tradiciebs agrZe-
lebdnen.
• XIX-XX ss. – amerikis Savkaniani mosaxleoba saku-
Tar specifikur TxrobiT repertuars qmnis, rome-
lic gansxvavdeba tradiciuli afrikuli folklo-
risgan da ufro metad evropuli zepiri tradiciis
gavlenas ganicdis.

afro-amerikul miTologiur gadmocemebSi Sedis mokle

moTxrobebi cxovelebsa da frinvelebze, Savkaniani da TeT-
rkaniani xalxis warmoSobaze, sulebze da sxva. metad po-
pularulia bibliuri Temebi da socialuri protestebi.
afro-amerikul zepir tradiciaSi xSiria irlandiuri anek-
dotebi, romlebic Savkanian mosaxleobaSi iseve gavrcele-
bulia, rogorc TeTrkanian mosaxleobaSi.

20
 miTo
miTosi
Tosis
sis arse
arsebo
sebobi
bobis
bis for
forme
ormebi
mebi

miTosuri siuJetebi da motivebi xelovnebis sxvadasxva

dargSi, xalxur SemoqmedebaSi da ama Tu im xalxis yofie-
rebis sxvadasxva formaSi vlindeba: uZveles saxviT xelov-
nebaSi, qandakebaSi, arqiteqturis ZeglebSi, musikaSi, qore-
ografiaSi, sayofacxovrebo daniSnulebis nivTebis moxatu-
lobasa da formebSi, ritualebSi, wes-CveulebebSi, crur-
wmenebSi da sxva. sufTa saxiT miTosi ar arsebobs.
yvelaze mdidar masalas amerikis xalxTa miTologiis
Sesaswavlad zepirsityvieri teqstebi warmoadgens. miTo-
logiuri gadmocemebi Sedgeba miTologemebisgan – ucvleli
elementebisgan, romelTa variaciebiTac iqmneba miTis siuJe-
ti.
uSualod miTologiuri gadmocemebis garda umdidres
masalas miTebis sakvlevad gvTavazobs zRapari, romelic
folklorul TxrobiT JanrebSi Tavisi mravalferovnebiT
da sicocxlisunarianobiT gamoirCeva. Tavisi socialuri
funqciiT zRapari radikalurad gansxvavdeba miTisgan, mag-
ram masSi moTxrobili ambavi xSirad mTlianad miTisgan
momdinareobs. zRapari gasarTobi ambavia da mis siuJetSi
moxvedril miTosur personaJs dakarguli aqvs Tavisi sak-
raluri funqcia. samagierod zRaparSi zustad aris gadmo-
cemuli, SeiZleba iTqvas, dakonservebulic, misi arsebiTi
Tvisebebi da miTosur motivTa mTeli kompleqsi.

folklo
olklori
kloris
ris arsebi
sebiTi
biTi niSne
iSnebi
nebi

folklori xSirad gaigivebulia „zepir tradiciasTan“,

magram yvelaferi, rac zepiri gziT gadaecema, ar aris
folklori.
folklorSi Sedis miTebi, legendebi, zRaprebi, anekdo-
tebi, andazebi, gamocanebi, simRerebi, dalocva, wyevla,
lanZRva, moswrebuli sityva-pasuxi, dacinva, gamosajavrebe-
li, sadRegrZelo, enis gasatexi, misalmeba-damSvidobebis

21
formulebi. folklori moicavs agreTve xalxur wes-Cveu-
lebebs, xalxur cekvebs, xalxur dramasa da mimikas, xal-
xur grafikas, xalxur rwmena-warmodgenebs, xalxur medi-
cinas, xalxur instrumentul musikas, xalxur simRerebs,
xalxur metyvelebas (slengi), xalxur gamoTqmebs, xalxur
metaforebs da metsaxelebs.
es folkloris formaTa arasruli CamonaTvalia. fol-
kloruli SemoqmedebisTvis damaxasiaTebelia ramdenime ar-
sebiTi niSani:
gavrcelebis zepiri gza.
anonimuroba – folkloruli nimuSis avtori ucnobia.
koleqtiuroba – 1) folkloruli nimuSi sxvadasxva
anonimuri avtoris mier aris damuSavebuli da 2) fol-
kloruli nimuSi gamoxatavs im sazogadoebis cnobierebas,
romlis wiaRSic is Seiqmna.
variantuloba – zepiri gziT gavrcelebuli prozauli,
poeturi Tu musikaluri nimuSi erTsa da imave sazogadoe-
baSi sxvadasxva variantiT aris warmodgenili.
sinkretizmi – folkloruli nimuSis Sesruleba xe-
lovnebis ramdenime dargis kombinacias warmoadgens, magali-
Tad: cekva, musika, teqsti (saferxulo simRerebi), Txroba
da musika (eposi).
yofasTan mWidro kavSiri – folkloruli nawarmoebis
Seqmna da misi Semdgomi Sesruleba garkveul konteqsts
ukavSirdeba (samonadireo simRerebi, Sromis simRerebi, sad-
Resaswaulo simRerebi da cekvebi, saritualo cekvebi da
a.S.).

kiTxve
iTxvebi
xvebi:
bi
1. miTis romeli saxeebi iTvleba uZveles safe-
xurebad miTologiaSi?
2. ra saxis gadmocemebi SeiZleba miviCnioT miTis
ganviTarebul formebad?
3. ra specifikuri niSnebi axasiaTebs fol-
klors?

22
lite
litera
teratu
ratura
tura:
ra
• zaqariaZe, a.: mxatvruli simbolos bunebisaTvis. Tbi-
lisi: “lega”, 2009.
• kiknaZe, z.: qarTuli folklori. Tsu gamomcemloba,
2006. gv. 3-15.
• Dundes, A.: What Is Folklore? In: Alan Dundes: The Study
of Folklore. Prentice-Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, N.J.
1965. gv. 1-3.

23
 III Tavi

uZvelesi kulturebi
CrdiloeT, centralur da samxreT amerikaSi

indielTa kulturis pirveli aRwerilobebi.

uZvelesi kulturebi CrdiloeT da centra-
lur amerikaSi. indielTa enaTa ojaxebi.

1492 wlis 12 oqtombris paraskevi dila Zvel da

axal geografiul codnaTa mijna iyo. qristefore kolum-
bis mier aRmoCenili, saidumloebiT moculi, okeanis oqro-
Ti mdidari sxva mxare yvelas izidavda mas Semdeg, rac es-
paneTis xelisuflebam 1497 wlis 2 ivnisis brZanebiT neba
darTo yvela msurvels gadasaxlebuliyo kolumbis mier
aRmoCenil axal qveynebSi.
am dRidan axali epoqa daiwyo ara marto evropis sa-
xelmwifoebis, aramed mecnierebis istoriaSi.
pirveli eTnografiuli aRwerebi axlad aRmoCenili
qveynebisa da xalxebis Sesaxeb Tavmoyrili iyo mogzaurTa
monaTxrobebSi, agreTve maT mier Camotanil sxvadasxva niv-
TebSi.

indi
indiel
dielTa
elTa kultu
ulturi
turis
ris pir
pirve
irveli
veli aRwe
aRweri
werilo
rilobe
lobebi
bebi

amerikis indielTa yofis sistematuri aRweriloba

ekuTvnis italiel humanist pietro martires, romlis naS-
romic „axali samyaros Sesaxeb“ (De Orbe Novo) 1530 wels
gamoica. amas mohyva Semdgomi gamocemebi indielTa kultu-
ris Sesaxeb.
dReisTvis maias ieroglifuri damwerlobis sami wigni
mogvepoveba. yvela naweri da sabuTi fanatikosma espanelma
diego de landam gaanadgura, ris Semdegac maias qurumebma
uZvelesi miTologia Tavisi dialeqtisa da laTinuri anba-

24
nis meSveobiT gadmosces. maias xalxebis umniSvnelovanesi
dokumentebia “popol vu” da “Cilam balamis wignebi”.
arsebobs actekuri xelnawerebis ori didi krebuli –
„kodeqs borbonikus“ (Codex Borbonicus) da „kodeqs tele-
riano-remensis“ (Codex Telleriano-Remensis), romelic
kolumbamdel epoqaSia Seqmnili acteki qurumebis mier.
me-18 saukuneSi evropaSi ukve sakmao faqtobrivi masa-
la dagrovda ucnobi xalxebis Sesaxeb. mecnierTa Soris
TandaTan momwifda warmodgenebi kacobriobis ganviTarebis
etapebze. amave periodSi eTnologiaSi daisva sakiTxi ganvi-
Tarebis TvalsazrisiT `CamorCenili xalxebis” (rogorc
maSin uwodebdnen) kulturis Seswavlisa.

uZve
uZvele
velesi
lesi kultu
ulture
turebi
rebi Crdi
Crdilo
diloeT
loeT da cen
centra
entralu
tralur
lur ame
ameri
merika
rikaSi
kaSi

maia, olmeki, totonaki, sapoteki, tolteki – am kul-

turebs aerTianebT saerTo niSnebi: skulpturuli Zeglebi,
arqiteqtura, saxviTi xelovneba da ieroglifuri damwer-
loba. arqeologiuri masalidan Cans, rom es kulturebi
daaxloebiT erTdroulad viTardebodnen da erTmaneTze
Zlieri gavlena hqondaT.
maia Tavisi nawilobriv gaSifruli ieroglifuri dam-
werlobiT da kompleqsuri da zusti kalendriT olmekebis
kulturul memkvidreobas warmoadgens, romelTa civiliza-
ciis ayvavebis xana Zv. w. XIII saukunea. maias uZvelesi kva-
li piriqiT, mxolod ax. w. III-IV saukuneebamde midis. teo-
tihuakanis (dRevandeli meqsika) samxedro Sturmis Semdeg
maia daiSala, mogvianebiT isev aRdga da Tavis kulminacias
tropikuli tyeebis geofizikurad araxelsayrel pirobebSi
miaRwia. VIII saukunis Sua xanebSi oTxi mniSvnelovani cen-
tri Camoyalibda (tikali, kopani, palenku da kalakmuli),
romelTa irgvliv bevri qalaqi da sofeli aRmocenda. am
yvelafris miuxedavad ar dasturdeba erTi centraluri ma-
ias saxelmwifos arseboba.

25
 gaurkveveli mizezebis gamo, magram savaraudod omebis
Sedegad IX-X saukuneebSi mosaxleobam datova qalaqebi da
junglebs miaSura. am katastrofis Semdeg maias kultura
iukatanis naxevarkunZulze ganlagda, sadac X-XIII saukune-
ebSi sxvadasxva saqalaqo centrebi warmoiSva. erT-erTi
maTgani, saxeldobr CiCen itca, actekebis winamorbedebma,
tulelma toltekebma daipyres da Tavisi eqspansia mTlia-
nad ganaxorcieles. CiCen itca, legendis mixedviT, 987
wels daaarsa TviTon miTosurma gmirma, tolanidan (tula
CrdiloeT meqsikaSi) gamodevnilma kecalkoatlma. XVIII
saukuneSi CiCen itca daeca da imavdroulad aRzevda qala-
qi maiapani meridis siaxloves, romelic ganadgurda 1441
wels. roca espaneli dampyroblebi centralur amerikaSi
Cavidnen, maias kultura gaqrobis piras idga. didi Savi
ucnobi Zalis moaxloebisas 1517 wels iukatanis mosaxle-
obas gaaxsenda Zveli winaswarmetyveleba teckatlipokas
dabrunebis Sesaxeb: “im dRes yvelaferi daingreva”.
meore msoflio omis Semdeg Ciapas junglebis midamo-
ebSi kvlav aRmoCnda ucnauri taZrebis mitovebuli Senobe-
bi. dRes maias STamomavlebidan or milionze meti centra-
lur amerikaSi cxovrobs da ocdaaT sxvadasxva dialeqtze
laparakobs. isini dRemde inarCuneben sakralur ritualebs
miuxedavad imisa, rom ukve oTx saukuneze metia, kaTolike-
ebi arian.
amerikis aborigeni mosaxleobis Sesaxeb xangrZlivi
debatebi mimdinareobda. kolonizatorebisTvis indieli
mudmivad cvalebadi interpretaciebis obieqti iyo.
cnobebi indielebis Sesaxeb kolonializmis epoqaSi
arafers amboben Tavad indielebze. isini mxolod evropele-
bis warmodgenebs asaxaven: religiur puritanizms, ganmanaT-
leblobisa da romantizmis epoqis ideebs, warmatebis gaz-
viadebul rwmenas da arakeTilganwyobas adgilobrivi mo-
saxleobisadmi. yvela am Sexedulebas saerTo aqvs is, rom
kolonizatorebisTvis nakleb saintereso iyo indielTa re-
ligia Tu kultura. maT arafrad uRirdaT xalxis xocva.
axal holandiaSi jildoc ki iyo dawesebuli yoveli indi-

26
elis skalpisTvis. ingliselebis batonobamde niu iorkisa
da samxreT niu jersis Statebi ukve „ganTavisuflebuli“
iyo adgilobrivi indielebisgan. ingliselebma mxolod fasi
moumates jildos: masaCusetSi 1703 wels erTi indielis
skalpi 60 dolari Rirda, pensilvaniaSi kacis skalpi 134
dolarad iyo Sefasebuli, qalisa _ 50 dolarad. aRmosav-
leT sanapiros indielebi ar daxoces, samagierod maT pre-
zidentma endriu jeqsonma 1830 wels „Removal Act“-iT mi-
sisipis dasavleTiT gadasaxleba aiZula. man is indielebic
ki gareka maTive qveynidan, romlebic monaTlulebi iyvnen
da amayobdnen kidec imiT, rom evropelTa civilizacias
kargad baZavdnen. generalma fil Seridanma bizonebi amoxo-
ca, raTa indielebisTvis saarsebo saSualeba moespo. sazo-
gadod miCneuli iyo, rom „veluri“ indieli ukidures si-
RaribeSi arahigienurad cxovrobda. maT uwodebdnen mZar-
cvelebs, zarmacebsa da urwmunoebs, romelTa mospobisTvi-
sac „patiosan kacs“ unda eloca.
veravin acda imdroindel Secdomebs: 1861 wels mark
tvenmac ki ironiiT Seuswora darvinistebs – indielebis
winaprebi primatebisgan ki ara, gorilasgan, kengurusgan an
skandinaviuri memindvriasgan unda iyvnen warmoSobilio.
amasobaSi ki eTnologebma jeims munim da franc boasma
indielTa tomebis rwmena-warmodgenebi da wes-Cveulebebi
aRweres. me-20 saukunis dasawyisidan indielTa kulturis
kvleva eTnologebis, folkloristebis da kulturis an-
TropologebisTvis metad popularul saqmianobad iqca.
dRes es ucxo samyaro kvlav fantaziebs aRZravs. mec-
nierebas win kidev bevri aRmoCena elodeba, magram axali
aRmoCenebi mainc ar aadvilebs indielTa kulturis gagebas
CvenTvis, piriqiT, ufro siRrmiseul kvlevas moiTxovs.

ameri
meriki
rikis
kis indi
indiel
dielTa
elTa enaTa
naTa ojaxe
jaxebi
xebi

amerikel indielTa warmoSobis Sesaxeb uamravi hipo-

Teza arsebobs. maT Soris iseTic, romelic indielebs egvi-

27
telebs, troelebs, karTagenelebsa da israelis aT dakar-
gul tomsac ki ukavSirebs.
sinamdvileSi indielTa winaprebi cimbiridan arian. ga-
reul cxovelze sanadirod wasulebma beringis sruteze
gayinuli zRva mSralad gadaiares, 11 aTasi wlis win ame-
rikis kontinentis samxreT wertils miaRwies. pirveli ev-
ropelebis mosvlis droisTvis isini xuTas sxvadasxva ena-
ze laparakobdnen.
CrdiloeTis mTiani mxare da kunZulebi eskimosebiT
aris dasaxlebli. dRevandeli kanadisa da aSS-s mosazRvre
teritoriaze mcxovrebi indielebis ena algonkinebis da
aTapaskebis enaTa ojaxs ganekuTvneba (aRmosavleTSi: ojibva
da penobskoti; centrSi da dasavleTSi: yviTeli dana, Cipe-
viani, kaska da sxv.).
aRmosavleTsa da dasavleTSi irokezebisa da siuqsis
enobrivi ojaxebi iyo gavrcelebuli, ufro dasavleTiT _
muskogeani, siuqsi, irokeze da kado.
centralur zeganze cxovrobdnen siuqsis tomebi. cne-
ba „siuqsi“ warmoSobiT zogadia; dRes es saxelwodeba da-
kotas, lakotasa da nakotas monaTesave tomebs aRniSnavs.
arsebobs kidev eqvsi sxva enaTa ojaxi: algonkinuri, aTa-
paskanuri (apaCi), kadonuri (pavni, arikara), kiova-tanoanu-
ri, tonkavanuri da uto-actekuri.
Crdilo-dasavleTi sanapiro sam nawilad iyo dayofi-
li: CrdiloeTi, Sua da samxreTi.
didi auzi indielebiT iyo dasaxlebuli, romlebic
mxolod erT enaTa ojaxs ganekuTvnebian rogorc SoSonebi
da paiuti. platoze da kaliforniaSi piriqiT, enobrivad
mravalferovani xalxi cxovrobda.
samxreTSi eqvsi enaTa ojaxia: uto-actekuri, hokanu-
ri, aTapaskanuri, tanoanuri, cuniuri da keresuli. meurne-
obis formebic ukavSirdeba enobriv jgufebs. miwaTmoqmedi
indielebi, magaliTad isini, vinc pueblos soflebSi cxov-
roben, tanoanus enebze laparakoben. zogierTi am pueblo-
Tagan me-12 saukunis Semdeg mudmivad dasaxlebulia. navaxo
da apaCi atapakas tomis indielebi arian, romlebic kanadi-

28
dan movidnen da samxreTSi espaneli kolonizatorebis ga-
moCenamde dasaxldnen.

kiTxve
iTxvebi
xvebi:
bi
• sad iyo Tavmoyrili pirveli eTnografiuli aRwere-
bi axlad aRmoCenili qveynebisa da xalxebis Sesaxeb?
• ra da ra wignebi moipoveba dReisTvis maias ierog-
lifuri damwerlobis Sesaxeb?
• romelia uZvelesi kulturebi CrdiloeT da centra-
lur amerikaSi?

lite
litera
teratu
ratura
tura:
ra
• WanturiSvili, s.: eTnologia. Tbilisi, „Tsu“, 1993.
gv. 278-303; 107-129.
• Eliade, M.; Couliano, J.: Handbuch der Religionen. Unter
Mitwirkung von H. S. Weiser. Zürich / München, Artemis
& Winkler, 1991. gv. 46-62.

29
 IV Tavi

arqauli miTebi

totemuri miTebi. astraluri miTebi. inkas

miTologia.

savaraudoa, rom centraluri amerikis pirvelive

mcxovreblebs gviani paleoliTis xanaSi hqonodaT miTebi
cecxlis warmoSobis, adamianebisa da cxovelTa Seqmnis Se-
saxeb, Semdgom ki, miwaTmoqmedebis ganviTarebasTan erTad,
miTebi mcenareTa mfarveli keTili sulebis Sesaxeb.
samxreT amerikis indielTa miTologiuri gadmocemebis-
Tvis gansakuTrebiT damaxasiaTebelia katastrofebis Tema.
xSirad stiqiuri ubedurebis da cecxlis motanis motivebi
erTmaneTs ukavSirdeba.
miTebi mnaTobTa warmoSobis Sesaxeb amerikis indielTa
folkloris mniSvnelovani Semadgeneli nawilia.

tote
totemu
temuri
muri miTe
miTebi
Tebi

uZvelesi miTebisTvis damaxasiaTebelia rwmena imis Se-

saxeb, rom adamianTa gvars winaprad cxoveli an mcenare
hyavda. ganviTarebis maRal safexurze mdgom kulturebSic
mniSvnelovani adgili uWiravs cxovelTa Tayvaniscemas, mag-
ram es gansxvavdeba totemizmisgan.
sityva “totemi” Crdilo amerikis indielTa, kerZod,
ojibves enaze “mis gvars” niSnavs. totemuri miTebis sa-
fuZvelia rwmena fantastikur, zebunebriv kavSirze adamian-
Ta jgufisa da totems (mcenare an cxoveli) Sors.
totemistur warmodgenebs sami ZiriTadi momenti gan-
sazRvravs:
1) socialuri elementi: cxovelis, raime saxeobis mce-
naris, usulo obieqtis an usulo obieqtTa klasis kavSiri

30
erTianobis gansazRvrul jgufTan da, rac tipobrivia, eg-
zogamiur an klanobriv jgufTan.
2) fsiqologiuri elementi: jgufis wevrTa da cxo-
velTa, mcenaris an sagnis naTesaobis rwmena, xSirad gamo-
xatuli mtkicebaSi, rom adamianTa mocemuli jgufi mem-
kvidreobrivad warmoSobilia am totemisgan.
3) ritualuri elementi: mowiweba cxovelis, mcenaris
an sagnis mimarT, rac vlindeba Cveulebriv maTi saWiroebi-
sa an gamoyenebis akrZalvaSi garda gansazRvruli Seswore-
bebisa.
totemuri miTebi Seadgenen ganuyofel nawils tomob-
riv gvarovnuli sazogadoebis totemuri warmodgenebisa da
wes-Cveulebebisa.
totemuri miTebi warmoadgenen gadmocemebs fantasti-
kur totemur winaprebze, romelTa sisxlismier STamomav-
lebadac Tavs Tvlis iqauri xalxi.
totemuri niSnebi naTlad Cans CrdiloeT, centralur
da samxreT amerikis xalxTa miTologiebSi.
erT braziliur gadmocemaSi moTxrobilia, Tu rogor
wavida mze sanadirod da gzaSi frinvelis budes waawyda,
romelSic ori patara TuTiyuSi ijda.

mzem bartyebi budidan amosxa da gasazrdelad Sin waiyvana,

erTi TuTiyuSi TavisTvis daitova, meore ki mTvares aCuqa. roca
mze da mTvare sanadirod midiodnen, TuTiyuSebi maTgan malulad
qalebad iqceodnen da saxls alagebdnen, mzisa da mTvaris dab-
runebis droisTvis ki isev TuTiyuSebi xdebodnen. ase grZelde-
boda karga xans. mzem da mTvarem eWvi aiRes. erT dRes dauda-
rajdnen da ise uceb Secvivdnen saxlSi, rom qalebma ver moas-
wres bumbulis samosis gadacma. erT qalze mze daqorwinda, meo-
reze mTvare.

es gadmocema erTi mxriv totemuri rwmenis kvals ata-

rebs, meore mxriv ki astraluri miTebis kategorias gane-
kuTvneba.

31
 astra
astralu
traluri
luri miTe
miTebi
Tebi

astraluri miTologia farTo gagebiT moicavs miTebs

ciuri sxeulebis, Tanavarskvlavedebis, planetebis Sesaxeb.
astraluri miTologiis adreul safexurze varskvla-
vebi da Tanavarskvlavedebi xSirad warmodgenilia cxovele-
bis saxiT da ukavSirdebian nadirobas.
samxreT amerikis indielTa legendebSi Tormeti Tana-
varskvlavedi TiTo cxovels ganasaxierebs. Tavisi ZiriTadi
niSnebiT es sistema msgavsia Zveli babilonuri Tormeti
zodiaqos sistemisa, romelic Semdgom berZnebma isesxes da
mere evropaSic popularuli gaxda (ZvelberZnulad zodia-
qo cxovels niSnavs). zodiaqoTa sistema agebulia astra-
luri miTebis safuZvelze, romlebic ciur mnaTobTa moZra-
obis kanonzomierebebs miTologiuri simboloebiT – cxove-
lebiT xsnidnen.
astraluri miTis nimuSia Crdilo-dasavleT sanapiros
indielTa folklorSi dResac gavrcelebuli gadmocema
`Svidi ciuri da“:

odesRac, Zalian didi xnis winaT, yoveli sagani, rac ki

bunebaSia – cxovelebi, frinvelebi, xeebi, mze Tu mTvare – ga-
regnulad Cvena gvgavda. rac dedamiwaze Tu mis siRrmeSi, wyalsa
Tu zecaSi cxovrobs, im uZveles droSi adamianisnairi arseba
iyo.
mze dRisa da sinaTlis mbrZanebeli iyo, mTvare – Ramisa
da sibnelisa. isini aZlevdnen sicocxlesa da moZraobis unars
yvela suliers. isini iyvnen varskvlavTa mbrZanebelnic.
imxanad cis gumbaTze Svidi da varskvlavi brwyinavda. Ti-
Toeuls Tav-Tavisi saxeli erqva. yoveli maTgani fiqrobda, qvey-
nad yvelaze mTavari siyvaruliao, da maTac raRac uyvardaT bu-
nebaSi, Tumca TavianT siyvaruls saidumlod inaxavdnen da er-
TmaneTs arafers eubnebodnen. egonaT, sakuTar Tavze laparaki
usaqcielobaa da, Tu mainc vityviT, an davixocebiT, an cidan
gavqrebiTo.
meeqvse das, romelic mxolod sul umcrosze iyo ufrosi,
erTi kaci uyvarda dedamiwaze da es siyvaruli am kacis sik-
vdilmac ver CauxSo. ver moiTmina da debs uTxra Tavisi siyva-

32
rulis ambavi, magram debma igi sasacilod aiRes – mokvdavi Seg-
yvarebia da axla mis sikvdilsac dardob? rogor ara grcxvenia
aseTi siyvaruliso?
gadioda dro, qaliSvilis sevdas ki bolo ar uCanda. bevrs
ecada, daeZlia Tavisi grZnoba, magram mwuxarebam uaresad daria
xeli. Tvalebi Cauqra. Tanac etyoboda, debs esircxvebodaT misi
aseTi naRveli. isic yvelanairad cdilobda, rogorme maTgan mo-
SorebiT yofiliyo.
bolos, sircxvilisagan rom aRar icoda, ra eqna, gadawyvi-
ta, debs sulac aRar davenaxvebio, moxsna cidan pirbade da sa-
xeze aifara. ase moarida Tavisi mwuxare saxe debsac da Zirs
gaSlil samyarosac.
ai, ratomaa, rom pleadebis TanavarskvlavedSi, rogorc mas
TeTri adamianebi uwodeben, mxolod eqvsi varskvlavi Cans.“

solaruli miTebis mTavar personaJs mze warmoadgens.

samecniero literaturaSi solarul miTebs uwodeben ag-
reTve miTebs, romlebSic mTavar gmirebs solaruli niSnebi
axlavT, anu niSnebi, romlebic mzis rogorc miTologiuri
gmiris niSnebs Seesabameba. adre miCneuli iyo, rom solaru-
li miTebi arqauli safexurisTvis iyo damaxasiaTebeli,
magram es Teoria dResdReobiT moZvelebulia. solaruli
miTebi ganviTarebul miTologiur sistemebSic sakmaod win
aris wamoweuli.
keCuas miTologiis mixedviT, inkebis imperiis mbrZane-
belTa titulaturas gansazRvravda mzis Sviloba. inkebis
taZrebisTvis damaxasiaTebelia mzis simbolika. CrdiloeT
amerikis indielTa tradiciaSi spilenZis cecxlSi dnoba
mzesTan aris dakavSirebuli.
lunaruli miTologiis mTavari personaJia mTvare,
romelic garkveul kavSirSia mzesTan. lunaruli miTebic
da solaruli miTebic astralur miTologiaSi Sedian. xSi-
ria teqstebi, romlebic solaruli da lunaruli miTolo-
giis niSnebs erTdroulad atareben, rogorc, magaliTad,
cecxlovani miwis gadmocema `ratom waiCxubnen mze da
mTvare”:

33
 `odesRac mze da mTvare dedamiwaze Cvens winaprebTan er-
Tad cxovrobdnen, col-qmari iyvnen da saxelad krani da kra er-
qvaT.
im uxsovar dros qalebi zeimisTvis gankuTvnil uzarmazar
qoxSi atarebdnen dros. kacebs ki qoxis siaxlovesac ar aWaWa-
nebdnen. ase eubnebodnen, qoxSi sulebi iyrian Tavso. maSin mTva-
re mbrZaneblobda qalebs, isinic usityvod emorCilebodnen da
mamakacebs atyuebdnen. kacebi iZulebulni iyvnen, Sin darCeniliy-
vnen da bavSvebisTvis moevloT.
magram mze eSmaki misani iyo. mixvda, qalebi mamakacebs atyu-
eben, qoxSi mxolod TviTon iyrian Tavs da sulebis xsenebac ar
ariso. ganrisxebuli mamakacebi Tavs daesxnen qalebs. im ulmobe-
li brZolidan TiTo-orola qalma Tu uSvela Tavs.
mTvarec misani iyo da mamakacebma veRar gabedes misi mok-
vla; oRond esaa, misma qmarma, mzem, ramdenjerme gemoze uTaqa.
yovel gartymaze sazareli gruxuni gaismoda da miwa zanzarebda.
rogorc iqna, mzem guli ijera colis cemiT da Tavi aneba. mTva-
res axlac aCnia saxeze naiarebi. kra caSi aiWra, krani ukan ga-
moudga, magram dRemde vera da ver dauWeria.”

inkebis panTeons Seadgenda ciur RmerTTa triada: mze,

quxili da mTvare. damatebiTi, meoTxe elementis funqcias
TanavarskvlavedTa pleada asrulebda.
mze da quxili samsaxianebi iyvnen. mzis RmerTi Cndebo-
da mziuri diskos saxiT, romelic warmoadgenda samebas:
ufali mze, Ze mze da Zma mze.
quxilis RmerTsac sami saxe hqonda: „naTlis Subi“ –
elva, „mzis sxivi“ – quxili da elva, agreTve irmis nax-
tomi anu samxreTis jvris Tanavarskvlavedi.
keCuas warmodgenebSi mquxara RmerTi qviT texda
wylis ciur WurWels da modioda wvima.
mTvare umTavresad qaluri RvTaeba iyo da mas mzis
disa da colis funqcia hqonda.
inkas mbrZanebeli mzis Svilad iTvleboda. is mzis war-
momadgeneli iyo miwaze.
andebis mTianeTis folklorSi gavrcelebulia gadmo-
cemebi mzis gansakuTrebuli Zlierebis Sesaxeb. erT-erTi
Tqmuleba mogviTxrobs:

34
 „Zalian didi xnis winaT, roca adamianebi jer kidev ker-
pebs scemdnen Tayvans, qveyniereba bneliT iyo moculi. mze arsad
Canda da dedamiwas mxolod mTvare hfenda sust sxivebs. adamia-
nebi sibneleSi amuSavebdnen miwas, saWmlis gakeTeba ar icodnen
da yvelafers umad Wamdnen. ase cxovrobdnen isini sibneleSi.
erTxel maT viRac berikaci moevlina, romelsac bevri ram
Seecno amqveynad da winaswarmetyvelebac kargad SeeZlo. kerpTay-
vanismcemlebs man uTxra:
- erTi uzomod didi, Zalian cudi berikaci mova aRmosav-
leTidan. igi adamianebs amoxocavs, saxlebs ki gadagiwvavT. Se-
gebrZolebaT kideco.
xalxma es rom gaigo, Tqva:
- raki asea, amieridan Cvens sacxovreblebs ise avagebT, pi-
ri aRmosavleTisken eqnes, rom moulodnelad Tavs aravin wamog-
vadgeso.
maT marTlac aages uzarmazari lodebisgan aRmosavleTisken
pirmoqceuli saxlebi, yovel saxlTan ki qvebi daaxvaves, rom
cudi berikaci moeklaT, Tu gamoCndeboda. bolowamaxvilebuli
ketebic blomad moimarages. dRedaRam jguf-jgufad idgnen da
aRmosavleTisaken imzirebodnen. da, ai, marTlac gamoCnda mze,
romelic adamianebsac xocavda da saxlebsac swvavda. marTalia,
adamianebs qvebi da ketebi blomad hqondaT momaragebuli, magram
mze mainc xocavda maT, xalxi ki uZluri iyo, mzesTan verafers
gaxda.
amboben, mas Semdeg aris, kerpTayvanismcemlebi qvisgan rom
agebeno Tavis saxlebs, Tanac ueWvelad pirs iqiT uzamen, saida-
nac mze amodis.“

inka
inkas
kas miTo
miTolo
Tologi
logia
gia

andebis didi kulturebi, romelTagan yvelaze cnobi-

lia inka (ax. w. XV-XVI ss.), maRal mTaSi warmoiqmna, im
adgilas, romelic ukve aTi aTasi wlis win iyo dasaxle-
buli.
Zv. w. Svidi aTasi wlisTvis perus sanapiroebze miwaT-
moqmedeba primitiuli formiT ukve arsebobda: klimaturi

35
cvlilebebis gamo SemgroveblobiTi meurneoba ganviTarda
da samiwaTmoqmedo kulturiT Seicvala. nadirobaze metad
ganviTarebuli iyo meTevzeoba. simindi, romelic ukve 60
aTas welze meti arsebobs centralur amerikaSi, Zv. w. me-
13 saukuneSi peruSic gavrcelda da Zv. w. me-10 saukuneSi
axali jiSebic ganviTarda. im droisTvis daixvewa, erTi
mxriv, sarwyavi sistema, romelmac miwaTmoqmedebis ganviTa-
rebas Seuwyo xeli, meore mxriv ki saxelmwifo, romelic
awesrigebda sarwyav sistemas. adgilobriv kulturaSi mi-
Tosur safuZvelze warmoiSva religiuri kulti.
inkas samefos daarseba ax. w. me-13 saukunisTvis miewe-
reba miTosur gmirs manko kapaks da mis debs, romlebic
kuskos xeobaSi movidnen. inkas saxelmwifos gafarToeba da-
iwyo misi merve imperatoris virakoCa inkas da mis vaJ pa-
CakutisTan erTad, romelic 1438 wels avida taxtze.
espanel dampyrobelTa Semosvlisas inkas samefo peru-
dan Cilemde flobda dasavleT sanapiroebs, 1532 wels is
daeca, roca ukanasknel inkas mbrZanebels dampyoblebma Ta-
vi mokveTes.
inkas imperiaSi oficialuri religia saxelmwifos
xelSi iyo. glexebs miwa samad hqondaT gayofili, romel-
Tagan erTi RmerTebisTvis iyo gankuTvnili, meore _ impe-
ratorisTvis, mesame ki ojaxisTvis. dapyrobili tomebis
wminda sagnebi anu huakasi procesiis TanxlebiT kuskoSi
CahqondaT da inaxavdnen. huakasis kategoriaSi Sedioda yve-
laferi, rasac RvTaebrivi forma hqonda: borcvi, qva, xe da
yovelive, rac ucnaurad, bunebrivis sawinaaRmdegod gamoi-
yureboda.
inkas RvTaebrivi panTeonis saTaveSi mze idga. inkas
taZrebSi morwmuneTa Sesvla ar SeiZleboda. iq mxolod
qurumebi da mzis qalwulebi Sediodnen, romlebic Semdeg
qurumi qalebi an imperatorisa da didebulebis meore co-
lebi xdebodnen. Tu imperatori qurum qalTan “Sescodav-
da”, misTvis nebadarTuli da bunebrivi iyo, yvela sxva ki
sayvarlis yolisTvis sikvdiliT isjeboda.

36
 maCu piCu, inkas qalaqi (peru)

taZrebSi mze adamianissaxovani qandakebebiT da uzarma-

zari oqros firfitebiT iyo gamosaxuli. imperatori mzis
vaJi iyo, imperatoris coli ki mTvaris qaliSvili. mTvare
– mzis da da meuRle vercxlis qandakebis saxiT iyo war-
modgenili taZarSi. inkebi mTvarisa da mzis kalendrebs
iyenebdnen.
saeklesio ierarqiis saTaveSi idga umaRlesi qurumi,
imperatoris axlo naTesavi, romelic didebulTa cxrawev-
rian sabWos xelmZRvanelobda. uamravi qurumi midioda
provinciebis dasaTvaliereblad, sadac huakass Zveli dara-
jebi icavdnen. isini nebayoflobiT asrulebdnen am movale-
obas, maT saxelmwifo gasamrjelos ar uxdida.
taZari ar iyo TavSeyris adgili. saerTo ceremoniebi
Ria adgilebSi tardeboda da xSirad cxovelebis msxver-
plSewirva xdeboda gamosyidvisa da winaswarmetyvelebis

37
ritualebis Sesrulebis dros. gansakuTrebiT miRebuli iyo
aTi wlis bavSvebis Sewirva, romlebsac fizikuri da mora-
luri srulyofilebis niSniT arCevdnen da ajildoebdnen
pirdapir saiqioSi moxvedriT. didebulebis Svilebs ar
swiravdnen. actekebisgan da maiasgan gansxvavebiT, inkas sa-
xelmwifoSi adamianebis msxverplad Sewirva xSiri ar iyo.
actekebis msgavsi teqnikiT samxedro tyveebs klavdnen.

inkas pirveli gamosaxuleba evropul wyaroSi

zustad ise, rogorc egvipteSi, inkas qurumebs exebo-

daT yvelaferi janmrTelobis sferoSi, saxelmwifos poli-
tikuri “sxeulidan” dawyebuli da damTavrebuli adamianis
sxeuliT. erTi pirovneba asrulebda msxverplis Semwiravi
qurumis, naTelmxilvelis, brZenisa da medicinis Samanis
funqciebs. isini guldasmiT ikvlevdnen msxverplad Sewiru-
li cxovelebis Signeulobas da aqedan momavals winaswar-
metyvelebdnen; kurnavdnen daavadebebs im nivTidan gamoloc-
viT, romelsac daavadebis gamomwvevad miiCnevdnen. amis gar-

38
da, qurumebi xelis garkveuli moZraobiT kvlav Tavis ad-
gilas svamdnen naRrZob Zvlebs. isini qirurgebic iyvnen da
iseT urTules operaciebs akeTebdnen, rogoricaa Tavis qa-
lis trepanacia.
samwuxarod, ar mogvepoveba TviTon inkasgan momdinare
werilobiTi wyaroebi.

kiTxve
iTxvebi
xvebi:
bi
• CamoTvaleT totemuri warmodgenebis sami ganmsaz-
Rvreli piroba.
• waikiTxeT braziliuri gadmocemebi „varskvlavebi“,
„legenda sinaTleze“, „ori TuTiyuSi“, „rogor gaC-
nda mze da mTvare“, Crdilo-dasavleT sanapiros in-
dielTa gadmocema “reiniris mTa da warRvna”, “kra-
teris tba da ori monadire”.
• romel miTosur gmirs miewereba inkas samefos daar-
seba ax. w. me-13 saukunisTvis?
• romeli RvTaeba idga inkas religiuri panTeonis sa-
TaveSi?

lite
litera
teratu
ratura
tura:
ra
• braziliuri zRaprebi. k. lorTqifaniZis red. Tbili-
si: „nakaduli“, 1971.
• indielTa zRaprebi. m. zubadalaSvilis red. Tbilisi:
„nakaduli“, 1976.
• Леви-Стросc, К.: Первобытное мышление. Москва:
«Республика», 1994.

39
 V Tavi

uzenaesi RvTaebebi centraluri amerikis

indielTa miTologiaSi

Siutekutli. uicilopoCtli.
kecalkoatli. teskatlipoka.

uzena
zenae
naesi RvTa
RvTae
Taeba Siu
Siutekut
tekutli
kutli

Siutekutli – „weliwadis mbrZanebeli“, centraluri

amerikis indielTa miTologiaSi cecxlisa da vulkanis
RmerTia.
Siutekutlis kulti da misi gamosaxulebebi dastur-
deba jer kidev olmekamdel periodSi.

Siutekutli samyaros centrSi

40
 Siutekutli iyo cecxlis RmerTi (rogorc ciuri cec-
xlisa, ise qvesknelis), sastiki da yvelafris gamanadgure-
beli, magram amave dros ojaxuri keris RmerTic. Siute-
kutli rom ojaxs mfarvelobda, amis damadasturebelia mi-
si sxva saxelebi: „yviTelTmiani“, „ali“, „Cveni mama“, „uxu-
cesi RmerTi“, „dedamiwis WipSi myofi“, „RmerTebis deda“,
„RmerTebis mama“.
actekebTan Siutekutli gamoisaxeba naxevrad wiTlad
da naxevrad Savad SeRebili saxiT. es orferovnebac mis
orive bunebaze mianiSnebs – qvesknelisa da ciuri cecxlis.
mis Tavsamkauls warmoadgens ori lerwami an pepela.
xelSi kverTxi, maxvili da sacecxluri uWiravs. dResaswa-
ulebze Siutekutlis qandakeba yvelaze bolos SemoaqvT,
radganac is moxuci RmerTia da nela dadis.

uzena
zenae
naesi RvTa
RvTae
Taeba uici
uicilo
cilopoC
lopoCtli
poCtli

uicilopoCtli – „marcxena mxris kolibri“ actekebis

miTologiaSi umaRlesi RvTaebaa kecalkoatlisa da teskat-
lipokas gverdiT. Tavdapirvelad uicilopoCtli actekebis
tomobrivi RmerTi iyo. kolibri xSirad gvevlineba mzis
ganmasaxiereblad centraluri amerikis indielTa tomebSi.
uicilopoCtli uZvelesi RvTaebis niSnebs atarebs, maT
Soris mzis RmerTisa da teskatlipokasic. xandaxan tes-
katlipokas oreulic kia. uicilopoCtli iqca cisferi
kriala cis, axalgazrda mzis, omisa da nadirobis RmerTad,
actekuri xalxuri sibrZnis gansakuTrebul mfarvelad.
miTebis zog versiaSi uicilopoCtli ukavSirdeba nayo-
fierebis Zvel RvTaebebs. weliwadSi orjer imarTeboda ze-
imi, sadac puris fqviliT da TafliT mzaddeboda uicilo-
poCtlis uzarmazari gamosaxuleba. religiuri ritualis
Semdeg uicilopoCtlis figura qucmacdeboda da yvela mo-
nawile Wamda.
zogi gadmocemiT, uicilopoCtli yovel RamiT ebrZvis
sibneles da ar dauSvebs, rom mze Caqres. aqedan momdinare-

41
obs misi kultis kavSiri „meomari arwivebis“ gaerTianebas-
Tan. is gamoisaxeboda adamianis saxiT, kolibrisformiani
muzaradiT, bumbulebiT morTuli fariT da mSvildisriT.
uicilopoCtlis udides Tayvans scemdnen. tenoCtitlanSi
misi taZaria aRmoCenili.
meqsikur folklorSi uicilopoCtlis Sesaxeb bevri
gadmocema arsebobs, erT-erTia legenda mis dabadebaze.

„qalaq tolanis maxloblad mdebareobs koatepeki – gvelis

mTa. odesRac iq erTi qali cxovrobda, saxelad koatlikues
eZaxdnen. mas oTxasi vaJi hyavda. vaJebs senconuicnauebi erqva,
imaT ufros das ki koiolSaukxi.
koatlikue aRTqmas asrulebda: yoveldRe hgvida koatepekis
mTaze taZars. erT dRes, taZars rom hgvida, cidan matylis gor-
glis msgavsi patara bumbulis burTi Camovarda. qalma bumbuli
ubeSi Caido. dagva rom moaTava, undoda amoeRo, magram veRar
ipova, gamqraliyo.
amboben, TiTqos qali am burTma daafexmZimao. Zmebi mix-
vdnen, rom imaTi deda bavSvs elodeboda da ganrisxebulebma
hkiTxes:
- Tavs lafi vin dagvasxao?
koilSaukxim Zmebs uTxra:
- modi, deda movklaT, raxan sircxvili gvaWamao.
koatlikuem es rom gaigo, Zalian daRonda, magram bavSvma
muclidan gamosZaxa: nu geSinia, me vici, ra unda vqnao. am sit-
yvebis gagonebaze koatlikuem igrZno, guli rogor daumSvidda
da naRvelma gadauara.
senconuicnauebs mtkiced gadaewyvitaT dedis mokvla, raxan
upatiosnod moiqca da sircxvili aWama Svilebs. Zmebs cecxlze
navTs usxamda koiolSaukxi, gamudmebiT CasCiCinebda, deda moka-
liTo.
Zmebi SeiaraRdnen. Tmebi daivarcxnes da ise gamoewyvnen,
rogorc mamac meomrebs SehferodaT. magram erTi imaTgani, ro-
melsac kauitlikaks eZaxdnen, yvelafers, rasac Zmebi ityodnen,
maSinve dedis mucelSi myof uicilopoCtls atyobinebda. uici-
lopoCtli ase eubneboda: Sen isev Tvalyuri geWiros, ras ake-
Teben, ras laparakoben, me ki kargad vici, rogor moviqceo.

42
 Zmebi mTisaken gaemarTnen. win koiolSaukxi miuZRodaT. sen-
conuicnauebi SubebiT SeiaraRebuliyvnen, qaRaldebiTa da niJare-
biT morTuliyvnen.
kauitlikaki mTaze avida, rom uicilopoCtli gaefrTxile-
bina, senconuicnauebi axlovdebian da Seni mokvla undaTo. uici-
lopoCtlim mas uTxra: kargad Sexede, axla sad ariano. kauit-
likakma miugo: koaSalkosTan ariano. uicilopoCtlim kidev ram-
denjerme hkiTxa: sad ariano? kaiutlikakma upasuxa: „senconuic-
nauebi TandaTan axlovdebian“. bolos kauitlikakma Seatyobina,
Zmebi sul axlos arian, win koiolSaukxi mouZRviso.
swored im wuTSi, roca senconuicnauebi moaxlovdnen, dai-
bada uicilopoCtli. xelSi mrgvali lurji fari, teneuCi, da
lurji Subi eWira. Tavze frTebis samkauli ekeTa, saxeze yviTe-
li saRebavebis zolebi dauyveboda. barZayebi da xelebi lurjad
hqonda SeRebili. marcxena fexi marjvenaze wvrili hqonda da
bumbuliT dafaruli.

uicilopoCtli

43
 uicilopoCtlim erT kacs, saxelad toCanakalkis, ubrZana,
xis gveli dawvio. kacma dawva gveli. gvelma koiolSaukxi daWra
da mokla. mkvdari koiolSaukxi akuwes. misi Tavi axlac im koa-
tepekis mTaze devs.
uicilopoCtlim wamoavlo xeli Tavis iaraRs, gamoekida
Zmebsa da Careka mTidan. oTxjer Semoarbenina mTa. Zmebi verc Ta-
vis dacvas bedavdnen da verc Tavdasxmas.
uicilopoCtlim ase daamarcxa senconuicnauebi. bevri maT-
gani daiRupa. amaod emudarebodnen cocxlad gadarCenilebi, nu-
Rar gvdev, brZola SevwyvitoTo.
uicilopoCtlis arafris gagoneba ar undoda. gadawyveti-
li hqonda, im aremareSi erTic ar daetovebina cocxali. mar-
Tlac, TiTqmis yvela amowyvita. mxolod zogierTebi gadaurCnen
da gaiqcnen. maT uiclampes – eklian xeobas – Seafares Tavi. ui-
cilopoCtlim didi nadavli da senconuicnauebis iaraRi igdo
xelT.
ase gaxda uicilopoCtli actekebisa da omis RmerTi.“

uzena
zenae
naesi RvTa
RvTae
Taeba kecal
kecalko
calkoat
koatli
atli

kecalkoatli – „mwvane frTebiT dafaruli gveli“,

centraluri amerikis indielTa miTologiaSi erT-erTia im
sam RvTaebas Soris, romelTac samyaros, adamianisa da
kulturis Seqmna miewerebaT. amasTan, kecalkoatli stiqia-
sac ganagebs. is aris ciskris varskvlavic, qurumebisa da
mecnierebis mfarveli da toltekebis dedaqalaq tolanis
mmarTveli. misi zedwodebebia: „qaris RmerTi“, „planeta ve-
neras RmerTi“, „urCxulebis RmerTi“ da sxva.
kecalkoatlis pirveli gamosaxulebebi aRmoCenilia
olmekebis skulpturebSi (Zv. w. VIII-V ss.). am periodSi
kecalkoatli qarebs asaxierebda. igi aseve ganasaxierebda
kulturul gmirs, romelmac xalxs simindis moyvana aswav-
la.
I-II saukuneebSi kecalkoatlis kulti mTel centra-
lur amerikaSi gavrcelda. is iqca uzenaes RvTaebad, ro-
melmac samyaro, adamiani da kultura Seqmna.

44
 rogorc kulturuli gmiri, kecalkoatli gadaiqca Wi-
anWvelad, SeaRwia WianWvelebis budeSi, sadac damaluli
iyo simindis marcvlebi, moipara da xalxs moutana.
kecalkoatlma aswavla xalxs Zvirfasi qvebis mopoveba
da damuSaveba, aSeneba, bumbulebisgan mozaikis damzadeba,
varskvlavTa moZraobaze dakvirveba da kalendris gamoTvla.
amave periodSi kecalkoatls gauCnda qurumTa mfarvelis
niSnebi: miTis Tanaxmad, man SemoiRo msxverplSewirva, mar-
xva da locvebi.
Semdgom periodSi kecalkoatli iqca mebrZolad Tavis
antipod teskatlipokas winaaRmdeg. teskatlipokam acduna
moxuci kecalkoatli da akrZalvebi daarRvevina. kecalko-
atls loTobis Sedegad incesti SeemTxva, xolo mis qve-
Sevrdomebs Tavs ubedureba daatydaT. damwuxrebuli kecal-
koatlma tolani datova da nebayoflobiT wavida aRmosav-
leTisken. iqve gardaicvala. misi sxeuli dawves.

kecalkoatli

actekebis erTi miTis Tanaxmad, kecalkoatli gvelis

saxiT wavida aRmosavleT zRvis sanapirosken da xalxs Seh-
pirda, rom garkveuli drois Semdeg dabrundeboda. amitom,
roca espaneli dampyroblebi meqsikis aRmosavleT sanapiro-

45
ze gadmovidnen kecalkoatlisadmi miZRvnil wels, actekeb-
ma hernando kortesi kecalkoatlad miiCnies.
kecalkoatli gamoisaxeboda wverosani kacis niRbiT,
uzarmazari tuCebiT an bumbulebiT dafaruli gvelis sa-
xiT. misi gamosaxulebebi mravladaa xelnawerebsa da skul-
pturul Zeglebze.

uzena
zenae
naesi RvTa
RvTae
Taeba teskat
eskatli
katlipo
lipoka
poka

teskatlipoka – „aalebuli sarke“, centraluri ameri-

kis indielTa miTologiaSi arqauli RmerTis niSnebis gama-
erTianebeli RvTaebaa. istoriulad nauasa da maias tomebis
mTavari RmerTia. misi Sesatyvisi kiCes miTologiaSi aris
hurakani („calfexa“), romelic Semoqmedi da samyaros
mbrZanebelia, Weqa-quxilis, qarebisa da qariSxlebis gamge-
beli.
teskatlipoka Ramis RmerTia, mfarvelobs yaCaRebs, ja-
doqrebsa da qurumebs. misi epiTetebia „mteri“, „Wirveuli
mbrZanebeli“, „mTebis guli“, „ganxeTqilebis mTesveli“ da
sxva. teskatlipoka pirveli modis dResaswaulebze, roca
RmerTebi miwaze ikribebian. dResaswaulze misi mosvlis ni-
Sani iyo fexis anabeWdi taZris win dafrqveul fqvilze.
teskatlipokas sxvadasxva saxeli aqvs, romelTagan yve-
laze Zvelia tepeiolotli („mTebis guli“). mas iaguaris
saxe aqvs da gamoqvabulebis, miwisZvris, eqos mbrZanebelia.
actekur miTebSi teskatlipoka xSirad kecalkoatlis
antagonistad gvevlineba. teskatlipoka aris uicilopoC-
tlis oreuli da megobari. actekebis warmodgeniT, teskat-
lipoka ganasaxierebda zamTars, CrdiloeTs, varskvlavebiT
moWedil Ramis cas. amitom is gamoisaxeboda Savi saxiT,
yviTeli ganivi zolebiT iyo dafaruli anda Tavisi oreu-
lis – iaguaris saxe hqonda (winwklebiani tyavi, romelic
varskvlavian cas hgavs). zogierT miTSi teskatlipoka po-
larul varskvlavad iqceva, rom cecxli moipovos. is didi
daTvis Tanavarskvlavedad iqceva. centraluri amerikis

46
tropikul zonebSi es Tanavarskvlavedi zenitSi dgas. amis
gamo iqauri mosaxleoba mas aRiqvamda rogorc calfexa
adamianis gamosaxulebas.
teskatlipokas simboloa aalebuli sarke, romelic mas
yvrimalze an mokveTil fexze aqvs mimagrebuli. masSi is
yvelafers xedavs, rac qveyanaze xdeba. sarkis garda tes-
katlipokas magiuri joxic aqvs, romelsac mrgvali naxvre-
ti aqvs boloze da amiT arc raime dafaruli da saidumlo
ar gamoepareba.

teskatlipoka sarkiT

teskatlipokas meore niSania tyavis rgoli (maradiu-

lobis simbolo), romelic yviTeli lentiT hkidia mker-
dze. aseTive rgoli aqvT mis Zmebs (zogierTi versiiT) –
kecalkoatls, uicilopoCtls da Sipe-toteks. actekebis
miTologiaSi teskatlipokas wiTeli oreuli hyavs – wiTe-
li teskatlipoka, romelic Serwymulia Sipe-totekis (mce-
nareTa mfarveli RvTaebis) kultTan. teskatlipoka iTvle-
boda rogorc keTil, ise borot RvTaebad. is iyo samyaros
Semqmnelic da misi damangrevelic; Tvali, romelic RamiT

47
yvelafers xedavda, msajuli da SurismaZiebeli yovelive
borotze; yovlismcodne da yvelgan myofi; Seubralebeli,
moulodnelobebiT savse. misi epiTetebia: „is, vinc yvela-
fers ganagebs“, „is, visi monebic Cven varT“. teskatlipokas
SeeZlo xalxisTvis keTildReoba mieniWebina, magram xSirad
wyreboda da yvelafers angrevda. ase moeqca is toltekebs.
teskatlipoka meomrebis gamosacdelad sxvadasxva saxes
iRebda da sabrZolvelad iwvevda maT. meomari, romelic
teskatlipokas daamarcxebda, gamosasyidis saxiT agavis
ramdenime ekals miiRebda, im raodenobisas, ramdeni tyvec
Caigdo xelT brZolaSi.
teskatlipokas yvelaze saSinel saxes warmoadgenda
uTavo sxeuli, ori kariT gulze, romelic iReboda da
ixureboda da iseT xmas gamoscemda, rogorsac xeze culis
Semokvra. teskatlipokas amgvari figurebi aRmoCenilia te-
otihuakanSi.
teskatlipoka, safiqrebelia, xTonuri RmerTi iyo. nau-
as tomebis Semosvlis Semdeg is Seerwya varskvlaviani cis,
CrdiloeTisa da sicivis RmerTze warmodgenebs da aqedan
is pirveli periodis Zveli mzea.
teskatlipoka kecalkoatlTan erTad gayofs cas da mi-
was da xdeba RmerTi-Semoqmedi.
teskatlipokas Tayvans scemdnen da msxverpls swirav-
dnen. actekebi yovelwliurad teskatlipokas impersona-
tors – axalgazrda, unaklo vaJs irCevdnen, mTeli weli-
wadis manZilze yvela survils usrulebdnen, wlis bolos
ki sazeimod klavdnen rogorc Sesawirs.

kiTxv
iTxve
xvebi:
bi
• ra zedwodebebi aqvs kecalkoatls?
• uzenaesi RvTaebebidan romeli ganagebs Weqa-quxils?
• uzenaesi RvTaebebidan romeli gamoisaxeba mSvild-is-
riT?
• rogor aqvT ganawilebuli funqciebi uzenaes RvTae-
bebs actekur miTologiaSi?

48
dava
davale
valeba
leba:
ba
• SeavseT mocemuli cxrili:

Siutekutli uicilopoC- kecalkoatli teskatlipoka

tli
zedwodeba

garegnoba

funqciebi

lite
litera
teratu
ratura
tura:
ra
• indielTa zRaprebi. m. zubadalaSvilis red. Tbilisi:
„nakaduli“, 1976.
• Dundes, A.: The Study of Folklore. Prentice-Hall. Inc.,
Englewood Cliffs, N. J. 1965.
• Velie, A.: Aztekisches Erzählgut. In: Enzyklopädie des
Märchens. B. 1. Berlin / New York, Walter de Gruyter,
1977, gv. 1118-1120.

49
 VI Tavi

qalRmerTebi centraluri amerikis

indielTa miTologiaSi
uZvelesi periodi. Zv. w. XV-IV saukuneebi.
keCuas miTologia. actekebis miTologia. ga-
zafxulisa da amindis RvTaebebi.

uZve
uZvele
velesi
lesi peri
perio
riodi

centraluri amerikis teritoriaze gvian paleoliTis

xanaSive arsebobda miTosi cecxlis gaCenis, cxovelebisa
da adamianebis warmoSobis Sesaxeb. Semdgom, Semgroveblobis
periodSi Seiqmna miTebi sakvebisa da mcenareebis mfarvel
RvTaebebze, samyaros ganlagebaze. domestikaciis periodSi
da simindis rogorc kulturuli mcenaris moSenebis mere
(Zv. w. V aTaswl.) ganviTarda miTosi uzenaes mravalfun-
qciur RvTaebaze, romelsac pirobiTad `nnawna awnavi
navian
vian qal-
al-
RmerTs
RmerTs”
rTs uwodeben mecnierebi. qalRmerTis saxis aRdgena
SesaZlebelia petroglifebis, mravalricxovani Tixis qan-
dakebebisa da qvaze amonatvifrebis meSveobiT.
“nawnaviani qalRmerTi” Tavis saxeSi aerTianebs mcena-
reTa da cxovelTa samyaros sulebis Sesaxeb warmodgenebs,
ganasaxierebs dedamiwasa da cas, sicocxlesa da sikvdils
(misi zogierTi gamosaxuleba orTaviania), misi mkerdidan
“ciuri rZe” – wvima modis, is yovelgvari sinestis, wylis
mbrZanebelia, maszea damokidebuli yoveli mcenare da cxo-
veli.
indielTa ufro mogviano miTologiur sistemebSi es
RvTaeba ramdenime qalRmerTad iqca, romlebic ukavSirdebi-
an wyals, mTvares, Svilierebas, sikvdils, siminds, kakaos
da sxv. qalRmerTi gamoisaxeboda oTxnawnaviani qaliSvilis,
mowifuli qalisa da dedabris saxiT. qalis asakobrivi gan-
viTarebis es sami etapi (axalgazrdoba, simwife, sibere)
ganasaxierebs weliwadis droebs: ayvavebas, mosavlis aRebis

50
dros da zamTris pirs. SemorCenilia samsxeuliani qal-
RmerTis figurac. cnobilia agreTve misi zoomorfuli sa-
xeebic: ixvi (wylis mbrZanebeli), gombeSo (miwis mbrZanebe-
li), oboba da da sxv. misi vaJi, Casuqebuli Cvili (“msuqa-
ni RmerTi”) mediumia dedamissa da xalxs Soris. savarau-
dod, is ganasaxierebs simindsa da mzes. am periodis panTe-
ons ganekuTvneba agreTve “moxuci RmerTi” (Seesabameba ac-
tekur RvTaeba Siutekutlis) – “msuqani RmerTis” mama. bo-
lomde garkveuli ar aris misi kavSiri “nawnavian qalRmer-
TTan”, romlis arsebobac TiTqmis mTeli centraluri ame-
rikis teritoriazea dadasturebuli.

Zv. w. XV-
XV-IV sau
saukune
kunee
neebi

olmekebma pirvelebma miaRwies adreklasobrivi sazo-

gadoebis stadias da axali miTologiuri sistema Seqmnes,
romelic danarCen eTnikur sazogadoebebSic gavrcelda.
axali sistema Zvels efuZneboda, magram olmekebma is
mniSvnelovnad gadaamuSaves. maT dasabami daudes iaguaris
kults centraluri amerikis indielebSi: yvela mTavar
RvTaebas iaguaris saxe hqonda. savaraudod, iaguars imitom
miiCnevdnen miwaTmoqmedebis mfarvelad, rom mosaxleoba
xSirad xedavda mas tyidan gamosuls, balaxismWameli cxo-
velebis madevars.
iaguaris kultis dros “nawnaviani qalRmerTis” pir-
vandeli mniSvneloba Semcirda, magram mainc mainc SeinarCu-
na ZiriTadi saxe. Calkacingos kldis reliefze (meqsika)
qalRmerTi gamosaxulia rogorc samyaros mbrZanebeli, ga-
moqvabulSi mjdari (gamoqvabulebi indielTa miTebis Tanax-
mad adamianebis gaCenis adgilia) Tavze gvirgviniT da xel-
Si orTaviani xvlikiT. ufro xSirad is miwis, sinestisa da
mTvaris qalRmerTia, coli an satrfo mTavari RvTaebisa.
umravles SemTxvevaSi olmekebis miTologiaSi mTavari
RvTaeba mamrobiTi sqesisaa.

51
 ca, miwa da wyali (gamosaxuleba Calkacingos kldis reliefze)

keCu
keCuas
Cuas miTo
miTolo
Tologi
logia
gia

keCuas miTologia, romelic Zv. w. II aTaswleulSi Ca-

moyalibda da inkebis imperiis raionebSi iyo gavrcelebuli
(ekvadoris, perus, boliviis, Ciles, argentinis da kolum-
biis teritoriebi), safuZvlad udevs inkebis oficialur
religias, romelic ax. w. me-16 saukunemde arsebobda.
ciur RmerTTa triadis garda (mze, quxili, mTvare)
mTavari qalRvTaeba keCuas miTologiaSi aris paCa
paCama
Camama
mama (“de-
da miwa”). miuxedavad imisa, rom is zeciuri RvTaebebis Se-
madgenlobaSi ver Sevida, mniSvnelovan rols TamaSobs
folklorSi. uamrav miTSia moTxrobili, Tu rogor gamovi-
da xalxi paCamamas wiaRidan – tbebidan, wyaroebidan, mRvi-
meebidan. yovel sazogadoebas hqonda Tavisi warmoSobis ad-
gili. soflebSi, TiToeul yanaSi idga qvisgan gamoTlili

52
paCamamas kerpi. miwis xvnis dros luds Rvridnen da kerps
simindis fqvils ayridnen, amiT qalRmerTs mosavlianobas
SesTxovdnen.

acte
acteke
tekebi
kebis
bis miTo
miTolo
Tologi
logia
gia

actekebis miTologiaSi (ax. w. me-13 saukunidan evro-

pelebis mosvlamde) wylis, tbebis, zRvebisa da mdinareebis
qalRmerTia CalCi
alCiut
Ciutli
utliku
likue
kue (“is nefritis tansacmelSi”,
“is cisfer tansacmelSi”). is aris wvimisa da quxilis
RmerT tlalokis coli da CrdiloeTis cis varskvlavTa
RmerTi. CalCiutlikue gamoisaxeboda wyalTan mjdari
axalgazrda qalis saxiT, romelsac Tavi lurji da TeTri
babTebiT hqonda Semkuli da loyebze CamoSlili kululebi
eyara. is naosnebis da wyalze mogzaurTa mfarvelad iT-
vleboda.

CalCiutlikue

SoCi
SoCike
Cikeca
kecali
cali (“yvavilovani frTa”) actekebis miTolo-
giaSi siyvarulis, nayofierebis, yvavilTa, orsulobis, sao-
jaxo saqmeTa qalRmerTia. misi zedwodebebia “mxolod wya-

53
li”, “irmis RmerTi” da sxva. SoCikecali Cveulebriv axal-
gazrda qalis saxiT gamoisaxeboda, romelsac ujredebiani
kaba ecva, ori nawnavi da kecalis frTebis wnuli hqonda
Tavze. SoCikecali “nawnaviani qalRmerTis” erT-erTi gvian-
deli saxecvlilebaa, amitom miTebi mis Sesaxeb sxvadas-
xvagvaria. SoCikecali pirveli qalia, romelic miwieri sa-
moTxidan movida. sxva wyaroebiT, SoCikecali tlalokis
colia, romelic teskatlipokam moitaca. zogi versiiT, is
pirveli zeciuri tyupis – kecalkoatlisa da Solotlis
dedaa. me-16 saukunis espanuri wyaroebi SoCikecals roma-
ul veneras adareben. actekebi mas colebis, Seyvarebulebis,
garyvnilebis, moqandakeebis, mxatvrebisa da mqsovelebis
mfarvelad miiCnevdnen.

SoCikecali

tlasol
lasolte
solteot
teotli
otli (“talaxis STanmTqmeli) actekebis
miTologiaSi miwis, nayofierebis, mruSobis da monaniebis
qalRmerTia. misi saxelic aqedan modis: talaxis STanTqmiT
is kacobriobas codvebs Camorecxavs. tlasolteotli
codvilTa mfarvelia. masTan dakavSirebuli iyo aRsarebis
rituali. misi mamrobiTi oreuli iyo teskatlipoka, rome-
lic yvelas xedavda, xilulsac da dafarulsac.

54
 qristianuli aRsarebisgan gansxvavebiT, actekebs aRsa-
reba mxolod erTxel unda eTqvaT cxovrebaSi. aRsarebis-
Tvis Sesaferisi dro iyo mZime avadmyofoba, romelic Ziri-
Tadad moralur danaSauls axlda. codvili midioda qu-
rumTan, romelic mas aRsarebis dRes dauTqvamda. ritualis
dawyebisas qurumi tlasolteotlsa da teskatlipokas mi-
marTavda:

„RmerTebis dedav, RmerTebis mamav,

moxuco RmerTo,
sawyali kaci movida SenTan,
movida cremlebiT, mwuxarebiT da SiSiT,
SeiZleba Secdoma dauSva,
SeiZleba Secda da waibilwa,
misi guli [...] sevdiT aris damZimebuli [...]
uSvele gasaWirSi da guli daumSvide!“

tlasolteotli

55
 tlasolteotli aris Ramis mbrZanebelic. igi mesoame-
rikis erT-erTi uZvelesi RvTaebaa. misi zedwodebebia: “Cve-
ni bebia”, “dedamiwis guli”, “RmerTebis deda” da sxva. igi
gamoisaxeboda xan SiSveli, xan ki Semosili figuriT. tla-
solteotlis damaxasiaTebeli niSnebia mwyeris bumbulebi
Tavze, TiTistari, bamba da cocxi.
tlasolteotlis dResaswaulze msxverplad iwirebo-
da gogona, romlis kanidanac qurTuki mzaddeboda da mas
icvamda qurumi, rogorc qalRmerTis ganmasaxierebeli. mere
simbolurad unda momxdariyo misi SeerTeba omis da mzis
RmerT uicilopoCtlTan da dabadebuliyo simindis RmerTi.
gvalvis periodSi tlasolteotls mamakacs swiravdnen
msxverplad. mas xeze miabamdnen da Subebs esrodnen. sis-
xlis wveTebi simbolurad wvimas ganasaxierebda.
uiSto
iStosi
tosiu
siuatli
atli (“marilis qali”) actekebis miTolo-
giaSi marilis qalRmerTia, wvimis RmerT tlalokis ufro-
si da. erT-erTi wyaro uiStosiuatls sikvdilis RmerTis
colad asaxelebs. isic, tlasolteotlis msgavsad, gar-
yvnilebis mfarvelad iTvleboda. gamosaxuli iyo talRova-
ni xazebiT dafaruli tanisamosiT, TeTri fariTa da lel-
qaSis kverTxiT.

uiStosiuatli

56
 Silo
Silone
loneni
neni (“qorfa simindis deda”) actekebis miTolo-
giaSi axalSemosuli simindis qalRmerTia. gamosaxavdnen
ymawvili qalis saxiT, romelsac wiTel-yviTeli kaba ecva.
mas Raribebis mfarvelad miiCnevdnen.

Siloneni

Skaka
kakau
kau (“kakaos momcemi”) kiCes miTologiaSi (samxre-
Ti amerika, Cv. w.) kakaos marcvlebis mfarveli qalRmerTia,
erTaderTi RvTaeba mTeli centraluri amerikis xalxebs
Soris, romelic kakaos mfarvelobs. kakaos mware nayeni –
qsokolatli, mxolod kakaos patara dafqvili marcvlebiT,
iSviaTi saneleblebiT da wyliT iyo momzadebuli. am Zvir-
fas sasmels mebrZolebisTvis Zala unda mieca.

Sokoladis gasinjvis scena

57
 gazaf
gazafxu
zafxuli
xulisa
lisa da amin
amindi
indis
dis RvTa
RvTae
Taebebi
bebi

miTologiuri gadmocemebi mokvdavi da aRdgenadi RvTa-

ebebis Sesaxeb mTel msoflioSi gavrcelebulia da Seicavs
Zvel miwaTmoqmedTa empiriul codnas bunebaze. am miTebSi
areklilia kosmogoniuri Sexedulebebi, warmodgenebi as-
tralur samyaroze da weliwadis droTa cvlaze. bunebis
movlenaTa Soris damyarebulia garkveuli mizez-Sedegobri-
vi kavSirebic. mokvdavi da aRdgenadi RvTaebebis kulti
adamianis sulieri cxovrebis ZiriTad momentebzea orienti-
rebuli da sazogadoebis praqtikuli codnis donesac asa-
xavs.
amerikis indielTa miTologiaSi bevri RvTaeba atarebs
mokvdavi da aRdgenadi RvTaebis Tvisebebs. maT kultmsaxu-
rebaSi miRebuli iyo marcvleulisgan damzadebuli produq-
tis Sewirva maTTvis gankuTvnil dResaswaulebze.
makil
makilSo
kilSoCit
SoCitli
Citli (“xuTi yvavili”), igive SoCipili (“yva-
vilebis mbrZanebeli”) –actekebis miTologiaSi gazafxulis
mcenareebis, siyvarulis, yvavilebis, mxiarulebis, burTis
TamaSis mfarveli RmerTia, tlasolteotlis Svili. igi
Wabukis saxiT gamoisaxeboda, skiptriT xelSi yvavilebsa
da peplebs Soris mjdari da skiptraze guli edo. makil-
SoCitli iTvleboda mxatvrebis, momRerlebis, mqsovelebis,
musikosebisa da moburTalTa mfarvelad.
Sipe
Sipe-
pe-tote
toteki
teki („Cveni mxne beladi“, „Cveni sali qvis
RmerTi“, „wiTeli teskatlipoka“) actekebis miTologiaSi
gazafxulis mcenareebisa da Tesvis RvTaebaa. Sipe-toteki
dakavSirebuli iyo rogorc gazafxulze bunebis gamoRviZe-
basTan, ise mosavlis aRebasTan da daTrobasTan.
yvelaze xSirad Sipe-toteki gamoisaxeboda adamianis
tyavisgan Sekerili qurTukiT, zurgze Sekruli TasmebiT,
idayvebTan Camokidebuli msxverplis gafarCxulTiTebiani
xelebiT. saxezec adamianis kanis niRabi aqvs (damaxasiaTebe-
lia ormagi piri am niRbis gamo), axuravs konusiseburi qu-
di ori mercxliskudiseburi samkauliT, xelSi figuruli
kverTxi da fari uWiravs.

58
 Sipe-toteki

centraluri amerikis xalxebSi arsebobda Sipe-tote-

kis msxverplSewirvis Cveuleba, romlis drosac qurumebi
msxverplebis tyavSi gaxveuli sazeimod cekvavdnen meomarTa
Soris.

Caki
Caki

Caki (“culi”) maias miTologiaSi wvimisa da elvis

RmerTia. Tavdapirvelad Caki xis mWrelTa mfarveli RmerTi
iyo, romlebic tyes kafavdnen mindvrisTvis (aqedan aris mi-
si saxelic), magram mogvianebiT iqca wvimis, mindvrisa da
simindis RvTaebad. misi Cveulebrivi atributebia culi da
aalebuli CiraRdani.
Caki moixsenieba rogorc mxolobiT ricxvSi, ise mrav-
lobiTSi (oTxi), igi dakavSirebulia qveynis oTx mxaresTan
ferTa Semdegi simbolikiT: aRmosavleTi – wiTeli, Crdi-
loeTi – TeTri, dasavleTi – Savi, samxreTi – yviTeli.
xalxur warmodgenebSi Caki tlalokebis analogiurad
moixsenieba. xelSi uWiravs wyali gogris WurWelSi, an
oTx WurWelSi, romlebic Tavisi saxlis kuTxeebSi udgas.
Cakebi cxovroben tyeSi, gamoqvabulebSi, WebSi. Caks dRemde
scemen Tayvans iukatanis maias tomebSi.

59
kiTxv
iTxve
xvebi:
bi
• ra kavSiri aqvT gazafxulisa da amindis RvTaebebs
siuxvesTan da nayofierebasTan?
• romel RvTaebebs aerTianebs “nawnaviani qalRmerTis”
cneba?
• ra RvTaebrivi Tvisebebi aqvT personaJebs?
• waikiTxeT gadmocema „koioti da arwivi gardac-
vlilTa qveyanaSi“. ra kavSirSia gazafxuli gardac-
vlilTa samyarosTan?

dava
davale
valeba
leba:
ba
• waikiTxeT braziliuri gadmocema “rogor gaCnda de-
damiwaze Tambaqo, simindi, webo da bamba” da tropi-
kuli tyeebis indielTa gadmocema “rogor gaCnda si-
mindi”.
• ra Tvisebebi axasiaTebT samxreT da centraluri ame-
rikis indielTa qalRmerTebs? CamowereT es Tvisebe-
bi cxrilSi:

SoCikecali tlasolte- makilSoCit- uiStosiuat-

otli li li
zedwodeba

garegnoba

funqciebi

• gaafarToveT cxrili da CamowereT TqvenTvis cnobi-

li qalRmerTebi antikuri, ZvelaRmosavluri an qar-
Tuli miTologiidan, magaliTad:

60
 “nawnaviani afrodite artemisi ?
qalRmerTi” berZnul mi- berZnul mi-
indielTa mi- TologiaSi TologiaSi
TologiaSi
zedwodeba

garegnoba

funqciebi

• SeajameT Tqveni kvlevis Sedegebi: ra saerTo da gan-

masxvavebeli Tvisebebi da funqciebi aqvT qalRmer-
Tebs indielTa da evraziis xalxTa miTologiaSi?

lite
litera
teratu
ratura
tura:
ra
• braziliuri zRaprebi. k. lorTqifaniZis red. Tbili-
si: „nakaduli“, 1971.
• indielTa zRaprebi. m. zubadalaSvilis red. Tbilisi:
„nakaduli“, 1976.
• surgulaZe, i.: miTosi, kulti, rituali saqarTvelo-
Si. Tbilisi, Tsu gamomcemloba, 2003. gv. 6-20.
• sixaruliZe, q.: kavkasiuri miTologia. Tbilisi, „kav-
kasiuri saxli“, 2006. gv. 9-15.

61
 VII Tavi

kosmogonia, anTropogonia da esqatologia

kosmogoniuri miTebi. indielTa kosmogonia.

avonavilona. anTropogoniuri miTebi. esqato-
logiuri miTebi.

kosmo
osmogo
mogoni
goniu
niuri miTe
miTebi
Tebi

kosmogoniuri miTosi aRwers samyaros dro-sivrcul

parametrebs anu pirobebs, romelSic mimdinareobs adamianis
arseboba da Tavsdeba yvelaferi, rac SeiZleba miTosuri
Semoqmedebis obieqtad iqces.
kosmogoniuri warmodgenebi koncentrirdeba upirveles
yovlisa samyaros aqtualuri mdgomareobis garSemo: samya-
ros struqtura – agebuleba, kavSiri da funqciebi misi na-
wilebisa, xandaxan maTi raodenobrivi parametrebi (kosmo-
sis aRweris sinqronuli aspeqti). kosmogoniuri miTosi
aRwers, rogor gaCnda samyaro (diaqronuli aspeqti).
samyaros aqtualuri mdgomareoba miTopoetur azrov-
nebaSi ukavSirdeba mis warmoSobas rogorc Sedegi mizezs.
andebis mTianeTSi gavrcelebul legendaSi moTxrobi-
lia tekendamis CanCqeris warmoSobis Sesaxeb. teqsti Sei-
cavs rogorc kosmogoniuri, ise astraluri miTosis moti-
vebs:

`Soreul warsulSi, roca mTvare jer kidev dedamiwis Ta-

namgzavri ar iyo, bogotis zeganis xalxi mTlad velurebiviT
cxovrobda: SiSvel-titvlebi dadiodnen, arc miwis damuSaveba
icodnen da arc raime kanon-samarTali Tu adaT-wesi gaaCndaT.
erTxelac, viRac moxuci moevlinaT. amboben, kordiliere-
bis aRmosavleTiT Cingasis dablobi rom aris, iqidan movidao.
etyoboda, moxuci sxva tomisa iyo, vinaidan grZeli, xSiri wve-
ri hqonda. sami saxeli erqva: boCika, nemketeba da zuxe. man bo-

62
gotelebs tanisamosis tareba, saxlis aSeneba da miwaTmoqmedeba
aswavla, Temebadac dahyo.
am moxucma Turme Tan colic moiyvana, imasac sami saxeli
hqonda: Cia, iubekaiguaia da xuvtaka. lamazi Cia Zalze boroti
qali iyo – yvelgan da yvelafers qmris sawinaaRmdegod akeTeb-
da. Ciam moajadova mdinare funsi. igi adidda, napirebi gadmola-
xa da bogotis mTeli veli datbora. bevri adamiani daiRupa
wyaldidobis dros. mxolod TiTo-orola gadarCa. maT momijnave
mTis mwvervalebs Seafares Tavi.
ganrisxebulma moxucma dedamiwidan gaaZeva Cia da mTvared
aqcia. mas Semdeg Cia mxolod RamRamobiT danaTis dedamiwas.
mere moxucma gadawyvita, mTebSi dafantul adamianebsac
daxmareboda. mZlavrad Semohkra xeli kanoasisa da takedamas
mxares velze aRmarTul kldeebs, gaapo isini da aiZula funsi,
Zirs gadaSvebuliyo.
mere yvela tomi isev bogotis vels daubruna, auSena qala-
qebi da ubrZana, mzisTvis ecaT Tayvani. gauCina maT beladebi da
xelisuflebac gaanawila – qurumisa da xalxis marTvisa. Tvi-
Ton ki idakansi dairqva da irakis – tunxis axlos mdebare
wminda vels miaSura; iq man ori aTasi weli kidev icocxla.”

is, rac monawileobs kosmosis Seqmnasa da mowyobaSi,

Seadgens mis nawils. yvelaferi, rac kosmosis Semadgeneli
nawilia, warmoiSva misi ganviTarebisas.
kosmogoniuri miTebi ganasaxiereben kavSirs makrokos-
mossa (buneba) da mikrokosmoss (adamiani) Soris. adamiani
erT-erTi elementia kosmologiuri sqemisa.
kosmogoniur miToss ganekuTvneba, magaliTad, cisa da
miwis gamijvna, qaosidan samyaros Seqmna, stiqiaTa qorwine-
bis Sedegad axali stiqiebis warmoSoba da sxva.
xSirad kosmogoniur miTosSi demiurgi monawileobs –
kulturuli gmiri.
kosmosi aris wesrigi. is qaosis sapirispiro cnebaa.

63
 indi
indiel
dielTa
elTa kosmo
osmogo
mogoni
gonia
nia

centraluri amerikis indielTa, kerZod, toltekebis

miTologiaSi umaRlesma RmerTma da misma meuRlem Seqmnes
oTxi vaJi: wiTeli teskatlipoka, Savi teskatlipoka, ke-
calkoatli da uicilopoCtli. isini samyaros oTx mxares
ganasaxierebdnen.
kecalkoatlma da teskatlipokam caSi aiyvanes miwis
qalRmerTi tlaltekutli, romelic ikbineboda da sanam
daeSvebodnen, ukve wyali warmoiqmna. qalRmerTisgan Seqmnes
miwa, misi Tmebisgan – xeebi, yvavilebi da balaxi, Tvale-
bisgan – Webi, wyaroebi da mRvimeebi, pirisgan – mdinareebi
da didi gamoqvabulebi, cxvirisgan – velebi da borcvebi,
mxrebisgan – mTebi. miwis Seqmnisgan 600 wlis Semdeg Seiq-
mna cecxli da mzis naxevari. Semdeg RmerTebis brZanebiT
kecalkoatlma da uicilopoCtlma Seqmnes pirveli wyvili.
kacs ubrZanes xvna, qals – rTva da qsova. Semdeg Seqmnes
dReebi da dayves Tveebad. da roca RmerTebma dainaxes, rom
naxevari mze sakmarisi ar iyo gasanaTeblad, maSin teskat-
lipoka Tavad gadaiqca mzed. is iyo samyaros pirveli peri-
odis mze. Semdeg RmerTebma gigantebi Seqmnes.

avona
vonavi
navilo
vilona
lona

Crdilo amerikis (zunis tomis) indielTa miTologia-

Si yoveli arsebis Semqmneli da pirvelmizezi aris RmerTi
avonavilona.
avonavilona imyofeboda pirvelsawyis sibneleSi da
usazRvro sivrceSi, sadac Semdgom Tavisi azri mimarTa.
iqidan warmoiSva burusi, romelic Seicavda sicocxlis Ca-
nasaxs. mogvianebiT avonavilonam miiRo mzis saxe. misi naT-
lisa da siTbos moqmedebiT burusi wvimad iqca da zRvebi
Seiqmna. Tavisi sxeulis nawilebisgan avonavilonam tyupi
samyaro Seqmna: oTxsafarveliani deda-miwa da yovlismom-
cveli mama-ca, romelTagan modis danarCeni sicocxle. avo-

64
navilona gansxeulebulia cargvalSi, naTelSi, haersa da
RrublebSi.

anTro
anTropo
Tropogo
pogoni
goniu
niuri miTe
miTebi
Tebi

anTropogoniuri miTebi anu miTebi adamianis warmoSo-

bis Sesaxeb ganekuTvneba kosmogoniuri miTebis sistemas.
anTropogoniur miTebSi aRwerilia adamianebis erTmane-
Tisgan gansxvavebac, aseve sxvadasxva tomTa warmoSobac,
rogorc, magaliTad, meqsikur legendaSi “rogor gaCndnen
zangebi, indielebi da metisebi”. es xalxuri gadmocema mi-
Tologiuri da bibliuri motivebisgan Sedgeba:

„adamsa da evas sami vaJi hyavdaT: melqiori, gaspari da

balTazari. adamma romis sma daiwyo da Sin xSirad mTvrali mi-
dioda xolme.
erTxel melqiorma mama mTvrali ipova gzaze da gaifiqra:
„ai, sadamde mivida mamaCveni. unda davsajo. modi, saxes naxSiriT
movuxatav, rom gamoiRviZebs, Sercxvebao, - da marTlac, saxeze
naxSiri wausva.
ZmasTan gaspari mivida da eubneba:
- egre ki ara, ai, ase unda mogesvao, - da ufro mouTxupna
saxe. am dros Tavs umcrosi Zma balTazari wamoadgaT.
- vin gabeda, vin moTxupna mamaCemio? – ikiTxa da saxe cxvir-
saxociT mouwminda. adams gamoeRviZa. balTazarma hkiTxa:
- mami, ra dagemarTao?
- Svilo, egre vin momTxupnao? – gaocda adami.
- ar vicio.
adami Sin wavida da ivaxSma. mere melqiorsa da gaspars dau-
Zaxa da hkiTxa: saxe Tqven xom ar gamiTxupneTo.
- ara, Cven ar mogviTxupniao, – miugo orivem.
biWebi zRvaze sabanaod wavidnen. pirvelad melqiorma ibanava.
wylidan rom amovida, mTlad Savi iyo. TviTon iyo damnaSave,
radgan mamas ase Seubraleblad moeqca. mere adamis meore vaJi,
gaspari Sevida wyalSi. wylidan moyviTalo-moyavisfro gamovida.
yvelaze bolos balTazari amovida wylidan. Tvalebi mwvane gax-
domoda, kani TeTrad uqaTqaTebda. maSin adamma Tqva:

65
 - ar gamotydiT Tqvens danaSaulSi, magram axla yvela daina-
xavs, vis undoda mamis Sercxvenao.
melqiori, gaspari da balTazari tisiminis wminda mefeebi
gaxdnen, radgan, rogorc cnobilia, isini pirvelebi gaCndnen
zRvaSi (isini pirvelsaxeebi arian im adamianebisa, romlebic Sem-
dgom gaCndnen im adgilebSi).
ase Caeyara safuZveli qristianTa sam ganStoebas: melqiori-
viT Sav zangebs, gaspariviT moyviTalo-yavisfer indielebs da
yvelaze umcrosi balTazaris msgavs metisebs.
zangebma da indielebma bevri da mZime samuSao unda Seasru-
lon, rom Tavi irCinon. metisebs ki SeuZliaT kalmiT imuSaon,
mecnierebis garda arafers mohkidon xeli.”

RmerTebi, demiurgebi Tu kulturuli gmirebi pirvel

adamianebs sxvadasxva masalisgan qmnian (magaliTad, Crdilo
amerikel indielTa – algonkinebis miTologiaSi demiurgi
adamianebs qmnis cxovelebis ConCxisgan, Tevzebisgan da
frinvelebisgan; perus indielTa miTologiaSi adamiani pal-
mis xisgan iqmneba.
Crdilo amerikis indielebis – irokezebis miTologia-
Si ioskexa pirvel adamianebs Zerwavs Tixisgan Tavisive ana-
reklis msgavsad. Crdilo amerikis indielTa miTologiaSi
talaxisgan adamianis Seqmna gavrcelebuli anTropogoniuri
miTosia.
kosmogoniuri da anTropogoniuri miTebi pirdapir kav-
SirSia kulturuli gmiris miTosTan.

esqa
esqato
qatolo
tologi
logiu
giuri miTe
miTebi
Tebi

esqatologiuri miTebi samyaros mosalodneli aRsas-

rulis Sesaxeb mogviTxroben. kosmogoniuri miTebisgan gan-
sxvavebiT esqatologiur miTebSi moTxrobilia samyaros
aRsasrulze da mocemulia winaswarmetyveleba. esqatolo-
giur miTebSi Sedis agreTve miTebi katastrofebze, kalen-
daruli miTebi, warmodgenebi mokvdav da aRdgenad RvTaebeb-
ze, borot sulebsa da sikvdilze.

66
 esqatologiuri miTosis klasikuri magaliTia acteke-
bisa da nauas cikluri epoqebi oTxi mzis monacvleobiT.
esqatologiuri miTebi skandinaviur-germanikul, indu-
istur da iudaistur miTologiebSic arsebobs. qristianul
religiaSi amisi magaliTia apokalipsi.
kolonialur epoqebSi dapyrobil xalxebSi mesianis-
turi ideebi gansakuTrebiT me-19 saukuneSi ganviTarda, an-
tikolonialisturi moZraobebis saTaveSi xSirad winaswar-
metyvelebi idgnen (religiuri niSniT).

kiTxve
iTxvebi
xvebi:
bi
• ris Sesaxeb aris moTxrobili kosmogoniur da an-
Tropogoniur miTebSi?
• ris Sesaxeb aris moTxrobili esqatologiur miTeb-
Si?

dava
davale
valeba
leba:
ba
• waikiTxeT samxreT da CrdiloeT amerikis indielTa
gadmocemebi samyaros Seqmnis da warRvnis Sesaxeb:
„rogor gaCndnen warRvnis Semdeg mdinareebi da mxe-
cebi“ (brazilia), „rogor gaCnda Rame“ (brazilia),
„rogor gaCndnen adamianebi da saidan warmoiSvnen in-
kebi“ (andebis mTianeTi), „rogor ubiZges cas“ (Crdi-
loeTi), „rogor gaCnda Rame“ (cecxlovani miwa),
„ratomaa Rame grZeli“ (cecxlovani miwa), „ratom
dadis mze nel-nela“ (cecxlovani miwa), „rogor gaC-
nda mze da mTvare“ (meqsika).
• miTologiur gadmocemaTa romel rigs miakuTvnebdiT
am teqstebs: astralur miTebs, kosmogoniur miTebs
Tu sxvas?
• ra saerTo da ganmasxvavebeli motivebi aqvT samxreT
da CrdiloeT indielTa kosmogoniur gadmocemebs?
• gaixseneT sxva legendebi varskvlavebis Sesaxeb da
SeadareT teqstebi.

67
lite
litera
teratu
ratura
tura:
ra
• braziliuri zRaprebi. k. lorTqifaniZis red. Tbili-
si: „nakaduli“, 1971.
• indielTa zRaprebi. m. zubadalaSvilis red. Tbilisi:
„nakaduli“, 1976.
• kiknaZe, z.: qarTuli folklori. Tbilisi: “Tsu ga-
momcemloba”, 2006. gv. 20-24.
• Dundes, A.: The Study of Folklore. Prentice-Hall, Inc.,
Englewood Cliffs, N. J. 1965.
• Velie, A.: Aztekisches Erzählgut. In: Enzyklopädie des
Märchens. B. 1. Berlin / New York, Walter de Gruyter,
1984. gv. 1118-1120.

68
 VIII Tavi

kulturuli gmiri da demonebi amerikis xalxTa

miTologiaSi. Samanizmi

kulturuli gmiri. demonuri Tqmulebebi.

cneba „Samani“. preriebis indielebi. Crdilo-
aRmosavleTis indielebi. Crdilo-dasavleTis
indielebi. kalifornieli indielebi.

kultu
ulturu
turuli
ruli gmiri
miri

kulturul gmirs icnobs msoflios yvela xalxis mi-

Tologia. gansakuTrebiT Camoyalibebuli saxe aqvs Sume-
rul-aqadur, egviptur, Zvel iranul, Zvel indur, iberi-
ul-kavkasiur, berZnul, skandinaviur, paleoafrikul, pale-
oaziur, polineziur da Crdiloamerikis indielTa miTo-
logiur sistemebSi. xSirad es miTosuri personaJi tote-
muri winaparia – cxovelTa da adamianTa gansazRvruli
jgufis Semqmneli.
samecniero termini „kulturuli gmiri“ miTologiaSi
iseT personaJs aRniSnavs, romelic pirvelad moipovebs an
qmnis adamianebisTvis sxvadasxva kulturul sagnebs –
cecxls, mcenares, Sromis iaraRebs da sxv., aswavlis nadi-
robis xerxebs, ayalibebs gansazRvrul socialur organi-
zacias. igi agreTve monawileobs samyaros Seqmnasa da pir-
veli adamianebis aRzrdaSi.
kulturuli gmiris klasikur moqmedebad iTvleba
cecxlis motaceba, rac amerikis indielTa miTologiaSi
erT-erTi mniSvnelovani Temaa.
samyaros SeqmnaSi monawileobisa da kulturuli sag-
nebis mopovebis garda kulturuli gmiris funqciaSi Sedis
stiqiur-qaotur ZalebTan brZolac.
Crdiloamerikis xalxTa miTologiaSi kulturuli
gmiris funqcias yorani da koioti asruleben.

69
 indielTa zepir gadmocemebSi yorani da koioti SeiZ-
leba sxvadasxva funqciiT Segvxvdes. isini SeiZleba iyvnen
pirvelwinaprebi, Samanebic da triqsterebic.
tradiciuli rwmena-warmodgeniT, indielebi yoransa
da koiots aRiqvamen rogorc mediatorebs urTierTsapiris-
piro sknelebs Soris. klod levi-strosma yuradReba gaa-
maxvila maT „Sualedurobaze“. yorani leSismWameli arsebaa
mtacebel frinvelTa klasidan, koiotic leSismWamelia,
oRond mtacebel ZuZumwovarTa klasidan. saboloo jamSi,
isini sicocxlesa da sikvdils Soris dganan.
CrdiloeTis indielTa zepiri gadmocemebiT, yoranTan
da koiotTan dakavSirebulia civilizaciisTvis aucilebeli
sayofacxovrebo pirobebis Seqmna: sasmeli wylisa da cec-
xlis mopoveba, meurneobis ganviTareba, sakvebis momzadeba
da sxv. teqstSi „rogor mieSvela yorani Zvel xalxs“ ase-
Ti ambavia moTxrobili.

„ZvelisZvelad, uxsovar dros, samyaros dasawyisSi lega

arwivi inaxavda mzes, mTvares, varskvlavebs, sasmel wyalsa da
cecxls. lega arwivs adamianebi ar uyvarda da yvelafers uma-
lavda. adamianebi wyvdiadSi cxovrobdnen, cecxli ara hqondaT
da sasmeli wyali.
lega arwivs erTi lamazi qali hyavda. es qali yorans Se-
uyvarda. yorani maSin lamazi Wabuki iyo. TeTrbumbulgadapenti-
li frinveli moevlina qals da imasac gulSi Cauvarda. man yo-
rani mamis saxl-karSi miiwvia.
yoranma rom dainaxa arwivis sadgomis kedlebze mze, mTva-
re, varskvlavebi da sasmeli wyali ekida, mixvda, rac unda eqna...
dro ixelTa, yvelaferi Camoxsna kedlidan, muguzalic zed daa-
mata da sakvamuridan gamofrinda.
rogorc ki gareT daigula Tavi, mze caze Camohkida. ise
ganaTda, okeanis Soreul kunZulzec SeeZlo gadafrena. mze rom
Cavida, mTvare Camohkida da irgvliv mTel caze varskvlavebi
dasxa. TviTon ki mofrinavda da Tan mohqonda sasmeli wyali da
muguzali.
mofrinavda dedamiwaze. saWiro adgilamde rom moawia, is-
rola sasmeli wyali. gaCnda qveyanaze wyaroebi, tbebi. yoranma
gza ganagrZo, niskartiT muguzali eWira. bolavda muguzali. yo-

70
rans TeTri bumbuli sul gauSava. niskartic moetrusa, da iZu-
lebuli gaxda, muguzali gadaegdo. muguzali kldeze daeca da
cecxli qvaSi wavida, mas Semdeg qvas qvaze Tu gauxaxuneb, cec-
xli gamofrindeba.
muguzlis alisgan Setrusul yornis bumbuls siSave aRar
moscilebia, da, ai, amitomaa yorani axlac Savi.”

yorani Tavisi Samanuri Tvisebebis wyalobiT zeskneli-

sa da qvesknelis erTmaneTTan damakavSirebelia rogorc ze-
ciuri da xTonuri frinveli, caSi mfrinavi da miwaSi
mZromeli. igi mediatoria zafxulsa da zamTars Soris ro-
gorc aragadamfreni frinveli, Sualedia svelsa da
mSrals, xmeleTsa da zRvas, mtknarsa da mlaSe wyals, mam-
rsa da mdedrs Soris. sxvadasxva xalxTa miTebSi yorans
sxvadasxva cxoveli Seesabameba: wavi, oboba, kurdReli, me-
lia da sxv.
bevr enaSi yornis saxelwodeba an mis Sav fers ukav-
Sirdeba (baltiuri, slavuri, arabuli, Cinuri) an mis Cxa-
vils bgerebis mibaZviT (romanuli, germanikuli, kelturi,
ungruli, paleoaziuri, actekuri). Savi feri demonurisa
da xTonuris niSania, xolo Cxavili – cudi ambis momaswa-
vebeli.
yornis eposi gansakuTrebiT gavrcelebulia alaskaze.
miTologiuri gadmocemebi koiotis Sesaxeb erTdrou-
lad asaxavs rogorc totemistur, ise kosmogoniur da an-
Tropogoniur warmodgenebs.
gadmocemaSi „rogor exmareboda koioti xalxs“ koio-
ti totemur winaprad aris warmodgenili, romelsac civi-
lizacia Semoaqvs sazogadoebaSi. koioti ebrZvis borot
sulebs, Tevzaobas da sakvebis momzadebas aswavlis xalxs,
adgens nadirobisa da Tevzaobis wesebs, mdinareze CanCqers
aCens, zamTris yinvebs spobs, Tesavs xilsa da marcvleuls,
akeTebs Sromis iaraRebs (dana, najaxi), wylis transports
(kanoes), saomar iaraRs da aswavlis mis moxmarebas.

71
 demo
demonu
monuri
nuri Tqmu
Tqmule
mulebe
lebebi
bebi

demonuri warmodgenebi ukavSirdeba ganzogadebul

rwmenas ganusazRvrel da uformo RvTaebriv Zalaze, rome-
lic marTavs adamianis bedisweras. sxvadasxva xalxTa miTo-
logiur sistemebSi demonuri arsebebi warmoadgenen perso-
naJebs, romlebic ar arian RmerTebi da ierarqiulad maTze
dabal safexurze dganan.
demonuri Tqmulebebi tropikuli tyeebis indielTa
folklorisTvis aris damaxasiaTebeli. mdinare orinokosa
da mdinare amazonis vrcel junglebSi, romelsac agreTve
gvianas mTiani regionebic miekuTvneba, bevri tomi cxov-
robs, romelTac gansxvavebuli religia aqvT. amis miuxeda-
vad, maT rwmena-warmodgenebsa da wes-CveulebebSi bevri ram
saerToa.
samxreT amerikis indielTa cxovrebaSi mniSvnelovan
rols TamaSobda warmodgena sulis Sesaxeb.
aRmosavleT ekvadoris Jivaros tomi erTmaneTisgan ga-
nasxvavebda `Cveulebriv”, `srulyofil” da `SurismaZiebel”
suls.
Cveulebrivi suli mokvdavi sxeulis atributia;
srulyofili suli mxolod uxilavi samyaros xilvis Sem-
deg miiRweva. srulyofilma sulma unda gandevnos adamianis
sxeulis sisxlis wyurvili. is sxva suls miiRebs, Tu
mters moklavs; rogorc ori srulyofili sulis mflobe-
li, momavalSi is dauZleveli iqneba. miuxedavad imisa, rom
mas orze meti sulis qona ar SeuZlia, unari Seswevs, Se-
iTvisos sxva sulebSi arsebuli Zala.
SurismaZiebeli suli is sulia, romelsac Tavis
mkvlelze SurisZieba surs. am mizeziT Jivaros tomis in-
dielebi Tavisi mtris Tavis qalas axmobdnen. maT swamdaT,
rom SurismaZiebeli suli danakecebul Tavis qalaSi xafan-
giviT moqceuli iqneboda.
warmodgenebi demonuri sulebis Sesaxeb dResac arse-
bobs samxreT amerikis mosaxleobaSi. garda folklorisa,
es rwmena-warmodgenebi yoveldRiuri cxovrebis nawilia,

72
rac asaxvas poulobs samxreT amerikis Tanamedrove kul-
turaSi, mwerlobasa da tele-kinoxelovnebaSi.

Sama
Samaniz
manizmi
nizmi

mirCa eliades ganmartebiT, Samanizmi ar aris religia,

aramed eqstazuri da Terapiuli meTodebis erTianoba, ro-
melsac erTi mizani aqvs _ daamyaros kontaqti sxva para-
lelurad arsebul, magram uxilav sulTa samyarosTan, ra-
Ta maTi daxmarebiT adamiani gankurnos.
miuxedavad imisa, rom Samanizmi praqtikulad yvela
kontinentis religiebSi da kulturul sivrceebSi das-
turdeba, centraluri da CrdiloeTi azia mis samSoblod
miiCneva.
Samanizmi klasikuri formiT amerikis indielTa Soris
eskimosebisTvis aris damaxasiaTebeli. maT saqmianobas Ziri-
Tadad Tevzaoba da nadiroba warmoadgens, amitom msxver-
plSewirva daxocili cxovelebiT xdeba.
amerikis Crdi
Crdilo
dilo-
lo-aRmo
aRmosav
mosavleT
savleTSi
leTSi mcxovreb indielebs
swamT yovlismomcveli Zalisa, romelsac algonkinis xal-
xebi „manitus“, huronebi „likis“ da irokezebi „orendas“
uwodeben. es Zala, keTili Tu boroti, gansxeuldeba su-
lier sagnebsa da nivTebSi. is kavSirs amyarebs sulebsa da
adamianebs Soris. CrdiloeT sanapiros xalxebis ritualu-
ri cxovreba mdidaria msxverplSewirvisa da gamosyidvis
ceremoniebiT, agreTve gadasvlis ritualebi, romlisTvisac
gareuli cxovelebi da sakvebi mcenareebi gamoiyeneba. cxa-
dia, arseboben calkeuli personaluri sulebi, romelTa
gamowveva Samanurad gansazRvruli ritualiT aris SesaZle-
beli. magiuri Selocvebi, niRbebi da sxva „Zliermoqmedi“
sagnebi gansakuTrebuli kultis sferoSi Sedis.
preri
rerie
riebis
bis indi
indie
dielebi
lebis
bis kulturaSi Samanebi da eqimbaSe-
bi mniSvnelovan rols asruleben. isini kastas qmnian. erTi
uxucesTagani ritual „hakos“ xelmZRvanelobs, romelSic
simbolurad ikvreba TaobaTa Soris kavSiri. eqimbaSi (Sav-

73
fexa tomis indielebSi igi qalia) mzis cekvas asrulebs.
mzis cekvis dros mamrobiTi sqesis wevrebi fizikur gvemas
ganicdian, rom umaRles suls miuaxlovdnen.
Crdi
Crdilo
dilo-
lo-dasav
dasavle
savleTi
leTis
Tis indi
indie
dielebSi
lebSi Samanoba iSviaTad ga-
dadioda memkvidreobiT. am regionSi yvelgan aris gavrce-
lebuli es instituti. Samans SeeZlo jadoqaric yofili-
yo. sazogadoebis danarCeni wevrebisTvis ki jadoqroba ak-
rZaluli iyo da sikvdiliT isjeboda.
umniSvnelovanesi ceremoniebi am regionSi eqstazuri
cekvebia, romlebic zamTris ganmavlobaSi sruldeboda.
kali
kalifor
liforni
fornie
nieli indi
indie
dielebi
lebis
bis religiac icnobs Samanizmis
instituts. maT rwmena-warmodgenebSi mniSvnelovania xilve-
bi da gamocxadebebi. kaliforniis indielebs aqvT kurTxe-
vis ritualebi, pubertetis ceremoniebi (gansakuTrebiT go-
gonebisTvis) da saunis kultebi, romelSic kaci Tavis uw-
mindurebas Camoirecxavs. kaliforniis indielTa rituale-
bisTvis damaxasiaTebelia fsiqotropuli sasmelis, toloa-
Ces eqstratis gamoyeneba. am toqsikur mcenares evropaSic
iyenebdnen jadoqrebi. zogierT adgilebSi toloaCes kulti
elitaruli iyo. is gza iyo xilvebisa da sulebis samya-
rosken. toloaCe mniSvnelovan rols asrulebda sxva sazo-
gadoebriv ceremoniebSic, magaliTad, dakrZalvis ritualeb-
Si.
amerikis indielTa rwmena-warmodgenebSi samyaro suli-
eri derefania TiToeuli adamianisTvis. m. eliades sityviT,
ar arsebobs sazRvari, sadac Sewydeba “profanulad” fiqri
da daiwyeba `religiuri” azrovneba, sakraluri da profa-
nuli erTmaneTs mudam gadakveTen, isini erT enaze lapara-
koben da urTierTTanxmobiT acxadeben erTsa da imave WeS-
maritebas.

kiTxve
iTxvebi
xvebi:
bi
• ra funqciebi aqvs kulturul gmirs?
• ra saxis gadmocemebs aerTianeben „demonologiur
TqmulebebSi“?
• ra aris Samanis daniSnuleba?

74
dava
davale
valeba
leba:
ba
• waikiTxeT gadmocemebi „legenda maniokze“, „wiTeli
ciyvi“, „taina-kani saRamos varskvlavi“, „rogor moi-
pares adamianebma cecxli“, „koioti da arwivi gar-
dacvlilTa qveyanaSi“, „Svidi eSmakis mTebi“, „koio-
ti da urCxuli mdinare kolumbiidan“, „rogor exma-
reboda koioti xalxs“, „rogor daexmara taiini ada-
mianebs“, „mTis yvavili“, `iStlaksiuatlisa da popo-
katepetlis vulkanebis legenda“ da h. longfelos
„yanebis kurTxevis dResaswauli“.
• daajgufeT es teqstebi Semdegi kategoriebis mixed-
viT – totemuri miTebi, kosmogoniuri miTebi, an-
Tropogoniuri miTebi, miTebi kulturul gmirze.
Tqveni azriT, SeiZleba Tu ara, erTi da igive teq-
sti sxvadasxva kategoriebisTvis damaxasiaTebel niS-
nebs atarebdes?
• romeli personaJebi atareben kulturuli gmiris
Tvisebebs? CamoTvaleT maTi zebunebrivi Tvisebebi.
• SeadgineT cxrili, romelSic daajgufebT kultu-
rul gmirebs amerikis indielTa gadmocemebidan.
• waikiTxeT gadmocema „Samani maxanakolo”. raSi gamoi-
xateba Samanuri codna?

lite
litera
teratu
ratura
tura:
ra
• indielTa zRaprebi. m. zubadalaSvilis red. Tbilisi:
„nakaduli“, 1976.
• Dundes, A.: The Study of Folklore. Prentice-Hall, Inc.,
Englewood Cliffs, N.J. 1965.

75
 IX Tavi

samyaros xe amerikis xalxTa miTologiaSi

samyaros xis vertikaluri dayofa. samyaros

xis horizontaluri dayofa. ricxvTa simbo-
lika. samyaros ganlageba nauas da keCuas mi-
TologiaSi.

arsebobs miTologemebi, romlebic TiTqmis yvela xal-

xis miTologiur sistemaSi moipoveba. erT-erTi maTgania
samyaros xe (laT. arbor mundi). brinjaos xanidan moyole-
buli dRevandlamde samyaros xe gvxvdeba evropisa da azi-
is, cimbiris, afrikis, avstraliisa da okeaniis xalxTa
tradiciebSi, maT Soris amerikis xalxTa miTologiaSi.
samyaros xis meSveobiT da masTan asocirebuli saxee-
biT – „samyaros RerZi“, „samyaros boZi“, „samyaros mTa“,
taZari, triumfaluri TaRi, kolona, obeliski, taxti, ki-
be, jvari, jaWvi – mTliandeba urTierTdapirispirebuli
sivrceebi: ca da qveskneli.

samyaros xe maias miTologiaSi

76
 samyaros xis simboluri gamoxatva gvxvdeba rogorc
rwmena-warmodgenebSi, ise sxvadasxva Janris sityvier teq-
stebSi, ritualur qmedebebSi, saxviTi xelovnebis ZeglebSi
(ferwera, ornamenti, skulptura, naqargoba), arqiteqtu-
rul nagebobebSi.
samyaros xe dgas samyaros sakralur centrSi da ika-
vebs vertikalur mdgomareobas.
xSirad samyaros xeSi xazgasmulia romelime konkre-
tuli funqcia: „sicocxlis xe“, „nayofierebis xe“, „Suagu-
lis xe“, „aRmasvlis xe“, „ciuri xe“, „Samanis xe“, „misti-
kuri xe“, „xe cnobadisa“ da sxva.

samya
amyaro
yaros
ros xis ver
verti
ertika
tikalu
kaluri
luri dayo
dayofa
yofa

samyaros xis danawevrebisaas gamoiyofa sami nawili:

• qveda (fesvebi),
• Sua (Rero)
• zeda (totebi).
samyaros xis meSveobiT gamoixateba samyaros ZiriTadi
zonebi:
• sivrcobrivi sfero: zeda (zeskneli), Sua (mi-
wa), qveda (qveskneli);
• droiTi sfero: warsuli – awmyo – momavali
(dRe da Rame, wlis sasikeTo da arasasikeTo
dro); genealogiur WrilSi winaprebi – axali
Taoba – STamomavloba;
• etiologiuri sfero: sasikeTo, neitraluri da
arasasurveli mizezi da Sedegi;
• anatomiuri sfero: sxeulis sami nawili – Tavi,
tani, fexebi;
• elementTa sfero: stiqiis sami saxe – cecxli,
miwa, wyali.
samyaros xis samnawilianoba vertikalSi xazgasmulia
TiToeuli nawilisadmi cxovelTa garkveuli klasis mikuT-
vnebiT:
77
 • samyaros xis zeda nawilTan (totebi) dakavSi-
rebulia frinvelebi.
• samyaros xis Sua nawilTan gamosaxulia Cli-
qosnebi (irmebi, cxenirmebi, Zroxebi, cxenebi, an-
tilopebi da misT.).
• samyaros xis qveda nawilTan (fesvebi) binadro-
ben gvelebi, bayayebi, Tagvebi, Taxvebi, wavebi,
Tevzebi, zogjer daTvi an xTonuri tipis fan-
tastikuri urCxuli.

samya
amyaro
yaros
ros xis hori
horizo
rizon
zontalu
taluri
luri dayo
dayofa
yofa

samyaros xis horizontaluri sibrtye ganisazRvreba

ori koordinatiT – marcxnidan marjvniv da winidan ukan.
gverdebze an kuTxeebSi SeiZleba iyos centrSi mdgar samya-
ros xis urTierTSesabamisi sxva xeebi an miTologiuri
personaJebi, qarebi, RmerTebi. samyaros horizontaluri da-
yofa gansakuTrebiT xelSesaxebad Cans actekTa miTologia-
Si. swored es sqema udevs safuZvlad actekTa arqiteqtu-
rul sakulto nagebobebs.

samyaros xe actekur miTologiaSi

78
 samyaros xis horizontaluri struqtura ara marto
ricxviTi mimarTebebisa da qveynierebis mxareebis modelire-
bas axdens, aramed weliwadis droebis (gazafxuli, zafxu-
li, Semodgoma, zamTari), dRe-Ramis nawilebis (dila, Suad-
Re, saRamo, Rame), ferebisa da samyaros elementebis.
horizontaluri struqtura saSualebas iZleva, gan-
vasxvavoT “civilizebuli” (kulturasTan dakavSirebuli)
da “auTvisebeli” (bunebasTan dakavSirebuli). samyaros xe
gamoyofs kosmiur samyaros qaosurisgan.

ricxvTa
icxvTa simbo
imboli
bolika
lika

samyaros xis sqema Seicavs im miTopoetur ricxviT

mniSvnelobaTa nakrebs, romelic kosmoss awesrigebs.
sami
sami warmoadgens saxes absoluturi srulyofilebisa
da nebismieri dinamikuri procesisa, romelic gulisxmobs
warmoSobas, ganviTarebasa da dasasruls. sami SeiZleba
iyos: vertikalis mixedviT danawileba, RmerTebis triadebi,
zRapris sami gmiri, sami umaRlesi Rirebuleba, sami socia-
luri jgufi, sami cda, nebismieri procesis sami etapi da
misT.
oTxi
oTxi warmoadgens statikuri mTlianobis ideas. oTxad
SeiZleba iyos ganawilebuli sivrce, RmerTTa oTxeulebi,
qveynierebis oTxi mxare, ZiriTadi mimarTulebebi, wlis
droebi da misT.
Svidi
vidi aris wina ori ricxvis jami da qveynierebis
statikuri da dinamikuri aspeqtebis sinTezis saxe: samya-
ros Svidnawiliani struqtura, samyaros Svidi toti, Sama-
nuri xeebis Svidi toti, Svidwevriani panTeonebi da sxva.
samyaros xis gansakuTrebuli roli miTologiaSi gani-
sazRvreba imiT, rom is Sualeduri rgolia samyaros (mak-
rokosmoss) da adamians (mikrokosmoss) Soris da warmoad-
gens maTi gadakveTis adgils. samyaros xis saxe aCvenebs,

79
Tu Tu rogor gansazRvravs adamiani Tavis adgils samyaro-
Si.
kacobriobis kulturul ganviTarebaSi samyaros xis
koncefciam Tavisi kvali datova religiur da miTologiur
warmodgenebSi, romlebic gamovlinda enaSi, zepirsityvier
teqstebSi, saxviT xelovnebaSi, arqiteqturaSi, dasaxlebaTa
dagegmarebaSi, ritualebSi, TamaSebSi, qoreografiaSi, soci-
alur da ekonomikur struqturebSi da adamianis fsiqikis
zogierT TaviseburebebSic – bavSvis fsiqikis ganviTarebis
garkveul etapze xis saxe dominirebs bavSvebis mier Seq-
mnil naxatebSi.

samya
amyaro
yaros
ros gan
ganla
anlage
lageba
geba nau
nauas da keCu
keCuas
Cuas miTo
miTolo
Tologi
logia
giaSi

nauas tomi CrdiloeTidan movida centralur amerika-

Si Cveni welTaRricxvis dasawyisSi. maT Tavdapirvel panTe-
onSi winaparTa kultze ufro metad nadirobis RvTaebebs
scemdnen Tayvans. isini mWidrod ukavSirdebodnen ciur mna-
Tobebs. naua mTel samyaros aRiqvamda rogorc cameti cisa
da cxra qvesknelisgan Sedgenils (iseve rogorc maia).
1) mTvaris ca
2) varskvlavebis ca
3) mzis ca
4) veneras ca
5) kometebis ca
6) Savi an mwvane (Ramis) ca
7) cisferi (dRis) ca
8) qarebis ca
9) TeTri ca
10) yviTeli ca
11) wiTeli ca
meTormete da mecamete ca hermafroditi RvTaebis sam-
yofeli iyo.
nauas miTologiaSi samyaros istoria gansazRvrul
ciklebad Tu periodebad mimdinareobda, romlebic erTma-

80
neTs cvlidnen. TiToeul cikls Tavisi mmarTveli – rome-
lime RvTaeba hyavda da mTavrdeboda samyaros katastro-
fiT: xanZriT, warRvniT, miwisZvriT da sxva.

taZris safexurebi. iukatani

(igal mendikutis foto, 2010)

keCuas warmodgeniT, dedamiwa mudam arsebobda. kosmo-

goniuri miTebis Tanaxmad mTeli samyaro erTianad iyo aR-
qmuli, romelic samad iyofoda: zeskneli, sadac ciuri
RvTaebebi cxovrobdnen, Suaskneli – dedamiwis zedapiri da
qveskneli – xTonur arsebaTa samyofeli.
am sam samyaros erTmaneTTan akavSirebs ori uzarmaza-
ri gveli. roca qvesknelSi arian, wyalSi wvanan. roca de-
damiwaze amodian, erTi vertikalurad moZraobs da miwidan
cisken asuli xis saxes iRebs, meore ki mdinared iqceva.
zesknelSi erTi gveli cisartyelad gardaiqmneba, meore –
elvad.

81
 qvesknelSi bneli Zalebi cxovroben. imavdroulad
qveskneli adamianis warmoSobasTanac aris kavSirSi. miTebis
didi umravlesoba mogviTxrobs, rom adamianebi dedamiwis –
paCamamas wiaRidan wamovidnen tbebis, mdinareebisa da wya-
roebis gavliT.

kiTxve
iTxvebi
xvebi:
bi

• samyaros xis ra da ra variantebi arsebobs?

• rogori sagnebi asocirdeba samyaros xesTan?
• rogor iyofa samyaros xe vertikalurad?
• rogor iyofa samyaro horizontalurad?
• ra aris samyaros xis ZiriTadi idea?

lite
litera
teratu
ratura
tura:
ra

• indielTa zRaprebi. m. zubadalaSvilis red. Tbilisi:

„nakaduli“, 1976.
• kiknaZe, z.: qarTuli folklori. Tbilisi: “Tsu ga-
momcemloba”, 2006.
• Dundes, A.: The Study of Folklore. Prentice-Hall, Inc.,
Englewood Cliffs, N.J. 1965.
• Мифы народов мира, I. Pед. C. A. Токарев. Москва:
«Советская Энциклопедия», 1991. gv. 398-405.

82
 X Tavi

samyaros gaazreba maias miTologiaSi

samyaros dayofa. arqiteqtonuri sivrce. pe-

lotas TamaSi.

samya
amyaro
yaros
ros dayo
dayofa
yofa

dro da sivrce, e. kasireris ganmartebiT, is erTiano-

baa, romelTanac dakavSirebulia mTeli sinamdvile. miTosu-
ri azrovnebisTvis sivrce da dro ar niSnavs mxolod
formebs, isini saidumlo Zalebs warmoadgenen, romlebic
ara marto mokvdavTa cxovrebas ganageben, aramed RmerTebis
sicocxlesac gansazRvraven.
maias miTologiuri warmodgenebis mixedviT, samyaro
samad aris dayofili: miwier, ciur da miwisqveSa nawile-
bad.
pirveli – miwa warmodgenilia kvadratulad: Sedgeba
oTxi seqtorisgan, TiToeuls Seesabameba sakuTari simbo-
luri feri (Savi, TeTri, wiTeli da yviTeli) da xe RvTa-
ebrivi frinveliT, romelsac kavSiri aqvs cis RvTaebebTan,
lobiosa da simindis konkretul jiSebTan.
miwa qmnis safuZvels cisTvis, romelic oTxkuTxa pi-
ramidad aris warmodgenili.
piramida Sedgeba cameti safexurisgan, romlebic Tan-
daTan pataravdeba. TiToeuli safexuri TiTo RvTaebas See-
sabameba. saTaveSi umaRlesi RvTaeba dgas. ciuri piramidis
sapirispiroa samyaroa miwisqveSeTi, romelic miwis safuZ-
vels qmnis da qvemoT viTardeba: mas cxra sivrce aqvs. sa-
TaveSi gardacvlilTa RvTaeba dgas. centraluri xe, “didi
deda ceiba” (tropikuli giganturi xe) yvela kosmiur
elementSi gadadis, Tavad ki SemaerTebel elements warmo-
adgens.
samyaros am agebulebis umTavresi wertili mzea, ro-
melic droisa da sivrcis momawesrigebelia.

83
 savaraudoa, rom oTxnawiliani struqtura ciuri sxe-
ulebis moZraobas ukavSirdeba. arsebobs mzis “oTxi sax-
li”, romlebic im oTx adgils Seesabamebian, romlebSic
mze Cerdeba zamTrisa da zafxulis buniobis dros. mexuTe
saxli aris centri – zeniti, piramidis wveri. amis sapi-
rispiro centri ki miwis qveS aris.

cis oTxi mxare maias miTologiaSi

ricxvi oTxi maias kosmologiaSi xSirad gvxvdeba da

zogierT naxatze simbolurad aris warmodgenili: mze aris
oTxfurclovani yvavili, romelic cis oTx mxares ganasa-
xierebs. sivrcis oTxad ganawileba dakavSirebulia dedami-
wis RerZis Sesaxeb warmodgenasTan. RerZs ganasaxierebs xe,
romelic sam samyaroSia ganawilebuli. misgan gansxvavebiT,
danarCeni xeebi ar arian centralur poziciaSi da sxva
Tvisebebi aqvT: isini aRmarTuli arian zeda samyarosken da
qveda samyaroSi dganan. piramidis agebuleba masTan dakavSi-
rebuli simbolikis demonstrirebaa. safexurebi Seesabamebi-
an gradaciul aRmarTs (zecisken) an daRmarTs (miwisqveSe-

84
Tisken). mravalferovnebis (miwieris) gadasvla xdeba erTi-
anobaSi.

arqi
arqiteq
qiteqto
teqtonu
tonuri
nuri sivrce
ivrce

maias warmodgenebSi qalaqi moazrebulia rogorc wmin-

da sivrce da masSi asaxulia samyaros struqtura.
religiuri ceremoniebis Casatarebeli adgilebi miwa-
zea ganlagebuli, piramidebi ki sxva kosmiur sivrceebs ga-
mosaxaven. taZrebi mzis saxlebis msgavsad aris agebuli.
isini safexurebad aris dayofili, adre maT Sesasvlels
qurumebi icavdnen, raTa xazi gaesvaT im siSorisTvis, rome-
lic adamianursa da RvTabrivs Soris arsebobda. qurumi
simbolurad am sazRvris gadamlaxavi iyo.
piramidebi kosmiuri simbolikis magaliTebs warmoadge-
nen. cametsafexuriani piramidis wveroze zis drakoni it-
cama, rac cisa da wminda mTis struqturas asaxavs. imave
qalaqSi meore taZars cxra safexuri aqvs. isini asaxaven
miwisqveSeTs da gardacvlilTa samefoSi Casasvlels.
pelotas saTamaSo moedani ciuri sxeulebis kosmiur
dialeqtikas gadmoscems. zogierT qalaqSi didi TaRovani
konstruqciebi dgas. aqedan iwyeba ori sacxovrebeli cen-
tris gamaerTianebeli quCa. mecnierebi varaudoben, rom es,
SesaZlebelia, piligrimTa gza yofiliyo. es gza amave dros
asaxavs irmis naxtoms da drakonis sxeulis Semadgeneli
nawilia. rkali or samyaros aerTianebs.
maias RvTaebebs mcenareTa da cxovelTa forma aqvT.
gveli pirdapir kavSirSia RvTaebebTan, radgan mudam maT
gverdiT aris gamosaxuli. igi frinvelTanac aris dakavSi-
rebuli da amitom drakonis saxes iRebs. gveli asaxavs mi-
was, frinveli kecali ki cas. did drakons aqvs sxvadasxva
cxovelis elementebic: irmis (miwasTan kavSiri), iaguaris
(miwisqveSa samyarosTan kavSiri), aligatorisa da niangis
(wylis stiqiasTan kavSiri). cis drakoni kosmosis sxvadas-
xva komponentebis erTianobas da harmonias ganasaxierebs.

85
cis drakoni xSirad bumbuliT Semosil orTavian arsebad
aris wamodgenili.

`TeTri gza” taZrisken. iukatani.

(igal mendikutis foto, 2010)

miTosuri azrovnebiT, adamiani Tavis Tavs ar aRiqvams

bunebaSi privilegirebulad. is organulad aris dakavSire-
buli masTan, rogorc sisxliT naTesavi.
adamiani Tayvans scems da maspinZlobs RmerTebs. amiT
is universumis centralur adgilze dgas rogorc axis
mundi – samyaros RerZi. adamiani gamosaxulia casa da sai-
qios Soris, jvris ZirSi, romelic kosmiur RerZis rols
asrulebs. adamiani ganicdis iniciacias, romelic maias xe-
lovnebaSi simbolurad gamoxatulia rogorc gamosvla gve-
lis an drakonis piridan. gveli – xTonuri arseba, rome-
lic gardacvlilTa samefos ukavSirdeba, am SemTxvevaSi
Tavisive sikvdilis simboloa. misi tyavis gamocvla ki xe-
laxla dabadebaze mianiSnebs.

86
 simbo
imbolo
bolo da ritu
ritua
tuali:
li: pelo
pelota
lotas
tas Tama
TamaSi
maSi

maias qalaqebSi burTis saritualo TamaSs – pelotas,

religiuri funqcia hqonda.
saTamaSo moednis ori mxare ganasaxierebs cis mnaTobe-
bisa da Ramis orTabrZolas. is agreTve Tanavarskvlavede-
bis TamaSia. TamaSi imisTvis tardeba, rom kosmiuri wesri-
gi mudam daculi iyos.
TamaSis dros ritualurad TamaSdeboda Tavis mokveTa.
amis erT-erTi damadasturebelia is, rom, pelotas forma
adamianis Tavis formas Seesabameba.
Tu rogor aisaxeba dro da sivrce adamianur gamocdi-
lebaSi, amas filosofiuri anTropologia swavlobs. droi-
sa da sivrcis aRqma yvela kulturaSi erTnairi ar aris,
magram erTi ram msoflios yvela xalxTa miTologiuri
sistemebisTvis saerToa: samyaros geometriuli dayofiT
adamiani Tavis adgils poulobs da sistemur kosmiur wes-
rigs qmnis.

kiTxve
iTxvebi
xvebi:
bi
• rogor iyofa samyaro horizontalurad maias
warmodgenebSi?
• rogor iyofa samyaro vertikalurad maias war-
modgenebSi?

lite
litera
teratu
ratura
tura:
ra
• kasireri, e.: ra aris adamiani: cda adamianuri kul-
turis filosofiis agebisa. germanulidan Targmna l.
ramiSvilma. Tbilisi: „ganaTleba“, 1983.
• Spineto, N.: Symbole der Menschheit. Düsseldorf, Pathmos
Verlag, 2003. gv. 198-205.

87
 XI Tavi

samyaros gaazreba actekTa miTologiaSi

dedaqalaqi teotihuakani. wminda sivrceebi da samyaros agebuleba. kos-

miuri wesrigi actekTa warmodgenebSi.

deda
dedaqa
daqala
qalaqi
laqi teo
teotihu
tihua
huakani
kani

taZars, qalaqsa da kosmoss Soris simboluri kavSiri

arsebobs: taZari da qalaqi gaazrebulia rogorc kosmosis
suraTi, romelic adamianis xeliT aris Seqmnili.
amis naTeli magaliTia actekebis qalaq teotihuakanSi
(„RmerTebis samyofeli“) wyaros gverdiT gamoqvabulSi
mowyobili oTaxebi. oTaxebs oTxfurcliani foTlis forma
aqvT, aSenebis drosac oTxad iyo dayofili da centrire-
buli.

oTxi mxris foTlovani gamosaxuleba tenoCtitlanis taZarSi

amgvarive ganawilebas vxvdebiT miwis zeviT naSeneb qa-

laqebSi, romlebSic oTxi mTavari quCa erTmaneTs gadakveTs
da qalaqs oTx ubnad hyofs.
centraluri gadakveTis adgilas kecalkoatlis taZa-
ri mdebareobs. is 365 TaviT aris Semkobili – kecalkoat-

88
lisa da tlalokis – wvimis da miwaTmoqmedebis RmerTis
TavebiT) da simbolurad weliwadis dReebs aRniSnaven.
Senobis garSemo Tormeti patara piramida dgas. mTeli
es kompleqsi astronomiulad zustad aris mowyobili. mzi-
sa da mTvaris piramidebic kosmiur mTas ganasaxiereben. qa-
laqs da maT monumentebs is struqtura aqvT, romelic sa-
fuZvlad udevs universumis dro-sivrcul wesrigs.

wmin
wminda
inda sivrce
ivrcee
rceebi da sam
samya
amyaro
yaros
ros age
agebu
gebule
buleba
leba

actekebi samyaros kvadratulad xedaven, romelic Sig-

nidan oTx regionad iyofa: CrdiloeTi – sibnelis qveyana,
romelic qvesknelis RmerTis samefoa; samxreTi – xmeleTi,
simSrale; aRmosavleTi – adgili, sadac keTildReoba su-
fevs; dasavleTi – adgili, sadac qalRvTaebebi cxovroben.
kvadratis centrSi aris cecxli.
miwis zeviT, romelic wyalzea daSenebuli, 13 sivrci-
ani ciuri samyaroa. TiToeul sivrces sakuTari feri, saxe-
li da Tviseba aqvs.
miwis qveS aris cxra nawilad dayofili qveskneli,
romelSic gardacvlili TandaTanobiT qvemoT miemarTeba.
dedamiwis oTxive kuTxeSi dgas xe. maT ca uWiravT da
imavdroulad warmoadgenen mediums casa da miwas Soris.
maTi meSveobiT sxvadasxva samyaroSi gadaadgileba SeiZleba.
zogierT miTologiur gadmocemaSi moTxrobilia erT did
centralur xeze, romelsac fesvebi qvesknelSi aqvs gad-
gmuli, tani SuasknelSi, totebi ki zesknelSi.
rwmena-warmodgena qalaqze rogorc kosmiur centrze
dafiqsirebulia tenoCtitlanis (qalaqi, romelic “cis
fundamentia”) aRweraSi.

89
 kosmi
osmiu
miuri wesri
esrigi
rigi actek
actekTa
tekTa warmod
armodge
modgeneb
genebSi
nebSi

sityva téotl-i, romelic espanelebma „RmerTad“, „wmin-

danad“, „demonad“ Targmnes, actekebisTvis sakraluri mniS-
vnelobis mqonea da sxvadasxvagvar konteqstSi gvxvdeba: is
SeiZleba exebodes bunebis movlenas an sagans (elva, quxi-
li, xe, mTa), adamians, saidumlo adgils, qaotur sivrces.
actekuri kosmosi xasiaTdeba am sakralur ZalTa ga-
moxatulebis erTianobiT. ase rom, actekuri simbolos ga-
azrebas zebunebrivi arsebebisa da maTi gacxadebis formebis
Seswavlamde mivyavarT.
actekebi iseve, rogorc sxva kulturebi centralur
amerikaSi, cas xedaven rogorc ucvlel elements, romelic
Sors aris yovelgvari adamianurisgan. is sxvadasxvagvarad
aisaxeba: rogorc horizontaluri feradi zolebi, rogorc
saxuravis an gvelis formis urCxuli. is aris mzisa da
mTvaris RmerTebis sauflo. mzes actekebi ukavSireben ar-
wivs, iaguars da mgels. mze gamoxatulia rogorc moelva-
re disko.
mTvare gamosaxulia, rogorc wyliT savse fiala sa-
lesaviT, kurdRliT da zRvis niJariT.
qarebi gansxvavebul Tvisebebs atareben. isini sxvadas-
xva mxares daqrian da an negatiur Zalas warmoadgenen, an
pozitiurs. Tu, erTi mxriv, zianis miyeneba SeuZliaT, meo-
re mxriv macocxlebeli Zalac aqvT. actekebis tradiciiT,
swored qarma aamoZrava mze.
wyals simbolurad ukavSirdeba Ria mwvane qvebi da ke-
calis mwvane bumbulebi. qalRmerTi CalCiuitlikue, rome-
lic aseve mTvares ukavSirdeba, ganasaxierebs wylis stiqi-
as da amitom gamoisaxeba nefritis samkaulebiT morTuli
kabiT. radgan wyali ganwmendis ritualis nawilia, is ukav-
Sirdeba rogorc sicocxles, ise sikvdils. tlaloki wvi-
mis wyals aZlevs qarebs, romlebic qveynis oTx mxares
cxovroben da jvris simbolosac warmoadgenen.
roca qarebi adamianuri saxiT gamoisaxebian, xelSi ia-
raRi da mSvildebi uWiravT – elvis simbolo. kidev erTi

90
stiqiuri elementia cecxli. cecxlis RmerTia Siutekut-
li. masTan kavSirSia wiwaka – mamakacuri energiis simbolo.
Siutekutli wyalsac ukavSirdeba, ramdenadac mas eqvemde-
bareba. wyalsac da cecxlsac ganmwmendi Zala aqvT.

tlaloki – wvimis RmerTi

actekebis warmodgeniT, samyaro moZraobaSi mohyavs

oTx mzes, romlebic „Semqmneli“ RvTaebebi arian. TiToeu-
li mze „qmnis“ samyaros da mere kvdeba. es oTxperiodiani
cikli oTx stiqiaSi aris gansaxovnebuli: mzeebi Seesabame-
bian miwas, haers, cecxls da wyals. am elementebs cal-
calke kosmosis tareba ar SeuZliaT. mexuTe mze iqmneba
oTxive elementis erToblivi muSaobiT, romlebic centrs
dinamikuri wonasworobiT warmoqmnian. es ar niSnavs imas,
rom mexuTe periodi maradiulad gagrZeldeba, isic damTav-
rdeba giganturi miwisZvriT. sxvagvari gaazreba Semdegia:
roca kosmosis fizikuri komponentebi (wyali, cecxli, hae-
ri, miwa) dakargaven imis Zalas, rom samyaro amoZravon, di-
namikasa da formirebis process Seqmnis dro.

91
 swored drois gansakuTrebuli mniSvnelobis gamo
mTel centralur amerikaSi gaCnda danawevrebuli da daxve-
wili kalendari, romelic amave dros mTlianad simbolu-
ria.

kiTxve
iTxvebi
xvebi:
bi

• rogor aris dayofili samyaro actekebis warmodge-

niT?
• SeadareT actekebisa da maias warmodgenebi samyaros
dayofis Sesaxeb.

lite
litera
teratu
ratura
tura:
ra

• Dundes, A.: The Study of Folklore. Prentice-Hall, Inc.,

Englewood Cliffs, N.J. 1965.
• Spineto, N.: Symbole der Menschheit. Düsseldorf, Pathmos
Verlag, 2003. gv. 191-198.
• Velie, A.: Aztekisches Erzählgut. In: Enzyklopädie des
Märchens. B. 1. Berlin / New York, Walter de Gruyter,
1977, gv. 1118-1120.

92
 XII Tavi

miTologiuri gadmocemebi samxreT

amerikaSi

samxreT amerikis xalxTa folkloris Tavise-

bureba. afro-amerikuli folkloris kvlevis
istoriidan.

samxre
amxreT
xreT ame
ameri
meriki
rikis
kis xal
xalxTa
alxTa folklo
olklori
kloris
ris Tavi
Tavise
visebu
sebure
bureba
reba

samxreT amerikaSi mcxovreb sxvadasxva xalxTa sulie-

ri kultura (poezia, musika, saxviTi xelovneba da sxv.)
organuli sinTezia indieli, afrikeli da evropeli xalxe-
bis kulturuli Rirebulebebisa.
indielebis kulturaze didi gavlena iqonia qristia-
nulma religiam, xolo indielebisa da afrikelebis rwmena-
warmodgenebi evropelebma gaiTavises. es gansakuTrebiT sam-
xreT amerikul folklorSi gamovlinda, romlis dRevande-
li saxiT CamoyalibebaSi Semdegma samma faqtorma iTamaSa
gadamwyveti roli:
1) pirveli wyaro indielTa miTologiuri gadmoceme-
bia. im indielebma, romlebic Znelad misawvdom mxareebSi
cxovrobden, dRemde aqvT SenarCunebuli tradiciuli sazo-
gadoebrivi wyoba da wes-Cveulebebi. maTTvis miTebi da le-
gendebi cocxal istorias warmoadgens, romlebSic Tavmoy-
rilia mTeli maTi kanonebi da koleqtiuri gamocdileba.
maT dResaswaulebze dRemde sruldeba cekvebi, romlebic
maTi gmirebis Tavgadasavals gadmoscemen.
2) samxreTamerikuli folkloris masazrdoebeli meo-
re wyaro afrikel xalxTa folkloria, romelic gansakuT-
rebiT mdidaria transamde misuli simRerebiTa da cekvebiT.
3) mesame wyaro evropelebis mier Camotanili evropu-
li da aziuri warmoSobis zRapruli siuJetebia, romleb-
Sic zRapris gmirebi tropikuli garemos Sesabamisad axal
Tvisebebs iZenen.

93
 brazilieli monebi
(Jan batist debre, XIX s. dasawyisi)

cxovelTa eposi samxreTamerikuli, gansakuTrebiT ki

braziliuri folkloris mniSvnelovan nawils Seadgens. af-
rikuli zRaprebi cxovelebis Sesaxeb metad axlos dgas
braziliur adgilobriv cxovelTa zRaprebTan da umetes
SemTxvevaSi Znelia garCeva, Tu romeli siuJetia afrikuli
da romeli braziliuri. sainteresoa isic, rom TviT cxo-
velTa zRaprebSic xSirad qristianizmebi gvxvdeba – RvTis-
mSobeli, wmindanebi an moraluri principebi. asea, magali-
Tad, etiologiur gadmocemaSi qorisa da kus Sesaxeb:

„erTxel caSi yovladsaxieri qalwulis dResaswauli gai-

marTa. yvela suldgmuli miiwvies. zlazvnia kus ar SeeZlo im
simaRleze droulad misvla da qors Seexvewa, wamiyvaneo.
qori daTanxmda, ku zurgze Seisva da gaaqrola. magram maR-
la-maRla rom afrinda, avi saqme Caidina: sawyali ku qveviT Ca-
moagdo. ku pitalo kldes daenarcxa da aTas nawilad daimsxvra.
es rom yovladsaxierma gaigo, cidan CamobrZanda, mokriba nam-
sxvrevebi, Seakowiwa, kus sicocxle daubruna da daloca, xolo
Savi qori samudamod dawyevla.
im dRidan kus nakuw-nakuw miwebebuli bakani aqvs javSnad.
qori ki ubedurebas Tess garSemo. xeze Semojdeba da – xes

94
foTlebi dascviva, monadire Tofs daumiznebs da – Tofi xelSi
ufeTqdeba, mokvdeba qori da – Zexorcieli ar ekareba, WianWve-
lac gverds auvlis da ase upatronod dalpeba xolme“.

tropikuli tyis indielTa miTologiur warmodgenebSi

arsebiTia uxilavi samyaros arseboba, romelic mokvdavis-
Tvis miuwvdomelia. am samyaros Secnoba mxolod cnobiere-
bis Secvlil mdgomareobaSia SesaZlebeli: sizmarSi, tran-
sSi, narkotikis SesunTqviT gamowveuli xilvebis dros an-
da gansakuTrebuli varjiSis Sedegad SeZenili unariT. sxva
samyaros binadari arseba zogadad cxovelis saxes iRebs
(niangi, anakonda, iaguari an Zera), romlis zebunebriv Za-
las mxolod misnobaSi ganswavluli SeiZleba Cawvdes. mag-
ram yvelaferi uxilavad rCeba. braziliisa da venesuelas
sazRvarze ganasxvaveben dafaruli arsebebis sxvadasxva ka-
tegorias.

afro
afro-
ro-ameri
meriku
rikuli
kuli folklo
olklori
kloris
ris kvle
kvlevi
levis
vis
isto
istori
torii
riidan
dan

amerikis SeerTebul Statebsa da laTinuri amerikis

qveynebSi Sekrebili xalxuri gadmocemebis yvelaze didi da
mdidari korpusi Cawerilia Savkaniani mosaxleobisgan (ka-
ribis kunZulebze, samxreT amerikis dasavleT sanapiroebsa
da CrdiloeT amerikaSi mcxovreblebi).
sxvadasxva dros „Savkanianebad“ da „zangebad“, dRevan-
del dRes ki „afro-amerikelebad“ wodebuli xalxebi
XVII-XVIII saukuneebSi inglisur koloniebSi monebad Ca-
moyvanili afrikelebis STamomavlebi arian. maTi folklo-
ri farTo sazogadoebisTvis 1880 wlidan gaxda cnobili,
roca jorjielma Jurnalistma j. harisma „biZia remusi, mi-
si simRerebi da naTqvamebi: Zveli plantaciebis folklo-
ri“ („Uncle Remus, His Songs and His Sayngs: the Folk-Lore of

95
the Old Plantation“) gamoaqveyna. harisma moTxrobebi uSua-
lod yofili monebisgan Caiwera da literaturulad daa-
muSava – ambebi erT CarCoSi moaqcia. moxuci mona, Zia re-
musi plantatoris patara TeTrkanian vaJs mxiarul isto-
riebs uambobda cxovelebze.

brazilieli monebi
(Jan batist debre, XIX s. dasawyisi)

Tanamedrove meTodebi afro-amerikuli xalxuri gadmo-

cemebis Segrovebisa da komentirebisaTvis SeimuSava elsi
klius parsonsma (Elsie Clews Parsons), romelmac 1917-1943
wlebSi saJurnalo statiebsa da krebulebSi asobiT auTen-
turi teqsti daafiqsira. parsonsi ZiriTadad vestindoeT-
Si, samxreT aRmosavleT sanapirosa da iqve ganlagebul
kunZulebze atarebda savele kvlevas. misi gamocemuli kre-
buli moicavs afro-amerikul xalxur gadmocemebs vestin-
doeTidan.
afro-amerikuli zepirsityvierebis ukve cnobili re-
pertuari gaizarda TviT afro-amerikuli warmoSobis fol-
kloristebis meSveobiT – zora nil harstonisa (Zora Neale
Hurston) da j. m. bruerisa (J. M. Brewer). maT bevri axali
zepiri gadmocema gamoaqveynes, magram maT mainc aklda adek-
vaturi sainformacio monacemebi da SedarebiTi SeniSvnebi.

96
 afro-amerikuli miTologiuri gadmocemebis Sekrebisa
da gamokvlevis saqmeSi gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba aqvs
riCard m. dorsonis naSromebs „Negro Folktales in Michigan“
(1956) da „Negro Tales from Calvin, Michigan and Pine Pluff,
Arkansas“ (1958). miuxedavad imisa, rom dorsoni ZiriTadad
miCiganis CrdiloeTSi krebda masalas, mTxroblebi samxreT-
Si iyvnen dabadebuli da plantaciebSi arsebuli tradici-
ebs CrdiloeTSic atarebdnen. es krebulebi Seicaven sam-
xreTis Statebis afro-amerikelebis zepir gadmocemebs, mi-
Tebs, zRaprebs, anekdotebis msgavs moTxrobebs cxovelebsa
da frinvelebze, Savkanian da TeTrkanian xalxze, briyvebze,
crupentelebze, bibliur Temebze, sulebze, socialur pro-
testebze da sxva.
SesavalSi dorsoni aviTarebs Teorias, rom es zepiri
gadmocemebi amerikis miwaze afrikidan Semovida da kavSiri
hqonda sxvadasxva, gansakuTrebiT ki evropul wyarosTan.
garkveuli teqstebis analizi adasturebs, rom am afro-ame-
rikuli moTxrobebis tipebi evropaSic aris gavrcelebuli,
magaliTad, xalxuri moTxrobebi cxovelebis SiSze adamia-
nis mimarT, romlebic mTel evropaSia gavrcelebuli, afri-
kaSi ki jerjerobiT ar aris dadasturebuli. Tqmuleba
zRvis sirinozze mxolod dorsonis mier Sekrebil afro-
amerikul teqstebSi gvxvdeba da ara afrikaSi. didi raode-
noba irlandiuri anekdotebisa amerikaSi Savkanian mosaxle-
obaSi iseve gavrcelebulia, rogorc TeTrkanian mosaxleo-
baSi.
cvlilebebi afro-amerikul TxrobiT stilSi, rome-
lic samxreTidan CrdiloeTis industriul qalaqebSi gada-
saxlebis Sedegad moxda pirveli msoflio omis Semdeg,
asaxulia qalaqur folklorSi. Seiqmna axali Janrebi, rom-
lebSic riTmebi slengiT aris gawyobili.
Crdilo da samxreT amerikis indielTa folkloruli
siuJetebis Tematika erTmaneTisgan gansxvavebulia, magram
me-20 saukuneSi Sekrebili masalis mixedviT maTi urTier-
Tgavlena sakmaod SesamCnevia zogierT miTologiur motivSi

97
(uxilavi samyaros arseboba, kulturuli gmiris miTosi da
sxva).

kiTxve
iTxvebi
xvebi:
bi
• rodis gamoica pirvelad afro-amerikuli folklo-
ris nimuSebi?
• ra tipis gadmocemebi gvxvdeba yvelaze xSirad bra-
ziliur folklorSi?
• romelma samma faqtorma ganapiroba samxreT ameriku-
li folkloruli tradiciebis sinkretizmi?

dava
davale
valeba
leba:
ba
• waikiTxeT braziliuri gadmocema „aramasa da RvTis-
mSobeli“ da meqsikuri gadmocema „mSieri glexi,
RmerTi da sikvdilis Jami“. romel teqstSi SeimCneva
evropuli folkloris gavlena? daasabuTeT Tqveni
azri.

lite
litera
teratu
ratura
tura:
ra
• braziliuri zRaprebi. k. lorTqifaniZis red. Tbili-
si: „nakaduli“, 1971.
• Dundes, A.: The Study of Folklore. Prentice-Hall, Inc.,
Englewood Cliffs, N.J. 1965.
• Eliade, M.; Couliano, J.: Handbuch der Religionen. Unter
Mitwirkung von H. S. Weiser. Zürich / München, Artemis
& Winkler, 1991. gv. 42-45.

98
 XIII Tavi

afro-amerikelTa rwmena-warmodgenebi

afro-karibuli rwmena-warmodgenebi. afro-

braziliuri rwmena-warmodgenebi. afro-gvianu-
ri rwmena-warmodgenebi. gadmocemebi musika-
luri sakravebis warmoSobis Sesaxeb.

afro-amerikelTa miTologiuri warmodgenebi auTen-

tur afrikul niSnebsac atareben da qristianuli religi-
is gavlenasac ganicdian. calkeuli RvTaebebis saxelebi da
cnebebi kaTolicizmidan aris nasesxebi, Tumca maTi sakul-
to msaxurebebi da ritualebi mainc tradiciul rwmenebs
efuZneba.

afro
afro-
ro-kari
karibu
ribuli
buli rwme
rwmena
mena-
na-warmod
armodge
modgene
genebi
nebi
kubis santeriasa da trinidadis CikagoSi mTavari
RvTaebebi afrikuli warmoSobisaa. RvTaebebTan dakavSirebu-
lia sisxliani msxverpli da transamde misuli cekvebi,
romlebic afrikul saxelebsac atareben da romis kaToli-
kuri eklesiis wmindanebisac, warmoSobiT ki afrikuli
RmerTebi arian. haitis sazogadoebaSi arsebobs vodus
rwmena yovelgvari saxis misnobiT, jados axsniT, Tavisi
saidumloebebiTa da okultizmiT.
winaprebis pativiscemas sxvadasxva sinkretuli kulti
gamoxatavs: iamaikeli ltolvili monebis cekvebi (Kumina,
Convince, Kormanti da sxv.), “big dram” cekva (Big Drum)
grenadisa da kariakus kunZulebze, “keles” cekva (Kele)
santa-lusiaze da sxva. samxreT amerikaSi afrikuli rwmena-
warmodgenebi qristianul elementebs Warbad atareben.
umTavresi religiuri moZraoba iamaikaze – rastafari
(Rastafari) warmoadgens rwmenas qristes aTaswlovani si-

99
cocxlis Sesaxeb. rastafarisTvis damaxasiaTebelia var-
cxnilobis gansakuTrebuli forma (Dreadlock) da regamusi-
ka (Reggae music), romelic metad popularuli gaxda me-20
saukunis 60-70-ian wlebSi bob marlis wyalobiT. rastafa-
ris filosofiasa da musikas bevri mimdevari hyavs dasav-
leT evropasa da afrikaSi.

afro
afro-
ro-brazi
razili
ziliu
liuri rwme
rwmena
mena-
na-warmod
armodge
modgene
genebi
nebi
afro-braziliuri religiuri kultebi daaxloebiT me-
19 saukunis meore naxevridan gavrcelda sxvadasxva warmo-
Sobis xalxebs Soris. afrikuli RvTabebis da eqstazuri
cekvebis gamo maTi rwmena-warmodgenebi auTentur afrikul
niSnebs atareben. Crdilo-aRmosavleTSi religiuri kultis
saxelwodebaa “kandomble” (Candomblé), samxreT-aRmosav-
leTSi _ “makumba” (Macumba), 1925-30 wlebidan ki metad
popularuli gaxda rio de JaneiroSi warmoSobili “um-
banda” (Umbanda). eqstazuri mdgomareobis Semcveli kul-
tmsaxurebebi adre akrZaluli iyo, dRes ki braziliis re-
ligiuri cxovrebis arsebiTi komponentia.

monebis cekva (Jan batist debre, XIX s. dasawyisi)

100
 afro
afro-
ro-gvia
vianuri
nuri rwme
rwmena
mena-
na-warmod
armodge
modgene
genebi
nebi

afro-gvianuri rwmena-warmodgenebi gavrcelebulia su-

rinamSi (yofili holandiuri gviana) sanapiroze mcxovreb-
lebs – kreolebsa da ltolvil monebs Soris. kreolebis
religias sanapiroebze ewodeba “vinti” (winti) an “afkod-
re” (afkodré), romlis saxelwodebac momdinareobs holan-
diuri sityvidan afgoderij – “kerpTayvanismcemloba”. es
rwmenebi Zvel afrikul miTologiur warmodgenebs asaxaven.

gadmo
admoce
moceme
cemebi
mebi musi
musika
sikalu
kaluri
luri sakra
akrave
ravebi
vebis
bis war
warmo
armoSo
moSobi
Sobis
bis
Sesa
Sesaxe
saxeb
xeb

centraluri da samxreT amerikis indielTa religiur

ritualebSi musikas erT-erTi mniSvnelovaini roli eniWe-
boda. musikis TanxlebiT msxverplSewirvis rituali
sruldeboda. mistiur atmosferoSi, romelic Casaberi da
dasartymeli instrumentebis musikiT aris Tanxlebuli, qu-
rumi sisxlian msxverpls swiravda RvTaebas.
afro-amerikel xalxTa Tqmulebebi mniSvnelovan in-
formacias Seicavs musikaluri sakravebis warmoSobisa, ma-
Ti magiuri rolisa da funqciis Sesaxeb. musika warmoad-
gens mediums xilul da uxilav samyaroebs, cocxalTa da
gardacvlilTa, adamianTa da RvTaebaTa Soris. sakulto
ritualebis garda musika ganuyofel kavSirSia uZveles po-
eziasTan.
afro-amerikelTa rwmeniT, musikaluri sakravebis
floba Zalauflebas ukavSirdeba. is, vinc musikalur in-
strumentze dakvris xelovnebas flobs, SeuZlia zegavlena
moaxdinos sxvebze. erT-erTi gadmocemis Tanaxmad, pirvelad
Casaberi sakravebi qalebma ipoves da damales, Semdeg yo-
veldRe midiodnen tyeSi da Cum-Cumad ukravdnen. imis gamo,
rom sakravze dakvra SeeZloT, qalebi mamakacebis mbrZane-
belni gaxdnen. mogvianebiT, mamakacebma motyuebiT waarTves

101
maT instrumentebi da isev daibrunes TavianTi adgili
ojaxSi.

saritualo cekva
(Jan batist debre, XIX s. dasawyisi)

musika gardacvlilTa samyarosTanac akavSirebs adami-

ans. Tqmulebebis mixedviT, micvalebulTa sulebi musikis
taqtze mRerian da cekvaven.

mocekvave qalebi (Jan batist debre, XIX s. dasawyisi)

musikaluri sakravebis warmoSobis Sesaxeb samxreT

amerikis xalxTa folklorSi uamravi gadmocema arsebobs,
romelTagan nawili miTologiuri Sinaarsisa, nawils ki

102
TavSesaqcevi ambis saxe aqvs da msmenelis gasarTobad aris
gamiznuli.

kiTxve
iTxvebi
xvebi:
bi
• waikiTxeT braziliuri gadmocemebi musikalur sakra-
vebze: „ku da kaipora“, „adamiani da ku“, „aru“, Ju-
ruparis sakravebis motaceba“, „Citi kolibri“. ra
mianiSnebs, rom teqstebi ritualuria?
• ra mianiSnebs, rom am teqsts dakarguli aqvs sakra-
luri funqcia?
• gaixseneT magaliTebi musikaluri sakravebis warmo-
Sobis Sesaxeb qarTuli folkloridan an sxva xal-
xTa miTologiidan.

lite
litera
teratu
ratura
tura:
ra

• braziliuri zRaprebi. k. lorTqifaniZis red. Tbili-

si: „nakaduli“, 1971.
• Dundes, A.: The Study of Folklore. Prentice-Hall, Inc.,
Englewood Cliffs, N.J. 1965.
• Леви-Стросc, К.: Первобытное мышление. Москва:
«Республика», 1994.

103
 XIV Tavi

indielTa da afro-amerikelTa zRaprebi

klasifikacia. jadosnuri zRapris struqtu-

ra. funqciaTa ganawileba moqmed pirTa mixed-
viT. indielTa zRaprebisa da evraziis xalxTa
zRaprebis urTierTmimarTeba. miTisa da zRap-
ris ganmasxvavebeli niSnebi.

zRaprebi, romlebic evropelTa gamoCenis Semdeg gav-

rcelda amerikis kontinentze, arafriT gansxvavdeba evro-
puli da aziuri zRaprebisgan, xolo sakuTriv adgilobri-
vi mosaxleobis zRaprebi evropuls ar hgavs. indielTa da
afro-amerikelTa xalxuri gadmocemebi ZiriTadad miTebs,
Tqmulebebsa da cxovelTa eposs warmoadgenen.
me-20 saukunis 60-ian wlebamde amerikis indielTa da
afro-amerikelTa zRaprebis Sesaxeb gavrcelebuli iyo Se-
xeduleba, rom isini evropis xalxTa zRaprebTan SedarebiT
arasrulyofili da uformoa. es Teoria „Tavisufali kom-
poziciis Teoriis“ saxelwodebiT aris cnobili (jozef
jekobsi, franc boasi), romelic dRevandel mecnierebaSi
aRar aris gaziarebuli.
indielTa zRaprebi fundamenturad Seiswavla ameri-
kelma folkloristma da eTnologma alan dandesma. misi
naSromi „Crdiloamerikel indielTa xalxuri zRaprebis
morfologia“ (The Morphology of North American Indian
Folktales) mTlianad efuZneba rusi mecnieris vladimer pro-
pis „zRapris morfologias“, romelic evraziis kontinen-
tis xalxuri zRaprebis struqturis igiveobas aCvenebs.
alan dandesis Teoriis Tanaxmad, indielTa zRaprebis
struqtura evropis xalxTa zRaprebis struqturis msgav-
sia. misi gamokvleviT, amerikis indielTa zRaprebis didi
nawili Sedgeba Semdegi opoziciebisgan:
• wonasworoba (equilibrium) da wonasworobis da-
kargva (disequilibrium);

104
 • akrZalva da akrZalvis darRveva;
• zarali da baraqa.
am opoziciuri epizodebiT amerikis indielTa zRapre-
bi evraziis kontinentis xalxTa zRaprebs uTanabrdeba.
alan dandesma evropuli zRaprebis siuJetebis ameri-
kis indielTa zRaprebTan Sedarebisas aCvena, Tu rogor
gardaiqmneba evropuli zRapari amerikulad siuJetur moq-
medebaTa Tanmimdevrobis mixedviT.
afro-amerikuli zRaprebi safuZvlianad Seiswavla ri-
Card dorsonma. man sxvadasxva eTnikuri da rasobrivi jgu-
febis gamokvlevis Sedegad afro-amerikuli xalxuri gadmo-
cemebis Sesaxeb vrceli naSromi Seqmna. dorsonma calkeuli
mTqmelis Txrobis Tavisebureba, individualoba da stili
ganixila. man gansakuTrebuli Seswavlis sagnad aqcia avto-
biografiuli moTxrobebi, saTavgadasavlo ambebi da isto-
riuli Tqmulebebi, romlebic afro-amerikul folklorSi
specifikur Janrebs qmnian.

zRap
zRapre
aprebi
rebis
bis Sina
Sinaar
naarsob
arsobri
sobrivi
rivi klasi
lasifi
sifika
fikaci
kacia
cia

zRaprebis klasifikacia ori ZiriTadi principiT xde-

ba: SinaarsobriviT da struqturuliT.
Sinaarsis mixedviT zRaprebi pirobiTad ramdenime Te-
matur jgufad iyofa. amgvari klasifikacia me-20 saukunis
damdegs daiwyo v. vundtisa da a. aarnes mier, rac Semdgom
srulyves da Seavses s. Tompsonma da h.-i. uTerma.
• cxovelTa zRaprebi, romlebSic Sedis zRaprebi
Sinaur da gareul cxovelebze, adamianisa da
cxovelis urTierTobaze, frinvelebze, Tevzebze
da sxv.;
• jadosnuri zRaprebi, romlebSic Sedis zRapre-
bi zebunebriv mowinaaRmdegeze, mojadoebul me-
uRleze, magiur sagnebze, zebunebriv Semweze,
zebunebriv Zalasa da codnaze da sxv.;
• religiuri zRaprebi;

105
 • zRaprebi siyvarulze;
• sayofacxovrebo anu novelisturi zRaprebi;
• anekdotebi;
• formulebze agebuli zRaprebi.

zRap
zRapre
aprebi
rebis
bis struq
struqtu
uqturu
turuli
ruli klasi
lasifi
sifika
fikaci
kacia
cia

zRaparTa klasifikacia struqturis mixedviT rus

mecniers, vladimer props ekuTvnis. misi 1928 wels gamo-
cemuli wigni „zRapris morfologia“ dRemde aqtualuri
meTodologiuri saxelmZRvaneloa amerikis, evropisa da
aziis qveynebis mecnierebisaTvis.
„jadosnuri zRapari“ pirobiTi terminia. am terminiT
gansazRvrulia xalxuri moTxrobis iseTi tipi, romlis
siuJetic zianis miyenebiT an uqonlobiT iwyeba da mTav-
rdeba qorwinebiT, gamefebiT an sxva kvanZis gamxsneli epi-
zodiT. saboloo funqciebia dajildoeba, raimes Sovna,
devnisTvis Tavis daRweva an zogadad ubedurebis likvida-
cia.
siuJetis amgvar ganviTarebas v. propi „svlas“ uwo-
debs. yoveli axali vnebis an zianis miyeneba zRaparSi, yo-
veli axali uqonloba axal svlas qmnis. erT zRapars SeiZ-
leba ramdenime svla hqondes.
v. propma zRapris moqmedi pirebisa da maTi funqciebis
maqsimaluri raodenoba daadgina: zRaparSi personaJTa rao-
denoba ar aRemateba Svids, xolo funqciaTa raodenoba oc-
daTerTmets. moqmed pirTa funqciebi zRaparSi Semdegnairad
nawildeba:
antagonistis moqmedebaTa wre: 1) zianis miyeneba, 2)
omi an gmirTan brZolis sxva formebi, 3) devna.
mCuqeblis moqmedebaTa wre: 1) jadosnuri saSualebis
gadacemisTvis Semzadeba, 2) gmiris momarageba jadosnuri
saSualebiT.
Semwis moqmedebaTa wre: 1) gmiris sivrcobrivi gadaad-
gileba, 2) ubedurebis an uqonlobis likvidacia, 3) dev-

106
nisgan gadarCena, 4) rTuli davalebis Sesruleba, 5) gmi-
ris transformacia.
saZebari personaJis (xSirad mefis asuli) moqmedebaTa
wre: 1) Zneli davalebis micema, 2) niSnis dadeba, 3) crug-
miris mxileba, 4) gmiris gamocnoba, 5) crugmiris an anta-
gonistis dasja, 6) qorwili.
gamgzavnis moqmedebaTa wre: 1) gmiris gagzavna.
gmiris moqmedebaTa wre: 1) saZebrad wasvla, 2) mCuqeb-
lis moTxovnaze reaqcia (dadebiTi), 3) qorwili.
crugmiris moqmedebaTa wre: 1) saZebrad wasvla, 2)
mCuqeblis moTxovnaze reaqcia (uaryofiTi).

miTi
miTisa
Tisa da zRap
zRapri
apris
ris gan
ganmas
anmasxva
masxvave
xvavebe
vebeli
beli niSne
iSnebi
nebi

gansxvaveba miTosur da zRaprul monaTxrobs Soris

sxvadasxvagvari saxiT vlindeba – rogorc SinaarsSi, ise
teqstis struqturul agebulebaSi.
qvemoT mocemul cxrilSi warmodgenilia miTisa da
zRapris Sinaarsobrivad ganmasxvavebeli niSnebi, romelic e.
meletinskim daadgina.

miTi zRapari
1. ritualuroba 1. araritualuroba
2. sakraluroba 2. arasakraluroba
3. sarwmunoeba 3. arasarwmunoeba
4. eTnografiuli konkretuloba 4. pirobiT-poeturoba
5. miTosuri gmiri 5. aramiTosuri gmiri
6. miTosuri (winareistoriuli) 6. zRapruli (istoriis gareSe
dro moqmedebisa mdgari) dro
7. etiologizmis arseboba 7. etiologizmi ar arsebobs
8. koleqtiuroba 8. individualizireba

gansxvavebulia miTisa da zRapris struqturebic. teq-

stebi, romlebsac v. propis SvidpersonaJiani sqema esadage-
ba, zRapris Janrs ganekuTvnebian. SesaZloa miTsac hqondes
amgvari struqtura. aseT SemTxvevaSi Janris gansazRvra Si-
naarsis mixedviT moxdeba. rogorc wesi, zRapris struqtu-

107
raze agebul miTs ukve dakarguli aqvs Tavisi sakraluri
funqcia. sawinaaRmdego SemTxveva, rom zRapars miTis
struqtura hqondes, ar arsebobs. Tu teqsti tragikulad
mTavrdeba, is zRapari ar aris.
zRapris struqtura aqvs braziliur gadmocemas saRa-
mos varskvlavis, taina-kanis Sesaxeb, magram Sinaarsobrivad
is miTs warmoadgens. ganvixiloT detalurad:

1) teqstis dasawyisi, romelSic dakonkretebulia

dro da personaJTa saxelebi, ukve mianiSnebs, rom miTolo-
giur siuJetTan gvaqvs saqme:

„im dros, roca karaJas tomis xalxma jer kidev ar icoda

miwis moxvna, simindis, maniokis da ananasis moyvana, mxolod
tyis nayofiT, sxvadasxva frinvelebis xorciTa da TevziT ikve-
bebodnen, cxovrobda qveynad ori da. ufross imaero erqva, um-
cross – denake.”

2) siuJetis ganviTareba iwyeba gmiris surviliT, rom

caze akiafebuli varskvlavi mas ekuTvnodes. amgvari dasaw-
yisi miTisTvisac da zRaprisTvisac damaxasiaTebelia:

„erTxel, gvian saRamos imaerom varskvlavebiT moWedil cas

axeda da did varskvlavs taina-kans Soridan miesiyvarula. es
varskvlavi iseT naz, oqrosfer Suqs gamoscemda, rom gogonam
Tavi veRar Seikava da Tqva:
- Sexede, mami, ra lamazi varskvlavia!.. netavi aq momca, vi-
TamaSebdio.
mamas gaecina Svilis axirebul survilze da uTxra:
- is varskvlavi ise Sorsaa, veravin miswvdebao, - mere ki
dasZina: - taina-kanma Seni sityvebi rom gaigonos, TviTon mova
Tavis fexiTo.”

3) gadmocemaSi moTxrobilia zebunebrivi qorwinebis

Sesaxeb – varskvlavsa da mokvdavs Soris. motivi, romel-
Sic naambobia, rom Seuxedav saqmroze gaTxoveba ufros qa-

108
liSvils ar unda da mis nacvlad umcrosi da mihyveba, gav-
rcelebuli motivia msoflios xalxTa zRaprebSi:

„marTlac, SuaRamisas yvelas rom eZina, gogonam igrZno,

rogor miuaxlovda viRaca da gverdiT miuwva. qali SeSinda da
hkiTxa:
- vina xar, Cemgan ra gindao?
- me taina-kani var, saRamos varskvlavi. gavigone, rogor
mixmobdi da movedi, colad ar gamogyvebio?
imaerom cecxli gaaRviva da Sinaurebi gaaRviZa. Sexedes ta-
ina-kans da gaocdnen: maT win saxedanaoWebuli, TeTrwvera, mix-
rwnili moxuci idga. moxucs bambasaviT TeTri Tma da wveri
hqonda.
imaero cecxlis Suqze daakvirda mosuls da uTxra:
- ver gamogyvebi colad. Sen beberi da gonji xar, me ki
lamazi da Ronieri saqmro mindao.
daRonda taina-kani da atirda. maSin denakes, keTili da sa-
TuTi gulis gogonas, Seebrala moxuci da daamSvida. mamas ki
uTxra:
- am moxucs colad me gavyvebio.”

4) sazRapro motivs mohyveba miTosuri motivi, ro-

melSic zebunebrivi meuRle kulturuli gmiris Tvisebebs
avlens – moipovebs marcvleuls da miwas amuSavebs, tyes
Cexavs da sayaned amzadebs:

„qorwilis Semdeg taina-kanma denakes uTxra:

- Seni Senaxva rom ar gamiWirdes, unda vimuSao. gavwmindav am mi-
was da iseT marcvleuls davTesav, romlis msgavsi karaJas toms ara-
sodes unaxavso.
taina-kani wavida did mdinareze bera-kanze (ase ewodeboda maSin
araguaias), raRac sityviT mimarTa, mere Sig Sevida da gailaja. mdina-
rem mis lajebSua iwyo dineba. moxuci drodadro ixreboda, wyalSi
orive xels hyofda da muWa-muWa amohqonda dinebisgan motanili mar-
cvleuli.
ase aCuqa mdinarem mas ori sawyao simindi, ori muWa manioki da
sxva marcvleuli, romelsac karaJas tomi axlac Tesavs.“

5) miTologiur motivs kvlav mosdevs sazRapro moti-

vi akrZalvis Sesaxeb:
109
 „mdinaridan rom dabrunda, taina-kanma cols uTxra:
- waval, tyes gavCexav da sayane miwas movamzadeb. Sen aramc
da aramc ar gamomyve da ar miyuro. Sin darCi da saWmeli momim-
zade. samuSaodan mSieri da daRlil-daqanculi rom davbrundebi,
damapure da momiareo.
wavida taina-kani, magram Zalian Seugvianda Sin dabruneba.
denakes SeeSinda, daRlili sadme xom ar daecao. aba, raRa daaZi-
nebda.”

6) zRaparSi akrZalvis darRvevas gmiris dasja mos-

devs, magram radgan es teqsti miTologiuri Sinaarsisaa,
moqmedebac sxvagvarad viTardeba:

„Tumca qmarma aukrZala, aramc da aramc ar wamoxvideo, ma-

inc adga da mis saZebrad wavida. wavida da, hoi! – ra sixaru-
lis elda eca:
axlad mosufTavebul mindorze daCaCanakebuli moxucis
nacvlad maRali, warmosadegi garegnobis vaJkaci ixila. vaJs ta-
ni sul moxatuli hqonda da iseTi samkaulebi ekeTa, romlis
msgavsi karaJas tomidan winaT aravis enaxa, axla ki TiTqmis yve-
la axalgazrda atarebs. qalma metismeti sixarulisgan Tavi ve-
Rar Seikava, miirbina masTan da gadaexvia. Semdeg taina-kani Sin
waiyvana, rom mSoblebisTvis eCvenebina. roca ufrosma dam – imae-
rom taina-kani dainaxa, inana, es ra vqenio. umcrosi dis bedi Se-
Surda da ymawvils uTxra:
- Sen magisi ki ara, Cemi qmari xar. Sen xom CemTan moxvedi
da ara denakesTano.
magram taina-kanma upasuxa:
- denake keTili gulis gamodga, Semibrala moxuci da co-
lad gamomyva, Sen ki amiTvalwune. axla aRar mindixar, mxolod
denakea Cemi megobrobis Rirsio.”

7) am miTologiuri gadmocemas zRapris msgavsi dasas-

ruli aqvs – dadebiTi personaJi bednierad agrZelebs
cxovrebas, uaryofiTi ki isjeba, Tumca gansxvaveba zRapri-
sa da miTis dasasruls Soris mkafioa – miTologiuri

110
gadmocema etiologiur axsnas gvTavazobs, rac zRaprisaT-
vis ar aris damaxasiaTebeli:

„SuriTa da braziT aRvsilma imaerom erTi iyvira, miwaze

daenarcxa da iqve gaqra. im adgilas ki, sadac imaero daenarcxa,
Savi frinveli gaCnda. es frinveli ise naRvlianad da gulisgam-
gmiravad kivis xolme, rom gamvlel-gamomvleli SiSiT kankalebs.
karaJas tomis xalxma ase iswavla Ramis varskvlav taina-
kanisagan simindisa da maniokis moyvana, ananasis moSeneba da kidev
bevri sxva marcvleulis Tesva.”

amgvarad, braziliuri gadmocema „taina-kani, saRamos

varskvlavi“ miTologiuri Sinaarsisaa. masSi
• dakonkretebulia moqmedebis adgili (mdinare
arauguaias sanapiro), dro („roca karaJas to-
mis xalxma jer kidev ar icoda miwis moxvna...”)
da personaJTa saxelebi (imaero, denake, taina-
kani).
• mocemulia etiologia („im adgilas ki, sadac
imaero daenarcxa, Savi frinveli gaCnda...”).
• moqmedebs kulturuli gmiri, romelic karaJas
tomSi miwaTmoqmedebas udebs saTaves (simindisa
da maniokis moyvana, ananasis moSeneba da mar-
cvleulis Tesva).
es arsebiTi niSnebi metyvelebs teqstis sakraluroba-
sa da ritualurobaze. „taina-kani, saRamos varskvlavi“
warmoadgens miTs, romelic zRapris struqturaze aris
agebuli. msgavsi SemTxveva tipobrivia rogorc amerikis
xalxTa folklorSi, ise msoflios xalxTa zepir tradi-
ciebSi.

kiTxve
iTxvebi
xvebi:
bi
• rogoria zRapris struqtura v. propis mixedviT?
• riTi gansxvavdebian miTi da zRapari erTmaneTisgan?

111
dava
davale
valeba
leba:
ba

• waikiTxeT meqsikuri zRapari „sami Zma da bayayi“ da

gaakeTeT misi struqturuli analizi (nimuSi ix. da-
matebaSi: „zRapris analizi v. propis sqemis mixed-
viT“).
• waikiTxeT CrdiloeTis indielTa gadmocema “quxili
da misi siZe” da e. meletinskis sqemis mixedviT da-
adgineT, miTia Tu zRapari.

lite
litera
teratu
ratura
tura:
ra

• braziliuri zRaprebi. k. lorTqifaniZis red. Tbili-

si: „nakaduli“, 1971.
• indielTa zRaprebi. m. zubadalaSvilis red. Tbilisi:
„nakaduli“, 1976.
• propi, v.: zRapris morfologia. Tbilisi: „mecniere-
ba“, 1983.
• Мелетинский, Э. М.: Mиф и сказка. В книге «Фольклор
и этнография», Москва 1970, gv. 132-148.

112
 XV Tavi

miTebi Tanamedrove sazogadoebaSi

„amerikuli ocneba“. holivudi. eman-

sipirebuli gmirebi.

„ame
„ameri
meriku
rikuli
kuli ocne
ocneba
neba“
ba“

„amerikuli ocneba“ (American Dream) Tanamedrove sa-

zogadoebaSi arsebuli miTia, romelsac miTisTvis damaxasi-
aTebeli umTavresi niSani aqvs – rwmena mis namdvilobaSi.
„amerikuli ocneba“, erTi mxriv amerikul sazogadoe-
baSi damkvidrebul rwmenas gamoxatavs _ TiToeul adamians
SromiTa da sakuTari SesaZleblobebiT cxovrebis gaumjo-
beseba da warmatebis miRweva SeuZlia. meore mxriv, „ameri-
kuli ocneba“ asaxavs sxva qveynis moqalaqeebis warmodge-
nebs amerikaze.
me-18 saukunidan moyolebuli ramdenime milioni adami-
ani Cavida am kontinentze sxvadasxva mizniT, maT Soris
isinic, vinc sakuTar qveyanaSi religiuri an politikuri
msoflmxedvelobis niSniT idevnebodnen, amerikis nawili
xdebodnen.
me-20 saukunis pirvel naxevarSi amerikis SeerTebuli
Statebis ekonomikuri aRmavloba uamravi imigrantis Cas-
vlis safuZvlad iqca.
amerikis SeerTebul StatebSi mcxovreb sxvadasxva eT-
nikuri jgufis warmomadgenlebs sxvadasxva Sexeduleba
hqondaT „amerikul ocnebaze“. magaliTad, afro-amerikele-
bis ocneba upirveles yovlisa adamianis uflebebis mopove-
ba iyo.

holi
holivu
livudi
vudi

amerikuli Rirebulebebi – Tavisufleba, adamianis uf-

lebaTa dacva, liberalizmi, demokratia, keTilsindisie-

113
rad Sroma, konkurencia da warmateba – yvelaze xSirad ga-
moyenebuli ideologiuri konceptebia amerikul kultura-
Si.
gansakuTrebiT TvalsaCinod es holivudis produqcia-
Si Cans. filmebis umravlesobis bednieri dasasruli nawi-
lobriv „amerikuli ocnebis“ principebidan momdinareobs,
nawilobriv ki xalxuri Txrobis tradiciebidan. nebismieri
siuJeti, romelic problemis gadaWraze da warmatebis miR-
wevazea agebuli, zRapris tradiciul sqemas eyrdnoba.
amerikis xalxTa miTologiis kvlevisas riCard dor-
soni xSirad aRniSnavda msgavsebas zepir TxrobiT tradici-
ebsa da masmedias Soris. sxva mecnierebic svamdnen sakiTxs
miTebisa da masobrivi komunikaciebis kavSirze, magaliTad,
rafael patai werda analogiebze heraklesa da miki-mauss,
Tezevssa da jeims bonds Soris.
sanaxaobrivi Janris (Action) filmisTvis damaxasiaTe-
belia, rom mis scenars safuZvlad udevs iseTi motivebi
da motivTa jgufebi, romlebic zepiri gadmocemis motive-
badac gvxvdeba msoflios sxvadasxva xalxTa folklorSi.
am Janris filmebSi warmodgenili magiuri Zalebi da sagne-
bi, saswaulebi, jadoqrebi da a. S., zRaparTan arian dakav-
Sirebuli. zRapruli motivebi SeiZleba gamoCndes rogorc
Tanamedrove yofaSi, ise egzotikur garemoSi.

eman
emansi
ansipi
sipire
pirebu
rebuli
buli gmire
mirebi
rebi

„amerikuli ocnebis“ Tanaxmad, amerika ocnebebis axde-

nis qveyanaa. magaliTisTvis SeiZleba gavixsenoT gari marSa-
lis filmi „mSvenieri qali“ (originaluri saTauri: Pretty
Woman) julia robertsisa da riCard giris monawileo-
biT, romelic evropul xalxur zRapar `konkiasa” da ber-
nard Sous piesa `pigmalionis” siuJetTa sinTezia. filmis
prologi da epilogi – quCaSi moxetiale Savkanianis sit-
yvebi, rom holivudSi yvela ocneba xdeba – filmis mTavar
ideas gamoxatavs.

114
 „mSvenieri qali“, 1990

metad mniSvnelovani Strixi holivudis filmebisa

aris emansipirebuli adamiani. es exeba rogorc mxatvrul,
ise naxat filmebs.
uolt disneis naxati filmi „fifqia da Svidi juja“
(originaluri saTauri: Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs),
romelic amerikis kinoinstitutis (American Film Institute)
mier yvela drois 100 saukeTeso filmis CamonaTvalSi
aris Sesuli, pirveli srul-metraJiani filmia animaciuri
filmebis istoriaSi.

115
 „fifqia da Svidi juja“, 1937

disneis filmebSi zRaprebi interpretirebulia senti-

mentaluri sasiyvarulo romanisa da imavdroulad satiru-
li stiliT da gamokveTilia erTi da igive Tema – kon-
fliqti axalgazrda da ufros qalebs Soris.
disneis naxati filmebis gmirebi fifqia, konkia (ori-
ginaluri saTauri: Cinderella), mZinare mzeTunaxavi (origi-
naluri saTauri: Sleeping Beauty), samive _ dedinacvlisa
da boroti jadoqris devnas ganicdis. am konfliqtSi dro-
ulad Cndeba mxsneli ufliswuli, romelsac moTminebiT
elis mTavari gmiri.
imis miuxedavad, rom samive zRapris personaJi – fif-
qiac, konkiac da mZinare mzeTunaxavic saTno da keTilSobi-
li gogonebi arian, sakmaod aqtiur winaaRmdegobas uweven
borotebas. garda amisa, sakuTar nebasac aSkarad gamoxata-
ven - fifqia Tavis megobar jujebs Tavad mfarvelobs da
ara piriqiT; konkia ar emorCileba dedinacvalsa da debs;
mZinare mzeTunaxavs ki ar unda mamis mier arCeuli saqmro.

116
 „mZinare mzeTunaxavi“, 1959.

gmiris emansipacia kidev ufro Sors midis holivudis

zRaprebis mogviano ekranizaciebSi. maikl konis filmi
“fifqia” (originaluri saTauri: Snow White in the Black
Forest) monika kinasa da sigurni uiveris monawileobiT sa-
SinelebaTa Janrs ganekuTvneba.
moqmedeba istoriul epoqaSi xdeba, jujebi Secvlilia
katorRelebiT, romlebic TavSesafars aZleven fifqias.
filmis bolos fifqias ufliswuli ki ar gadaarCens, ara-
med is Tavad ebrZvis dedinacvals da amarcxebs.
emansipirebul qals, romelic pirispir brZolaSi uf-
liswulis gamoCenamde amarcxebs mters – vxvdebiT endi
tenantis filmSi “Ever After” driu berimoris monawileo-
biT. garda mtkice xasiaTisa, konkias fizikuri aRnagobac
Zlieri aqvs da sakuTari uflebebisTvis bolomde ibrZvis.
kidev erTi saintereso aqcenti holivudis sanaxaobri-
vi Janris filmebSi gmiris garegnobaze keTdeba. dadebiTi
gmiri kinematografiaSi tradiciulad simpatiurad gamoisa-
xeboda, bolo wlebSi ki sxva esTetika damkvidrda – ga-
regnobas mniSvneloba ara aqvs, dadebiTi gmiri SeiZleba
monstrsac ki hgavdes, rogorc, magaliTad, adamiani-oboba
sem reimis filmSi (originaluri saTauri: Spider-Man,
2002) tobi magiris monawileobiT.

117
 „fifqia“, 1997 „konkia“, 1998

rob minkofis sabavSvo filmi “stiuart litli”

(originaluri saTauri: Stuart Little) amerikeli mwerlis e.
b. uaitis nawarmoebis mixedviT aris gadaRebuli. mTavari
gmiri aris Tagvi saxelad stuarti (axmovanebs msaxiobi ma-
ikl foqsi), romelic amerikuli ojaxis srulfasovani
wevri xdeba.
Tagv stiuarts litlebis ojaxi sabavSvo saxlidan
wamoiyvans da iSvilebs. stuarts ojaxSi mSoblebis garda
Zma da sxva Sinauri cxovelebi xvdebian, romlebsac is Ta-
vidan ar moswonT, magram filmis bolos stuarti maT siy-
varulsa da pativiscemas moipovebs. „ra mniSvneloba aqvs,
vin rogor gamoviyurebiT da ra warmoSobis varT, - ambobs
stuarti filmis bolo monologSi, - Cven xom erT ojaxs
vekuTvniT!”

„stiuart litli“, 1999

118
 calke ganxilvis sagani SeiZleba iyos filmebi miTo-
logiuri siuJetebiT (filmebi drakonebze, goliaTebze, fe-
riebze da a. S.). aq sakuTriv amerikis xalxTa miTologiaze
ki ar aris agebuli scenari, aramed evraziuli sivrcidan
momdinare miTebsa da miTosur personaJebze.
filmebisa da miTebis urTierTmimarTebis sakiTxi bev-
rad Rrmaa, vidre erTi SexedviT SeiZleba Candes. zRaprebi
da miTebi holivudis filmebSi mxolod nasesxebi siuJete-
bi ar aris. maTi holivuduri interpretacia amerikuli
kulturis erT-erTi Zireuli Semadgeneli nawilia.
miTi, miTosuri elementi Tu miTosuri gmiri – yvela
maTgani gvxvdeba zRaparSi, magram ara sakraluri funqciiT,
aramed ise, Tu rogor moiTxovs amas zRapris siuJeti.
zRapari, Tavis mxriv, SesaZloa Tavad iyos gamoyenebuli
kinofilmis scenarSi rogorc motivTa kompleqsiT, ise
mTliani struqturiT. aseT SemTxvevaSi, ra Tqma unda, arc
zRaparSi gamoyenebuli miTi aRar aris miTi Tavisi Tavda-
pirveli mniSvnelobiT da arc scenarad gadakeTebuli zRa-
pari aRar aris xalxuri TxrobiTi Janri. am sami gansxvave-
buli fenomenis – miTis, zRaprisa da kinofilmis urTier-
TkavSiri maTi socialuri funqciis mixedviT ganisazRvreba.
holivudur films, romelic „Happy End“ princips
efuZneba, zRaprisgan aRebuli aqvs gasarTobi funqcia, mi-
Tisgan ki sazogadoebaze zemoqmedebis unari. garda amisa,
holivudi TviTon adgens sakuTar miTologias sxvadasxva
aqtivobiT: “oskaris” dajildoebis ceremoniali, varskvlav-
Ta dabadeba da cxovreba (TavisTavad “varskvlavi” – sayva-
reli msaxiobisTvis Serqmeuli saxeli – astraluri panTe-
onis asociacias qmnis, xolo misi cxovreba Tayvanismcemle-
biTurT – miTologiuri gmirisas).
masobriv sanaxaobaze da komerciul warmatebaze ori-
entirebul holivudSi erTmaneTs harmoniulad erwymis mi-
Tosur-zRapruli gaformeba da pragmatuli principebi. ho-
livudi miTos-Semoqmedebis Tanamedrove amerikuli versiaa.

119
dava
davale
valeba
leba:
ba
• moawyveT diskusia Temaze `miTebi Tanamedrove sazo-
gadoebaSi”.
• ganixileT sxva mxatvruli filmebi, romlebic, Tqve-
ni azriT, miTologemebs Seicaven.

lite
litera
teratu
ratura
tura:
ra
• zaqariaZe, a.: mxatvruli simbolos bunebisaTvis. Tbi-
lisi: “lega”, 2009.
• Dundes, A.: The Study of Folklore. Prentice-Hall, Inc.,
Englewood Cliffs, N. J. 1965.

120
 danarTi

teqstebi

legen
legenda
genda sinaT
sinaTle
naTleze
leze
brazilia

erTxel kanan-siue mTeli dRis muSaobiT daRlili hamakSi

iwva da isvenebda. RmerTebic xom adamianebiviT iRlebian. kanan-
siues yoveldRe uamravi saqme hqonda: qveyana Seqmna da mas mere
yoveldRe raRacas aumjobesebda, srulyofils xdida: xan mdina-
reTa napirebs aTanasworebda, xanac xeTa foTlebs Wrida. hoda,
daiRala.
kanan-siue iwva hamakSi. irgvliv bneloda, radgan maSin si-
naTle jer kidev ar iyo. uceb mis sanaxavad sidedri movida.
sibneleSi veraferi gaarCia, ku otonis bakans wamohkra fexi da
magrad daSavda. gabrazda sidedri da kanan-siues waeCxuba:
- kanan-siue, Sen amqveynad yvelaferi Seqmeni: mdinareebi,
vel-mindvrebi, bee rokanis napirebi, arares cecxlisferi frTe-
bi, xeebi, Tevzebi da mxecebi, sinaTlis Seqmna ki dagaviwyda. xom
xedav, ukve moxuci var da veRar davdivar, waramara viqcevi. ka-
nan-siue, radac ar unda dagijdes, sinaTlec unda Seqmnao.
kanan-siue meore dRes adre adga da sinaTlis saZebnelad
gaemgzavra.
bevri iara Tu cota, gavida erT velze, sadac mdinaris
wylis sasmelad mxecebi ikribebodnen. kanan-siue tapirad iqca,
SeumCnevlad rom esunTqa, pirSi embaubas xis mili Caido da Tavi
moimkvdaruna.
mofrindnen qinqlebi da hkiTxes:
- tapiro, mokvdio?
raxan tapirma xma ar amoiRo, moiTaTbires:
- modiT, SevWamoTo!
- ara! – Tqva qinqlebis winamZRolma, vidre buzebi mofrin-
debian, movicadoTo.
mofrindnen buzebi. erTma ikiTxa:
- tapiro, mokvdio?
amasobaSi sxvebma moiTaTbires:
- modiT, SevWamoTo!

121
 - ara, urubus davelodoTo!
motlaSundnen urubuebi.
- tapiro, mokvdio? – SeekiTxnen.
- ra iqneba, rom SevWamoTo? – Tqva erTma.
- arao! – wamoiZaxa meorem, - davelodoT, sanam Cveni mefe
urubu mofrindebao.
mofrinda mefe urubu. daeSva miwaze, daakvirda tapirad
qceul kanan-siues da Tqva:
- raRa Tqma unda, momkvdara. modiT, SevWamoTo!
mefe urubu kanan-siues mucelze daajda. kanan-siuec swo-
red amas eloda da xeli staca. maSin urubus sxeuli bumbuliT
ki ara, karaJas tomis adamianebiviT TmebiT hqonda dafaruli. ka-
nan-siuem urubus daxrCoba daupira.
- sinaTles Tu ar momcem, axlave mogklavo!
- nu momklav, kanan-siue, me sinaTle ara maqvso! – Seevedra
mefe urubu.
- an sinaTles momcem, an dagaxrCobo.
mefe urubu mixvda, saxumarod ara maqvs saqmeo, mkerdidan
Tmebi gadaiwia da ciskris varskvlavi taina-kani gamouSva. taina-
kanma frTebi Seisxa da cis saZebrad gaemarTa. maSin kanan-siuem
mSvildi mozida, isarma gaiSxuila, taina-kanis Sig fexebSi mox-
vda da Ramis cas miaWeda. magram kanan-siue ukmayofilo darCa:
- es is araa, me rom minda, cota Suqi aqvso.
- ki, magram meti rom ara maqvs, ra vqnao, - amoikvnesa mefe
urubum.
- gaqvs, rogor ara gaqvs. Tu ar mogicia, suls amogxdio, -
dasZaxa kanan-siuem.
sasowarkveTilma mefe urubum amoixvneSa, mkerdze mbrwyina-
vi Tmebi gadaiwia da mTvare rendo gamouSva. mTvare maSinve cis
kamaris saZebnelad gaeSura.
kanan-siuem kvlav mozida mSvildi, styorcna isari da mTva-
re cas miaWeda. magram arc axla darCa kmayofili.
- me sul sxva sinaTle minda. es ori sinaTle Ramisa iqne-
ba, me ki dRisas daveZebo, - da, rac Zali da Rone hqonda, kiser-
Si xeli wauWira mefe urubus.
- kanan-siue, aseTi sinaTle ar maqvso, – kvnesoda urubu,
Tan mkerdze Tmebs iwevda. maSin brwyinvale da brdRviala mze
gamocurda misi mkerdidan da TandaTan maRla-maRla iwyo svla.
kanan-siuem styorcna isari da mze dRis kedelze miaWeda.

122
 mas Semdeg samyaro savsea sinaTliT.
mzis madliT indiels brinjaosferi daedo. xili oqros-
frad mwifs da yvavilebi mkveTri saRebavebiT iwoneben Tavs. mdi-
nareebSi wyali mzis sxivebze aTasfrad irekleba da kanan-siues
sidedric aRar emdureba.
ai, rogor gaCnda qveynad sinaTle.

ori TuTi
TuTiyu
TiyuSi
yuSi
brazilia

erTxel mze sanadirod gaemgzavra da gzaSi frinvelis bu-

des waawyda. budeSi ori patara TuTiyuSi ijda. mzem bartyebi
budidan amosxa da gasazrdelad Sin waiyvana. erTi ufro Wreli
da lamazi TuTiyuSi TavisTvis daitova, meore ki mTvares aCuqa.
megobrebi erTad zrdidnen frinvelebs. nadirobidan rom dabrun-
debodnen, xelze daisvamdnen da laparaks aswavlidnen.
erTxel mze da mTvare sanadirod rom iyvnen wasuli, erTma
TuTiyuSma meores uTxra:
- Zalian mecodeba mze. sul miwazea. dabrundeba Tu ara, na-
dirobidan, daRlilic rom iyos, mainc sadils gvimzadebs. modi,
Cvenc davexmaroTo.
TuTiyuSebi maSinve qalebad iqcnen da sadilis mzadebas Se-
udgnen. vidre erTi saqmianobda, meore karTan idga da gareT iyu-
reboda, mze da mTvare xom ar modiano. mze da mTvares jer ki-
dev Soridan moesmaT filTaqvis xma. TiTqos viRac xorbals na-
yavda. Sevidnen saxlSi da ras xedaven: sadili mzad aris, TuTi-
yuSebi ki isev TavianT qandaraze sxedan. mzem da mTvarem moaTva-
lieres iqauroba da miwaze adamianis nafexurebi SeamCnies. Zali-
an ki SeSindnen, radgan nafexurebi mxolod oTaxSi trialebda,
gareT ki araferi emCneoda. viRaca ise Sesuliyo SigniT, kvalic
ar daetovebina.
meore dResac igive ambavi ganmeorda da ase gagrZelda kar-
ga xans. erTxel mzem Tavis megobars uTxra:
- modi, saxlis axlos buCqebSi davimaloT da, rogorc ki
filTaqvis xmas gavigebT, sxvadasxva karidan SevcvivdeTo.

123
 asec moiqcnen: daimalnen da daiwyes lodini. saxlidan jer
saubari da kiskisi moisma, mere TandaTan filTaqvac axmaurda.
mzesa da mTvares wami ar dauyovnebiaT, sxvadasxva karidan Sec-
vivdnen saxlSi. qalebma ver moaswres bumbulis samosis gadacma,
qvasanayi xelidan gauvardaT, Tavebi daxares da erTmaneTis gver-
diT dasxdnen miwaze. oriveni saocrad lamazebi iyvnen: naTeli
pirisaxis kani da funCula loyebi hqondaT. giSris Tmebi koWe-
bamde swvdebodaT. mTvares undoda maTTan misvla, magram mzem
gza gadauRoba da erT-erT qals hkiTxa:
- sadils Tqven gvimzadebdiTo?
qalma gadaikiskisa:
- SegvecodeT, nadirobidan daRlil-daqanculebi brundebo-
diT da saxlSic uamravi saqme gxvdebodaT, amitom xandaxan ada-
mianebad viqceodiT, rom sadili mainc dagvemzadebinao.
maSin mzem qalebs uTxra:
- dReidan samudamod adamianebad darCebiTo.
- Tu asea, sacoled amogvirCieT, romeli romels gindivar-
To.
- me Sen mindixaro, - uTxra mzem pirvel qals.
- me ki Seno, - da mTvarem meore qali arCia.
didi qorwili gadaixades da dRemde bednierad cxovroben.

rogo
rogor
gor ggaC
aCnda
aCnda mze da mTva
mTvare
vare
brazilia

guaraios winapars – abaangis – ori vaJi hyavda. styorcna

erTma Zmam caSi isari da cis kamaraSi gaWeda. styorcna meore-
mac isari da Zmis nasroli isris gaswvriv gaarWo. mere Zmebma
erTad styorcnes isrebi da ise moxerxebulad, rom pirvelad
nasrol isrebs moaxvedres.
manamde ar SeuwyvetiaT Zmebs srola, vidre cidan dedamiwa-
ze isrebis grZeli jaWvi ar Camoekida. am jaWvze acocdnen Zmebi
da caze avidnen. iq ki isini mzed da mTvared gadaiqcnen.

124
 rogo
rogor
gor gaC
gaCnda
aCnda Rame
Rame
cecxlovani miwa

qveyana axlad rom gaCnda, ar Ramdeboda da maues tomis in-

dielebi arasodes iZinebdnen.
uaniamma gaigo, rom Rame hqoniaT surukukus da mis naTesa-
obas: Jarakakas, obobas, moriels da asfexas. uaniamma Tavis to-
melebs uTxra:
- waval, Rames TqvenTvisac movipovebo.
aiRo mSvild-isari da gaudga gzas.
surukukus ewvia Tavis qoxSi da SesTavaza:
- Rames mSvild-isarSi ar gamicvlio?
- rad minda, Svilo, Seni mSvild-isari, xelebi ara maqvso,
- upasuxa surukukum.
ras izamda, wavida uaniami surukukusaTvis sxva ramis sa-
Sovnelad. ipova JRaruna da axla is miutana:
- ar ginda? gaCuqeb JRarunas. Sen, samagierod, Seecade ada-
mianebs Rame hqondeTo.
- Svilo, - uTxra surukukum, - xom xedav, fexebi ar maqvs.
kudze momabi eg Seni JRaruna, magram ise, rom saWiroebis Jans
avwioo.
iqidan moyolebuli, gveli roca brazobs, kuds aSrialebs.
amiT afrTxilebs gamvlels.
Rame mainc ar misca surukukum uaniams.
maSin uaniamma gadawyvita, Sxami eSova. ifiqra, surukuku
amiT moixiblebao.
marTlac, surukukus rogorc ki Sxami uxsenes, sxvagvarad
alaparakda.
- kargi, mogcem Rames. Sxami Zalian mWirdebao.
surukukum Cado Rame kalaTaSi da gaatana uaniams.
Tvistomelebma rom dainaxes, uaniami surukukus gamotane-
buli kalaTiT modiso, win Seegebnen da kiTxvebi daayares:
- uaniam, Rame marTla mogaqvso?
- momaqvs, momaqvs, oRond surukukum piroba CamomarTva, Sin
misvlamde kalaTa ar gaxsnao.
magram uaniams amxanagebi ise exvewebodnen, Rame gvaCveneo,
rom manac daTmo, Tavi axada kalaTas.
gadmoqrialda kalaTidan Rame, pirveli Rame dedamiwaze da
Camowva ukuneTi.

125
 SeSindnen maues tomelebi, iyvires da aqeT-iqiT gaiqc-gamo-
iqcnen.
uaniami martodmarto darCa bneleTSi da iyvira:
- sad aris mTvare, ram Caylapao?
amis Tqma da uaniams gars Semoertya surukukus mTeli na-
Tesaoba: Jarakaka, morieli, asfexa. maT gaenawilebinaT Sxami da
surukukus dam Jarakakam fexi daugesla uaniams.
mixvda uaniami, Jarakakam damgeslao da iyvira:
- gicani, Jarakaka! daica, Cemi amxanagebi samagieros gadagix-
dian!
axla ki gvelTa mTeli ojaxi daesia uaniams. mxolod ku-
timboiam Seikava Tavi – cudi xasiaTis gamo gvelebma mas Sxami
ar argunes da kbena ar SeeZlo. is dResac aras erCis maues to-
mis indielebs.
mokvda uaniami. magram erTma megobarma tani samkurnalo
foTlebis nayeniT dauzila da gaacocxla.
isev wavida uaniami surukukusTan.
axla grZeli Ramis gamorTmeva ewada: pirveli Rame Zalian
mokle iyo.
sazRaurad bevri, Zalian bevri gvelis Sxami wauRo.
surukukum moagrova qveyanaze rac talaxi da WuWyi iyo da
Jenipapas wvenSi auria, rom Rame ufro gaeSavebina.
ase gaCnda grZeli Rame.
amitomaa, Rame Zvlebi rom gvtexs da yeli gvixmeba.
ai, ambavi, rogor moupova maues tomis indielebs Rame ua-
niamma.

rato
ratom
tom aris Rame
Rame grZe
grZeli
Zeli
cecxlovani miwa

ZvelisZvelad Rameebi metad mokle iyo, Cvens grZel Rame-

ebs ara hgavda. erT kacs, saxelad avareubos, xels ar aZlevda
mokle Rameebi, colTan erTad hamakSi didxans surda nebivroba.
erTxel cols uTxra:

126
 - rogor ar minda male gaTendes, rom didxans viwveT gver-
digverd.
colma urCia:
- wadi mamaCemTan da Ramis Zafi sTxove, maSin SeZleb, sibne-
le daagrZelo.
avareubo ewvia simamrs. simamri Sehpirda, Txovnas Segisru-
lebo. siZe im Rames iq darCa. meore diliT simamrma ori gorga-
li misca da uTxra:
- am gorgalSi Ramis Zafia, amaSi – dRisa. Sin misvlamde
arc erTi gaSalo, arc meoreo.
avareubo mobrunda sofelSi, magram sanam Sin Sevidoda, ah-
yva cTunebas da Tavisi saxlis axlos Ramis Zafi gaSala. uceb
Camobnelda, ukuni Camodga. avareubom xelis cecebiTac ki veRar
gaikvlia gza. uZaxa Tanasoflelebs, cecxli moitaneTo, magram
xma veravis miawvdina. bolos igi Ramis frinvelad gadaiqca da
gafrinda. gafrinda, dRis Zafic waiRo da dRemde veravis upovia.
ai, ratom aris grZeli Rameebi.

rato
ratom
tom dadi
dadis
dis mze nel-
nel-nela
nela
cecxlovani miwa

karaJas tomis erT-erTi qaliSvili, saxelad kaxerero co-

lad gahyva mdidar Sokroas. erT dRes igi tyeSi fiCxis Sesag-
roveblad gagzavnes. mzem swrafad galia ca, kaxererom ki vera-
feri Seagrova, ise SemoaRamda. atirda qali da dedas SesCivla.
- mdidars raRas gavyevi, Tu ase Cqara mamuSavebdnen? bolo
momeReba, ver gavuZleb! aiZule mze, nela iaroso.
maSin dedam Tavisi vaJi gaagzavna caSi da vaJma erTi fexi
mostexa mzes. mas mere mze nela dadis.

127
 varskvla
arskvlavi
skvlavi
brazilia

iyo erTi ymawvili biWi, erT Rames biWma caze mSvidad mo-
kiafe varskvlavs mohkra Tvali da moewona.
- samwuxaroa, rom ar SemiZlia Cems kalebasSi dagmalo, Se-
ni cqeriT mainc rom gavZRebodio, - wamoiZaxa da karga xans Ses-
cicina im mbrwyinav varskvlavs, mere erTi gulianad amoioxra da
mamakacTa sacxovrebel saxlSi dabrunda. iq mis Zmebs ukve eZi-
naT. ymawvilma daiZina da sizmarSi is saucxoo varskvlavi naxa.
SuaRamisas viRacis daJinebulma mzeram gamoaRviZa, mimoixeda da
viRac Tvalebgabrwyinebuli ucxo gogona dalanda.
- aqedan damekargeo! – uyvira moCvenebas, radgan macduri
egona.
- ratom magdeb? me xom swored is mokiafe varskvlavi var,
Sen rom kalebasSi damalvas natrobdio! – uTxra gogonam.
ymawvils jer isev SeeSinda, xma veRar amoiRo, mere gons
moego da hkiTxa:
- ki magram, am viwro kalebasSi rogor Caetevio?
- Sen dardi nu gaqvs, Cavetevio! – miugo varskvlav-gogo-
nam.
ymawvilma gaxsna kalebasi da varskvlav-gogona Sig CaZvra.
ijda gogona kalebasSi, Sehyurebda ymawvils da TvalTagan sxi-
vebs afrqvevda.
ymawvilma im dRidan mosveneba dakarga. sul tye-RreSi dae-
xeteboda da uneburad nanatr varskvlav-gogonaze fiqrobda.
erTxel, ymawvili tyeSi rom iyo wasuli, Zmebma moilapara-
kes: modi, gavexumroT da qoqosis kakali davumaloTo. mividnen
kalebasTan, erTi Zma Zirs dadga, meore ki maRla avida, rom ka-
lebasi koWebidan Camoexsna. magram gaxsna Tu ara kalebasi, erTi
ki iyvira da maSinve xeli uSva.
- Sig raRac mxeci zis da Tvalebidan cecxls afrqvevso!
orive Zma daoTxili gavarda. roca ymawvili tyidan mob-
runda, Zmebma yvelaferi uambes. igi gaujavrda Zmebs da kalebasi
isev Zvel adgilze Camohkida.
SuaRamisas varskvlav-gogona gamovida Tavis TavSesafridan.
ymawvili, marTalia, cotaTi SemkrTali iyo, magram dilamde ma-
inc tkbeboda misi simSvenieriT.
erTxel gogonam ymawvils uTxra:

128
 - sanadirod erTad wavideTo!
ymawvili daTanxmda. wavidnen. karga xans iares erTad da,
bolos, bakabas palmasTan mividnen. varskvlav-gogonam ymawvils
uTxra:
- palmaze adi da nayofi Camomiyareo.
ymawvilma daujera da avida. rogorc ki palmas kenweroze
moeqca, gogonam uyvira, gamagrdio, mere Tvalis daxamxamebaSi
TviTonac xeze axta da palmas toti uSxuvla. xem zrda iwyo,
gaizarda, gaizarda da sul ufro da ufro zeviT miiwevda, vid-
re cas ar miswvda. maSin varskvlav-gogonam xe kedelze miaba da
TviTon ymawvilTan erTad caze gadaxta.
ymawvili Zalian SeSinda. mis win triali mindori iyo, kar-
ga moSorebiT raRac qoxi moCanda. varskvlav-gogonam ymawvili iq
datova da TviTon qoxSi Sevida. male ukanve dabrunda da ymaw-
vils saWmel-sasmeli moutana, Tan ubrZana, aqedan fexi ar moic-
valoo da isev wavida. uceb ymawvils monadiris bukis xma da
adamianebis yvirili Semoesma: rogorc etyoboda, iqve, sadRac ax-
los mxiaruli nadimi iyo gaCaRebuli, mRerodnen da cekvavdnen.
varskvlav-gogona dabrunda da ymawvili xelmeored gaafrTxila:
- icode, mocekvaveTa sanaxavad wasvla ar gabedoo.
magram ymawvilma ver sZlia cnobismoyvareobas, rogorc ki
qali wavida, qoxTan miipara da Sig SeiWvrita. o, rom icodeT,
iq ra dainaxa?! – qoxi savse iyo ConCxebiT. ConCxebi Tavbrudam-
xvevi siswrafiT trialebdnen, sikvdilis cekvas asrulebdnen.
Zvlebze xorcis nafleTebi ekidaT, mimqrali Tvalebi odnavRa
ubJutavdaT.
damfrTxali ymawvili maSinve gaSorda iqaurobas. male var-
skvlav-gogona gamoCnda da ymawvils gaujavrda, ratom ar dami-
jereo. mere raRac wyali moutana da aiZula ganbaniliyo, rom
mocekvaveTa cqeris dros tanze garCenili myrali laqebi moeSo-
rebina. mere isev ubrZana, aqedan fexi ar moicvaloo da wavida.
magram ramdenime nabijis gadadgmac ver moaswro, rom ymawvili
kedelze mibmul palmas mivarda da axsna. varskvlav-gogona miux-
vda ganzraxvas da daedevna, magram gvianRa iyo: ymawvilma moas-
wro palmaze totis dartyma. palmam wamsve daiwyo damokleba,
dapataravda, dapataravda, vidre iseTive ar gaxda, rogorc winaT
iyo.
daRonebuli dahyurebda varskvlav-gogona mimaval ymawvils,
mere ki CamosZaxa:

129
 - amaod gamirbixar! sul male isev damibrundebio.
asec moxda. ymawvils autaneli Tavis tkivilebi dasCemda.
Zlivs moaswro mamisa da ZmebisTvis eambna, rac Tavs gadaxda da
mokvda kidec. araferma aRar uSvela.
ai, saidan Seityves indielebma, rom caSi araviTari netare-
ba ar moeliT, Tumca Tavze mudam alersiT mokiafe varskvlavebi
dascimcimeben.

rogo
rogor
gor ggaC
aCndne
aCndnen
ndnen var
varskvla
arskvlave
skvlavebi
vebi
brazilia

odesRac, Zalian didi xnis winaT, qalebi tyeSi wavidnen

simindis mosatexad, magram TiTo-orola taros meti ver moag-
roves da daRonebulebi dabrundnen sofelSi.
ramdenime dRis Semdeg isev wavidnen tyeSi da Tan erTi pa-
tara biWic gaiyoles. axla ufro meti simindi moagroves da iq-
ve dafqves, rom nadirobidan dabrunebuli mamakacebisTvis mWadi
daexvedrebinaT.
sanam qalebi saqmiT iyvnen garTuli, patara biWma karga
blomad simindi moipara da bambukis joxis RruSi Cayara. es jo-
xi swored amisTvis wamoeRo saxlidan.
biWi dabrunda Tavis qoxSi, joxidan simindi gadmoyara da
bebias uTxra:
- qalebi tyeSi darCnen, mWads acxoben. mec gamomicxve, bebi,
mWadi, mec vWam da biWebsac vaWmevo.
dedaberma Seusrula biWs Txovna.
biWebi kargad rom gamoZRnen, dedabers ena da xelebi daaW-
res, simindi rom movipareT, aravisTan wamoscdeso. biWebma moSi-
naurebul frTaWrel TuTiyuSsac moaWres ena da galiidan gauS-
ves. mere mosdgnen da rac ki im sofelSi moSinaurebuli frinve-
li iyo, yvela gauSves, ar gagvceno, magram mainc eSinodaT ded-
mamis risxvisa.
bolos gadawyvites, sanam mSoblebi dabrundebodnen, Tavi
cisTvis SeefarebinaT. soflidan tyis piras wavidnen Citi ko-
libris sanaxavad. ixmes Tu ara, maSinve mofrinda kolibri. bi-

130
Webma sqeli Tokis cali bolo niskartSi Caudes Cits, Tokis me-
ore bolo ki fexze Seabes da uTxres:
- gafrindi da Tokis erTi bolo, niskartSi rom gaqvs, am
tyeSi mdgar yvelaze maRal lianas gamoabi, meore ki zeviT, ci-
ur tyeSi waiRe da yvelaze sqel xes gamoabio.
Citi kolibri, marTlac, ise moiqca, rogorc biWebma daari-
ges. biWebi erTimeoris miyolebiT ayvnen lianas. lianis muxlebi
kibis magivrobas uwevdaT. liana rom gaTavda, Tokze Camoekidnen.
amasobaSi mSoblebic Sin dabrundnen. Svilebi rom ar daux-
vdaT, moxucsa da TuTiyuSs hkiTxes, biWebi sad ariano. dedaber-
sa da TuTiyuSs ena ar hqondaT da aba ras etyodnen.
qalma dauZaxa sxva qalebsac da yvelani tyeSi gaiqcnen.
didxans exvewebodnen Svilebs, isev dedamiwaze dabrundiTo, mag-
ram Svilebma ar Seismines dedebis Txovna da sul maRla da maR-
la miiwevdnen.
qalebi mixvdnen, Cveni xvewna-mudara ar gasWriso da Tvi-
Tonac auyvnen lianas, liana gaTavda da axla Tokze gaixunZlnen.
biWebs yvelaze bolos simindis qurdi misdevda. cas rom
miaRwia da qveviT gadmoixeda, Tokze akinZuli qalebi dainaxa.
biWi SeSinda, fexSi xeli ar wamavlono da Toki gadaWra. qalebi
Zirs Camocvivdnen da sxvadasxva cxovelebad iqcnen.
boroti biWebic sastikad daisajnen: samudamod caSi dar-
Cnen da yovel Rame sakuTari TvaliT xedaven TavianTi dedebis
ubedurebas.
caze mokiafe varskvlavebi swored am boroti bavSvebis
Tvalebia.

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ecxlis
xlis gaCe
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Cenaze
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uZveles droSi indielebma cecxlis danTeba ar icodnen.

erTxel Seeswrnen, maimunebi cecxls rogor anTebdnen da imaTac
iswavles.
maimuni odesRac Zalian hgavda adamians: tanze bewvi ar
hqonda, naviT curavda, siminds Wamda da hamakSi iZinebda.

131
 erTxel Turme maimuni da zRvis Rori navSi erTad isxdnen
da curavdnen. uceb maimunma dainaxa, rom Rori zed navis fsker-
ze RrRnida siminds.
- ei, Roro, mand nu Wam siminds, Torem navis Zirsac gamox-
rav, wyalSi Cavardebi da basrkbileba Tevzebis kerZi gaxdebio, -
uTxra maimunma.
zRvis Rorma ainunSic ar Caagdo maimunis darigeba da isev
ganagrZo RrRna. bolos da bolos Rorma marTla gamoxra navis
fskeri. navi jer wyliT aivso, mere ki gadabrunda da Rori
wyalSi Cavarda. icura, icura, magram samSvidobos mainc ver ga-
aRwia. Tevzebi daexvivnen da jijgna dauwyes, bolos sul mTlad
gadasansles. maimuni ki moxerxebulad micuravda. rogorc ki
Tevzebi wamoewivnen, erTs layuCebSi Caavlo xeli da napirze ga-
moaTria.
maimuni tyeSi saxetialod wavida. midis da miaTrevs dam-
xrCval Tevzs. iara, iara da win iaguari Semoeyara.
- gamarjoba, megobaro, - uTxra iaguarma, - albaT eg Tevzi
imisTvis daiWire, rom me da Sen erTad vinadimoTo.
- marTali xar, megobaro, Tevzi magitom daviWireo.
- eg kargia, magram Tevzis mosaxarSad cecxli sadRa viSo-
voTo?
maimunma iaguars tyis iqiT Camavali mze daanaxva da uTxra:
- ager cecxli, gaiqeci, moitane da Tevzic SevwvaTo.
mzem amasobaSi mTel tyes moafina Tavisi cecxlovani sxive-
bi.
- aba, sad aris cecxli? vera vxedavo, - ikiTxa iaguarma.
- ager, iq! xedav, ra wiTlad anTia? wadi da moitaneo.
iaguari wavida. iara, iara, magram gzas dasasruli ar uCan-
da. rac ufro win miiwevda, mze TandaTan Sordeboda. raRas
izamda. dabrunda ukan da maimuns uTxra:
- ver iqna da vera, cecxli ver vipoveo!
- ra ver ipove, gaixede, rogor brdRvialebs. Cqara gaiqeci
da ecade, axla mainc moitano, Tevzs ucecxlod xom ver Sev-
wvavTo.
iaguari xelmeored wavida cecxlis mosaZebnad. kargad rom
gaimanZila, maimunma xes ori xmeli toti Seatexa, erTmaneTs ga-
uxaxuna da cecxli gaaCaRa. mere Sewva Tevzi da SeWama. maimunma
Tevzis Zvlebi Camqral cecxlTan miyar-moyara, TviTon ki xeze

132
aZvra da iaguars daeloda. iaguari dabrunda, iqauroba moaTva-
liera, da mixvda, maimuns movutyuebivaro.
- daxeT erTi, ra miyo im aramzadam. damacados, vuCveneb se-
irs. davglej, movklav. sad damemaleba is usircxvilo isao! –
brazobda iaguari da Tan Tevzis Zvlebs xravda. mere ki saZebrad
wavida. eZeba, eZeba, magram kvals versad miagno.
iaguars stvena Semoesma. miixed-moixeda, maimuni arsad iyo.
isev Semoesma stvena. iaguarma axla zeviT aixeda da xeze wamos-
kupebuli maimuni ki dainaxa.
- megobaro, Zirs CamobrZandio! – SesZaxa iaguarma, magram
maimuni aba ras Camovidoda.
- xom geubnebodi, megobaro, Zirs Camodi-meTqi, ratom ar
mijerebo, - brazobda iaguari.
- rom Camovide, vici, momklavo.
- ara, ar mogklavo.
maimuni isev Wirveulobda. maSin iaguarma qars sTxova, da-
mexmareo da qarmac ise Ronivrad dahbera, xeebma sul aqeT-iqiT
daiwyes rweva. maimuni Zlivs imagrebda Tavs, Tan Wyioda:
- vai, vai, megobaro! sacaa Camovvardebi, xelebi aRar memor-
Cileba, miSvele Torem daviRupebio!
marTlac, maimuns jer marcxena xeli gaeSva, mere orive fe-
xi ausxlta da mxolod marjvena xeliTRa darCa totze dakide-
buli.
- megobaro, piri gaaRe, axlave Camovvardebio! – yviroda ma-
imuni.
qarma erTxel kidev dahqrola mZlavrad, maimunsac mTlad
gamoecala Rone da tots moswyda. gzaSi erTxel kidev moaswro
daeyvira:
- megobaro, piri gaaRe, ukve Camovvardio.
iaguarmac gaaRo piri da maimuni Tvalis daxamxamebaSi Se-
usrialda mucelSi.
iaguari tyuilad ilokavda tuCebs. tyuilad cdilobda
cotaTi mainc gaego maimunis gemo.
muceldamZimebuli iaguari brdRvinviT gaemarTa tyisken.
ver iyo misi saqme kargad, saRsalamaTi maimuni mucelSi ejda da
arxeinad daseirnobda aqeT-iqiT.
iaguari maimuns exveweboda:
- naklebad imoZrave, gemudarebi! wynarad iare, nu cmukavo.

133
 maimuni ki yursac ar ibertyavda. piriqiT, moixsna qvis da-
na, yelze TokiT rom hqonda Camokidebuli da misdga iaguaris
gul-mucels da fatra da fatra da fatra. sulTmobrZavi iagua-
ri Zirs daeca, maimuni ki mSvidad gamobrZanda gareT. iaguari
rom mokvda, maimunma tyavi gaxada. sartyelebad daWra, Tavi Seim-
ko da sanadirod wavida.
gzaze maimuns sxva iaguari Semoxvda. iaguari maimuns jer
daJinebiT Caacqerda, mere ki SeuRrina:
- oh, Se bilwo Sena, axlave suls gagacxebinebo!
maimunma ki amayad SesZaxa:
- aba, modi da scade! erTma iaguarmac moiwadina Cemi mok-
vla, magram xom xedav, ra dRe vayareo! – da iaguaris tyavisgan
gakeTebuli Tavsamkauli uCvena. iaguars SiSisgan iseTi cieb-cxe-
leba auvarda, rom maimunze Tavdasxma ki ara, iq gaCerebac veRar
gabeda. Semotrialda da Tavqudmoglejilma mokurcxla.

rogo
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gaCnda
aCnda Rame
Rame
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winaT dedamiwaze mxolod dRe yofila gamefebuli. Rame

wylis siRrmeSi Tvlemda da zeviT arc ki amodioda. adamianebi,
mxecebi da mcenareebi erTmaneTisgan rodi gansxvavdebodnen: bune-
baSi yvelaferi erTnairi iyo da yvelaferi metyvelebda.
winaprebi mogviTxroben, rom odesRac didebuli gvelis
asuli SeurTavs erT axalgazrdas. am axalgazrdas sami erTgu-
li msaxuri hyolia. erTxel vaJs msaxurTaTvis uTqvams:
- aqedan wadiT, Torem Cems cols ar surs CemTan dawveso.
msaxurebi wasulan. axalgazrdas ki uxmia coli da uTxo-
via, axla mainc daweqi CemTano.
- jer Rame rom ar ariso. – upasuxia didebuli gvelis
asuls.
- Rame arc iqneba, radgan yovelTvis dRe ariso.
maSin didebuli gvelis asuls uTqvams:
- Rame mamaCems aqvs. Tu ginda, survili Seisrulo, gagzavne
msaxurebi Ramis mosatanad. iq, did mdinareSi mamaCemis saxlia.

134
rodesac irgvliv iseTive ukuni gamefdeba, rogoric wylis siR-
rmeSia, SenTan mxolod maSin davwvebio.
axalgazrdas daubarebia msaxurebi da didebuli gvelis
asulis mamasTan gaugzavnia, qoqosis kaklis naWuWi momitaneTo.
msaxurni Camsxdaran navSi da wasulan. sul male didebuli
gvelis sabrZanebels misdgomian. qalis mamas miucia magrad Sewe-
bebuli qoqosis kaklis naWuWi da gaufrTxilebia:
- aha, waiReT es kakali, oRond icodeT, naWuWi aramc da
aramc ar gaxsnaT, Torem yvelaferi daiRupebao.
msaxurni kvlav Camsxdaran navSi, wamouRiaT kakali da wa-
mosulan. gzaze qoqosis kaklis naWuWidan raRac xmebi esmodaT
Turme. “Wri-Wri, yi-yio”, es xmebi kutkaliebisa da patara gom-
beSoebis xmas mogagonebdaT. maT xom Rame uyvarT simRera.
karga manZili rom gamoucuravT, yvelaze cnobismoyvare msa-
xurs uTqvams:
- modiT, vnaxoT, ra aris am kaklis gulSi, ase ra mReri-
so!
- ar SeiZleba, rom gavxsnaT, bunebaSi yvelaferi daiRupeba.
Cqara gavcuroT! aba niCbebi marjveT mousviTo! – ubrZanebia uf-
ross.
win miiwevdnen. kaklis naWuWidan ki ganuwyvetliv esmodaT
is ucnauri xmebi.
karga Sors rom gaucuravT, navis SuagulSi Segrovilan da
Tan waRebuli muguzlebiT cecxli auguzguzebiaT. Semdeg cec-
xliT webo gaudvniaT da kakali gauxsniaT. gauxsniaT Tu ara,
irgvliv yvelaferi dabnelebula.
- daviRupebiT. didebuli gvelis asuli uTuod mixvdeba,
qoqosis kakali rom gavxseniTo, - Sewuxebula ufrosi msaxuri.
mere isev mouqneviaT niCbebi da gza gaugrZelebiaT. didebu-
li gvelis asuls ki iq, Tavis sasaxleSi, meuRlisaTvis uTqvams:
- Senma msaxurebma Rame gamouSves, dilamde movicadoTo.
ai, swored maSin, rac ki tyeSi yofila mimofantuli, mxe-
cebad da frinvelebad qceulan. xolo is, rac mdinareSi iyo mi-
mobneuli, ixvebad da Tevzebad gardaqmnilan.
Zewnis totebisgan mownuli kalaTi iaguarad qceula, xo-
lo meTevze da misi navi – gareul ixvad. meTevzis Tavi gareuli
ixvis Tavad da niskartad qceula, navi – ixvis tanad, niCbebi ki
fexebad.

135
 diliT, didebuli gvelis asuls ciskris varskvlavi rom
daunaxia, meuRlisTvis uTqvams:
- Tendeba. droa dRe Ramisgan ganvacalkevoTo, - mere rome-
liRac mcenaris boWkosagan gorgali dauxvevia da ubrZanebia:
- kuJubinad iqecio!
ase gaCenila Citi kuJubina. mere didebuli gvelis asuls
TeTri Tixa auRia da CitisTvis Tavi TeTrad SeuRebia. urukus
buCqis nayofisgan ki, indielebi avadmyofobisa da avi Tvalisgan
dasacavad tans rom iRebaven, CitisTvis fexebi muqwiTlad Seu-
Rebia da uTqvams:
- kuJubin, ciskris Citad miqcevixar! dRis naTels yovel-
Tvis galobiT Sexvdebio!
xelmwifis asuls romeliRac xis boWkosgan isev dauxvevia
gorgali, zed Rvelfi dauyria da ubrZanebia:
- gareul frinvelad – mamal inambud – miqcevixar! yovel
Rame sxvadasxva dros da dilas imRerebo.
frinvelebma mas Semdeg iwyes Turme galoba. yovel maTgans
Tavisi simReris dro aqvs. magram gamTeniis win yvela erTxmad
amRerdeba, rom ufro mxiarulad gvewvios dRe.
msaxurebi Sin rom dabrunebulan, axalgazrda batons uT-
qvams:
- orgulebi yofilxarT, ar SeasruleT Cemi sityva, gaxse-
niT tukumanis kakali da Rame gamouSviT. Tqven gamo daiRupa
yvelaferi, maTTan erTad Tqvenc daiRupebiT, maimunebad iqceviT
da mTel cxovrebas xeebze gaatarebTo.

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okze
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zatimaresa da mis meuRles kokoteros ori Svili hyavdaT:

vaJi zokoie da gogona atiolo. mamas biWi Tavs erCivna, gogonas
ki yuradRebasac ar aqcevda. gogona rom dauZaxebda, mama mxo-
lod stveniT upasuxebda xolme. Svils erTxelac ar dalapara-
kebia.

136
 sasowarkveTili atiolo Seevedra dedas, miwaSi Camfali da
yvela moisvenebTo. kokotero didxans iyo uarze, ar undoda
Svilis ucnauri survilis Sesruleba. magram atiolos daJine-
bulma Txovnam bolos mainc gaWra. qalma waiyvana Svili da qa-
laqgareT miwaSi Cafla. Cafla Tu ara, atiolo maSinve Seexvewa
dedas: amomiyvane, aq Zalian cxela, sadme trial mindorSi Camfa-
lio. dedam es Txovnac Seusrula, magram atiolom verc trial
mindorSi moisvena. Seevedra dedas, daburul tyeSi erTi ormo
amoTxare da iq gadamiyvaneo. raRas izamda deda, erT daburul
tyeSi ori ormo amoTxara da Svili iq gadaiyvana. maSin atio-
lom dedas uTxra, axla ki wadi da Tundac Cemi yvirili Semo-
gesmas, ukan aRar dabrundeo.
kokotero wavida, kargad gaimanZila, magram irgvliv sim-
Svide aravis daurRvevia. midis, midis da Svilis kivili Semoes-
ma. veRar moiTmina dedam, ukanve gamobrunda, mivida ormosTan da
iqve gaSeSda: im adgilas, sadac misi gogona iyo Cafluli, maRa-
li mwvane buCqi amosuliyo. rogorc ki miuaxlovda, buCqi dapa-
taravda da tanCis mcenared iqca.
kokoterom buCqis irgvliv balaxi gamargla. mcenare Tval-
daTval icvlida fers da sul ufro da ufro lamazi da mim-
zidveli xdeboda.
bolos kokoterom buCqi amoTxara, buCqs Zalian sqeli da
magari fesvebi aRmoaCnda. am mcenares kokoterom da misma meuR-
lem oJakore Searqves, paresis tomma ki kete uwoda. es iyo Cve-
ulebrivi manioki, romelsac saWmelad dResac xmaroben paresisa
da sxva indielTa tomebi.

rogo
rogor
gor gaC
gaCnda
aCnda deda
dedami
damiwa
miwaze
waze Tamba
ambaqo
baqo,
qo, simin
simindi
mindi,
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webo da bam
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amba
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erTxel erTi qali, saxelad aturoarodo, qmris Sesaxved-

rad wavida. qmari nadirobidan brundeboda da Tan daWrili ana-
konda mohqonda. qali SeeSvela qmars da anakonda TviTon wamoi-
kida zurgze, magram ise mouxerxeblad aikida, rom gvelis sxeu-
lidan gamoJonili sisxli qals mucelSi CaeRvara.

137
 erTxel qali xilis mosakrefad wavida. Sevida tyeSi, mwi-
fe nayofiT daxunZluli maRali xis Ziras gaCerda da naRvlia-
nad Tqva:
- netavi xils vin momikrefso.
qals gvelis sisxlidan naSobi arsebis xma Semoesma Tavisi
muclidan:
- dedilo, me aval xeze, xils me mogikrefo!
sisxli gvelis saxiT gamosrialda qalis sxeulidan da
Tvalis daxamxamebaSi acocda xeze. qalma dainaxa, rom mis Svils
adamianis saxe ar hqonda da gaqceva daapira, magram gveli wamsve
Camocurda xidan da isev mis sxeulSi gauCinarda. qali dabrunda
sofelSi da Zmebs uTxra:
- Zmebo, vaJi meyola, magram adamiani ki ar aris, ucxo su-
liao.
maSin Zmebma urCies, adeqi da isev im xesTan dabrundio.
qals Zmebic Tan gahyvnen. qali mivida mware nayofiT daxun-
Zlul xesTan da Tqva:
- xils vin momikrefso?
gveli gamoZvra qalis sxeulidan, acocda xeze da mwife na-
yofs krefa dauwyo. uceb dainaxa, rom dedamisi garboda. gveli
swrafad Camococda xidan rom dedas dasweoda, magram Zmebma mo-
imwyvdies da joxebiT mokles. mere fiCxi moagroves, didi koco-
ni daanTes da dawves.
gavida xani. erTxel Zmebi im adgilze mividnen da naxes,
rom gvelis ferflidan uruku, bambis buCqi, webovani wvenis mqo-
ne xe – kidoguru, Tambaqo da simindi aRmocenebuliyo.
Cvenma winaprebma pirvelad maSin naxes uruku, daamtvries
misi nayofi, gamoiRes Tesli, wyalTan da Taflis sanTelTan er-
Tad Seazaves, mere mcenareulis wveni moumates da wiTeli fe-
ris sazeli siTxe miiRes, am siTxiT tanis SeRebva daiwyes. bamba
rom naxes, jer gaukvirdaT, netavi, raSi gamoviyenebTo. mere ki
Tqves: modiT, misgan saxvevebi movqsovoT. saxvevebs xelebze, fe-
xebze SemovixvevTo da isrebze frTebs mivamagrebTo.
ai, ratomaa, rom orarimugus indielebi yovelgvar saxve-
vebs dRemde bambisgan amzadeben.
Cvenma winaprebma maSin Tambaqoc pirvelad naxes. mokrifes
misi foTlebi, gamoaSres, sigariseburad daaxvies da moswies, ma-
gari Tambaqo Tu iyo, kargiao, ambobdnen. rbil Tambaqoze ki
tuCs aimrezdnen, ugemuriao.

138
 simindis taro pirvelad rom motexes, SeWma ver gabedes.
jer misans misces, Sen gasinjeo. xolo kidogurus xeze ki ma-
Sinve Tqves – ai, es webos xea, modiT, movagrovoT misi wveni da
tani movixatoTo.
kidogurus wvens axlac xmaroben tanis mosaxatad.

wiTe
wiTeli
Teli ciyvi
iyvi
brazilia

erTxel Turme kaSinauas tomis soflis mcxovrebTa Soris

saSineli SimSiloba Camovarda. saWmlis namcecic ki arsad moe-
ZebnebodaT.
SimSiliT rom ar amowyvetiliyvnen, mamakacebi sakvebis sa-
Zebnelad wavidnen. sofelSi mxolod qalebi da bavSvebiRa dar-
Cnen da wyalSi azelil miwas Wamdnen.
erTxelac erTi qali wylis mosatanad mdinareze wavida.
uceb Tvali mohkra wiTel ciyvs. ciyvi iqve xeze daxtunavda.
qals arasodes enaxa aseTi ucnauri mxeci da SeSinebulma yviri-
li morTo:
- wiTelo ciyvo, wiTelo ciyvo, aqedan momSordio.
gulgaxeTqili qali gaiqca sofelSi. mivida saxlSi da mi-
wis fafa moaduRa. uceb gaixeda da misken momavali lamazi ymaw-
vili dainaxa. es ymawvili meore qalmac dainaxa da pirvels uT-
xra:
- wadi da hamaki moutane, rom am axalgazrdam CvenTan dais-
venoso.
axalgazrda Sevida qoxSi da dajda. qalma ki hkiTxa:
- vina xar da saidan modixaro?
- me mojadoebuli wiTeli ciyvi varo, - miugo ymawvilma.
- ra vqnaT, saWmeli rom araferi gvaqvs, riT gagimaspin-
ZldeT, - amoioxra qalma, - bostneuli gagviTavda da miwis fa-
fasa vWamT. simindisagan mxolod naqurCaliRa dagvrCa, bananisgan
– gamxmari kani, manioki ki sul gamogveliao.
mojadoebul ymawvils Seecoda damSeuli xalxi da Tqva:
- axlave Tqvens ojaxs bostneuliT avavsebo.

139
 qalebs SeeSindaT da, aRar icodnen, ra eqnaT. maSin ymaw-
vilma xeliT aniSna, dawynardiTo. mere ki uTxra:
- nu gagikvirdebaT. mamaCemi tupa yvelafers Semisrulebs.
axla wadiT da gamxmari bananis kani, simindisa da maniokis na-
qurCali momitaneT, mere ki hamakSi CaweqiT da pirisaxe daifare-
To.
qalebma daujeres. sul male ymawvilis win bananis kanisa,
simindisa da naqurCalis mTa wamoimarTa.
qalebi hamakebSi Cawvnen. ymawvilma suli Seubera simindis
naqurCs da mwvane taroebad aqcia. bananis kani da maniokis naqur-
Cali bananad da maniokad iqca. mere ymawvilma ixmo qalebi. maT
sixarulisagan Tvalebi ubrwyinavdaT. maSinve gadaRvares miwis
fafa da sadilis momzadebas Seudgnen.
wiTeli ciyvi ki moulodnelad gaqra. mas Semdeg kaSinauas
tomis indielebi ciyvs naTesebis mfarvelad Tvlian.

rogo
rogor
gor gaC
gaCnda
aCnda simin
simindi
mindi
tropikuli tyeebi

winaT umotinis xalxma ar icoda, ra iyo simindi. erTxel

erTi qali tyeSi wavida saWmlis saSovnelad da anakondas kver-
cxebi ipova. qals egona, Citis kvercxebiao, da zurgze mokide-
bul kalaTSi Caiwyo. kvercxebi daimtvra, wveni zurgze Camoedi-
na da mucelSi Cauvida. qals male gveli SeeZina da Zalian Seuy-
varda, imitom rom misi vaJiSvili iyo. gvelma laparaki icoda.
qali sxva Svilebs umalavda gvels da nebas aZlevda, isev
mucelSi CaZvromoda. erTxel sxva Svilebma mainc dainaxes gve-
li, roca kaklisTvis xeze micocavda, da dedas hkiTxes, vin ari-
so.
qalma jer iuara, gveli arc daminaxavso, magram mere ga-
motyda, Cemi Sviliao.
vaJebi Zalian gabrazdnen da daemuqrnen dedas, Tu erTxel
kidev dagvinaxavs, ueWvelad movklavTo. gvels yvelaferi esmoda
dedis mucelSi.

140
 didxans mala dedam gveli mucelSi, magram gveli erTxel
kidev wavida tyeSi kaklisTvis. iq qalis vaJebma dainaxes, mok-
les da sul nakuwebad aqcies. qali wavida tyeSida Tavisi sayva-
reli vaJiSvili ase akuwuli rom naxa, mwared atirda. moagrova
nakuwebi da damarxa. TiToeul nakuwisgan simindis Reroebi wamo-
izarda da taroebi daisxa. qalma simindis marcvali qalebs dau-
riga sofelSi. imaTac daiwyes simindis Tesva. umotinebma mas
Semdeg ician, ra aris simindi.

mani
mani
tropikuli tyeebi

es ambavi ZvelisZvelad moxda. erT-erTi indieli beladis

gogo daorsulda. beladi im adgilas cxovrobda, sadac axla ga-
Senebulia qalaqi santareni. mamam daifica, Suri eZia imaze, vinc
misi qoxi Seuracxyo. gamohkiTxa Svils, magram arc moferebam
gaWra, arc muqaram, saidumlo ver gamostyua. irwmuneboda, kaci
ar momkarebiao.
mama cofebs yrida, undoda Svili moekla, magram am dros
gamoCnda viRac TeTri kaci da uTxra:
- nu moklav, Seni gogo umwikvloa, arasodes arc erTi ka-
ci ar gahkarebiao.
mamam daujera da Svils sicocxle SeunarCuna.
gavida cxra Tve da daibada gogona, ulamazesi bavSvi, say-
vareli da TeTri, rogorc wylis lilia. mezobeli tomebi gan-
cvifrebaSi mohyavda mis silamazes.
saidan ar modiodnen TeTri gogonas sanaxavad. gogonas mani
daarqves. pirvel dResve daiwyo gogonam siarulic da lapara-
kic; yvelas uRimoda, magram Zalze sevdianad. erT weliwadSi ki
gardaicvala, Tumca arc uavadmyofia, arc uwvalia. saxlTan,
baRSi damarxes. winaparTa Cveulebisamebr, saflavs yoveldRe
rwyavdnen. erTxel saflavi naxevrad gaxsnili daxvdaT, Sig ra-
Rac ucxo mcenares gaexara. veravin gabeda moeglija.
mcenare male buCqad iqca. buCqi ayvavda, mere nayofi moisxa.
tyis frinvelebi am nayofiT Tvrebodnen.

141
 erTxel im buCqebTan miwa gaxma da daskda. lamazi, TeTri
buCqis Ziri rom naxes, sul TeTrkaniani lamazi manis sxeuls
miamsgavses da mcenares manioka uwodes.

rogo
rogor
gor iswav
iswavle
wavles
les in
indi
die
dielebma
lebma Tafli
aflis
lis dRe
dResas
Resaswa
saswau
waulis
lis mow
mowyo
owyoba
yoba
tropikuli tyeebi

erTxel aruvem, saxelganTqmulma monadirem, gaigo, TuTiyu-

Sebi sad dafrinavdnen makaos Teslis asakenkad. wavida, aZvra xe-
ze da msxverpls daudarajda. aruvem bevri TuTiyuSi mokla. sa-
Ramos, xidan rom Camodioda, dainaxa, rom xesTan iaguarebi
grovdebodnen. aruve isev xeze daimala. iaguarebi Turme Taf-
lisTvis mosuliyvnen da Cqara wavidnen. monadire sofelSi daxo-
cili TuTiyuSebiT dabrunda.
meore dResac kargad inadira aruvem xidan. saRamos isev
movidnen iaguarebi da aruvem Tavisi safari maTi wasvlis mere
datova.
erTxel Zmam sTxova aruves, miCvene, sad nadirobo. wiTeli
TuTiyuSis frTebi mosdomeboda dResaswaulze mosakazmavad.
aruvem aswavla, romel xeze asuliyo, Tan daariga, manam ar
Camoxvide, sanam iaguarebi ar wavleno.
mTeli dRe inadira aruves Zmam da ramdenime TuTiyuSi mok-
la. ucbad dainaxa, rom iaguarebi xes uaxlovdebian. Zmis darige-
bis miuxedavad, gadawyvita, erTi iaguari moekla. magram isari
ver moxvda mizanSi. iaguari xeze avida da mokla aruves Zma.
mTeli dRe eloda aruve Zmas. rom aRar dabrunda, iazra
iaguari moklavdao, da im xisaken gaemarTa. naxa, rac momxdari-
yoda Zmis sisxliT morwyul iaguaris nakvalevs mihyva. kvali
WianWvelebis budesTan gaqra. aruve Samani iyo, Cibuxi gaabola
da sulebs uxmo. mere aruve WianWvelad iqca da WianWvelebis
budeSi SeZvra. iq saxlebi dainaxa. es iaguarebis sofeli iyo.
aruve isev adamianad iqca da Zmis saZebnelad gaeSura.
aruvem dedali iaguari dainaxa. gahyva mamis saxlSi da mas-
ze daqorwinda. swored mis simamrs moekla misi Zma. simamrma
uambo aruves, misma Zmam rogor gaabraza iaguarebi.

142
 aruve didxans cxovrobda iaguarebTan. iaguarebi xSirad
soflidan ramdenime dRiT midiodnen, magram yoveldRe romelime
ukan brundeboda da kalebasiT Tafli mohqonda. Taflian kaleba-
sebs iaguarebi nivnivze hkidebdnen xolme. RamRamobiT iaguarebi
am saxlTan ikribebodnen, sadac Tafli hqondaT Senaxuli, da
Zalze lamaz ucnob simReras mRerodnen.
iaguarebma bevri Tafli rom moagroves, moirTvnen da Taf-
lis didi dResaswauli gamarTes.
dilidan saRamomde mRerodnen. mocekvaveebi Taflian wyals
svamdnen. aruvem iswavla maTi cekvebi da simRerebi.
magram aruves male moenatra Tavisi tenetexareli coli
da vaJiSvili. man iaguarebs sTxova, maT sanaxavad gamiSviTo. ia-
guarebi im pirobiT daTanxmdnen, Tu col iaguarsac Tan waiyvan-
da.
col-qmari gamovida WianWvelebis budidan da tenetexaras
soflisken gaeSura. aruvem iaguar cols sTxova, Sen soflis
bolos damicade, sanam Cems tenetexarel cols vnaxavo.
tenetexarel cols Zalian gauxarda qmris mosvla da mani-
okisagan sasmeli moumzada. aruve didxans darCa masTan. bolos
mivida WianWvelebis budesTan, magram iq iaguari coli aRar da-
uxvda. WianWvelebis budeSi Casasvlelic amoeqola. aruve damden-
jerme mivida WianWvelebis budesTan, magram iaguarebis sofeli
veRar ipova. maSin adga da xalxs aswavla, rogor ezeimaT Taf-
lis dResaswauli.
is Taflis dResaswauli, rogorc axla zeimoben, xalxs
tenetexarma aruvem aswavla.

rogo
rogor
gor gaC
gaCndne
aCndnen
ndnen war
warRvni
arRvnis
Rvnis Sem
Semde
emdeg
deg mdi
mdina
dinare
naree
reebi da mxe
mxece
xecebi
cebi
brazilia

winaT, winaT, uxsovar droSi dedamiwaze didi wyaldidoba

iyo. bevri xalxi daixoca. wyalma mTeli dedamiwa dafara. mxo-
lod erTaderTi mwvervali krinJiJinbeRa Canda wylis zemoT.
samma tomma – kaingangam, kaiurukrem da kamem – gadawyvita ro-
gorme Tavi gadaerCinaT da krinJiJinbes mimarTulebiT gacures.

143
yovel maTgans kbilebiT TiTo muguzali eWira, rom gza kargad
gaekvlia. kaiurukrem da kamem male dakarges Zal-Rone da daix-
rCvnen. maTma sulebma mTis gulSi SeaRwies da mis wiaRSi dabi-
navdnen.
kaingangam da ramdenime kurutonma krinJiJinbes mwvervals
miaRwies. zogi mwvervalis ferdobebs Seefina, zogi ki, visac ad-
gili ar eyo, xeebze avida.
kaingangebi ramdenime dRe mSier-mwyurvalni iyvnen. wyali ar
klebulobda da ukve sikvdili elodaT. uceb, saidanRac simRera
SemoesmaT, gaixedes da uamravi sarakuri dainaxes. maT kalaTebiT
miwa mohqondaT. frinvelebma miwa wyalSi Cayares da wyalmac
cotaTi ukan daixia. maSin kaingangebi Seexvewnen sarakurebs, aC-
qardiTo. Citebma xmamaRla SemosZaxes simRera, rom Sroma gaad-
vilebodaT, Tan dasaxmareblad ixvebic ixmes. gaCaRda xalisiani
muSaoba. miwas manamde yridnen wyalSi, vidre didi vake ar gaaCi-
nes. ai, swored am vakeze dasaxldnen kaingangebi. is kaingangebi
ki, romlebmac xeebs Seafares Tavi, maimunebad gadaiqcnen. saraku-
rebi miwas mTis im mxaridan yridnen, saidanac mze amodioda, ami-
tom yvela Cveni mdinare da wyaro dasavleTisken miemarTeba. iq
ki mdinare paranas erTvian.
roca didi warRvna damTavrda, kaingangebma ser do marasTan
mdebare adgilebi daikaves. mTis gulSi dasaxlebulma kaiurukre-
sa da kames sulebma gareT gamosasvleli gzebis Zebna iwyes. bev-
ri iwvales, vidre miwis wiaRs Tavs daaRwevdnen. kaiurukres
xalxi mTis mxridan gamovida, kamesi – meore mxridan. kaiuruk-
res xalxma TavisTvis wyaros gayolebiT gaiyvana gza. aq miwa
swori da gluvi iyo. swored amis gamo aqvT kaukurukres xalxs
patara fexebi. kames xalxi ki qvian miwaze dasaxlda, maT max-
loblad arcerTi wyaro ar iyo. isini dasalev wyals kaiuruk-
res mcxovreblebs sTxovdnen. bevri siarulisgan fexebi daxeTqi-
li da Sesiebuli hqondaT. am xalxs dResac didi fexebi aqvT.
im dros, roca kamesa da kaiurukrus sulebi mTis wiaRidan
gamosasvlels eZebdnen, kaingangas xalxma kurutonebs ubrZana,
barSi wadiT da Cveni Zveli kalaTebi da kalebasebi mogvitaneTo.
kurutonebs uari ar uTqvamT. Cavidnen barad, magram sizarmacis
gamo mTaSi dabruneba SeezaraT da iqve darCnen. ai, amitom, sadac
kurutonebs waawydebiT, gaqceuli monebiviT viWerT. maT xom ka-
ingangebis sityva ar Seusrules.

144
 kaiurukrebi mTis wiaRidan gamovidnen Tu ara, didi koconi
daanTes. cecxli rom minavlda, misanma kaiurukma naxSirisa da
nacrisagan iaguarebi Seqmna. mere am iaguarebs uTxra: wadiT,
tyeSi icxovreT da adamianebiTa da mxecebiT ikvebeTo! iaguarebi
maSinve RmuiliT gacvivdnen tyisken. misanma mTeli naxSiri iagua-
rebs daaxarja. tapirebi mxolod nacrisagan gamoZerwa.
- wadiT da frinvelebiT irCineT Tavio! – ubrZana man tapi-
rebs, magram misanma maT yurebi Zalian cudad miaba, amitom tapi-
rebma misi sityvebi kargad ver gaiges da SeekiTxnen, ra vqnaTo?
misani ukve sxva mxecebs Zerwavda da gulmosulma uyvira: wadiT
da foTlebiTa da totebiT ikvebeTo! axla ki gaiges, rac uT-
xres da maSinve brZanebis Sesasruleblad gaiqcnen. ai, ratom ik-
vebebian tapirebi mxolod xis foTlebiT, totebiTa da nayofiT.
misani kaiurukri ki axal mxecs Zerwavda. ukve Tendeboda da mis
jadoqrobas TandaTan Zala akldeboda. amitom siCqareSi kbilebi,
ena da brWyalebi ver gaukeTa. pirSi mxolod Txeli RlerWi Ca-
udo da uTxra: Sen marto WianWvelebiT isazrdovebo.
ai, ratom darCa WianWvelaWamia daumTavrebeli da ratom
gamoiyureba ase ucnaurad. Semdeg saRamos kaiurukrma kidev gamo-
Zerwa sxvadasxva cxoveli da frinveli. mSromeli futkaric man-
ve gaaCina amqveynad.
misani kamec Seusvenebliv saqmianobda. magram igi iseT mxe-
cebs Zerwavda, romlebsac Tavisuflad SeeZlo kaiurukris gake-
Tebul mxecebTan SebrZoleba. man gaakeTa pumu, Sxamiani gvelebi
da avi krazanebi.
kaiurukma da kamem saqme moaTaves da TavianT tomebs kain-
gangisken wauZRvnen. gzaze Seityves, rom iaguarebs sisxli uy-
varT da adamianebs Wameno, amitom gadawyvites, sul gaeJlitaT
iaguarebis modgma. gzad did mdinareze unda gadasuliyvnen. kaiu-
rukrma da kamem mdinareze Zeli gades, rogorc ki yvela meore
napirze gavida, kaiurukrma kames tomis erT-erT mkvidrs ubrZana:
- xidTan darCi da iaguarebs dauyaraule, Tu zed gamovid-
nen, Zels xeli hkari da wyalSi Cayareo.
kame dayabulda. marTlac, rogorc ki iaguarebi Zelze amo-
vidnen, kamem xeli hkra da iaguarebi wyalSi gadayara. bevri ia-
guari daixrCo. zogierTma ki moaswro ukan gadaxtoma da miwas
brWyalebiT CaebRauWa. gadarCenili iaguarebi ise sazarlad aR-
rWendnen kbilebs da Rrinavdnen, rom SeSinebulma kamem iaguarebs

145
Tavi mianeba. mas Semdeg iaguarebi marto xmeleTze ki ara, wyal-
Sic kargad grZnoben Tavs.
bolos indielebma erT trial mindors miaRwies. am min-
dorze cxovrobdnen kaingangebi. mosulebi moelaparaknen dam-
xvdurT da rCeva sTxoves, Cveni Svilebi rogorc davacolSvi-
loTo. isinic adgnen da jer kaiurukres vaJebs qalebi SerTes
colad, mere ki kames tomis vaJebs – kaiurukres qalebi. uco-
lod darCenil axalgazrdebs mxolod amis Semdeg darTes neba
kaingangebis qalebze daqorwinebuliyvnen.
ai, ratom naTesaoben erTmaneTSi kaiurukres, kamesa da kain-
gangebis tomis indielebi.

mTis yva
yvavi
vavili
vili
andebis mTianeTi

Svidi wlis winaT Tovli movida da mTeli dedamiwa ayvav-

da. magram sruliad moulodnelad vulkanma amoxeTqa da are-mare
ferfliT daifara. ferflma miwa gamoaSro, mosavali aRar modi-
oda. maSin saTaTbirod Seikribnen mTavari beladi da danarCeni
beladebic. uecrad, aravin icis, saidan, gamoCnda erTi kaci da
yvela da yvelaferi, Citebic ki miCumdnen.
ai, ra Tqva im kacma:
- Tqvens belads erTi qaliSvili hyavs, saxelad likeraieni
– mTis yvavili – hqvia. misi guli Caaqrobs vulkans, isev mova
Tovli da dedamiwaze isev gacocxldeba yvelaferi. magram like-
raieni mTisa da mindvris yvavilebs Soris unda mokvdes. roca
mokvdeba, vinme mamaci mkerdidan guls amouRebs da dariCinis xis
totze Camohkidebs. mere kordilierebis mwvervalidan kondori
daeSveba, daavlebs guls niskarts da vulkanSi Caagdebs.
Tqva da gauCinarda.
belads feri wauvida, es rom gaigona, magram likeraienma
daamSvida:
- nu daRondi, mami, me ar movkvdebi.
erTma mamacma kacma dakrifa rac ki mTaSi Tu mindorze yva-
vili iyo da misgan likeraienisTvis sareceli gaamzada. mere be-

146
ladma moiyvana Tavisi qaliSvili da im sarecelze daawvina. mok-
vda likeraieni. miCumdnen adamianebica da frinvelebic. mamacma
adamianma ki amouRo likeraiens mkerdidan guli da dariCinis
xis totze Camohkida. kondorma waiRo guli da vulkanSi Caagdo.
wamovida Tovli da vulkanic Caqra.

iStlak
iStlaksi
tlaksiu
siuatli
atlisa
lisa da po
popo
poka
pokate
katepet
tepetli
petlis
lis vul
vulka
ulkane
kanebi
nebis
bis legen
legenda
genda
meqsika

iStlaksiuatli – TeTri qali – yvelaze umaRlesi mTaa im

mTebs Soris, mexikos vels rom garSemortymia. imis gverdiT ki
dgas mbolavi mTa – popokatepetli. es vulkanebi iseTi maRlebi
arian, sami Statis daSorebiTac Canan.
cis fonze mkveTrad ikveTeba yinulovani TovliT dafaru-
li mTis mwvervalebi. zogjer Rrubeli faravT xolme. ganTiadi-
sas amomavali mzis sxivebi elamuneba mTebs, RamRamobiT ki mTis
mwvervalebi sibneleSi inTqmeba.
yovel Cvengans, vinc am goliaTi mTebis Ziras cxovrobs da
yoveldRe uyurebs am uCveulo silamazes, eCveneba, rom iStla
da popo, rogorc Cveulebisamebr veZaxiT maT, adamianuri Tvise-
bebisani arian. gveCveneba, TiTqos isini im legendis Seyvarebuli
gmirebi iyvnen, romelic xSirad gvsmenia da gviambia kidec maTze.
iStlaksiuatli, actekebis Zlieri mbrZanebelis asuli, mi-
si taxtisa da didebis erTaderTi memkvidre iyo. roca mamamisi
moxucda da dauZlurda, mis qveyanas mteri Semoesia. mbrZanebel-
ma saSvelad uxmo qveSevrdom tomTa umamaces Wabukebs. vinc
mters daamarcxebda, Tavis taxtsa da asuls Sehpirda. yvelaze
mamaci meomari iyo popokatepetli. mefis asulsa da popokate-
petlis didi xania uyvardaT erTmaneTi.
omi mrisxane, xangrZlivi da sisxlismRvreli gamodga. is
iyo omi unda damTavrebuliyo da gamarjvebuli popokatepetlis
Sepirebuli jildo unda mieRo, rom misma metoqeebma SemoTva-
les, popokatepetli mokleso. princesa saSinelma senma Seipyro.
verc eqimbaSebma uSveles da verc qurumebma. rac dRe gadioda,
qali dneboda da bolos sulic dalia.

147
 popokatepetli rom dabrunda da princesas sikvdili Seit-
yo, lamis dardisgan gaTavda, aRar undoda sicocxle. aago maRa-
li piramida da Sig Tavisi satrfo daasvena. mis gverdiT ki Ta-
visTvis aigo piramida da anTebuli CiraRdniT mis gverdiT dad-
ga, rom qalis maradiuli Zili gaenaTebina.
gavida wlebi. Tovlma dafara princesac da mamaci Wabukic.
magram anTebuli CiraRdani ver Caaqro. igi axlac anTia, cxove-
li da Cauqrobeli, rogorc popokatepetlisa da mSvenieri prin-
cesas siyvaruli.

rei
reiniri
niris
ris mTa da war
warRvna
arRvna
Crdilo-dasavleT sanapiro

uxsovar dros, roca samyaro axalgazrda iyo, didi suli

Zlier ganurisxda dedamiwaze mcxovreb adamianebsa da mxecebs.
maSin is reiniris mTis yinulovan mwvervalze cxovrobda.
gabrazebiT ki imitom gabrazda, rom adamianebi da mxecebi
borotebi iyvnen da xSirad erTmaneTs Tavs esxmodnen.
did suls ewada, dedamiwaze erTi keTili kacis ojaxi da
keTili mxecebi daetovebina.
- mTis mwvervalis qvemoT Rrubeli romaa, isari styor-
cneo, - uTxra man keTil kacs. keTili kaci asec moiqca. isari
RrublebSi CaerWo.
- axla meore isari pirvelis boloSi moartyio.
meore isari pirvels boloSi moxvda da Sig CaiWeda. isro-
da da isroda kaci isrebs. isrebic erTmaneTis boloSi erWobo-
da.
ase gaiWima isrebis grZeli Toki Rrublebidan dedamiwamde.
- axla Sens col-Svils uTxari, Tokze amococdnen. aseve
uTxari keTil mxecebs. Tan Tvali geWiros, boroti mxecebi da
boroti adamianebic ar amohyvneno, - ubrZana didma sulma keTil
kacs.
marTlac, keTilma kacma cols uTxra, Tokze acocdio.
qals maTi Svilebi mihyvnen, maT Svilebs ki keTili mxecebi. yve-
la rom avida, ukan keTili kaci mihyva.

148
 Rrublebze fexi rom daadga, keTilma kacma dainaxa, Tokze
boroti adamianebi, boroti mxecebi da gvelebic ki micocavdnen.
maSin adga, gamoaZro pirvelad nasroli isari da Toki gawyvita.
dainaxa, boroti mxecebi da gvelebi mTis ferdobebidan rogor
Camogordnen Zirs.
didi suli rom darwmunda, keTili adamianebi da mxecebi
uvnebelni ariano, Zlier Tavsxmas ubrZana, dedamiwas dascxeo.
mravali dRe da Rame kokispirulad wvimda. dedamiwa wyalma da-
fara; wyali reiniris mTis ferdobebs TandaTan maRla uwevda.
bolos im simaRleze miaRwia, sadac Tovli zafxulobiTac ki
ara dneba. boroti adamianebi da mxecebi sul rom amowydnen,
didma sulma wvimas ubrZana, Sewyvetiliyo, Tan keTili adamianis
ojaxTan erTad Tvals adevnebda wylis klebas. miwa rom gaSra,
didma sulma keTil kacs uTxra:
- axla SegiZlia, Seni ojaxiTa da keTili mxecebiT Zirs
Caxvideo.
keTilma adamianma col-Svili da mxecebi mTis bilikebiT
dedamiwaze Camoiyvana, rom iq dasaxlebuliyvnen, arc boroti
mxecebi SexvedriaT gzaSi da arc gvelebi. isini dResac ar arian
reiniris mTaze.

krate
rateri
teris
ris tba da ori mona
monadi
nadire
dire
Crdilo-dasavleT sanapiro

klamatelebis rwmeniT, krateris tbaSi yvelaze Zlieri su-

li cxovrobda. binad TiTqmis Sua tbaSi amarTuli frialo
klde hqonda, romlis gulSi gamudmebiT enTo cecxli. kldis
mwvervalze gaCenili Rrmulidan mogizgize cecxlis enebi if-
rqveoda da Savi kvamli bolqv-bolqvad ityorcneboda.
klamateli misnebi (didi suli mxolod maT aZlevda tbas-
Tan misvlis uflebas) ambobdnen, wyali uzarmazar RrmulSi
dgas, romelic dedamiwis gulisaken midiso.
“es Rrmuli casaviT Rrma da uZiroa, - hyvebodnen isini, -
mis irgvliv Semortymul mTebs Sors aqvT fesvebi gadgmuli mi-
waSi, mwvervalebi ki Rrublebs swvdebian. Rrmuli wyliT aris
savse. uZiro, imaze uZiro wyliT aris savse, vidre mis zedapir-

149
ze areklili zeca. mravali wlis win am Rrmulidan gamovidnen
Cveni winaprebi. isini miwis gulidan cecxlsa da kvamls gamoh-
yvnen. axla klamatelebi rom ixocebian, maTi sulebi tbis Sua-
gulSi patara mTas ubrundebian”.
misnebi drodadro adiodnen xolme tbasTan, rom didi su-
lisTvis rCeva ekiTxaT. Tan iq samkurnalo balaxebs eZebdnen, iq-
ve poulobdnen avi sulebis sawinaaRmdegoo avgarozebs, iq xvde-
bodnen gardacvalebulTa sulebs da maTi ambavi SinaurebTan mih-
qondaT. borot adamianTa sulebi kvamlsa da orTqlSi trialeb-
dnen tbis SuagulSi amoziduli kldis Tavze. cdilobdnen, Tavi-
anTi wilxvedri sasjelisTvis Tavi daeRwiaT, magram didi suli
gamudmebiT abrunebda ukan.
imaT sulebs, vinc alalmarTlad icxovres, SeeZloT ro-
gorc undodaT, ise emxiarulaT, efrinaT tbaze, mTidan mTaze,
xevebze. zogierTi tbaze kanoebiT dacuravda da Tevzs iWerdnen,
zogni – frinvelebiviT dastrialebdnen tbas da erTi mTis
mwvervalidan meoreze dafrinavdnen, zogic – tyeSi nadirobda
irmisa da daTvis sulebze.
es yvelaferi uxucesebma mouTxres TavianT xalxs. didi
sulis kanoni ambobso: uxucesTa garda arcerTi kaci ar unda
gaekaros micvalebulTa saxls da didi sulis sacxovrebel ad-
gils. Tu vinmem es kanoni daarRvia, sikvdili ar ascdeba da misi
suli kldis SuagulSi abrialebul maradiul cecxlSi moxvde-
bao.
yvela klamatels sjeroda misnebis, magram ori monadire
mainc gamoCnda iseTi, rom ar irwmunes maTi sityva. es monadire-
ebi yvelaze mZvinvare mxecebs xocavdnen tyeebSi, yvelaze Zlieri
meomrebis skalpebi ekidaT sartylebze. maT yvela mteri daamar-
cxes da ukve aRaravisi SiSi aRara hqondaT. hoda, am monadireeb-
ma moiwadines, wasuliyvnen da sulebis is wminda adgili enaxaT.
monadireebma datoves klamatis tbis axlo mdgari TavianTi
qoxebi da tyis bilikebiT Seuyvnen mTaTa mwvervalebs, romlebic
maTi gadmocemis mixedviT icodnen, tbas uzarmazari Tasis napi-
rebiviT Semortymodnen. didxans mifofxavdnen monadireebi sulTa
samyaros ferdobebze. Tumca yurebSi edgaT uxucesTa gafrTxi-
leba, mainc gabedulad miiwevdnen win.
bolos, bolos, rogorc iyo, tyis napiras gavidnen da Za-
lian dabla lurji tba dainaxes. yvelaferi ise iyo, rogorc
uxucesni ambobdnen. tbis zedapirze da mis irgvliv modaraje

150
mTebze sulebi CitebiviT dafrinavdnen, erTmaneTs mxiarulad eZ-
axdnen, maTi xma frinvelTa galobas hgavda. tbidan amoziduliyo
patara mTa. misi mwvervalis napralidan cecxlis enebi da kvam-
lis bolqvebi ityorcneboda. kvamlidan sicocxleSi Cadenil da-
naSaulTa gamo dasjil sulTa yvirili ismoda. uxmod Cascqe-
rodnen monadireebi tbas da Tvali ver moewyvitaT. ise idgnen,
TiTqos kldes Seezardneno. amasobaSi, sanam monadireebi idgnen
da gaocebulebi iyurebodnen, didma sulma Tvali Seaswro da
tbidan amovida, uxmo tbis Ziras gawolil urCxuls da kldeze
mdgar im or monadireze miuTiTa.
arwivis uswrafesad gaqanda urCxuli monadireebisaken.
tbis piras micurda Tu ara, monadireebs Tavze daacxra da erT-
erTi brWyalebSi moiqcia. waiRo gulgaxeTqili monadire da
mTisken gacurda.
meore monadire Tavqudmoglejili gaiqca ukan. damfrTxali
iremiviT mixtoda mTis ferdobze da ganrisxebuli sulTa brboe-
bi miacilebda. monadire sulmouTqmelad Sevarda sofelSi da
xalxs uambo, rom ar daujera misnebsa da did suls, rom ur-
Cxulma amxanagi mostaca. daamTavra Tu ara Txroba, monadire da-
eca da mokvda. ai, ase axda didi sulis winaswarmetyveleba. gar-
dacvlili monadiris suli tbidan amoziduli patara mTis Sua-
gulSi abrialebul cecxlSi Cavarda.
klamatis xalxi arasodes iviwyebda, rac im or monadires
gadaxda Tavs. mas Semdeg sul ramdenime kacma Tu gabeda im tbis
silurjeSi Caxedva, romelsac axla krateris tbas eZaxian.

sai
saidan
dan modi
modis
dis pot
potla
otlaCi
laCi
Crdilo-dasavleT sanapiro

erTxel erTi soflis maxloblad, okeaneze, ucnauri frin-

veli gamoCnda. axalgazrda indielebi napirze gamovidnen, rom
isrebiT ganegmiraT, magram veravin moaxvedra mizanSi.
oqros arwivis msaxuri cisferi Cxikvi yovel diliT uyu-
rebda, rogor cdilobdnen monadireebi ucnauri frinvelis mok-
vlas.

151
 erTxel oqros arwivma Tqva:
- am mSvenier frinvels Cemi Svilebi daiWereno.
- o, ara, Tqven xom sul qalebi gyavTo, - swrafad miugo
Cxikvma.
oqros arwivis qalebi usmendnen am saubars, magram araferi
uTqvamT.
meore diliT ori umcrosi da tyeSi wavida da saRamomde
iq darCnen. amis Semdeg ramdenime dRe zedized iares tyeSi, mag-
ram aravis uTxres, iq ras akeTebdnen.
Tumca isini qalebi iyvnen, warmoidgineT, rom tyeSi isrebsa
Tlidnen! erTxel ki dilauTenia wavidnen tyeSi da rac isari
daamzades, wamoiRes. sofelSi rom Sediodnen, TavianTi kanoebiT
okeaneze micuravdnen da isrebs uSendnen ucnaur frinvels.
qalebma, aravin gvicnoso, garegnoba Seicvales da saxeze
Tmebi Camoiburdes. mere okeanis gaswvriv gacures da Cits mie-
parnen. ufrosma dam mesame isris gasrolaze mokla igi.
saRamos qalebma mamas uTxres:
- ucnauri frinveli movkaliT da tyeSi davmaleT. gvinda,
rom misi Wrel-Wreli frTebi saCuqrad davarigoT. cisfer
Cxikvs xom ar ubrZaneb, xval yvela frinveli dagvipatiJoso?
diliT cisferi Cxikvi frinvelebis dasapatiJeblad gaeSu-
ra. male oqros arwivis saxli frinvelebiT aivso.
- Cemma Svilebma ucnauri WrelfrTiani frinveli mokles.
axla undaT, yvelas saCuqrebi dagirigoTo, - uTxra maT maspin-
Zelma.
gogoebma, marTlac, frinvelebs nair-nairi frTebi dauri-
ges. mindvris torolas yviTeli da yavisferi frTebi aCuqes,
gulwiTelas – wiTeli da yavisferi, WinWraqas – yavisferi,
skvinCas – yviTeli da Savi. da ase, yvelas Tav-Tavisi Sesaferi
bumbuli misces.
mas aqeT frinvelebs sxvadasxvanairi frTebi aqvT. potla-
Cic aqedan modis.
es iyo pirveli potlaCi. stumrad miwveulebma maspinZlisa-
gan maSin pirvelad miiRes saCuqrebi.

152
 rogo
rogor
gor gaC
gaCndne
aCndnen
ndnen ada
adami
damia
mianebi
nebi da sai
saidan
dan war
warmo
armoiS
moiSvne
iSvnen
vnen inke
inkebi
kebi
andebis mTianeTi

amboben, yvela suldgmuli, adamianic da cxovelic, war-

Rvnis dros daiRupa, wyalma yvelaze maRali mTebic ki dafarao.
gadarCa mxolod erTi mamakaci da erTi qali, romlebsac Turme
kidobanisTvis SeefarebinaT Tavi. roca wyalma iklo, qarma kido-
bani kuskodan samocdaaTi ligaTi daSorebul uanakosTan gariya.
yovelive arsebulis Semqmnelma maT ubrZana, am adgilas darCeni-
liyvnen da mitimaed qceuliyvnen.
tiauanakoSic RmerTma Seqmna iqauri tomebi. saTiTaod Zer-
wavda Tixisgan TiToeuli tomis TiTo-TiTo kacs da im tansac-
melsac axatavda, romlebic maT unda etarebinaT. visac grZeli
Tma unda hqonoda, grZel Tmas ukeTebda, visac SekreWili – imaT
mokleTmians Zerwavda. TiToeul am xalxs man misca Tavisi ena,
simRerebi, saWmeli da Tesleuli.
roca Semoqmedma es samuSao daasrula, yovel maTgans –
qalsa Tu kacs, – suli STabera, gaacocxla da ubrZana, miwaSi
CamZvraliyvnen. mere ki TiToeuli tomi im adgilas gamovida mi-
widan, sadac nabrZanebi hqonda.
amboben, zogi gamoqvabulidan gamovida, zogi – mTa-gorebi-
dan da wyaroebidan, zogic xeebidano. gamovidnen da daiwyes gam-
ravleba. is adgilebi ki, saidanac isini warmoiSvnen, Tayvanisce-
mis adgilebad iqca. TiToeulma xalxma aq daayena Tavisi uaka da
tansacmliT Semosa isini.
gadmogvcemen, TiTqos is pirveli adamianebi, im adgilebSi
rom daibadnen, iqve qvebad gadaiqcneno. sxvani ki amboben, Sevar-
dnebad, kondorebad da sxvadasxva frinvelebad Tu cxovelebad
gadaiqcneno. amitomacaa, rom sxvadasxva xalxs sxvadasxvagvari
uaka hyavs.
amboben, Semoqmedi tiauanakoSi cxovrobdao da amitom aris
iq gansacvifrebeli, didebuli nagebobani. am Senobebze indielTa
tansacmelebia gamosaxuli. bevria qvis kacebi da qalebi. isini
urCobisaTvis gaaqvavao Semoqmedma.
gadmogvcemen, manamde mze ar iyo da qveynierebaze sibnele
mefobdao. Semoqmedma ki mzec gaakeTa, mTvarec, varskvlavebic da
ubrZana, iqve axlos mdebare kunZul titakaze wasuliyvnen, raTa
mere iqidan zecaSi afreniliyvnen. imasac amboben, roca adamianis
saxis mbrwyinavi mnaTobi zecisken miemarTeboda, man mouxmo in-

153
kebsa da maT belad manko kapaks da uTxra: „Sena da Seni STamo-
mavloba ibatonebs da mraval xalxs daipyrobs. miguleT mamad,
Tqven ki Cemi Svilebi iqnebiT, pativi meciT, rogorc sakuTar ma-
maso“. esa Tqva da manko kapaks warCinebis niSnebi da iaraRebi
uboZa. wuTic da mzem, mTvarem da varskvlavebma Tav-TavianTi ad-
gilebi daikaves caze.
xolo manko kapaki, rogorc Semoqmedma ubrZana, Tavisi da-
ZmebiT CaeSva da pakarai-tambos gamoqvabulidan gamovida (Tumca
imasac amboben, sxva xalxebic am gamoqvabulidan gamovidneno).
aqedanve amovida pirveli mze, roca Semoqmedma erTmaneTisgan ga-
TiSa dRe da Rame.
ai, ratom uwodeben inkebs mzis Svilebs da ratom scemdnen
isini Tayvans mzes.

rogo
rogor
gor gaC
gaCnda
aCnda mze da mTva
mTvare
vare
meqsika

amboben, winaT dedamiwaze naTeli dRe ar iyoo. erT dRes

RmerTebi Seikribnen teotihuakanSi da gamarTes bWoba, romeli
gaanaTebda msoflios. RmerTma tekukisekatlma Tqva:
- msoflios me gavanaTebo.
isev gamarTes bWoba RmerTebma da meorejer ikiTxes, kidev
xom aravis surs, msoflio gaanaToso. erTmaneTs gadaxedes, mag-
ram aravin gamoCenila mamaci: yvelas SeeSinda da uari Tqva.
erTi RmerTi, romelsac cudi avadmyofoba sWirda da yve-
las ejavreboda, ijda da xmas ar iRebda, sxvebis naTqvams ismen-
da mxolod. RmerTebi miutrialdnen da mas hkiTxes:
- nanauacin, Senc Tanaxma xaro?
igi maSinve daemorCila da Tqva:
- Tqvens winadadebas did mowyalebad vRebulob, Tqveni neba
iyoso.
orive amorCeuli RmerTi maSinve monaniebis ceremonials
Seudga, rac oTx dRes gagrZelda. cecxli gaaCaRes mTaze, ro-
melsac teoteskalis – RmerTebis mTas eZaxian. RmerTma tekuki-
sekatlma Seswira Zvirfaseuloba: yvavilebis nacvlad kecalis
mSvenieri frTebi miitana: Calis burTebis magier – oqros sfe-

154
roebi. agavis eklebis magivrad, romliTac sisxli unda daeRvara,
- Zvirfasi qvebis bunikebi da wiTeli niJaris eklebi. misi Sewi-
ruli kopalic yvelaze saukeTeso iyo.
avadmyofma RmerTma nanauacinma totebis magivrad lerwmis
cxra Rero miitana, Calis burTebi da misive sisxlnapkurebi aga-
vis eklebi, kopalis magierad ki – Tavisi wylulebis fufxi da
Cirqi.
orive RmerTisaTvis aages piramida. oTxi dRe da oTxi Rame
dahyves aq locvasa da marxulobaSi. roca daTqmulma dReebma
ganvlo, am adgilis garSemo mohfines orive RmerTis Sesawiravi
totebi da yvavilebi.
meore dRes, SuaRame gadavida Tu ara, rituali unda dawye-
buliyo. tekukisekatls frTebisagan damzadebuli mSvenieri tan-
sacmeli da TeTri, rbili qsovilis kurtaki moutanes. nanauaca-
nis Tavze qaRaldis qudi daaxures, saTeZoe Semoartyes da qa-
Raldis mosasxami moasxes.
SuaRamisas RmerTebi oTxi dRis danTebul cecxls Semoex-
vivnen. mere gaiyvnen da cecxlis orive mxares or mwkrivad Ca-
rigdnen. rCeulni win gamovidnen da cecxlis pirispir dadgnen
RmerTebis mwkrivebs Soris. tekukisekatls rom miuaxlovdnen,
RmerTebma SesZaxes:
tekukisekatl, cecxlSi Caxti!
tekukisekatlma scada cecxlSi Caxtoma, magram cecxli Za-
lian didi iyo. RmerTs SeeSinda cecxlisa da ukan daixia. moik-
riba vaJkacoba da kidev scada cecxlSi Caxtoma, magram axlos
rom mivida, mainc ver gaebeda. tekkisekatlma oTxjer scada cec-
xlSi Cavardna, magram amaod, Cveuleba ki ukrZalavda metjer
cdas.
maSin RmerTebma nanauacanis SesZaxes:
- nanauacan, axla Sen scade!
am sityvebis warmoTqma Zlivs moaswres rom nanauacinma Za-
la moikriba, Tvalebi daxuWa da cecxlSi gadaeSva. iseTi tkaca-
ni ismoda, gegonebodaT, raRacas xrakaveno. tekukisekatlma rom
dainaxa, meore RmerTi Caxta cecxlSi da iwviso, gaqanda da Tvi-
Tonac Cavarda.
amboben, cecxlSi arwivic Camxtara da frTebi imitom aqvs
Savio. mere cecxlSi iaguaric moxvedrila, magram ar damwvara,
mxolod tyavi Seetrusa. amitom aqvs iaguars tyavze muqi da ba-
ci laqebi.

155
 danarCeni RmerTebi ki isxdnen da elodnen, radgan swamdaT,
rom nanauacini male avidoda caSi. didxans elodnen. bolos ca
wiTlad gadanaTda da momlodine RmerTebma ganTiadi dainaxes.
maT muxli moiyares da mzed gadaqceul nanauacinis daelodnen.
Tumca RmerTebma isic ar icodnen, saidan gamoCndeboda mze. zogi
CrdiloeTisaken iyureboda, zogi samxreTisaken. mTel horizonts
gahyurebdnen, radgan sinaTle yoveli mxridan Canda, zogierTi
RmerTi aRmosavleTidan iyureboda da amtkicebda, mze aqedan amo-
vao. isini marTlebi gamodgnen.
mze rom amovida, alisferi iyo da irxeoda. mis kaSkaSa
sxivebs Tvals veravin gausworebda. sxivebi swrafad aRwevda
yvelgan. male amovida mTvarec, isic aRmosavleTidan. iseve moy-
vnen erTmaneTs, rogorc RmerTebi cecxlSi Cacvivdnen. amboben,
mze da mTvare maSin erTnairad kaSkaSebdneno. RmerTebma SeamCnies
es da daiwyes bWoba: ra vqnaT? isini sxvadasxvanairad unda ana-
Tebdneno. ifiqres, ifiqres da bolos Tqves: ai, ras vizamTo! –
erTi gaiqca da tekukisekatls saxeSi kurdReli esrola. mTvare
Cabnelda, dakarga brwyinvaleba da iseTi gaxda, rogorsac axla
vxedavT.
acurdnen mze da mTvare maRla da uZravad gaCerdnen. isev
Seqmnes RmerTebma bWoba: „SegviZlia ase cxovreba? mze erT adgi-
las dgas. modi, yvelani erTad davixocoT, rom Cvenma sikvdilma
acocxlos es mnaTobebi!”
erT RmerTs, saxelad Solotls, ar undoda sikvdili da
sxvebs uTxra: `RmerTebo, me ar minda sikvdili!” daiwyo tirili
da manamde itira, sanam Tvalebi ar gadmoscvivda. am dros qarma
daqrola da RmerTebs sicocxle waarTva. roca RmerTebis mkvle-
li qari Solotls miuaxlovda, RmerTi gaiqca, simindSi daimala
da im orReroiani mcenaris taroebad iqca. aseT mcenares glexe-
bi axla Solotls eZaxian. roca simindis taroebi ipoves, So-
lotli isev gaiqca da agavis Ziras daimala. iq orReroian aga-
vad iqca. mas axla Solotls eZaxian. agavaSic rom ipoves, wyal-
Si Caxta da Tevzad iqca. am Tevzs axla Solotls eZaxian. bo-
los qarma uwia RmerTs da mokla.
RmerTebi daixocnen, magram mze mainc uZravad idga. maSin
qarma ise swrafad dabera, ise daqrola, rom uZravi mnaTobi da-
iZra da Tavis gzas gaudga. mTvare isev Tavis adgilas idga, igi
mxolod maSin daiZra, roca mzem daasrula Tavis gza. ase gaiy-

156
vnen isini da mas Semdeg sxvadasxva dros gamoCndebian xolme.
mze mTeli dRea caze, mTvare ki mxolod RamiT anaTebs.
amboben, tekukisekatli mze iqneboda, cecxlSi pirveli rom
Cavardniliyo, radgan RmerTebma igi pirvelad airCies da ceremo-
niis dros Sesawiravadac Zvirfaseuloba miitanao.

rogo
rogor
gor ubiZ
ubiZge
iZges
ges cas
Crdilo-dasavleT sanapiro

upirveles yovlisa, Semqmnelma Tu gardamqmnelma, samyaro

Seqmna. pirvelad Seqmna aRmosavleTSi. Semdeg nel-nela gamoemar-
Ta dasavleTiT. gzad yvelafers qmnida da aCenda. mravali ena
moitana Tan da Tavisive Seqmnil xalxs sxvadasxva enas aZlevda.
piujet saundamde rom mivida, ise moewona iqauroba, was-
vla aRar indoma. magram jer kidev bevri ena rCeboda dasarigebe-
li. aiRo da iqve daariga piujet saundis axlomaxlo da cota
CrdiloeTiT, mdinaris sanapiroze. amitomaa, rom piujet saundis
miwa-wyalze mosaxle indielebi amden enaze laparakoben.
xalxs erTmaneTTan dalaparakeba uWirda, magram male mix-
vdnen, rom Semqmnelis dalagebuli samyaro ar moswondaT, ca me-
tismetad dabla iyo da maRali kaci Tavs urtyamda. zogjer ki
xeze asuli kaci ciur samyaroSi xvdeboda.
erTxelac yvela tomis brZeni erTad Seiyara da gamarTes
bWoba, rogor aewiaT ca. gadawyvites, SevudgeT da xeli wavkra-
To.
- Cven SegviZlia, ca avwioT, - Tqva sabWoze erTma Zalian
brZenma indielma. – Tu erTdroulad vkravT xelebs, yvelani un-
da SevikriboTo, adamianebica da nadir-frinvelebico.
- rogor gavigoT, rodis vkravT xels? – ikiTxa meore
brZenma. – erTni ager vcxovrobT, meoreni iqiT. sxvadasxva enaze
vlaparakobT. rogor movaxerxoT, rom yvelam erTdroulad hkras
xeli caso?
mTeli sabWo Cafiqrda. bolos erT-erTma brZenma Tqva:

157
 - signali moviSvelioT. xelis wakvris dro rom mova, vin-
mem iyviros `ia-hu”. es yvela Cvens enaze niSnavs `aba, erTad!” da
cas vubiZgebTo.
sabWos brZenma wevrebma Seatyobines yvela xalxs, nadirsa
da frinvels, rodis aewiaT ca. yvelam moimaraga alvis xis uS-
velebeli Woki, rom ca aewiaT.
dadga cis awevis dRe. yvelam daiWira Woki da Seuyenes
cas. brZenma daiyvira: `ia-hu!” yvelam ubiZga da cam cotaTi ai-
wia. `ia-hu!” daiyvira brZenma xelaxla, isev yvelam ubiZga cas,
cac iwevda da iwevda. manamde ubiZges, sanam iq ar dadga, sadac
dResaa. mas Semdeg aRaravis aurtyams Tavi cisTvis da aRaravin
moxvedrila ciur samyaroSi.
iyvnen iseTebic, vinc ar icoda, rom cas maRla swevdnen.
magaliTad, sami monadire zedized ramdenime dRe oTx dombas
dasdevda. da swored im dros, roca kaci da qali, cxoveli da
frinveli cis asawevad mzad iyvnen, dombebica da monadireebic im
adgilas moewyvnen, sadac ca TiTqmis dedamiwas uerTdeboda.
dombebi gadaxtnen ciur samyaroSi da monadireebic Tan mihyvnen.
cam rom aiwia, dombebica da monadireebic Tan gahyvnen.
iq, ciur samyaroSi varskvlavebad iqcnen. Rame axlac Canan.
monadireebi didi daTvis Tanavarskvlavedis CamCis tarad iqcnen.
SuaTana monadires ZaRli axlda; es ZaRli axla patara
varskvlavia. oTxi domba – didi daTvis Tanavarskvlavedis CamCa.
iseTebic iyvnen, TavianTi kanoeTi ciur samyaroSi rom amoh-
yves Tavi. iq moxvda ori kanoe, sam-sami kaciT, da patara Tev-
zic. monadireebica da patara ZaRlic, dombebica da Tevzic, ada-
mianebica da kanoebic, yvela varskvlavebad iqca da axlac iq
arian.
Cven ki dRemde vyviriT `ia-hu!” roca raime Znel tvirTs
veWidebiT. magaliTad, roca kanoes maRla vwevT. vityviT, `hu”-s
da mTel Zal-Rones vikrebT. sityvis am nawilis Tqmisas Cveni
xma ufro mkveTrdeba, `u”-s ki vagrZelebT, amitom Cveni SeZaxi-
li Zalian gabmulad ismis: `ia-hu-u!”

158
 rogo
rogor
gor moi
moipare
pares
res ada
adami
damia
mianebma
nebma cecxli
ecxli
brazilia

uZveles droSi kavaibis tomis mkvidrni sakvebs mzeze ax-

mobdnen Turme, cecxli jer ar hqondaT.
kavaibis tomis beladi, moxerxebuli da Wkviani baira er-
Txel “saeSmakod” tyeSi wavida. kavaibis indielTa Soris eSmako-
bad iseTi oinis Cadena iTvleboda, rac rame sasargeblos miscem-
da xalxs, rame axals aswavlida.
baira Caimarxa WianWvelas budeSi da Tavi moimkvdaruna.
uceb saidanRac leSis buzi gaCnda da, cxedari dainaxa Tu ara,
maSinve gafrinda, rom es ambavi Savi faskunjisTvis – urubus-
Tvis Seetyobinebina.
im dros cecxlis mflobeli mxolod urubu iyo. mas cec-
xli frTebqveS hqonda amofarebuli da mudam Tan daatarebda.
urubum moismina buzis naambobi, frTa gaSala da Tavisi
col-SviliT dedamiwaze Camofrinda. es frinveli Zalian hgavda
adamians. maSin Turme xelebic ki hqonia. urubum xorcis Sesawva-
vad xarixa gaakeTa, qveS cecxli SeunTo da Svilebs ubrZana,
uyarauleTo.
patara faskunjebi fxizlad darajobdnen cecxls. uceb Se-
amCnies, rom mkvdari Seirxa. es ambavi urubus uTxres, urubum
ar daijera, mogCvenebiaTo. mere Svilebs ubrZana, cxedars buzi
rom axvevia, mSvild-isriT daxoceTo. amasobaSi cecxli kargad
gaCaRda, bairasac swored es undoda: Tvalis daxamxamebaSi wa-
moxta, daavlo cecxls xeli da gaitaca. urubu col-SviliT
ukan gamoudga. baira xis fuRuroSi SeZvra da daimala. urubu
da misi col-Svilic apirebdnen fuRuroSi Sesvlas, magram baira
fuRuros meore mxridan gaZvra da TavpirismtvreviT gairbina
xSiri bambukis Wala. urubum sdia, sdia, magram ver daewia. bai-
ram es Walac gadaWra da Zalian did mdinares miadga, mdinaris
gaRma kavaibis tomi eloda. saocnebo cecxls bevri, Zalian bevri
xalxi ucdida. beladi ki idga da fiqrobda, mdinareze cecxli
rogor gadavitanoo.
ifiqra, ifiqra da bolos wylis gveli ixmo. cecxli zur-
gze daado da meore napirisaken gagzavna.
wylis gveli Zalian swrafia, talRebze isariviT gasrial-
da, magram vidre Sua mdinaremde miaRwevda, cecxlma dawva. maSin
bairam moimarjva kambito – bolokauWiani grZeli joxi (aseT

159
joxebs mudam Tan daatarebdnen kavaibis tomis mkvidrni) – da
cecxli isev Tavisken moacura. mere sxva gvelebi gaagzavna meore
napirisken, magram vercerTma ver miaRwia mdinaris meore napirs,
Sua mdinaremde micuravdnen da ixrukebodnen. baira kambitos
daxmarebiT isev ukan ibrunebda cecxls. amis Semdeg bairam kibo
daiWira, daado cecxli zurgze da wyalSi SeuSva. kibom Zlivs
miaRwia Sua mdinaremde, mere ki veRar gauZlo cecxls da daiw-
va.
bairam isev miiwoda cecxli, mere ki kiborCxala daiWira,
daado cecxli zurgze da gauSva. kiborCxalamac Zlivs miaRwia
Sua mdinaremde, isic kibosaviT daiwva. bairam daibruna cecxli,
axla wylis qaTams daado zurgze da gauSva. wylis qaTami Zali-
an swrafia, uceb miaRwia Sua mdinares, magram Sua mdinareSi
isic daiwva. maSin bairam didi gombeSo – kururu daiWira. gom-
beSom xtunva-xtunviT miaRwia meore napirs, sadac kavaibis tomi
cecxls eloda, magram wyalSi mgzavrobisas isic ise daiqanca,
cocxalmkvdariviT iyo, da napirze asvla ver SeZlo. kavaibis
xalxma kambito SeaSvela da napirze aiyvana. mere cecxli aiRes
da TavianT did saxlSi waiRes. im saxlSi mTeli kavaibis tomi
erTad cxovrobda.
baira ki am dros mdinaris gaRma idga da fiqrobda, am si-
gane mdinare swrafad rogor gavcuroo. magram baira xom jado-
qari iyo. brZana da mdinare daviwrovda. mere iskupa da erTi
naxtomiT zed gadaevlo.
ase moipova kavaibis tomma cecxli. im dRidan iswavla am
xalxma Tevzisa da frinvelis Sewva xarixaze.

koi
koioti da arwi
arwivi
wivi gardac
ardacvlil
dacvlilTa
vlilTa qveya
veyana
yanaSi
naSi
Crdilo-dasavleT sanapiro

erTxel, qveynad mxolod cxovelTa naTesavi rom cxovrobda,

koiotma Zlier moiwyina, radgan xalxi ixoceboda da sulebis
qveyanaSi saxldeboda. mowyenili koioti imaze fiqrobda, gar-
dacvlilebi cocxalTa qveyanas rogor davubrunoo. TviTon koi-
ots da hyavda mkvdari da ramdenime megobari. Turme arwivsac

160
mokvdomoda coli, Zalian dardobda da sul tiroda. nugeSi rom
eca, koiotma arwivs uTxra:
- gardacvlilebi samudamod rodi darCebian micvalebulTa
qveyanaSi. isini foTlebiviT arian, Semodgomaze rom cvivian xee-
bidan damWknari, gayviTlebulni, usicocxloni. dabrunebiT ki
kvlav dabrundebian, roca balaxi abibindeba da Citebi aWikWikde-
bian, kvirtebi daiberebian da daskdebian, yvavilebi gaifurCqnebi-
an, ai, maSin dagvibrundebian micvalebulnio.
magram arwivs ar surda, gazafxulamde ecada. undoda, dau-
yovnebliv gacocxlebuliyvnen mkvdrebi. ra meti gza iyo, adgnen
koioti da arwivi da gaudgnen micvalebulTa qveynis gzas. koio-
ti mirboda, arwivi ki mis zemoT mifrinavda. bevri iares Tu co-
ta, erT uzarmazar wyalsatevs miadgnen. gaRma napirze uamravi
saxli moCanda.
koiotma gasZaxa:
- ei, navi gamogzavneT da gamosvla gviSveleTo!
aravis upasuxia.
- iq aravinac ar aris, tyuilad gamoviareT amxela gza, -
Tqva arwivma.
- ara, maT sZinavT, - auxsna koiotma, - mkvdrebs dRisiT sZi-
navT, RamiT ki fxizloben. daRamebas unda davelodoT.
mze rom Cavida, koiotma simRera wamoiwyo. male saxlebidan
oTxi suli gamovida, Casxdnen navebSi da maTken gamoemarTnen. ko-
ioti ki ganagrZobda simReras. mas sulebic ahyvnen, simReris
taqts niCbebi aayoles. Tumca navi uniCbodac micuravda – Tavi-
siT mosrialebda wylis zedapirze.
roca sulebi napirs miadgnen, koioti da arwivi Casxdnen nav-
Si da yvelani gaRma napirisken gaemarTnen. micvalebulTa kun-
Zuls rom miuaxlovdnen, dafdafebis griali da sacekvao musikis
xmebi moesmaT.
- saxlSi nu SexvalT, - gaafrTxiles isini sulebma, roca
napirs miadgnen. – nurc aqeT-iqiT daiwyebT mzeras. Tvalebi da-
xuWuli gqondeT, radgan axla wminda adgilas varTo.
- ho, magram Zalian rom gvciva da gvSia? neba mogveciT, Se-
movideTo, - Seevedrnen arwivi da koioti.
raRas izamdnen, SeuSves gamWvirvale Wilobisgan gakeTebul
did vigvamSi. Turme swored aq cekvavdnen sulebi dafdafebis
xmaze. viRac moxucma qalma mownuli boTliT cotaodeni lom-

161
Tevzas qoni moitana, TviTonve awebda Sig frinvelis frTas da
manam aWmevda stumrebs, vidre daanayrebda.
mere arwivma da koiotma iqauroba moaTvalieres. vigvami Sig-
nidan Zalian lamazi iyo da uamravi sulebi trialebdnen. yvela-
ni sadResaswaulod iyvnen morTul-mokazmulni, niJarebisa da
dombis kbilebis samkaulebi ekeTaT, saxeebi moxatuli hqondaT,
TmaSi ki frTebi gaerWoT. vigvams mTvare dahnaToda Tavze da er-
Tianad gaCaxCaxebuli iyo. mTvares gverdiT bayayi ejda da Tvals
adevnebda mTvares, momRerlebsa da mocekvaveebs kargad gaunaTo-
so.
arwivma da koiotma zogierT sulSi TavianTi Zveli megobre-
bi Seicnes, magram mosulebs aravin aqcevda yuradRebas. arc is
SeumCnevia vinmes, koiotma rom Tan kalaTa moitana. am kalaTiT
igi sulebis wayvanas apirebda ukan, cocxlebis qveyanaSi.
gamTeniis xans sulebma datoves vigvami da wavidnen, mTeli
dRe unda sZinebodaT. koiotma dro ixelTa, mokla bayayi, gaat-
yava da mis tyavSi TviTon gaexvia. Sebindebisas ki sulebi kvlav
dabrundnen vigvamSi da mTeli Rame isev cekvavdnen da mRerodnen.
maT ar icodnen, rom mTvaris gverdiT bayayis tyavSi gaxveuli
koioti idga.
gaxurebuli cekva-TamaSis dros koiotma gadaylapa mTvare da
sibneleSi arwivi sulebis daWeras Seudga. daiWerda Tu ara, ko-
ioti maSinve kalaTaSi CauZaxebda da mWidrod axuravda Tavs. me-
re arwivic da koiotic cocxlebis qveynisken gamoemarTnen. ka-
laTa koiots mohqonda.
karga manZili rom gamoiares, uecrad kalaTidan xmauri moes-
maT. gaCerdnen da yuri miugdes.
- micvalebulni cocxldebian, - Tqva koiotma.
kidev gaiares cota manZili da isev SemoesmaT xmebi kalaTi-
dan. sulebi TavianT beds uCiodnen.
- mjgvlemen da xelsa mkraven, - Tqva erTma.
- me ki fexi matkines, - daikvnesa meorem.
- me ki xel-fexi wamacales, - daiCivla mesamem.
- axadeT Tavi kalaTas da amogviSviT! – daiyvira bolos ram-
denime sulma erTad.
koioti daiRala, aRar SeeZlo damZimebuli kalaTis tareba,
sulebi xom TandaTan cocxldebodnen.
- modi, amovuSvaTo, - Tqva koiotma.
- ara, ara, - saCqarod miaZaxa arwivma.

162
 cota xanic da koiotma kalaTa miwaze dadga – Zalian damZi-
mebuliyo.
- modi, amovuSvaT, - gaimeora koiotma. – Cven axla ise Sor-
sa varT sulebis qveynidan, rom isini ukan mainc veRar dabrun-
debiano.
gaxsnes kalaTa, magram gacocxlebuli micvalebulebi isev
sulebad iqcnen da qariviT mokurcxles ukan, micvalebulTa kun-
Zulisaken.
is iyo arwivs unda esayvedura, rom koiotis naTqvami gaax-
senda:
- axla Semodgomaa. foTlebi gardacvlilTa msgavsad dabla
cvivian. davelodoT gazafxuls. roca kvirtebi isev gaiSleba da
yvavilebic gaifurCqnebian, maSin davbrundeT micvalebulTa qveya-
naSi da xelaxla vcadoT bedio.
- ara, - miugo koiotma, - daviRale. dae, gardacvlilni uku-
niTi ukunisamde darCnen micvalebulTa qveyanaSi.
da koiotma daakanona, gardacvlilebi aRarasodes dabrune-
bodnen cocxlebs. mas rom kalaTa ar gaexsna da sulebi ar amo-
eSva, mkvdrebi yovel gazafxulze aRdgebodnen, rogorc coc-
xldebian balaxebi, yvavilebi da xeebi.

Svidi
vidi eSma
eSmaki
makis
kis mTe
mTebi
Tebi
Crdilo-dasavleT sanapiro

bevri, bevri wlis winaT, roca qveyana jer kidev Zalian

axalgazrda iyo, lurj mTebSi Svidi Zma-goliaTi cxovrobda. es
Svidive urCxuli simaRliT yvelaze tanayril fiWvebsac sWar-
bobda, simZlavriT – yvelaze magar muxas.
Zvel xalxs eSinoda Zmebis, radgan isini Svilebs uWamdnen.
Zmebi yovel weliwads aRmosavleTidan miemarTebodnen da, rac
gzad xvdebodaT, erTianad nTqavdnen. dedebi Svilebs saxlidan
Sors miarbeninebdnen dasamalavad, magram bavSvebis umetesoba ma-
inc am gigantTa brWyalebSi xvdeboda. sagonebelSi Cacvivdnen
soflis uxucesebi: - Cveni tomisagan sul male kaci aRar dar-

163
Ceba cocxalio, - fiqrobdnen, magram, aba, vis Seswevda Zala, rom
Svidive goliaTs erTad gamklaveboda!
bolos uxucesebma gadawyvites, daxmareba koiotisTvis eTxo-
vaT.
koioti Cveni megobaria, man yvela urCxuli daamarcxa da
Cvenc gadagvarCens im Svidi bumberazisgano.
uxucesebi koiotTan mividnen, gviSveleo.
aucileblad giSveliT. gixsniT Svidi bumberazisgano, - Se-
pirda koioti, magram sinamdvileSi ar icoda, rogor unda moq-
ceuliyo. marTalia, bevri ebrZola da yvela tbisa Tu mdinaris
urCxuli daemarcxebina, magram axla erTbaSad Svid urCxuls
rogor Sebmoda, - ai, es ar icoda koiotma.
bevri fiqris Semdeg adga koioti da rCeva Tavis guliTad
megobar melas sTxova.
- jer Svidi Rrma ormo unda gavWraT im gzaze, romliTac
goliaTebi aRmosavleTiT miemarTebian xolme, Semdeg Svidive or-
mo mduRare talaxiT gavavsoTo, - urCia melam.
Svidi ormos gasaWrelad koiotma yvela brWyalebian mxecs
mouyara Tavi. miiyvana Taxvebi, zazunebi, pumebi, daTvebi, Tagvebi,
virTagvebi da Txunelebic ki ar daiviwya. Semdeg ormoebi mowi-
Talo-yviTeli wumpeTi gaavso, misma megobarma melam ki Sig ga-
varvarebuli qvebi Cayara wumpis asaduReblad.
dadga goliaTebis aRmosavleTisken wasvlis dro. maTac cad
aaRires Tavebi da amayad gaudgnen gzas, - darwmunebulni iyvnen,
veravin gabedavs Cvenze Tavdasxmaso. am dros buCqebidan koioti
da mela uTvalTvalebdnen.
hoda, ufro da ufro Rrmad eflobodnen goliaTebi mduRare
wumpiT savse ormoebSi. tyuilad farTxalebdnen da cdilobdnen
amosvlas, - ormoebi Zalian Rrma iyo. Zal-Rone rom gamoecalaT,
goliaTebi Rrialsa da xelebis qnevas mohyvnen. iseTi yofa dai-
wies da ise farTxalebdnen, mTeli is aremare erTi dRis saval-
ze im mowiTalo wumpiT mowuwes.
koioti Tavisi samalavidan rom gamovida, goliaTebi miyuC-
dnen, - isini kargad cnobdnen koiots.
- Tqveni Seubraleblobis sanacvlod dagsajeT ase, - uTxra
koiotma, - amasac ar gakmarebT: Svid mTad, Zalian maRal mTebad
gaqcevT da xalxis TvalSi sacemad dagayenebT, rom Tqvens Sem-
xedvareT gaaxsendeT, yvela avis mqmnels ueWvelad miezRveba sa-
magiero. Tqven ki, boroteba kvlav rom aRaravis miayenoT, Rrma

164
xeobebiT SemogzRudavT da Tqveni ojaxidan vercerTi veRaraso-
des gamoaRwevs am ufskrulebso.
koiotis brZanebiT goliaTebi ufro gamaRldnen da Svid
mwvervalad iqcenen.
Semdeg koiotma, rac Zala da Rone hqonda, miwas dahkra. miwa
gaibzara da Svidi mTis irgvliv Rrma kanioni gaCnda.
axla am mTebs Svidi eSmaki hqvia, mTebis Ziras gayolebul
TvalCauwvdenel xeobas – gvelis mdinaris qajis kanioni. is mo-
wiTalo wumpe ki, Svidma goliaTma irgvliv rom mimoasxa, spi-
lenZia. spilenZi axlac ulevelia maRaroebSi.

rogo
rogor
gor gax
gaxda
axda ko
koiioti gansa
ansakuT
sakuTre
kuTrebu
rebuli
buli Zali
Zalis
lis pat
patro
atroni
roni
Crdilo-dasavleT sanapiro

qveynierebis dasawyisSi sulTa beladma Tavi mouyara cxovel-

Ta naTesavs.
- zogierTebs saxeli ar gaqvT, zogierTs ki Tavisi saxeli
ar moswons. xval, mzis amosvlamde, yvelas dagirigebT saxelebs,
kidev saTiTaod isars mogcemT. dilaze, ganTiadamde, modiT Cems
vigvamTan. vinc pirveli mova, Tavisi survilis mixedviT airCevs
saxels, Tanac yvelaze grZel isars miiRebs. grZeli isari ki
imis niSani iqneba, rom mis mflobels sxvebze meti Zala eqnebao.
cxovelTa sanaTesao rom wavid-wamovida, koiotma Tavis mego-
bar melas uTxra:
- gadavwyvite, pirveli movide. Cemi saxeli ar momwons, minda
an daTvi-grizli merqvas, an arwivio.
- aravin Segecileba Sens saxelSi, - gaecina melas – girCev-
nia, isev Senive daitovoo.
- pirveli moval, - gaimeora koiotma, - mTel Rames ar davi-
Zineb da pirveli movalo.
marTlac, mTeli Rame TvalmouxuWvelad ijda koconTan. bu
gahkioda Tu WaobSi bayayi yiyinebda, yvelaferi esmoda koiots,
magram varskvlavebma Tvalebi rom moxuWes, dauZleveli Zili da-
eufla, - quTuToebi daumZimda.

165
 quTuToebSi bijgi unda Seviyenoo, - gadawyvita koiotma.
marTlac, aiRo ori patara joxi da Seiyena, axla aRar dameZine-
bao.
koiots mainc daeZina. rom gaeRviZa, mzes dedamiwaze ukve ga-
ewvina grZeli Crdilebi. mTel Rames Riad darCenili Tvalebi
koiots ise amoSroboda, veRarafers xedavda. miuxedavad amisa,
is sulTa beladis vigvamisken gaeqana.
- me daTvi-grizli minda viyoo, - yviroda, Tan egona, yvela-
ze pirveli movedio.
- eg saxeli ukve gacemulia. grizlma yvelaze grZeli isari
miiRo. is cxovelTa beladi iqneba dedamiwaze.
- maSin arwivi merqmeva.
- eg saxelic gacemulia. arwivma meore isari miiRo, is frin-
velTa beladi iqneba.
- maSin oraguli viqnebi.
- eg saxelic gaica ukve. oragulma mesame isari miiRo. igi
TevzTa mefe iqneba. darCenilia erTi yvelaze mokle isari da
erTic saxeli – koioti.
sulTa mefem koiots yvelaze mokle isari misca. koioti
sulTa mefis koconTan waiqca, Tvalebi isev amomSrali hqonda.
sulTa mefes Seecoda koioti da wyali Seasxa. am dros koiots
erTma azrma gauelva: rux daTvs vTxov, saxeli gamicvaloso.
- verao, - miugo ruxma daTvma, - ver gagicvli. es saxeli
TviT sulTa mefem miboZao.
dabrunda koioti da kvlav ganerTxo veeberTela vigvamSi
danTebuli cecxlis win. maSin ki uTxra sulTa beladma:
- me SenTvis gansakuTrebuli Zala Semovinaxe. gangeb movawyve
ise, rom ukanaskneli mosuliyavi. axla erT davalebas mogcem,
risTvisac gansakuTrebuli Zala dagWirdeba. misi daxmarebiT, ra-
dac ginda, imad iqcevi. Tu daxmareba moginda, am Zalas uxme. me-
la iqneba Seni Zmobili da gagiWirdeba Tu ara, SenTan gaCndeba.
Tu mokvdebi, mela SeZlebs, sicocxle dagibrunos. axla tbaze
wadi da oTxi Tevzi daiWire. maTSia Seni Zala. Semdeg ki zus-
tad Seasrule, rasac me getyvio.
ai, rogor gaxda koioti gansakuTrebuli Zalis patroni.

166
 koi
koioti da urCxu
urCxuli
Cxuli mdina
dinare
nare kolum
kolumbi
lumbii
biidan
dan
Crdilo-dasavleT sanapiro

erTxel, Tavisi mogzaurobis Jams koiotma gaigo, rom raRac

urCxuli mdinare kolumbiis axlomaxlo yvelas klavso. daxoci-
lebi imdeni yria, nadiri SiSiT aRar ekareba mdinares da kal-
maxsac aravin iWerso.
- me giSveliT. ar davuSveb imas, rom urCxulma cxovelTa
sanaTesao gaJlitoso! – Tqva koiotma.
magram rogor Seasrulebda amas, TviTonve ar icoda. rCeva
Tavis debs hkiTxa. maT koiotis mucelSi edoT bina. mocvis saxe
hqondaT da amqveynad yvelaferi icodnen. ueWvelad SeeZloT ra-
Rac erCiaT, magram pirvelad uari uTxres:
- rom giTxraT, mere daikvexni, me movifiqreo!
- maSin wvimasa da setyvas dagiSenTo, - daaSina koiotma.
mocvs ki ar uyvars wvima da TqeSi.
- ar mogvivlino wvima da TqeSi, ar mogvivlino wvima da
TqeSi! – Seevedrnen isini. – mogcemT rCevas: waiRe blomad xme-
li fiCxi da fisi, rom koconi gaaCaRo. waiRe xuTi basri dana.
uiSramis axlomaxlo yvelas naSlaxi xocavs. is ylapavs imaT,
vinc kanoeTi Cauvlis. gauSvi, Senc Cagylaposo.
- diax, mec xom ase vfiqrobdi, Cemo debo, Cemi gegmac aseTi-
ao.
koiotma daujera debs. moagrova xmeli fiCxi, fisi, galesa
xuTi dana da gaemgzavra mdinaris SesarTavisaken, sadac cxov-
robda naSlaxi. urCxulma naxa koioti, magram icoda, rom didi
beladi ar iyo da ar Caylapa.
koioti mixvda. urCxuls gaRizianebiT gavabrazebo da dauwyo
lanZRva-gineba, ar daaklo dedamiwis zurgze araferi. gaavda ur-
Cxuli, CaisunTqa haeri da Tan Caayola koioti. koiotma zed
urCxulis xaxasTan Zlivs dabRuja erTi kona fiCxi.
urCxulis stomaqSi uricxvi nadiri ireoda. Zlivs dalasla-
sebdnen mSier-mwyurvalni da siciviTac kankalebdnen. erTni Sim-
Sils SeeRonebina, meoreni – sicives.
- cecxls daginTebT da saWmels mogimzadebT, - uTxra maT
koiotma. sanam gaTbebiT da cotaTi waixemsebT, manam me naSlaxs
movklav. Cemo xalxo, me xom Tqvens dasaxsnelad movedi! male
naxavT Tqvens megobrebso!

167
 koiotma koconi urCxuls pirdapir gulTan SeunTo. akanka-
lebuli mxecebi cecxls mieficxnen. koiotma iZro erTi basri
dana, gauyara gulSi urCxuls, CamoaWra naWrebi da cecxlze da-
awyo Sesawvavad.
sanam mxecebi SeTbnen da danayrdebodnen, koioti im ZarRvs
miadga gadasaWrelad, urCxulis guls sxeulTan rom aerTebda.
koiots erTi dana gautyda. iZro meore, gautyda isic. iZro me-
same, gautyda mesamec, iZro meoTxe, gautyda meoTxec... mxolod
mexuTe daniT gadaWra ZarRvi da guli pirdapir cecxlSi Cavar-
da.
urCxuls rom gausworda, koiotma daaxvela. mTelma cxovel-
Ta modgmam bani misca koiots.
- me giTxariT, gixsniT-meTqi! – xma aimaRla koiotma, mdina-
ris piras rom Semoexvia nadir-frinveli. – axla Tqven icxov-
rebT didxans, didxans da me Tqven saxelebs dagarqmevT.
aravin gamorCenia koiots, yvelas daarqva saxeli.
- SenTvis arwivi damirqmevia, yvelaze mamaci da Seupovari
frinveli iqnebi. Sen daTvi iyavi, mxecTa Soris uZlieresi; Sen
bu gerqvas, avadmyofis didi mkurnali; Sen, mdinaris TevzTa So-
ris udideso, TarTi gewodebodes, Sen ki, yvelaze gemrielo
Tevzo, kalmaxi dagiZaxon.
mere koiotma saxelebi daarqva Taxvs, pumas, irems, kodalas,
cisfer Cxikvs da yvela nadirsa da frinvels. bolos Tqva:
- me koioti merqmeva, yvelaze brZensa da yvelaze eSmaks
mxecTa Soris.
Semdeg urCxuls miubrunda da ubrZana:
- amieridan Sen Zveleburad ver iparpaSeb, Cems xalxs veRar
daRupav. axali Taoba daibadeba amqveynad – adamianTa Taoba; isi-
ni mdinareze icureben, xan aRma avlen, xan daRma Camovlen. Sen
ar unda CaZiro zedized. iSviaT SemTxvevaSi SegiZlia vinme im-
sxverplo. mxolod is kanoe SeajanjRare, romelic Tavze gada-
givlis. yvela kanoem gverdi auaros im morevs, sadac Sen binas
daideb. iSviaTad Tu Seiwirav vinmes. es kanoni saukunoa SenTvis.
amieridan Sen aRara xar iseTi urCxuli, aqamde rom iyavi!
dRemde moqmedebs koiotis es kanoni. urCxuli ver bedavs,
Caylapos adamianebi mas Semdeg, rac koiotma Seuryia Zliereba.
marTalia, zogjer kanoes daiTrevs da adamianebianad gadauZaxebs
xolme mucelSi, magram es iSviaTad xdeba.

168
 Cveulebrivad indielebi TavianT kanoes napirze gamoitanen
xolme, da sanam urCxulis sadgoms gascdebian, xeliT miaTreven.
aravin ar naosnobs mis sacxovrebelTan. ase cxovrobs urCxuli
wyalqveS, magram Zveleburi Zliereba aRara aqvs.
TeTrebma pirveli gemi rom CauSves mdinareSi, naSlaxma Sea-
Cera. indielebma urCies TeTrebs, saWmeli CaeyaraT wyalSi. TeT-
rebi ase moiqcnen. Cayares gembanidan Saqari, fqvili, brinji da
sxva produqtebi. maSin naSlaxma gauSva gemi.

rogo
rogor
gor exma
exmare
marebo
reboda
boda koi
koioti xalxs
Crdilo-dasavleT sanapiro

moxucma samyaro rom Seqmna da cxovelTa naTesavi gaaCina,

maT koioti gaugzavna. uWirda am naTesavs. araferi icodnen da
araferi SeeZloT. hoda, moxucma koiots ubrZana, mTel sanaTesa-
os boroti sulebi kvalSi rom sdeven, mospe da saqmis xerxiani
keTeba aswavleo.
koiotma imiT daiwyo, rom kaSxali daangria, es kaSxali Tax-
vis xuTma colma aaSena kolumbiis qvemo welze.
- ase rogor SeiZleba, yvela oraguli Tqven moaqcieT sagu-
barSi, zemoT xalxi SimSiliT kvdeba.
Tqva esa da xuTive Taxvi lerwmebad aqcia:
- dReidan Tqven lerwmebi iqnebiT, wylis piras ixarebTo.
verc ki moaswro saTqmeli daemTavrebina, rom didi mdinaris
SesarTavidan imdeni oraguli moawyda, wyali gadaSavda. koioti
mdinaris napir-napir wavida, Tevzs ukan gahyva. soflebSi adideb-
dnen koiots da cxovelTa naTesavi Tevzs Seeqceoda, SimSils
bolo moeRo.
erT patara mdinaresTan koiots azrad mouvida: kargia, am na-
TesavT Tevzis Wera vaswavloo. adga, Txilis wnelebisgan face-
ri dawna da wyalSi CauSva. Semdeg isic uCvena, rogor gaeSroT
da SeenaxaT Tevzi.
ufro did mdinaresTan koiotma iqaurebs aCvena, rogor dae-
xocaT Tevzi sarebiT, man TeTr soWs qerqi Semoacala, bolo ga-
uTala da wamaxvilebuli wveri oraguls Caaso.

169
 - ai, ase unda qnaTo, - Tqva koiotma, sxva naTesavs Tevzis
Sewva aswavla. manamde isini Tevzs umad Wamdnen, koioti Tevzs
cecxlze atrialebda da ise wvavda mas. meorenairadac aswavla
Tevzis damzadeba, gaaxvia mwvane foTolSi da Sedo cecxlSi.
foToli orTqls ar uSvebs da Tevzi Sig ixarSeba.
- ai, rogor unda Tevzs momzadebao, - imeorebda koioti.
Semdeg koiotma iq myofT didi zeimi – oragulis dResaswau-
li – gaamarTvina da didi mdinarisa da yvela misi Senakadis na-
piras mcxovrebT ase mimarTa:
- yovel gazafxulze oraguli mdinareSi Semova qviriTis da-
sayrelad. Tqvenc yovel gazafxuls didi lxini unda gamarToT,
oragulis dResaswauli gadaixadoT. madloba SeswiroT oragul-
Ta sulebs, rom Tqvens SesarTavebSi Tevzebi gamogzavnes, Tqveni
oragulTa beladi ki SesTxovs im sulebs, badeebi TevziT gagiv-
soT. im sadResaswaulo xuT dRes oraguls dana ar daaaroT,
mxolod koconze Semwvari unda WamoT. Tu ise moiqceviT, ro-
gorc geubnebiT, oraguli zamTar-zafxul Tavsayrelad geqneba-
To.
Tqva es da auyva mdinares, oragulebic aedevnen. xSirad pa-
tar-patara SenakadebTan SeCerdeboda xolme. mdinare iakimTan da
uinatCTan mcxovrebma indielebma koioti kargad miiRes. manac ga-
avso maTi mdinareebi TevziT da Sehpirda, oraguli yovel gazaf-
xulze mova da qviriTs dayriso. sadac ki koiots kargad xvde-
bodnen, mdinares napirs udidebda. cxadia, Tevzis Wera ufro ad-
vili da moxerxebuli xdeboda.
mdinare Selanis sanapiroze mcxovreb cxovelTa naTesavT ko-
iotma ase mimarTa:
- Tu lamaz ymawvil qals momaTxovebT, Tqvens mdinares ora-
gulebiT gavavsebo.
maT uariT gaistumres. ymawvil qals koiotisTana beberi qma-
ri ar gamoadgebao. gabrazebulma koiotma mdinare Selanis kala-
poti uSvelebeli qvebiT gaavso da CanCqeri Seqmna. qvebiT gada-
Robilma mdinarem tba Selani gaaCina. dRemde arcerT oraguls
ar gadaulaxavs es CanCqeri.
ai, ratom ar budobs dResac SelanSi oraguli.
mdinare okanoganzec gaaCina koiotma CanCqeri. iqac uari uT-
xres axalgazrda sacoleze. mdinare spokanzec Seqmna CanCqeri,
radgan zemo mdinaris beladma neba ar misca, Tavisi tomeli qa-

170
li SeerTo. koiotma okanoganisa da spokanis tomis beladebs ase
mimarTa:
- aq CanCqerebs gavaCen. am CanCqerebs vercerTi oraguli ver
gadalaxavs da Tqveni mdinareebi carieli dagrCebaTo.
koiotma Tavis mogzaurobis Jams yvela mdinaresa da mTas sa-
xeli misca. daxoca urCxulebi, mospo da gaanadgura yinuleTi,
gaimarjva buranze. ai, ratom aRar aris zamTari civi. dargo xe-
ebi, axali xalxi, indielebi rom moevlineba qveyanas, gaTbneno.
mTaSi avides kenkris sakrefad, yvelaferi rom mzamzareuli mi-
arTva, gazarmacdebian da ar ivargebso. marwyvi gaaxara, sxva
tyis xilic bevri dargo. xalxs mravalferovani sakvebi hqonde-
so. dargo kamasi, kausi da sxva mravali.
mas Semdeg, rac qveynad axali xalxi, indielebi gaCndnen, ko-
iotma aswavla, rogor etrialebinaT xelis gulebiT ori joxi,
rom cecxli gaeCinaT: gaukeTa grZeli dana, rom daeWraT; gauke-
Ta najaxi, rom eCexaT; kedars qerqi gaacala da kanoe gaukeTa.
- ai, ase unda qnaT, - ambobda is.
koiotma indielebs aswavla, rogor gaekeTebinaT kaparWi da
swori ylortebisgan – isrebi, rogor exmaraT iaraRi. man gaake-
Ta nekerCxlis wnelisgan ficari da aCvena indielebs, rogor da-
eWiraT Tevzi faceriT. man aswavla, rogor moesworebinaT saTev-
zao adgili CanCqerebTan da rogor eTevzavaT sarebiT. TevzsaWe-
ri kalaTac koiotma dawna.
koiotma uTxra indielebs, rom oraguli ueWvelad unda ga-
moiSignos.
- Tu oraguls ar gamoSignavT, mas Sercxveba Tqvens magivrad
da Tqvens mdinareebs aRar gaekareba. ramdensac SeWamT, imaze me-
ti arasodes SewvaT. vTqvaT, sami oraguli SewviT da erTic ar
SeWameT, maSin oraguli Tqvens magivrad sircxviliT daiwveba da
aRarasodes gamoCndeba Tqvens mdinareSi.
mravaljer umogzauria koiots mdinare kolumbiisa da misi
Senakadebis sanapiroebze da bevri sasargeblo rCeva-darigeba miu-
cia mcxovreblebisTvis. TiTqmis mTeli TavianTi codna indieleb-
ma koiotisgan miiRes.
bevri sikeTe uyo xalxs koiotma, magram bevri borotebac Ca-
idina.
zogi indieli ambobs, koiotma Tavisi keTili saqmeebi rom
daasrula, caSi waiyvaneso. zogni irwmunebian, daisaja Tavisi Ca-
denili borotebisTviso. caSi TokiT adioda. mTeli erTi zafxu-

171
li da erTi zamTari micocavda Tokze. mere mowyda Toks da
didxans, didxans moqroda Zirs. miwaze rom daeca, xma moesmao:
- mawanwalad ivli am qveyanaze. mTeli sicocxle itireb da
iviSviSeb, mapatieT codvebio.
ai, ratom kvnesian da qviTineben koiotebi RamRamobiT. ai, ra-
tom dawanwaleben mSier-mwyurvalni eulad dedamiwaze.

xeo
xeoba ui
uila
lame
lameti
metis
tis gamoq
gamoqva
moqvabu
vabuli
bulis
lis urCxu
urCxuli
Cxuli
Crdilo-dasavleT sanapiro

uilametis xeobis binadarT erTma urCxulma SiSis zari das-

ca. Rame gamoqvabulidan gamoZvreboda da mcxovreblebs Tavs es-
xmoda. Semdeg gamoqvabulSi SeaTrevda da Casanslavda.
koioti rom estumra xeobas, xalxi soflidan ayrili iyo.
Seexvewnen koiots: gviSvele, ubedurebas gadagvarCineo.
- asec vizam. axal mTvaremde urCxuls suls gavafrTxobine-
bo, - dahpirda koioti xalxs, magram TviTonac ar icoda, ur-
Cxuls suls rogor gaafrTxobinebda. amitom adga da erT mego-
bar melas daeTaTbira.
- urCxuli bneleTSi cxovrobs. dRis sinaTle Tvalebsa
sWriso, - uTxra megobarma.
mere didxans iTaTbires, azri gacval-gamocvales da gegmac
moifiqres. meore dRes mze TvalismomWrelad anaTebda. caze maR-
la rom aiwia, koiotma gadaikida kaparWi da maRali mTis wverze
moeqca. iqidan mozida mSvildi da mzes isari esrola, mere meo-
re isari pirvelis boloSi gaWeda, Semdeg mesame da ase isroda,
manam mzesa da dedamiwas Soris isrebis Toki ar gaiWima.
bolos Caavlo xeli Toks da moswia, mTeli ZaliT eweoda.
mze dedamiwaze Camoiyvana da mdinare uilametSi damala.
urCxuls egona, daRamdao da gamoqvabulidan gamoZvra sakbi-
los mosaZebnad. rogorc ki moigdo xelSi erTi kaci, koiotma
Zirs isris Toki gawyvita, TvalisdaxamxamebaSi mzem maRla aiwia,
iqauroba gaaCaxCaxa da urCxuli daabrmava. koiotma dro ixelTa
da suli gaacxebina. xalxma SvebiT amoisunTqa.

172
 gadioda wlebi. zafxuls zamTari cvlida, zamTars – zafxu-
li. erTxel TeTrma adamianebma ipoves urCxulis Zvlebi da Tan
waiRes. uilametis xeobis indielebma ki gaafrTxiles TeTrebi,
xels nu axlebT, ubedurebas SegamTxvevTo, magram TeTrebi gana
vinmes yurs miugdeben?

ku da kai
kaipora
pora
brazilia

erTi ku fuRuroSi ijda da salamurs ukravda. kaiporam

yuri mohkra da TavisTvis Cailaparaka, uTuod ku unda ukravdes,
kargi iyo, dameWirao. Cumad mivida fuRurosTan, ku isev akvne-
sebda salamurs.
kaiporam fuRuroSi CasZaxa:
- ehei, ku, ar gesmiso!
- ra gnebavso? – gamoexmaura ku.
- gareT gamobrZandi, Zala vsinjoTo!
- didi siamovnebiTo!
kaipora Sambnarisken gaiqca, liana moWra, mdinaris piras
miaTria da kus uTxra:
- aba, daviwyoTo. Sen mdinareSi Caxti, me ki napirze dav-
rCebio.
ku mdinareSi Caxta da liana delfins moaba boloze, Tvi-
Ton ki Cumad amovida napirze da buCqebSi SeiyuJa.
kaiporam Tavisken gaswia liana, magram veras gaxda. delfin-
ma moikriba rac Zali da Rone hqonda da kaipora wyalSi CaaT-
ria. kaiporamac moikriba Zal-Rone da delfini kinaRam wylidan
amoaTria, magram bolos mainc delfinma dajabna kaipora da
wyalSi Caiyola.
ku buCqebidan yvelafers xedavda da ulvaSebSi eSmakurad
ecineboda.
kaipora daiRala da Tqva:
- gveyofa, ku, amodio!
Caxta ku wyalSi, delfins liana Sexsna da Tavmomwoned
amovida napirze.

173
 - megobaro, ar daiRaleo? – hkiTxa kaiporam.
- ras ambobo, - miugo kum, - xom xedav, arc ki gavoflil-
varo!
gaocebulma kaiporam Tavi damarcxebulad scno.
- axla ki davrwmundi, rom Cemze Zlieri yofilxaro! –
Tqva da Tavis gzas gaudga.

adami
damia
miani da ku
brazilia

erTxel ku Tavis soroSi SeZvra da salamuri aakvnesa. gam-

vlel-gamomvleli Cerdeboda da yurs ugdebda salamuris tkbil
xmas. erTma kacma Tqva:
- am kus aucileblad daviWero!
mivida sorosTan da dauZaxa:
- ehei, gamomxedeo.
- ra gnebavso! – gamosZaxa kum.
- maRla amodi, raRac unda giTxrao.
- axlaveo, - da ku sorodan gamoRoRda. kacma ki maSinve
staca xeli da Sin waiyvana. Sin rom mivida, ku yuTSi Casva. di-
liT, mindorSi wasvlis win, Svilebs daubara:
- aramc da aramc ku gareT ar gamouSvaTo!
kaci wavida, ku ki ijda yuTSi da akvnesebda salamurs.
bavSvebma salamuris xma gaigones Tu ara, yuTs irgvliv Se-
moexvivnen, magram kum maSinve Sewyvita salamuris dakvra. maSin
bavSvebi Seexvewnen, kidev daukario.
- Cemi salamuris dakvra mogwonT, ara? netavi axla gaCve-
naT cekva rogoriRa vicio!
bavSvebma ku yuTidan amosves, rom misi cekvac enaxaT.
icekva, itriala kum da bolos bavSvebs sTxova, gareT gas-
vla minda da gamiSviTo.
- kargio, - uTxres bavSvebma, - mxolod im pirobiT, Tu ar
gaiqcevio.

174
 gauRes kari da gauSves. kum rogorc ki dro ixelTa, buC-
qebSi miimala. Sewuxdnen bavSvebi, aqeT ecnen, iqiT ecnen, magram
kus kvals veRarsad miagnes.
bolos erTma bavSvma Tqva:
- modiT, qva movZebnoT da kus bakaniT SevReboT, Torem ma-
ma rom dabrundeba, magrad mogvxvdebao.
marTlac, SeRebes qva da yuTSi Cades. saRamos dabrunda ma-
ma da Svilebs uTxra:
- aba, Cqara cecxlze qvabi SedgiT, ku unda movxarSoTo.
mamam qvabSi kus nacvlad SeRebili qva Caagdo da bavSvebs
uTxra:
- TefSebi gaamzadeTo.
- mere qva amoiRo da TefSze dado. uceb tkaco! – da Tef-
Si namsxrevebad iqca.
gabrazebulma mamam bavSvebs lanZRva-gineba dauwyo.
- ai, Tqve uvargisebo, ku gagiSviaTo?
- ara, mami, ar gagviSviao! – imarTles Tavi bavSvebma.
swored am dros kum salamuri aakvnesa.
kacma gaigona salamuris xma da ifiqra, waval, kus isev da-
viWero!
wavida da dauZaxa:
- ehei, zozinav, gamomxedeo!
- ra gnebavso! – gamosZaxa kum.
kaci erTs eZaxoda, ku meores pasuxobda. eZaxa kacma, eZaxa,
bolos mobezrda da Tavi mianeba.

aru
brazilia

aru patara bayays hqvia. igi umetesad tyis ganakafSi binad-

robs. rogorc ki indielebi tyis gaCexvas daiwyeben, aruc maSin-
ve iq gaCndeba. amboben, sadac arua, iq usaTuod didi Wirnaxuli
movao. naTesebs Tvalyuri kargad unda adevno, Torem Tu yana ga-
uToxnavia da sarevela moeria, aru im adgils axlosac ar gaeka-
reba.

175
 xalxSi aseTi Tqmuleba arsebobs: odesRac arus jiSis gom-
beSoebic adamianebi yofilan. im toms mTlad axalgazrda beladi
hyolia. saxelad aru rqmevia da Zalianac ucnauri Cveva hqonia –
arcerT qaliSvils daumorCilebels ar uSvebda Turme.
erTxel aru sanadirod kunZul paliaze wasula. iq erTi
mTvaresaviT pirbadri da lamazi gogona unaxavs. am gogonas gi-
SeriviT Savi Tma da varskvlaviviT mocimcime Tvalebi hqonda.
pirisaxes broliviT TeTri kbilebi umSvenebda. erTi sityviT, im
lamazi gogonas msgavsi jer arasodes exila arus, tomis be-
lads.
gogona mSvidad ijda zRvis piras da Tevzaobda. arum Tva-
li mohkra Tu ara, maSinve xes amoefara da cda dauwyo. gogonam
lerwmis kalaTa aavso TevziT, mere tani daibana, amovida wyli-
dan, gamxmari lerwami gaSala da zed wamowva. wamowva Tu ara,
maSinve CaeZina.
aruc swored amas eloda. Cumad miepara mZinares da gver-
diT miuwva. gogonas SeeSinda, undoda daeyvira, magram arus Tavi
ver daaRwia.
didxans ebrZodnen isini erTmaneTs. gvian, roca dedamiwas
Ramis mwuxri moefina, gogonas ukanaskneli Zal-Rone gamoelia.
qali tiroda, magram misi cremli miwaze ki ar ecemoda,
swrafad adioda caSi da iqidan wvril wvimad moedineboda.
beladi aru mxolod gamTeniisas wamodga fexze. igi carie-
li ConCxiRa iyo, kaci ifiqrebda, cecxlSi CauxrukiaTo.
gogonac adga da arus qviTiniT uTxra:
- ratom awuxeb cis binadarT? xom xedav, ras daemsgavse,
rogor dagwva wuxandelma Ramem. axla Sen gaqrebi da Seni mod-
gmac gadaSendeba. dReis Semdeg mTels Sens sicocxles wyalSi
da tyis ganakafSi gaatareb. mxolod erT Tves, weliwadis am
dros iqcevi adamianad, da isic imitom, rom xalxs samkurnalo
balaxi daurigo. Sen Seaswavli adamianebs xaxalis dawvnas, sac-
ris, Tevzis saWerisa da baris gakeTebas, agreTve im Coganis ga-
moTlas, romelsac indielebi maniokis fafis moduRebisas gamoi-
yenebeno.
qalma sityva rom daasrula, mowyvita mwvane ananasi da Se-
Wama. mere miwidan maRla Sexta da mkvdari, TiTqosda gaWyleti-
li bayayi Soba.
qalma arus uTxra:

176
 - ai, ase gadaSendeba Seni modgma. xedav, rad iqca Seni ji-
lagi? axla wagisvam am bayayis sisxls, rom ufro galamazebuli
daubrunde Sens gvar-tomso.
qalma aiRo mkvdari bayayi, Suaze gaxliCa, sisxli xelis
gulze daigrova da arus pirisaxeze gombeSosa da bayayis gamosa-
xuleba moaxata.
- axla ufro lamazi xaro!
mere mkvdari bayayis tyavi aiRo, daaxvia, Tavisi TmebiT
Sekra, stviri gaakeTa da Cahbera.
- iswavleo, - uTxra, - dReidan Seni msgavsi dedamiwis
zurgze aRaravin iqneba. axla ki, vidre samudamod dagSordebode,
Cemi vinaoba minda gauwyo: me zecis mkvidri, mTvaris qaliSvili
da mcenareTa deda var. saxelad seiusi mqvia. Svidi varskvlavis
ojaxSi erT-erT varskvlavsac am saxeliT ixsenieben. axla SegiZ-
lia daubrunde Sens xalxs da, visac ginda, imas uambe, rom Rame
CemTan gaatare. aha, es stviri, miCuqebia. waiRe da rodesac Sens
sofels miuaxlovdebi, daukari. xalxs amiT Zlier gaaxarebo.
am sityvebis Tqma da qalis gauCinareba erTi iyo. aru da-
adga gzas. bevri iara Tu cota, miadga Tavis sofels, gavida Sua
Saraze da Cahbera stvirs.
xalxi dafrTxa. stviris xma wavis wivils miamsgavses.
arus mTeli gvar-tomi saxlebidan gareT gamocvivda da gaiqca.
Tanasoflelebma bayayis sisxliT moxatuli beladi rom
dainaxes, ifiqres, uSvelebeli wavi SeWmas gvipirebso da maSinve
mdinares miaSures. yvela erTad Caxta wyalSi. maT kvaldakval
mihyva beladi aruc. iq ki gombeSoebad da bayayebad gadaiqcnen.
ase gaCdnen qveynad arus jiSis cicqna bayayebi.

Juru
Jurupa
rupari
paris
ris ssak
akra
akrave
ravebi
vebis
bis mota
motace
taceba
ceba
brazilia

aravakis ojaxSi mcxovrebi tarianas tomis mamakacebi yovel

saRamos mdinare papuris saTavesTan ikribebodnen. ukravdnen musi-
kalur sakravebze da Juruparis cekvavdnen. erTxel qalebma ga-
dawyvites, modi, sakravebi moviparoTo. im dRidan qalebi yovel

177
diliT midiodnen tyeSi da daeZebdnen im adgils, sadac mamakace-
bi sakravebs malavdnen. am ZebnaSi ramdenime weli gavida. erT sa-
Ramos qalebma mamakacebs Juruparis sacekvao saxlTan daudara-
jes, vnaxoT mainc, ranairi sakravebi aqvTo. yvela qals xelSi
CiraRdani ekava.
mamakacebma SuadRemde icekves. mere ki zogma mdinareSi da-
mala Tavisi sakravi, zogmac – tyeSi, xis fuRuroSi. qalebi Cu-
mad uTvalTvalebdnen da, mamakacebi sofelSi gabrundnen Tu ara,
sakravebs miscvivdnen, mTeli tye CiraRdnebma gaaCaxCaxa. sakrave-
bi sinaTles gaurbodnen. maSin qalebi irgvliv Semoexvivnen xes
da sakravebi ris vai-vaglaxiT Caigdes xelSi. waiRes da Zalian
Sors gadamales. diliT ki, erTad rom Seikribnen, yvelaze uf-
rosma qalma Tqva:
- axla sakravebi Cvenca gvaqvs. mamakacebi am oins rom ar
migvixvdnen, dResve unda wavideT uarakapas CanCqerTan da saWme-
lad umaris Reroebi movkrifoTo.
asec moiqcnen.
saRamos mamakacebi wavidnen Juruparis sacekvaod, magram
fuRuroSi sakravebi aRar daxvdaT. mxolod mdinareSi damaluli
sakravebi iyo Tavis adgilze. daiwyes Zebna: aqeT ecnen, iqiT ec-
nen, magram versad naxes. qalebze eWvic ki ar miutaniaT, radgan
isini dilidanve uarakapas CanCqerebze iyvnen wasulebi. kacebSi
mkiTxaobac aravin icoda da, aba, ise ras gaigebdnen! amitom, qa-
lebi Sin rom dabrundnen, qmrebs maTTvis araferi ukiTxavT.
erTi dRis Semdeg ki qalebi TviTon wavidnen Juruparis sa-
cekvaod. mdinare tui-igarapes piras Tavi moiyares da sakravebs
Cahberes, magram amaod: verc erT sakravs xma ver amoaRebines. qa-
lebma xan waRma utriales, xan ukuRma, - mainc araferi gamouvi-
daT, maSin erTma qalma Tqva:
- modi, axalgazrdebi vaiZuloT, sakravze dakvra gvaswav-
lono.
qalebi dabrundnen Sin, mcenare karaJurus wiTeli wveniT
pirisaxe SeiRebes da mamakacebs gaekeklucnen. gamoucdeli axal-
gazrdebi qalebs ver miuxvdnen eSmakobas da daeTanxmnen, sakrav-
ze dakvras gaswavliTo. im saRamosve wavidnen mdinare tui-igara-
pes piras da qalebis TandaswrebiT daukres Juruparis sacekvao.
sofelSi darCenil moxucebs dakvris xma SemoesmaT da SeSinebu-
lebma erTmaneTs uTxres:
- gesmiT, viRaca Cvens sakravebs ukravso.

178
 SuaRamisas musika Sewyda. qalebma axla ukve kargad icod-
nen Juruparis saidumlo da qmrebs ubrZanes, dReidan Cvens ma-
givrad Tqven imuSavebTo. daRondnen mamakacebi, uceb uamravi saq-
me gauCndaT: manioki unda amoeTxaraT da daefqvaT, balaxi moe-
TibaT, yana gaemarglaT, Cvili bavSvebisTvis moevloT. erTi sit-
yviT, qalebis saqme unda ekeTebinaT.
mamakacebSi erTi jadoqari eria. igi yovel saRamos mkiTxa-
obda, undoda Seetyo, aseT gasaWirSi vin Cagvayenao. misi Crdili
damnaSavis saZebrad miemarTeboda, magram ver poulobda. am grZne-
ulma Tavisi jadoqrobis saSualebiT amoicno, vin iyo maTi to-
mis mamakacebSi yvelaze rbili xasiaTisa. mere Sekriba moxucebi
da Tqva:
- ai, ise gavWaRaravdiT, vera da ver gavigeT, vin gaando qa-
lebs saidumlo. raki Cven Soris aravin gveguleba gamcemeli, er-
Ti gzaRa dagvrCenia: TviTon qalebi unda gamovtexoTo.
mamakacebi asec moiqcnen. rogorc iyo, gadaibires qalebi da
bolos aTqmevines:
- Tu Cven Tvalwin Juruparis icekvebT, getyviT, saidumlo
vin gagvandoo.
kacebi daTanxmdnen, kargi, vicekvebT, oRond is wminda sak-
ravebi dagvibruneTo. qalebma moutanes. mamakacebmac imave saRamos
miaSures Juruparis sacekvao saxls. Sua cekvaSi rom iyvnen, qa-
lebi qoxSi Sevidnen da gaocebisgan iqve gaxevdnen: yvela mama-
kacs erTnairi saxe hqonda, TiTqosda mocekvaveni erT arsebad
qceuliyvnen. qalebma SiSisagan goni dakarges. grZneuli mamakaci
ki oTaxis SuagulSi gamovida da Tqva:
- yvela WaRaraTmiani mamakaci Juruparis gvarisaa. axalgaz-
rdebi ki dReidan aRar daukraven Juruparis sacekvaos, radgan
maT ubedureba mogvitanes. SexedeT Cvens xelebs, zedmeti Sromi-
sagan rogor gagviuxeSda. es yvelaferi ki imis gamo dagvemarTa,
rom axalgazrdebma qalebs Juruparis sakravTa saidumlo gaande-
so.
am ambis Semdeg Juruparis saidumlo isev mamakacebs daub-
runda.

179
 Citi
Citi kolib
kolibri
libri
brazilia

erT col-qmars erTi gasaTxovari qali hyavda. movida dro

da ded-mamam Svili gaaTxova. mSoblebi da megobrebi sapatar-
Zlos eklesiaSi gahyvnen, monebi ki saqorwilo sufris mosamza-
deblad Sin darCnen. Seudgnen saWmlis gakeTebas da maSinRa na-
xes, rom wveTi wyali ar edgaT araferSi. ra unda eqnaT? adga
erTi mona qali, aiRo sura da wylis mosatanad gaiqca. mivida
wyaroze da ras xedavs, xis totze Citi kolibri Semomjdara da
galobs: `foTlebo da yvavilebo, sad viSovo saWmeli? iqiT wa-
val stvena-stveniT Citunia frTaWreli...”
zangis qalma sura miwaze dadga da sambas cekva daiwyo. ise
gaerTo cekviT, rom aRarc wyali axsovda, aRarc sadili da
aRarc qorwili. Citi kolibric galobda da galobda Seusveneb-
liv.
ucades zangis qals, ucades da bolos, mis dabrunebas saS-
veli rom aRar daadga, meore mona qali gagzavnes wyaroze, erTi
gaige, ra daemarTa, wyali ratom ar moaqvso. zangis qalma ro-
gorc ki dainaxa wyaroze misuli megobari, maSinve miumRera: `oh,
megobaro qalo, Cits Sexe, rogor galobs, me xom vcekvav da
vcekvav, Senc unda dauaro”.
miirbina megobarma qalma da isic acekvda. saxlSi amao lo-
diniT rom gadaiqancnen, orives Zaxili dauwyes, magram pasuxi
aravin gasca. raRas izamdnen, mesame mona gaagzavnes ambis gasage-
bad, male mesames meoTxe mihyva, meoTxes – mexuTe da bolos yve-
lam wyaroze moiyara Tavi. mividodnen Tu ara, Cadgebodnen wreSi
da gaognebulebi cekvavdnen sambas. raki saxlSi aRarcerTi mona
aRar darCa, patarZlis erT-erTi da wavida dasaZaxeblad. zangis
qalebma dainaxes Tu ara, maSinve miumReres. diasaxlisic Cadga
wreSi da iseTi Camouara, yvelas gadaaWarba. movida meore dac.
pirvelma dam miumRera: `oh, Cemo kargo daiko...” gogona erTi
wamiTac ar dayovnebula, isic Caeba cekvaSi. Sin ki dedam veRar
moisvena, TiTqos nemsebze ijda. ar icoda, rogor moqceuliyo:
sadili iwvoda, stumrebi ar Candnen da arc araferi iyo gamza-
debuli. vinc ki Sin darCa, yvela wyaroze wavida da ratomRac
aRar brundebodnen.
- ara, uTuod raRac SeemTxvaT im wyaroze, waval erTi, ga-
vigebo! – Tqva qalma, moixura TavSali da wavida. Soridanve yu-

180
ri mohkra mocekvaveTa simReras, mere dainaxa wreSi Camdgari qa-
lebi da xis totze Semomjdari Citi kolibri. Citunia ise saa-
murad galobda, rom verc aman Seakava Tavi da ise dauara, nuRar
ityviT! deda cekva-cekviT miuaxlovda Svilebs, imaTac miumRe-
res: `oh, Cveno dedilo, Zvirfaso...”
dedakaci wreSi Cadga da yvelaze mondomebiT ahyva mocekva-
veebs. iseTi mxiaruleba gaCaRda, Tqveni mowonebuli! Citmac
umata galobas. rac ufro Zlier ustvenda Citi, qalebi miT uf-
ro umatebdnen cekvas.
martod darCenili moxuci mama ijda da eloda nefe-patar-
Zals. arc stumrebi Candnen da arc wyalze wasuli mona qalebi.
colica da qaliSviliebic maTTan gadakarguliyvnen. gacecxlebu-
li berikaci sul cofsa hyrida. iTmina, iTmina, bolos veRar mo-
iTmina, dastaca maTraxs xeli, - damacadeT, me Tqven giCvenebT
seirso, - Cailaparaka da wyarosken gaqanda. colma dainaxa Tu
ara qmari, maSinve miumRera: `oh, Cemo berikaco, Zvirfaso!..”
kaci SeiWra wreSi da, giyvardes, uSxuvla da uSxuvla
maTraxi mocekvave qalebs xan marjvniv, xan marcxniv, Tan gaiZa-
xoda: `oh, bebero Cemo qalo, msurs maTraxiT gagaxaro, ha, icek-
ve, icekveo...”
yvelas sakmarisad moxvda – colsac, Svilebsac da mona qa-
lebsac. iseTi wivil-kivili atyda, caSi angelozebsac daaf-
rTxobda. viRas hqonda cekvis Tavi, yvela mimoifanta. Citunia
kolibrma ki arxeinad mimoixeda, frTa frTas Semohkra da gaf-
rinda.

mema
memalu
malusi
lusi – gardac
ardacvlil
dacvlilTa
vlilTa kunZu
unZuli
Zuli
Crdilo-dasavleT sanapiro

odesRac, Zalian didi xnis winaT, cxovrobdnen erTi ymaw-

vili meomari da lamazi qaliSvili. maT Zalian uyvardaT erTma-
neTi da Zalian bednierebic iyvnen. magram meomari avad gaxda,
mokvda da sulebis qveyanaSi gadasaxlda. iq Wabuks enatreboda
satrfo da cxare cremliT tiroda. aq kidev qali dastiroda
Wabuks.

181
 erTxel, meomris sikvdilidan ramdenime dRis Semdeg, micva-
lebulTa qveynidan viRacis suli sizmarSi gamoecxada qaliS-
vils da uTxra:
- Sens Seyvarebuls Zalian enatrebi. marTalia, igi imqvey-
nad kargad aris, magram uSenod mainc mowyenilia da manam ar iq-
neba bednieri, sanam Sen ar inaxulebo.
gogo ise SeaSfoTa am sizmarma, rom maSinve mSoblebs uam-
bo. isinic SeSfodnen, aRar icodnen, ra erCiaT SvilisTvis. meo-
re da mesame Ramesac gamoecxada suli da igive gaumeora. mesame-
dac rom naxa gogom suli sizmarSi, mSoblebma gadawyvites, qali
SeyvarebulTan gaegzavnaT, raTa TviTonac raime ubedureba ar
SemTxveodaT.
Casxdnen yvelani kanoeSi da dauyvnen mdinares qvemoT, kun-
Zulisken, sadac sulebis bednieri qveyana iyo da yvela micvale-
buls iq moeyara Tavi. is iyo kunZuls miadgnen, rom dabindda
kidec. kunZulidan dafdafebis xma SemoesmaT, sulebi mRerodnen
da cekvavdnen musikis taqtze. burusSi Zlivs gaarCies kunZulze
mocimcime sinaTleebi.
napirze oTxi suli SeegebaT. maT kanoedan qali gadaiyvanes,
mSoblebs ki uTxres, Tqven Sin, cocxlebis qveyanaSi dabrundi-
To. mere qali gamWvirvale Wilobebisgan agebul uzarmazar vig-
vamSi Seiyvanes, sadac yvela cekvavda. gogom icno Tavisi Seyvare-
buli, romelic ufro lamazi da keTilSobili eCvena, vidre de-
damiwaze iyo. Tanac ise mdidrulad Caecva, rogoric mxolod
sulebis qveyanaSi icvamen.
mTel Rames gagrZelda cekva-simRera. axalgazrda Seyvare-
bulebi ubednieresad Tvlidnen Tavs. roca inaTa da Citebic
aWikWikdnen, sulebma dasaZineblad gaswies – maT xom dRisiT
sZinavT da RamiT fxizloben. gogomac daxuWa Tvalebi da Zils
mieca.
magram mas ase magrad ar eZina, rogorc danarCen sulebs,
amitom, mze rom kargad amowvera, gaeRviZa da irgvliv mimoixeda.
iqve, mis gverdiT ConCxi iwva – misi Seyvarebulis ConCxi. saxeSi
Semoscqeroda kbilebdakreWili da carielgugebiani Tavis qala.
irgvliv ConCxebi da Tavis qalebi ewyo. haerSi ki sikvdilis su-
ni trialebda – mSvenieri sulebi dRisiT ConCxebad da gvamebad
iqceodnen xolme.
gogom erTi Sehkivla, wamoxta da napirisaken gaqanda, ipova
iq Tavisi kanoe da saswrafod mousva niCbebi Tavisi soflisaken.

182
mSoblebi da nacnobebi SeSfoTdnen, gogo rom dainaxes. SeeSin-
daT, vaiTu sulebi Semogvwyrnen, gogom rom maTi qveyana miatova
da axla mTeli sofeli dasajono.
- Sen sulebi gaanawyene, - uTxres maT, - Senc maTsaviT un-
da gZineboda mTeli dRe. axlave daubrundi Sens Seyvarebuls,
raki man mogiTxovao.
raRas izamda, dabrunda gogo micvalebulTa kunZulze da
im RamiT isev ecekva Tavis Seyvarebuls gamWvirvale Wilofisgan
nageb vigvamSi. misi Seyvarebuli axlac lamazi da bednieri iyo.
mere, dRisiT, gogosac saRamomde eZina xolme. saRamoobiT ki iR-
viZebda da mTel Rames sulebTan erTad erToboda. gavida dro
da mas uCveulo silamazis bavSvi SeeZina – naxevrad kaci, naxev-
rad suli. axalgazrda mamas ise undoda Svili Tavisi dedisTvis
eCvenebina, rom cocxlebis qveyanaSi suli gagzavna da daabara:
- gadaeci dedaCems, rom Cven Zalian bednierebi varT sule-
bis qveyanaSi, mSvenieri bavSvi SegveZina da gvinda, Senc naxo-Tqo.
sTxove, wamogyves, mere ki Cemi coli da Svili ukanac wahyvebian
cocxlebis qveyanaSi. cota xnis Semdeg mec davbrundebi da yve-
la sulsac Tan wamoviyvan, raTa maT xelaxla icxovron coc-
xlebis qveyanaSi.
Wabukis dedas Zalian gauxarda es ambavi da siamovnebiT wa-
vida micvalebulTa kunZulze. Svili win Seegeba da gaafrTxila,
SviliSvils cota xnis Semdeg naxavo.
- vidre aTi dRe ar gava, ver gaCvenebo.
bebia moTminebiT eloda, magram rac dro gadioda, miT uf-
ro uWirda moTmena, undoda male enaxa bavSvi. erT dRes gadaw-
yvita, malulad SeeWvrita WuWrutanaSi da daenaxa igi. vis ra
dauSavdeba, me Tu misi akvnis safars yurs avuwev da cali Tva-
liT Sevxedavo.
asec moiqca. aswia safari da mZinare bavSvs daxeda, magram
maSinve daisaja – bavSvi avad gaxda da mokvda. sulebi ki ise
ganrisxdnen, rom mas Semdeg arcerT mkvdars cocxlebis qveyanaSi
aRar abrunebdnen.
bebia daabrunes Tavis sofelSi da mas Semdeg Svilsa da
rZalze aRaraferi smenia.

183
 wmin
wminda
inda flei
leita
tropikuli tyeebi

mundurukus tomis wminda fleitebi karokos saxelwode-

biT, qalebisaTvis tabus warmoadgens, magram iyo dro, roca isi-
ni flobdnen fleitebs. simarTle rom iTqvas, swored qalebma
ipoves es fleitebi.
iyo sami qali: ianionbori, tuembiru da paravaro. qalebi
tyeSi fiCxis Sesagroveblad dadiodnenda saidanRac xSirad es-
modaT musikis xma. erTxel Zalian moswyurdaT da wyaros saZeb-
nelad gaeSurnen. eZebes, eZebes da tyeSi mSvenier kamkama tbas
waawydnen. es tba winaT arasodes enaxaT. axla mas karokoboap-
tis eZaxian – „adgils, saidanac wamoiRes karoko“.
qalebs kidev SemoesmaT musika da mixvdnen, rom xma tbidan
modioda. mividnen da wyalSi Tevzi jiju naxes, magram misi da-
Wera ver SeZles.
sofelSi rom dabrundnen, erTma qalma moifiqra, modiT, ba-
des kaklis wveni wavusvaT, Tevzs daeZineba da daviWerTo. mar-
Tlac ase moiqcnen. samive qalma saTiTao Tevzi daiWira. amoiyva-
nes Tu ara xmeleTze, Tevzebi maSinve fleitebad iqcnen.
swored amitomaa, rom mamakacebis yvela saxlSi sami sakra-
vi aqvT.
qalebma fleitebi tyeSi damales, rom veravis epova. yo-
veldRe midiodnen tyeSi da Cum-Cumad ukravdnen. ise moewonaT
fleitaze dakvra, rom mTel dReebs tyeSi atarebdnen. qmrebic
miatoves da saxl-karic. qmrebma eWvi aiRes.
erT dRes ianionboris Zma marimarebo qalebs Cumad gahyva
tyeSi da gaigo maTi saidumlo, Tumca fleita ver dainaxa. mari-
marebom sxva mamakacebs uambo, rac gaigo. amasobaSi qalebi dab-
rundnen da mamakacebma hkiTxes, tyeSi marTla gaqvT fleitebi
damalulio? qalebi gamotydnen. maSin mamakacebma uTxres: - dau-
kariT fleitebze, magram tyeSi ara, Sino.
esenic daTanxmdnen. raxan fleitebi imaT iSoves, qalebi ma-
makacebis mbrZanebelni gaxdnen. axla mamakacebs mohqondaT fiCxi,
wyali da beiJusac, lavaSsac isini acxobdnen. kacebs mas Semdeg
aqvT brtyeli xelebi. mamakacebi nadirobdnen kidec, rac marima-
rebos aRSfoTebda imitom, rom kacebs fleitebisTvisac unda mi-
etanaT xorci. qalebi ki mxolod tkbili maniokisgan amzadebdnen

184
sasmels. erTxel marimarebom Tqva, qalebs fleitebi wavarTvaTo,
magram sxva mamakacebi SeSindnen.
qalebma im dRes, roca fleitebi sofelSi unda mietanaT,
mamakacebs ubrZanes, sanadirod wadiTo, TviTon ki tkbili manio-
kisgan nayenis damzadebas Seudgnen. mamakacebi nadirobidan rom
dabrundnen, mTeli soflis qalebi fleitebis mosatanad iyvnen
wasulebi. maTma winamZRolma ianionborim sofelSi erTi qali
gamogzavna da mamakacebs SemouTvala, qoxebSi daimaleTo. mamaka-
cebi damorCilebas ar apirebdnen, maT kacebis saxlSi darCena
undodaT. maSin ianionbori movida, rom yvelani qoxebSi Seereka.
marimarebom das uTxra:
- qoxebSi mxolod erTi RamiT SevalT. Cven fleitebi gvin-
da da xvalve gamogarTmevT. Tu ar mogiciaT, sanadirod aRar wa-
valTo.
ianionbori unda daTanxmeboda, radgan sxvanairad verc
fleitebisTvis iSovida xorcsa da verc zeimze mowveuli stum-
rebisaTvis.
mamakacebi qoxebSi Sevidnen. qalebma ki soflis irgvliv
svla moawyves, Tan fleitebs ukravdnen. Semdeg Sevidnen kacebis
saxlSi da iq daawyves fleitebi. mere saTiTaod gaikrifnen Ta-
vianT qoxebSi da kacebi aiZules, mosiyvarulebodnen. mamakacebs
uaris Tqma ar SeeZloT, rogorc axla qalebs ar SeuZliaT mama-
kacis survilze uaris Tqma. ase gavida Rame.
meore dRes mamakacebma waarTves fleitebi qalebs da Tavi-
anT qoxebSi garekes. qalebi mwared dastirodnen TavianT dana-
kargs. kacebi ki, qalebs fleitebs rom arTmevdnen, mRerodnen. am
simReraSi gamosWvivoda sircxvili, mamakacebma qalebis batono-
biT rom ganicades.

legen
legenda
genda TeTri
eTri irmi
irmisa
misa
Crdilo-dasavleT sanapiro

erTxel, Zalian didi xnis winaT, saSineli avadmyofoba da-

atyda Tavs umpkuas toms. xalxi wydeboda. Zalian cota gadaur-
Ca avadmyofobas. didxans gaismoda vigvamebSi moTqma-tirili. aso-

185
biT indielma – moxucma Tu axalgazrdam – samudamod daxuWa
Tvali.
bolos tomis eqimbaSma moifiqra, rac unda eqnaT.
- davtovoT sofeli da maRali mTis mwvervalze gadavsax-
ldeTo, - mimarTa man xalxs. – iq axlo viqnebiT did sulTan da
Cvens moTqma-tirilsac ufro gaigonebso.
daujera xalxma. aikides TavianTi vigvamebi da didi mTis
mwvervalisken daadgnen gzas. am mTis gadaRma didi wyali iyo
gaSlili. mTis ferdobze Sefenil mdeloebze maT TavianTi vigva-
mebi dadges da Seudgnen cxovrebas. magram momakvdinebeli seni
kvaldakval gahyva devnilebs, TiTqos sabolood upirebda mo-
celvas.
seni beladis qals, Teolasac Seeyara. mTel toms uyvarda
Teola, maRali da isariviT aSoltili, mtirala tirifiviT
mSvenieri. xalxi mas umpkuas – patara dedas – eZaxda. yvela da-
amwuxra misma avadmyofobam.
yvelas ukve imedi gadaewura, Teola aRar gadarCebao. to-
mis mamakacebi kocons Semosxdomodnen misi vigvamis axlo, Tavebi
CaeqindraT da gulxeli daekrifaT. vigvamSi ki qalebi moTqvam-
dnen da sikvdilis simReras mRerodnen, Tan ferxuls uvlidnen
momakvdavi gogonas sawols.
bneli Rame iyo. uecrad raRac ucnauri moxda. TovliviT
TeTri iremi gamovida tyis ukunidan, uSiSrad gadmoiara mindori
da Teolas vigvamTan msxdar xalxTan mivida. uxmod Sescqeroda
gaocebuli xalxi, rogor Semouara iremma samjer vigvams. yovel
Semovlaze momakvdavs Seavlebda xolme Tvals.
mesame Semovlis Semdeg igi vigvamSi Sevida da gogomac xe-
li gauwoda. iremi drunCiT Seexo mis xels, mere ki kvlav bnel
Rames Seeria.
wavida Tu ara iremi, Teola sawolidan wamodga da Tavis
xalxTan gamovida.
- me ukve kargad var, kargad, - yviroda igi. – didi TeTri
sulis angelozma kocniT waiRo Cemi avadmyofoba!
ai, amis Semdeg aris, rom umpkuas tomis indielebi aRar
klaven TeTr irems. igi xelSeuxeblad iTvleba. mas Tayvans sce-
men da uyvarT.

186
 Sama
Samani
mani maxa
maxana
xanako
nakolo
kolo
tropikuli tyeebi

maxanakolosTana jadoqari Samani jer aravin dabadebuliyo.

frinveliviT SeeZlo frena, SeeZlo frTebi gaeSala da tyes
Tavze moevleboda. diax, diax, man mxolod moindoma da frTebic
gamoeba! sxvadasxva cxovelad qceva misTvis Cveulebrivi ambavi
iyo. Zalian uyvarda iremi da xSirad mis saxes iRebda.
erTxelac iqca irmad. rogor fiqrobT, rad dasWirda? mar-
toxeloba moswyinda da megobris SeZena mounda. da iciT, rogor
moagvara es saqme? – myral irmis mZorad iqcia Tavi. suni ecaT
mefur svavebs da mogrovdnen. ifiqres, gemriel saWmels Seveqce-
viTo. is iyo, Semousxdnen leSs, rom sad iyo da sad ara, mof-
rinda patara Citi da daiwivla:
- Tavs uSveleT, ubedureba geliTo!
svavebma yuric ar Seibertyes da leSs ecnen. mkvdari iremi
uceb wamoxta da Seibertya. SeSinebuli svavebi aqeT-iqiT daf-
rTxnen. Samani tyuilubralod ar moqceula ase. am svavebSi misi
rCeuli ar eria. frinvelebi rom gaiqc-gamoiqcnen, isev moimkvda-
runa Tavi. da ai, maRla, maRla caSi gamoCnda lamazi mefuri
svavi. is iyo mbrZanebeli, ufro sworad dedofali yvela mefuri
svavisa. dinjad CamoeSva mSvenieri svavi miwaze da mkvdar irems
miujda. uceb wamoxta Samani, daiWira svavi da colad SeirTo.
didxans cxovrobdnen isini tkbilad. maT bednierebas erTa-
derTi ram uSlida xels. Samanis cols uricxvi tili eseoda.
magram Samanma am sadardebels uwamla – raRac saponi gamoigona,
waisvamda svavi am sapons da da tipebi moscildeboda. erTxel
maxanokolos colma uTxra:
- ramdeni weliwadia, SenTan vcxovrob, zeviT Cemma keTilma
dedam ki araferi icis amaze. Zalian momenatra. gamiSvi, caSi ves-
tumroo.
- kargi, mec gamovfrindebi dedaSenTano, - miugo Samanma.
oriveni afrindnen caSi. svavebis dedas akatus eZaxdnen.
yvelani did pativs scemdnen akatus, magram misi saxe arasodes
aravis enaxa. is dRisiTac da RamiTac Tavis hamakSi iwva da ara-
vis eCveneboda.
akatus Zalian gauxarda Svilis naxva, Tanac aseTi qmris
gverdiT. man maSinve moisurva Samanis xelovneba gamoecada da ma-
xanakolos ubrZana, iseTi skami gamomiTale, Cems Tavs hgavdeso.

187
aba, rogor unda Seesrulebina Samans sisdedris survili? – aka-
tu hamakSi iwva da maxanakolo imas vera xedavda. magram tyui-
lad xom ar hqonda mimadlebuli yvela sulieris mbrZanebloba.
saSvelad wiTel WianWvelebs uxmo. WianWvelebi Seebnen akatus,
dauwyes kbena. akatum veRar moiTmina da wamoxta. Samani am dros
hamakis qveS ijda. dainaxa akatu. iciT, ra naxa? – akatus erTi
ki ara, Tormeti Tavi eba. maxanakolos xma ar amouRia. svavTa
deda kmayofili darCa da xmamaRla uTxra:
- diax, vxedav, namdvilad gawafuli Samani xar!
magram akatusTvis es cota aRmoCnda. axla maxanakolos
mosTxova:
- aiRe ankesi, wadi tbaze da Tevzi momarTvi.
usmina Samanma, wavida tbaze, daiWira uSvelebeli Tevziebi
da ukan gamoeSura. gzad didi Tevzebi patarebad aqcia, foTleb-
Si Seaxvia da sidedrs miarTva.
- rogor gabede da makadre amisTana WiWyinebis motanao? –
daiRriala akatum da gabrazebulma Sors gadayara Tevzebi.
WiWyinebi wamsve uSvelebel lamaz Tevzebad iqcnen. akatum
gaoceba ver dafara:
- ai, mesmis, namdvili gawafuli Samani xaro!
amasac ar dasjerda akatu. siZes uTxra:
- ai, kalaTi, wadi, wyali momitane, mwyuriao.
Samanma icoda, kalaTiT wyals ver moitanda, magram aRar
SeekamaTa, aiRo kalaTa da wavida. bevri ecada, mainc ver moifiq-
ra, rogor moetana wyali kalaTiT. iqve WianWvela micocavda.
Samans hkiTxa:
- ras Svrebio?
maxanakolom uambo Tavisi gasaWiri.
- nu wuxxar, - giSvelio, - uTxra WianWvelam.
adga da kalaTas nasvretebi nerwyviT amouglisa. kalaTas
wyali ar gasdioda. maxanakolom gaavso kalaTa, miutana akatus
da uTxra:
- aha, wyali mogitaneo.
Zalian gaukvirda akatusda mesamed Tqva:
- diax, vxedav, Zalian gawafuli Samani xar. – mere kidev
erTxel dasZina: - yvela Samanze ufro gawafulio.
akatum moixmo Tavisi Svilebi da ubrZana, SamanisTvis didi
da mSvenieri baRi gaeSenebinaT.

188
 - aseTi gawafuli Samani samudamod CvenTan unda darCes, -
Tqva man. es ki Tqva akatum, magram gulSi SiSi hqonda Separuli.
amitom Svilebs saidumlod ubrZana:
- baRSi mosasveneblad rom wamowveba, mokaliTo.
SvilTa Soris erT-erTma Samans acnoba, rasac upirebdnen.
- gvibrZana, mogklaT, roca baRSi mosasveneblad wamowvebi.
male gaiqeci, Tavs uSveleo.
Samanma yurad ar iRo keTili svavis gafrTxileba.
- arc mifiqria, samudamod TqvenTan davrCeniliyavi, - uT-
xra man, magram sanam Sin gavemgzavrebode, erTxel kidev minda
Cemi xelovneba gamovavlino da cbieri akatu gavacuroo.
meore dRes, dilaadrian, baRi mzad iyo, garSemo maRali
Robe ertya. akatus eWvic ar epareboda, rom Samani baRs Tavs
ver daaRwevda. da mainc, maxanakolom amjeradac ajoba akatus.
Tavisma sayvarelma fleitam uSvela. fleitas mravali nasvreti
hqonda. Samanma baRis zRudeSi ipova viwro xvreli, fleita Sig
ise SeaZvrina, rom sami nasvreti Robis gareT moqceuliyo. Tvi-
Ton buzad iqca, SeZvra fleitaSi da gareT amoyo Tavi. movidnen
svavebi maxanakolos mosaklavad, magram misi kvali sadRac gam-
qraliyo. mxolod sadRac, Robis iqiT mxiarulobda fleita. ase
gaacura Samanma maxanakolom svavebi da dedamiwaze dabrunda.

sai
saidan
dan gaC
gaCnda
aCnda kaktu
aktusi
tusi pei
peiote
meqsika

erTxel axalgazrda princi xikuli iremze sanadirod wavi-

da. tyeSi princs saSineli urCxulebi Semoexvivnen da misi mok-
vla undodaT. Wabuki jadoqrobiT RurRut tyeSi Seityues, xel-
fexi Seukres da galiaSi Casves.
amaod cdilobda princi borkilebis moxsnas. galiasTan er-
Ti didi, bumbuliT mosili iaguari movida da princs uTxra,
erTi frTa gamomaZvreo. sinamdvileSi igi iaguari ki ara, boro-
ti jadoqari iyo da undoda, princi ecTunebina. princi iaguars
frTas Tu gamoaZrobda, saSineli ubedureba daatydeboda Tavs.
gaborotebulma iaguarma erTi daiRriala da gaiqca. am dros

189
mgalobeli Citebi stvenas mohyvnen, uxmes mxecebs. Tagvebma
princs xel-fexze borkili gadauRrRnes. sxva mxecebma galiis
cxaurebi daamtvries.
princi gaaTavisufles Tu ara, gaiqca. urCxulebi gamoekid-
nen. RmerTebma princi irmad gadaaqcies, rom ufro swrafad gaq-
ceuliyo, magram boroti sulebi av ZaRlebad iqcnen, daewivnen,
Semoexvivnen da saca iyo dafleTdnen.
uceb iremi gaqra, pawawina girCis msgavs kaktusad iqca da
miwaSi daimala. ase gaCnda kaktusi peiote.
amgvarad dascines RmerTebma urCxulebs, mudam keTili
princi ki aRarasodes gadaqceula adamianad, samudamod kaktus-
peioted darCa, romelic ase sWirdeba adamianebs.

rogo
rogor
gor da
daex
exma
exmara
mara tai
taiini adami
damia
mianebs
nebs
cecxlovani miwa

uxsovar dros erTi boroti da gulqva dedakaci cxovrob-

da, saxelad taita erqva. uZlieresi qali iyo taita, mTeli
lasvaixi mas emorCileboda.
didi xnis wyals danatrebuli lasvaixis xalxi Sav dReSi
iyo. am avma dedakacma mTel wyaroebsa da auzebs, tbebsa da Wao-
bebs tyavi gadaafara da wylis waReba yvelas aukrZala. taitas
sacxovrebelTan uamravma xalxma moiyara Tavi imitom, rom kun-
Zulis sxva adgilebSi maSin saerTod ar iyo wyali.
magram taita ise fxizlad darajobda, wyals veravin iReb-
da. Tu vinme gabedavda axlos misvlas, taita mas didze didi,
TeTri qvis daniT klavda. is ki ara, zRvis mxecebze nadiroba da
moluskebis Segrovebac ki aukrZala xalxs.
didi xani gauZlo xalxma uwylobasa da SimSils. adamianebi
ZlivsRa dalaslasebdnen, bavSvebi exocebodaT. bolos moxucebma
erTad moiyares Tavi, unda gadaewyvitaT, rogor moqceuliyvnen.
im berikacebSi erTi Wkviani da didad pativcemuli moxuci Woti
– kauxi – eria. mas erTi Ronieri da mardi SviliSvili hyavda.
swored es SviliSvili gaaxsenda kauxs da gadawyvita, daebarebi-
na. man berikacebs urCia:

190
 - unda movklaT es dedakaci! imas Tu ar movklavT, Cven da-
viRupebiT. wyals ar gvaZlevs da arc saWmeli gvaqvso!
berikacebi yuradRebiT usmendnen da yvelaferSi eTanxmebod-
nen. kauxma erTi Wabuki afrina kolibr taiinTan, Tavis SviliS-
vilTan, TxovniT, rac SeiZleba male modiTo! Caura – Savi SaSvi
– swrafad daadga gzas. oRond RamiT midioda, raTa borot tai-
tas ar daenaxa.
Wabuki taiinTan mivida da uTxra:
- kauxma damabara, male movideso!
taiini swrafad gaemzada da oriveni gzas gaudgnen. roca
mividnen, xalxma taiini damala, raTa borot dedakacs Tvali ar
moekra misTvis. xalxs taiinis damalva ar gasWirvebia – patara
tanis iyo da imitom.
taiins im Rames ar sZinebia, sul imis fiqrSi iyo, rogor
moeSorebina Tavidan gulqva dedakaci. ase gaatara uZilo Rame
Tavis papis, kauxis qoxSi. diliT berikaci SviliSvils Seevedra:
- uwylobiT daviRupebiT, rame unda gviSveloo!
taiini wamoxta da qoxidan gamovida. man dainaxa wyurvili-
Ta da SimSiliT gatanjuli xalxi. taiinis danaxvam yvela gaaxa-
ra.
- taiini, taiini mosulao! – CurCulebdnen aRtacebulebi.
mere axlos modiodnen, rom ukeT SeeTvalierebinaT. oRond
metad frTxilobdnen, taiini ar gavceTo.
- taitas mosaklavad marto wadi. rac ar unda iyos, naTe-
savi var da mis mokvlas ver vuyurebo! – uTxra kauxma taiins.
taiini papis qoxidan pirdapir qor-karkaiusTan wavida. moi-
TaTbires, rogor moeklaT taita, da mis qoxs mieparnen.
taiini Surduls xerxianad isroda. metad Ronieric iyo.
misi nasroli qva yovelTvis mizans xvdeboda, Tanac ise Zlie-
rad, rom irgvliv sul Waxanis xma dgeboda. Wabukebi axlos mi-
cocdnen da daelodnen, magram boroti dedakaci arsad Canda.
gverdigverd mdgari Wabukebi mouTmenlad elodnen mis gamoCenas...
bolos taitam qoxidan gamoixeda, taiinma uzarmazari qva iseTi
ZaliT esrola, rom Tavi waaglija! sisxlma maRla aasxa da yve-
la mxares moefina. rogorc iqna, sazizRari dedakaci mokvda.
xalxi imav wuTs gaCnda maTTan. wyali unda aeRoT – yvela-
ni xom wyurviliT itanjebodnen! samwuxarod, yvela gubeSi, Wa-
obsa Tu tbaSi taitas TiTo wveTi sisxli mainc Cavardniliyo!
aseTi wylis daleva ki ar undodaT. ra unda eqnaT? rogor amo-

191
esufTavebinaT wylebi, rogor moeSorebinaT sisxli? yvelani ime-
diT Sescqerodnen taiins, iqneb rame gveSveloso. marTlac, man
amoxapa WuWyiani wyali da Sors CrdiloeTisaken gadaRvara, iq,
sadac didi kunZuli mTavrdeba. im adgilebSi wyali axlac sis-
xliviT wiTelia.
kauxi uyurebda taiins da dauyvira:
- sayvarelo SviliSvilo, Cems sacxovrebel adgilas, naSa-
SabSi nu gadaRvri mag WuWyian wyalso.
taiinma daujera. amitomac im mxareSi mudam gamWvirvale da
ankara wylebia. male taiinma WuWyiani wylis xapvas Tavi aneba.
amis magivrad qvebs daavlo xeli da SurduliT aqeT-iqiT dauw-
yo srola. saca ki qva davardeboda, miwa ipoboda da napralebSi
wyali miedineboda. taiini aravis rCevas yurs ar ugdebda, sai-
Tac moeprianeboda, iqiT isroda qvebs! erTi kldis uzarmazari
natexi CrdiloeTisaken gaisrola: iq farTo, grZeli naprali
gaCnda da didi kunZuli dedamiwas gamoeyo. dasavleTsa da aRmo-
savleTisken gasrolilma qvebma uamravi patar-patara kunZuli
warmoSva. yvelgan, saiTac ki qvas gastyorcnida, kunZuli Cndebo-
da. selknamebis (indielTa erT-erTi tomi) samSoblo sul gamoe-
yo Tavis garemomcvel miwas da warmoiSva uzarmazari kunZuli.
maSin brZenma kauxma taiins, Tavis SviliSvils uTxra:
- geyofa, nuRar isvri qvebs, Torem yvelafers davkargavTo!
taiinma Surduli Zirs dauSva. adamianebs xom ukve hqondaT
sufTa wyali, Tanac imdeni, ramdenic moesurvebodaT!
taiinma kamkama wyali irgvliv moasxura. sadac ki wylis wve-
Ti daeca, wyaroebi, nakadulebi da mdinareebi gaCnda. amitomaa,
rom axla wyals CvenTan yvelgan Sexvdebi.
taiini sulmouTqmelad daewafa wyals. mas Semdeg igi yvel-
gan da yovelTvis pirveli svams wyals, WamiTac pirveli Wams da
sxvebis jeri mere dgeba. taiini yvelaze mTavari misania. sxva
xalxma mis Semdeg daiwyo wylis daleva, Tanac rac wyalSi ipo-
veboda, imasac iRebdnen. amitomac iyvnen gaxarebulni da yvelaf-
riT kmayofilni.

192
 arama
ramasa
masa da RvTis
RvTismSo
ismSobe
mSobeli
beli
brazilia

erTxel RvTismSobeli amazonis napiras seirnobda. amazon-

Si, saerTod, okeanis mimoqceva SesarTavidan Zalian did manZil-
ze igrZnoba.
RvTismSobelma talRebSi Tvali mohkra Tevz aramasas, dai-
xara da alersiT hkiTxa:
- aramasa, Tu SeiZleba, miTxari, wyali matulobs Tu kle-
bulobso?
im dros Cveni RvTismSobeli ukve moxucebuli iyo da xma
cota uTrToda. aramasa ki imis magivrad, rom RvTismSoblisTvis
mowiwebiT epasuxa, ukadrisad moiqca. piri moRrica da gamoajav-
ra:
- aramasa, Tu SeiZleba, miTxari, wyali matulobs Tu kle-
bulobso?
maSin RvTismSobelma daswyevla Tevzi. im dRidan aramasas
piri moRrecili aqvs.

mSie
Sieri glexi
lexi,
xi, Rm
Rmer
erTi
erTi da sik
sikvdi
ikvdili
vdilis
lis Jami
Jami
meqsika

qalaq sakatekasis maxloblad erTi sawyali glexi cxov-

robda. Tavisi mindvris mosavali col-Svilis gamosakvebad ara-
sodes ar hyofnida. rac wlebi gadioda, sul naklebi da naklebi
mosavali mosdioda, ojaxi ki izrdeboda. ase rom, TavisTvis
saWmeli aRar rCeboda. rasac iwevda, sul col-Svils aWmevda.
glexma veRar moiTmina SimSili. erT dRes wiwila moipara
da gadawyvita, Sors waeRo da iq SeeWama. veravin ipovida da ve-
Rar Seexveweboda, maWameo.
waiRo glexma patara qvabi da Soreuli mTis ferdobisaken
gaiqca. cecxli gaaCaRa, wiwila gabrdRvna, qvabSi Cado, Tan aTas-
nairi balaxbulaxic Caayola, rom gemrieli wvniani moemzadebina.
kerZi rom moixarSa, glexma qvabi cecxlidan gadmoiRo da
mouTmenlad eloda mis gaciebas. Wamas unda Sedgomoda, rom xe-

193
davs, misken kaci modis, sul ladinos hgavs. glexma maSinve qva-
bi buCqebSi damala da gulSi Seigina: eSmakma daswyevlos, kacis
Tvals aqac ver davemaleo.
mivida masTan ucnobi kaci da miesalma:
- mSvidobis dila, Zmobilo!
- RmerTma mSvidoba nu mogiSaloTo, - miugo glexma.
- aq ras akeTeb, Zmobilo?
- arafers, senior, visveneb. Tqven ki, Tqveno brwyinvalebav,
saiT gagiweviaTo?
- me ise Camoviare da vifiqre, modi, vkiTxav, saWmeli xom
araferi aqvs-meTqi.
- ara, senior, araferi maqvso.
- rogor Tu araferi gaqvs, maS es cecxli rad gagiCaRebi-
ao.
- es ra cecxlia, xelebis gasaTbobad davanTeo.
- rasa cruob, axla ar iyo, buCqebSi qvabi damale! qaTmis
xorcis suni aqac ki mcemso.
- diax, senior, marTlac maqvs qaTmis xorci, magram Tvali-
Tac ver daganaxvebT. Tqven ki ara, sakuTar Svilebsac ver gavu-
nawileb. aq imitom movedi, rom Cems sicocxleSi erTxel mainc
gavmZRariyavi. Cems saWmels vera, ver gagiyofTo.
- modi, davmegobrdeT, nu Zunwob. erTi patara naWeri mainc
maWameo.
- ara, senior, namcecsac ver gaWmev. mudam mSieri var, Cems
sicocxleSi ar gavmZRarvaro.
- cota mainc maWame, uars albaT imitom meubnebi, ar ici,
vina var.
- vinc ar unda iyo, ver gaWmevo.
- ara, maWmev, rogorc ki Cems vinaobas getyvio.
- kargi, miTxari, vina xaro?
- me RmerTi var, Seni mbrZanebelio.
- raxan eg miTxari, erT namcecsac ver miiReb. Raribebi
sul ar gecodeba. yvelafers imas aZlev, vinc mogwons. zogs ma-
mulebs, sasaxleebs, etlebs, cxenebs aZlev, CemisTanebi ki ar
gebraleba. CemTvis arasodes saWmelic ar mogicia samyofad. ho-
da, axla mec lukmas ar gaWmevo.
RmerTi didxans exveweboda, magram glexi vera da ver dai-
yolia. adga RmerTi da ukan gabrunda.

194
 is iyo, glexi Wamas unda Sedgomoda, rom axla Tavs sxva
ucnobi, mitkaliviT gafiTrebuli, gamxdari kaci wamoadga.
- gamarjoba, megobaro, saWmeli xom araferi gaqvso? – uT-
xra glexs.
- ara, senior, araferi maqvso.
- qvawvia nu xar, momeci xorcis naWeri, axla ar daginaxe,
buCqebSi rom gadamaleo?
- ara, senior, ver gaWmevo.
- maWame, uars albaT imitom meubnebi, ar ici, vina varo.
- iseTi vin unda iyo? TviT RmerTi, Cveni mbrZanebelic
xelcarieli gavistumre. imas araferi miveci da Sen mogcemo?
- rom gaigeb, vina var, momcemo!
- maS miTxari, vina xaro.
- me sikvdilis Jami varo.
- Sen ki gagiyof qaTmis xorcs, radgan samarTliani xar.
ganurCevlad migyavs yvela: msuqanica da gamxdaric, beberica da
axalgazrdac, Raribica da mdidaric. SenTvis yvela erTia, ara-
vin giyvars. Sen marTla gaWmev qaTmis xorcso.

qaCa
qaCali
Cali
brazilia

iyo erTi wvrilSvili kaci. ojaxis rCena Zalian uWirda,

Svilebi ki uCndeboda da uCndeboda. sawyali kaci dRe da Rame
imas fiqrobda, ra xeloba avirCio iseTi, rom lukmapuri ar mo-
makldeso. ifiqra, ifiqra da bolos gadawyvita, meTevzeoba daew-
yo. marTlac, dasaxlda mdinaris piras, iWerda Tevzs da col-
Svils imiT arCenda.
erTxel kaci saTevzaod wavida, Sin ki mosaloginebeli co-
li datova. isrola kacma bade – erTi Tevzic ar mohyolia. is-
rola meored – mainc araferi, WiWyinac ki ver daiWira. daRonda
mebaduri, is iyo Sin xelcarieli apirebda dabrunebas, rom uceb
mdinaris siRrmidan raRac xma Semoesma.

195
 - Tu maCuqeb imas, rac Sens ojaxSi dRes gaCndeba, uamrav
Tevzs dagaWerinebo!
mebaduri dafiqrda. ra SeiZleba gaCndes dRes Cems ojaxSi?
mgoni, Cemma ZaRlma dRe-dReze lekvebi unda dayaroso. coli ki
sul mTlad gadaaviwyda.
- keTilio! – miugo mebadurma.
- aba maS bade isroleo, - moesma pasuxad.
isrola kacma bade da, marTlac, uamravi Tevzi mohyva. kaci
gaxarebuli gaemarTa Sinisaken. gzad erT-erTi vaJiSvili Seegeba
da axara:
- biWi gagviCndao!
Sevida mebaduri saxlSi da ras xedavs: cols gverdiT
axaldabadebuli Cvili bavSvi uwevs – janmrTeli da lamazi bi-
Wuna. karga xans idga mebaduri damunjebuliviT, bolos Zlivs
amoiRo xma:
- dedakaco, mdinaresTan erTi indieli qali cxovrobs. saw-
yals bavSvi moukvda. modi, es biWi imas mivceT, gazardoso!
dedas Zlier umZimda vaJis gaSvileba, magram qmris sityvas
ver gadavidoda.
mebadurma Cvili mdinaresTan miiyvana da, saidanac xma moes-
ma, swored im adgilas isrola. bavSvi talRebSi gauCinarda, mag-
ram ar damxrCvala, micuravda da micuravda mdinaris siRrmisa-
ken, vidre mdidrulad morTul wyalqveSa sasaxleSi ar moxvda.
im dRidan biWi am sasaxleSi izrdeboda da ise davaJkacda, Ze-
xorcieli aravin unaxavs.
erTxel erTi kaci mivida masTan da uTxra:
- me mamaSeni var. saqmeze mivdivar da ori kviriT unda dag-
tovo. – mere gasaRebebis Sekvra gadasca, - aha, es gasaRebebi ga-
momarTvi, mxolod icode, arcerTi karis gaReba ar gabedo, To-
rem davbrundebi da cocxali ver gadamirCebio. – daemuqra da
wavida.
ymawvilma zustad Seasrula mamis brZaneba. ori kviris Sem-
deg kaci dabrunda da vaJs ekiTxeba:
- aba, Svilo, yvelaferi rigze ariso?
- diaxo, - miugo Svilma.
gavida kidev ori kvira da mamam Svils uTxra:
- cota xniT kidev unda dagtovo. ai, gasaRebebi, gamomar-
Tvi, magram icode, arcerTi kari ar gaaRo da arafers Seexo,
Torem vai Sens dResao.

196
 daemuqra da wavida.
ymawvili marto darCa. axla ki veRar moiTmina, aiRo gasa-
Rebebi da erTi kari gaaRo. oTaxSi sami uSvelebeli qvabi idga:
erTSi oqro duRda, meoreSi – vercxli, mesameSi – spilenZi.
ymawvilma oqros qvabSi TiTi Cahyo da, hoi, saocrebav! –
TiTi oqrod ar eqca! bevri ixexa, sapniTac ibaan, magram verafe-
ri uSvela. raRa unda eqna, adga da naWriT Seixvia. Semdeg sxva
oTaxis karic gaaRo. am oTaxSi sami uSvelebeli cxeni idga –
yornisferi, TeTri da wablisferi. samiveni balaxis magivrad
xorcsa sWamdenn. ymawvilma axla mesame kari gaaRo, oTaxSi uSve-
lebeli lomi iwva da xorcis magivrad balaxsa Wamda. meoTxe
oTaxSi didi magida idga. magidaze sami yuTi ido. erT yuTSi
cisferi qaRaldebi eyara, meoreSi TeTri, mesameSi ki sxvadas-
xvagvari daSna, Tofi da saWurveli ewyo. ymawvilma SiSiT xeli
verafers axlo da swrafad daketa yvela oTaxis kari.
ori kviris Semdeg mama dabrunda da hkiTxa:
- yvelaferi rigzea Tu arao?
- diax, mama, yvelaferi rigzea, xeli arafrisTvis mixliao,
- miugo Svilma.
magram nanaxi saswaulebi mosvenebas ar aZlevda ymawvils.
yvelaze metad is aocebda, ratom Wamdnen cxenebi xorcs da lo-
mi ki balaxs. ymawvilma gadawyvita, radac ar unda dajdomoda,
daebrunebina maTTvis Zveli Cveuleba.
ori kviris Semdeg mama isev wavida. rogorc ki marto dar-
Ca, ymawvili Sevarda cxenebis oTaxSi da, is iyo, xorci unda ae-
Ro, rom erTma cxenma uTxra:
- xeli arafers axlo, Torem mamaSens cocxali ver gada-
urCebi. Tu aqedan gaqceva gsurs, Sedi im oTaxSi, sadac yuTebi
alagia. amoiRe ori qaRaldi – cisferi da TeTri, amoirCie la-
mazi tansacmeli da Caicvi, SeiaraRdi da romelime Cvengans Sea-
jeqi, meore ki aRviriT gaiyole, mamaSeni gamogvidgeba, rom dag-
veweva, jer erTi qaRaldi gadaagde, mere – meore, danarCenze ki
me TviTon vizrunebo.
ymawvils cxenma isic ubrZana, oqros qvabSi Tavi Cayavi da
oqrosTmiani gaxdebio.
ymawvilma yvelaferi Seasrula: oqros qvabSi Tavi Cayo, me-
re lamazi tansacmeli gadaicva, iaraRi aisxa, jibeSi ori qaRal-
di Caido, wablisfer cxens Seajda, TeTra aRviriT waiyvana da
ufro metad rom gaececxlebina mama, loms balaxi aacala da

197
yornisfer cxens dauyara, xolo cxenebis xorci ki loms miug-
do. Semdeg hkra dezi wablas da gaaqrola.
ori kviris Semdeg mama dabrunda da mixvda, Svils misi
brZaneba ar Seesrulebina. gacecxlebuli moaxta Savra cxens da
ymawvils gamoudga.
sdia da, bolos, daewia kidec. wabla cxenma igrZno saf-
rTxis moaxloveba da ymawvils urCia, TeTri qaRaldi gadaagdeo.
gadaagdo Tu ara TeTri qaRaldi, maT ukan saSineli nisli Ca-
mowva. magram Savra metismetad sazriani cxeni iyo, Tumca didi
jafa daadga, mainc gaikvlia gza. amasobaSi ymawvilma karga manZi-
liT Camoitova mdevari. mamam sdia, sdia da bolos isev wamoewia
ymawvils. ymawvilma axla cisferi qaRaldi isrola. qaRaldi
farfatiT daeca Zirs da gauval jagnarad iqca. Savras patroni
Seexvewa:
- oRond am jagnars gadamatare da jados mogxsnio!
- maSin unagiri da aRviri amxseni da ubeloze Semajeqio!
patronma daujera da SiSvel zurgze moaxta cxens, Savram
ki, Sevarda Tu ara jagnarSi, mxedari Zirs gadmoagdo da suli
gaacxebina. mere wamoewia ymawvils da masTan erTad gaqusla. wab-
la cxeni rom moiqanca, ymawvili axla TeTr cxenze gadajda.
iares, iares, da bolos karga Sors Tvali mohkres erT qa-
laqs.
cxenebma ymawvils uTxres:
- axla Cven aq davrCebiT da lodebad viqceviT. Sen eg tan-
sacmeli gaixade, iaraRi aiyare da qalaqisken gaswi. gzad mkvdar
xars naxav. amoaWeri buSti, gabere da Tavze daixure, rom oqros
Tmebi dagefaros. mere wadi da beds ewie. Tu gagiWirdes, CvenTan
modi da giSveliTo.
ymawvili swored ise moiqca, rogorc cxenebma daariges:
moZebna mkvdari xari, amoaWra buSti, daixura Tavze da ise Sevi-
da qalaqSi.
bevri iara Tu cota iara, xelmwifis sasaxles miadga da
WiSkarze daabraxuna. ezodan mebaRem gamoixeda da hkiTxa:
- ra gindao?
- iqneb cotaodeni ram maWamo, ise mSia, fexze Zlivsa vdga-
var, - sTxova ymawvilma. mere isic daayola, - TanaSemwed xom ar
amiyvandio.

198
 mebaRes Seebrala da mgzavri ezoSi SeipatiJa. daapura da
mere hkiTxa, ra gqviao. me usaxelo varo, - miugo ymawvilma. ma-
Sin qaCali gerqvaso! – uTxra mebaRem.
gavida xani. cxovrobda qaCali sasaxleSi da uvlida xel-
mwifis baRs. erTxel ymawvili forToxlis xes amoefara da qu-
di moixada, rom oqros Tmebi daevarcxna. swored am dros xel-
mwifis umcrosi asuli fanjridan iyureboda. qalma Tvali moh-
kra Tu ara vaJs, maSinve Seuyvarda.
meore diliT moxucma mebaRem, Cveulebisamebr, xelmwifis
samive asuls yvavilebis Taiguli miarTva. mebaRe rom Sevida,
xelmwifis umcrosma asulma uTxra:
- xvalidan yvavilebi qaCalma momitanoso!
xelmwife da ufrosi debi am ucnauri survilis gamo go-
gonas masxrad igdebdnen. is ki Tavisas gaiZaxoda. im dRidan
xelmwifis umcros asulTan yvavilebi, marTlac, qaCals mohqon-
da.
erTxel am saxelmwifoSi jiriTi unda gaemarTaT da yvela-
ni sayureblad wavidnen. sasaxleSi marto qaCaliRa darCa.
- waval, mWedelTan Sevivli da vTxov didi dana gamomiWe-
doso! – uTxra man moxuc mebaRes.
rogorc ki Tavi gaiTavisufla, maSinve lodebisaken gaeqana.
yvelaferi uambo cxenebs, da daxmareba sTxova. uceb, sad iyo,
sad ara, mdidrulad mokazmuli wabla gaCnda. ymawvilma tansac-
meli gamoicvala, Tavidan xaris buSti moiZro da oqrosferi
Tmebi mxrebze Camoiyara. mere im wablisfer cxens moaxta da ase
gamowyobili Sejibrze wavida. SejibrSi yvela mowinaaRmdege ra-
indi dajabna. Subis erTi tyorcniT Camoagdo samizneze Semode-
buli rgoli da xelmwifis umcros asuls miarTva. xelmwifis
asulma ki mwvane babTa aCuqa. raindma babTa Tavis Subs Semoaxvia
da gauCinarda. yvela aRtacebuli iyo misi garegnobiT da vaJka-
cobiT, magram aravin icoda, vin iyo da saidan movida. – rogorc
moulodnelad moevlinaT Wabuki, ise moulodnelad gaqra.
xelmwife da misi asulebi sasaxleSi rom dabrundnen, qaCa-
li isev baRSi muSaobda. cota xnis mere moxuci mebaRec dabrun-
da dResaswaulidan da qaCals dawvrilebiT mouyva jiriTis amba-
vi. oqrosTmiani raindic ar daviwyebia: misi asaval-dasavali ara-
vin icoda, amitom xelmwifem brZaneba gasca, Tu is ymawvili
xval Sejibrze kidev gamoCnda, SeipyariT da momgvareTo! Sejib-

199
ris adgilas yaraulebs daayeneben da ucnobi xelidan veRar da-
usxltebaTo... – daasrula moxucma mebaRem.
meore dRes qaCalma, Cveulebisamebr miarTva Taiguli xel-
mwifis umcros asuls. qali ukve avadmyofurad iyo Seyvarebuli
vaJze. xelmwifis asulma qaCals rom Sexeda, moeCvena TiTqos
swored is unda yofiliyo oqrosTmiani raindi.
jiriTi meore dResac grZeldeboda. qaCalma isev sTxova
moxuc mebaRes, mWedelTan gamiSvio, guSin mWedelic doRze iyo
da dana ver momiswroo. gauSva Tu ara, qaCali maSinve lodebTan
gaCnda. mis Zaxilze wablaze ufro mdidrulad Sekazmuli TeTra
movarda. ymawvilma tansacmeli gamoicvala, Tavidan xaris buSti
moiZro da TeTr cxenze amxedrebuli jiriTze gamocxadda. im
dRes ufro met xalxs moeyara Tavi. xelmwifis mcvelebi ukve
Casafrebulebi iyvnen. oqrosTmiani raindis danaxvam yvela gaaoca.
rogorc ki Sejibris dawyebis niSani misces, ymawvilma cxeni qa-
riviT gaaqrola, cxendacxen Camoxsna oqros rgoli da xelmwi-
fis umcros asuls miarTva. man ki samagierod alisferi babTa
usaxsovra. ymawvilma is babTac Subs Seaba da, is iyo, moabruna
kidec Tavisi TeTra gasaWeneblad, rom irgvliv xelmwifis mcve-
lebi Semoertynen. maSin mxedarma mcvelebs Tavze gadaavlo cxeni
da gauCinarda.
xelmwife da misi asulebi sasaxleSi rom dabrundnen, qaCa-
li baRSi daxvdaT da winandeburad miwas CiCqnida.
xelmwifis umcrosi asuli meti siyvarulisgan mTlad Ca-
moxma da dailia. magram meore dRes, man kidev mohkra Tvali qa-
Cals, igi fanCaturSi idga da oqros Tmebs ivarcxnida. qali sa-
bolood darwmunda, qaCali swored is mzeWabuki ariso da sixa-
rulisagan aRar icoda, ra eqna.
Sejibri mesame dRes mTavrdeboda da yvela iq wavida. qaCa-
li kvlav daeTxova moxuc mebaRes, mWedelTan gamiSvio.
rogorc ki lodebTan mivida, didebulad mokazmuli Savra
cxeni masTan gaCnda. ymawvili Semoaxta cxens da moednisken gaa-
Wena. kargad rom miuaxlovda, dainaxa, xelmwifis SeiaraRebuli
razmi, razmi mis gamoCenas eloda. ymawvils ar SeSinebia. hkra
cxens dezi, mesamedac Camoxsna rgoli da Tavis rCeuls miarTva.
ukan rom gamotrialda, ymawvils mcvelebi gars Semoertynen Se-
sapyrobad, magram Savram erTi Seinavarda, yvelas Tavze gadaevlo
da moCvenebasaviT gaqra.

200
 dabrunda xelmwife Tavisi ojaxiT sasaxleSi, qaCali ki
Zveleburad baRSi iCiCqneboda. aba vin ifiqrebda, rom swored es
iqneboda oqrosTmiani raindi.
xelmwifis umcrosma asulma ki yvelaferi icoda.
im xanebSi saxelmwifos erTi SvidTaviani urCxuli SemoeC-
via. irgvliv yvelaferi gaacamtvera da didZali xalxi gadasan-
sla. veravin SeZlo misi damarcxeba. xelmwifem brZana, vinc am
urCxulTagan gvixsnis, Cems ufros qaliSvils SevrTavo. magram
aba, vin gabedavda saSinel metoqesTan SebrZolebas! maSin qaCali
Cumad wavida Tavis saswaulmoqmed lodebTan da dawvrilebiT
uambo yvelaferi. uceb mis win Savra cxeni gaCnda da ymawvils
aseTi rCeva misca:
- kiserze didi sarke Camomkide, zed Semajeqi da uSiSrad
gaswi urCxulisaken. urCxuli Tavis oreuls rom dainaxavs sar-
keSi, meore urCxuli egoneba da SekrTeba, Sen amasobaSi dro
ixelTe, Seutie da ueWvelad daamarcxebo.
ymawvili asec moiqca. gangmira SvidTaviani urCxuli. ur-
Cxulis mokvlis ambavi da mTels saxelmwifoSi gaakres xelmwi-
fis brZaneba: - urCxulis mkvleli saCqarod sasaxleSi gamoc-
xaddeso, magram sasaxleSi aravin misula. maSin xelmwifem gadaw-
yvita, samive asuli saCqarod – Tundac imave dRes – gaeTxovebi-
na. daiwyes sasiZo ufliswulebis amorCeva. moulodnelad um-
crosma asulma mamas ganucxada, qaCali mebaRis garda colad
aravis gavyvebio. xelmwife metismetad ganurisxda umcros
asuls, magram mainc verafers gaxda.
qorwilis dRes xelmwifem gadawyvita, didi nadimi gadaexa-
da da Tavis sasiZoebs daavala, qorwilisTvis rac SeiZleba bev-
ri gareuli frinveli daxoceTo.
ufliswulebma sanadirod sxvadasxva mxares gaswies, magram
erTi Citic ki ver mokles. samagierod, qaCalma imarjva – Tavisi
cxenebis daxmarebiT imdeni frinveli daxoca, mTels saxelmwi-
fos eyofoda. nanadireviT datvirTul qaCals gzaze sasiZoebi
Semoeyarnen. erTma sasiZom sTxova, Seni nanadirevi momyideo. qa-
Cali daTanxmda, mxolod xelwerili CamoarTva da Seinaxa.
dadga qorwilis dRec. yvela sagangebod gamowyobili ga-
mocxadda sasaxleSi. mxolod qaCals ecva ubralo tansacmeli.
sxvebi mxiarulobdnen, is ki uxmod ijda kuTxeSi. nadimis dasas-
ruls xelmwifem gamoacxada:

201
 - vidre daviSlebodeT, modiT, yvela Cemma sasiZom raime
TavSesaqcevi ambavi gviTxraso...
adga ufrosi siZe da daiwyo:
- SvidTaviani urCxuli me gavgmire, magram amaze sityvac ar
damiZravs, radgan mindoda, xelmwifis asuls Tavisi gulis kar-
naxiT amoerCia Cemi Tavi da ara mamis brZanebiTo, - man simar-
Tlis dasadastureblad yvelas urCxulis enis amonakveTebi uCve-
na.
Semdeg momdevno siZe wamodga da Tqva:
- Tqven rom dRes frinvelebi miirTviT, sul Cemi daxoci-
li iyoo...
bolos qaCalis jeric dadga.
- axla me momismineT, ras gvetyviTo, - Tqva man, - orive
ufliswuli tyuis. is SvidTaviani urCxuli me movkali. ai, misi
enebi, ufliswuls ki mxolod enis monakveTebi wamouRia. gareu-
li frinvelebic me davxoce da ufliswuls mivyide, amis dasam-
tkicebeli xelwerili aqve maqvs. jiriTSi samjer gamarjvebuli
oqrosTmiani raindic me gaxlavarT. Tu ar gjera, ai is babTebic,
xelmwifis umcrosma asulma rom maCuqao.
qaCalma moiZro Tavidan xaris buSti da gaocebuli xalxis
winaSe Tavisi namdvili saxiT warsdga. xelmwifis ufros siZeebs
miwa rom gaxeTqodaT, is erCiaT. umcrosma asulma ki sixarulis-
gan aRar icoda, ra eqna.

quxi
quxili
xili da misi
misi siZe
siZe
Crdilo-dasavleT sanapiro

moesurva erTxel quxilis qaliSvils, colad gahyoloda

ymawvil saisimos. quxils saisimo usaqmur ymawvilad miaCnda,
Tan arc misi ojaxi exateboda didad gulze. amitom gadawyvita,
biWisTvis ramdenime rTuli davaleba mieca, dauZaxa da ubrZana:
- wadi mTaSi da xuTi sxvadasxva mwvervalidan Segrovebu-
li Tovli momitaneo.

202
 wavida saisimo da mTidan erTi muWa Tovli Camoutana qu-
xils. ganrisxda quxili, ase cota Tovli ra ariso, lanZRa da
lanZRa ymawvili.
- aba erTi scade da SeWame, - uTxra sasiZom, - maSin dav-
rwmundebi, rom arc ise cota momitaniao.
Wama, Wama quxilma, magram ramdens ar ecada, Tovls mainc
ar akldeboda. ganrisxda quxili. mixvda, rom ymawvilma ajoba;
aiRo da Ria karidan gareT moisrola darCenili Tovli. gaibna
es erTi muWa Tovli da sul erTnairad dafara mTeli dedamiwa,
yvela saxli da xe.
- isev iq waiRe, saidanac moitaneo, - Seevedra quxili biWs.
moagrova saisimom Tovli – mis xelSi isev erT muWad iqca
– da xelaxla Camouriga mwvervalebs.
Sin rom mobrunda, quxilma axla sxva davaleba misca.
- wadi da ori mTis lomi momiyvaneo, - ubrZana, - Tavi un-
da Seviqcioo.
ymawvili male dabrunda da Tan ori SeboWili mTis lomi
moiyvana. Caabara isini quxils, magram is iyo quxilma maTTan ga-
TamaSeba moindoma, rom lomebi ecnen da ise dakawres da dakbi-
nes, kinaRam suli ar amoxades.
- momaSore aqedan! isev iq gayare, saidanac moiyvaneo, - See-
vedra quxili.
saisimo miuaxlovda Tu ara, lomebi maSinve dawynardnen da
mSvidad gahyvnen mTaSi. Sin rom dabrunda, lomebiT SeSinebuli
quxili ukve gons iyo mosuli da axali davaleba gaemzadebina.
- wadi mTaSi da axla ori daTvi momiyvane, rom maTTan Ta-
maSiT gaverToo.
saisimo male dabrunda da Tan ori SeboWili daTvi moiyva-
na. Caabara isini quxils, magram rogorc quxilma maTTan gaTama-
Seba moindoma, daTvebi ukana TaTebze Sedgnen da daetaknen. Se-
Sinda quxili – jerac ar daviwynoda, rogor icavda Tavs lome-
bisagan, - da saisimos saswrafod maTi wayvana ubrZana.
Sin mobrunebul saisimos quxilma uTxra:
- wamo, tyeSi wamyevi da kedaris moris daCexvaSi momexma-
reo.
tyeSi quxilma yvelaze grZeli da mZime mori amoarCia, ga-
upo erTi bolo da napobSi soli Caaso. mere saisimos ubrZana:
napobSi SeZveri da gaafarToveo.

203
 daemorCila saisimo. magram SeZvra Tu ara napobSi, quxilma
soli amoaZro da gapobilma morma ymawvili Sig daitana.
- xa, xa, xa! – gaicina quxilma, - xom gaebi! aba, axlac
scade da mag mors Tavi daaRwieo!
Tavisi monafiqriT kmayofili quxili tyidan gamovida da
Sinisaken gaemarTa. is iyo Sedga fexi Tavis saxlSi, rom zur-
gsukan nabijebis xma moesma. mere ki, iqve, saxlTan axlos, gria-
li gaisma, TiTqos raRac mZime davardao. quxilma kari gaaRo da
gamoixeda. karTan saisimo idga, gverdiT ki uzarmazari xe egdo,
- Tan wamoeRo tyidan. gaocebulma quxilma aRar icoda, kidev
ra davaleba SeiZleboda mieca saisimosTvis.
bolos moifiqra:
- Cadi miwisqveSa samyaroSi da sinaTlis burTi momitane.
im burTiT iqaurebi erTobian xolme. xan aqeT gaagoreben, xan –
iqiT, burTi ki anaTebs. hoda, minda, es burTi maT waarTva da aq
momitanoo.
raRas izamda saisimo, Cavida miwisqveSa samyaroSi, iq mar-
Tlac dainaxa manaTobeli burTiT moTamaSe adamianebi, imaTac Se-
amCnies ymawvili da ubrZanes, mand iyav, axlos ar moxvideo. ma-
Sin saisimo kvamlad iqca, magram arc aman uSvela, gadauketes
gza burTisken da TamaSi ganagrZes, xan aqeT gamoagorebdnen, xan
– iqiT.
bolos saisimo iseT ramed gadaiqca, risi danaxvac im ada-
mianebs aRar SeeZloT. kacma ar icis, rad iqca igi. gaeria moTa-
maSeebSi da, roca burTi masTan migorda, dastaca xeli da mi-
wiszeda samyarosaken momavali bilikiT mokurcxla.
rogorc ki saisimom burTi moitaca, miwisqveSa samyaro ma-
Sinve ukunma sibnelem moicva. mdevrebma fisiT gaJRenTili xis
totebisgan CiraRdnebi gaakeTesda imiT gainaTes gza. rac SeeZlo
swrafad gamorboda saisimo, magram arc mdevrebi CamorCebodnen.
is iyo saisimosTvis xeli unda etacnaT, rom quxili da misi me-
gobrebi mieSvelnen.
miwiszeda samyaros rom mouaxlovda, quxilma da misma me-
gobrebma mdevrebs wyali miasxes. wyalma Caaqro CiraRdnebi da
imaTac devnas Tavi anebes. saisimo saR-salamaTi dabrunda Sin da
Tan sinaTlis burTic moitana.
- yoCaR, kargad gaisarje, Svilo Cemo! SegiZlia Cemi qali
colad SeirTo. TxovniT mets aRar Segawuxebo, - uTxra quxil-
ma.

204
 aiRo quxilma sinaTlis burTi da amayad SeaTvaliera igi,
Semdeg ki Tavis megobrebs gaunawila. cota kolibrs misca mo-
sarTavad, cota – bocvers mkerdisaTvis, cotac kidev – koda-
las qoCrisaTvis. mere cot-cota danarCen cxovelebsa da frin-
velebsac Camouriga. dResac naxavT maT bumbulsa Tu bewvze wi-
Tel laqebs. yvelaze bevri sinaTle ki quxilma TavisTvis dai-
tova da iRliis qveS damala.
mas Semdeg, roca quxili gajavrdeba da frTebs daiqnevs,
Tvalwin sinaTle gagvikrTeba xolme. misi gajavreba ki swored
is Weqa-quxilia, ase xSirad rom gvesmis.

sami
sami Zma da baya
bayayi
yayi
meqsika

qveynad erTi glexi cxovrobda. im glexs sami vaJi hyavda.

erT dRes glexma SeamCnia, mis yanas nadiri Tu frinveli SesCve-
oda da anadgurebda. glexma daapira qurdis mokvla, magram aba
ras moklavda, roca imisi kvalic ver aiRo.
danaRvlianda glexi. erT dRes Tavis vaJebs uxmo da uT-
xra: mTels Cems qonebas imas davutoveb, vinc Cemi yanis gamCana-
gebels mkvdars an cocxals momgvriso.
pirvelad umcrosma Zmam daapira wasvla, magram uTxres, be-
di jer ufrosma da saSualom scadoso. ufrosma Zmebma umcross
dacinva dauwyes, SenisTana uWkuom da briyvma aseT saqmes xeli
ar unda mohkidoso.
ufrosma Zmam cxeni, kargi Tofi, sagzali moiTxova da erT
saRamos, roca savse mTvare amovida, gaudga gzas. Suagzaze bayayi
dainaxa. senotes piras mokalaTebuliyo da yiyinebda. daRlili
mgzavri CamoqveiTda da cxeni xeze miaba. mere senotesTan mivida
da bayays uTxra:
- getyoba, daRlili ara xar da imitom yiyinebo!
bayayma miugo:
- Tu mec Tan wamiyvan, getyvi, Tqvens yanas vin anadgurebso.

205
 - Sen saidan unda icodeo! – dauyvira Wabukma. mere didxans
ar ufiqria, wamoavlo bayays xeli da wyalSi moisrola. mere
cxens moaxta da gzas gaudga.
mivida ufrosi Zma da xedavs, yana gaoxrebulia, qurdi ki
ar Cans. mTeli Rame iyaraula Wabukma, magram qurdi versad da-
landa. dilas, lodiniT daRlilma da gabrazebulma biWma erTi
magrad Seigina da Sin dabrunda.
mamam hkiTxa ufros vaJs, ra naxeo. Wabukma miugo: wyeul
qurds yana gaunadgurebia. mTeli Rame vuyaraule, Tvali ar mo-
mixuWavs, magram imis kvals ver mivagenio.
- bedma ar gagiRima, Svilo, Cems qonebas Sen ver dagitove-
bo, - uTxra moxucma glexma.
axla meore vaJis jeri dadga, bedi imas unda ecada. mamam
hkiTxa, - Tan ras waiRebo. – Tofs waviReb, abgaSi sagzals Cavi-
lageb, sxva araferi mindao.
gaudga gzas SuaTana vaJi.
Sua gzaze, ufrosi ZmasaviT, imanac bayayi dainaxa. senotes
maxloblad ijda da yiyinebda. ymawvilma uTxra:
- aba, xma Caikminde! am senotesTan unda daviZino da Seni
yiyini ar momasvenebso.
bayayma ki miugo:
- Tu Tan wamiyvan, iseT rames gaCuqeb, Tqveni yanis qurds
daiWero.
- Seni darigeba ar mWirdebao, - miugo Wabukma da daiZina.
bayayi gabrazda da lavaSebi mohpara. gamoiRviZa Wabukma –
sadRaa sagzali! gabrazebulma wamoavlo bayays xeli da gubura-
Si moisrola, TviTon ki yanisaken gaudga gzas.
mivida da ras xedavs: didi Wreli Citi afrinda yanidan.
Wabukma gadmoiRo mxridan Tofi da esrola. mis fexebTan frTebi
dacvivda. Citi ver mokla, magram Wabuks mainc uxaroda, mamasa
da Zmebs movatyueb: raki frTebs vaCveneb, ifiqreben, Citi mouk-
lavso.
Wabuki Sinisken gaeSura da bednieri RimiliT uTxra mamasa
da Zmebs:
- Cveni yanis qurdi movkali. Tu ara gjeraT, ager, frTebi.
memkvidreoba me mekuTvniso.
magram benhaminma, umcrosma Zmam uTxra:
- raRac ar mjera Seni. frTebi rom moitane, frinveli sad-
Raa. axla me waval da Cits ueWvelad daviWero.

206
 benhaminma aiRo Tofi, abgaSi sagzali Caiwyo da wavida.
senotes rom miuaxlovda, bayayi dainaxa da uTxra:
- bayayo, rac saWmeli wamoviRe, sul Sen mogcem, Tu met-
yvi, Cvens yanas vin anadgurebs da rogor daviWiro qurdi. mad-
lobis niSnad, saca waval, mudam Tan wagiyvano.
bayays gauxarda da uTxra:
- keTili ymawvili Canxar. Seni Zmebi Zalian mecodebian,
rom ar damijeres da cudad momeqcnen. imaT imitomac ar gauRima
bedma. mixaria, Seni saqme bednierad rom midis. am senotes fsker-
ze natvrisTvali gdia, rasac inatreb, yvelafers Segisrulebso.
Wabuki sixarulisagan lamis gadairia.
- mzeTunaxavi coli rom vTxovo, imasac Semisrulebso?
- es patara kenWi marto lamaz cols ki ara, did, karg
saxlsac gagiCens, rom Sig orivem bednierad icxovroT, - miugo
bayayma.
Wabuks gauxarda, marTla bednieri viqnebi, Tu lamazi co-
li meyoleba da didi, kargi saxli meqnebao. manamde mamisa da
ZmebisaTvis qurdi unda miegvara.
bayayma daamSvida Wabuki, eg survilic agisruldeba. axla
ki yanaSi wadi da qurdi daiWireo.
benhamins rac sagzali wamoeRo, sul SeWames da yanisaken
gaudgnen gzas. mividnen da ras xedaven: erTi didi, lamazi Citi
mofrinda da imaT maxloblad Camojda. Wabukma gadmoiRo mxridan
Tofi, daumizna da is iyo, unda esrola, rom Citma Tavi aswia
da nazi xmiT uTxra:
- Wabuko, ar mesrolo, Torem Sens saxeldebuls moklavo.
gaocebulma, gafiTrebulma benhaminma sityva veRar dasZra
da Tofi Zirs dauSva. Citi mivida da isev eubneba:
- me Citi ki ara, qalwuli var. borotma jadoqarma maqcia
Citad, radgan masaviT boroti vaJis coloba ar visurveo.
Wabuks moagonda, ra sTxova senotes Ziras dagdebul nat-
vrisTvals (bayayma xom uTxra, survili ueWvelad agisrulde-
bao) da mixvda, Citi swored is qalwuli iyo, romelzedac oc-
nebobda. guli sixaruliT aevso da dauZaxa:
- rasac ambob, Tu marTalia, axlos modi. Sin migiyvan da
isev qalad iqcevi. mere ki colad gamomyevi da did, lamaz sax-
lSi bednierad vicxovrebTo.

207
 Citi daeTanxma da samiveni Sin wavidnen. Zmebma da mamam rom
dainaxes, benhaminma bayayi da es ucnauri Citi moiyvanao, gaocebi-
sagan xma ver amoiRes. ufro metad gaocdnen, roca Wabukma Tqva:
- me Citi mogiyvaneT, bumbuli ar momitania. es Wamda Cvens
siminds. Citi ar gegonoT, mzeTunaxavi qalia, borotma jadoqarma
aqcia am lamaz Citad. jadoqars ejavreboda, raxan mis vaJs ar
gahyva colad. male isev qalwulad iqceva, radgan senotes
fskerze dagdebuli natvrisTvali Sempirda lamaz colso.
benhaminma axla bayays uTxra:
- Seni SemweobiT es Citi isev qalad iqces da danapirebic
amisruldes – didi, mSvenieri saxlic wamomeWimoso.
bayayma daiyiyina. Citi gaqra da mis adgilas mSvenieri qal-
wuli gaCnda. man madloba gadauxada Tavis mxsnelebs da Wabuks
colobaze daTanxmda.
inaTa Tu ara, gaixedes da ras xedaven saocars: maT win
didi, mSvenieri saxli ar dgas?! aravin icoda, saidan gaCnda. ben-
hamini da mSvenieri qalwuli daqorwindnen. bayayi imaTTan cxov-
robda, yiyinebda da igonebda im dRes, keTil ymawvils rom Sex-
vda.
Surianma Zmebma boroti Caides gulSi, magram benhamins vera
daakles ra. bolos Sercxvenilebi gaiqcnen. qal-vaJi ki darCa
TavianT saxlSi da bednierad, mdidrulad cxovrobdnen.

yane
yanebi
nebis
bis loc
locva
ocva-
va-kurTxe
urTxeva
Txeva
nawyveti henri longfelos poemidan „haiavaTas simRera“. Targmani o.
WilaZisa

haiavaTaze vimReroT yvelam,

man gaamdidra qveyana Cveni,
man gagviwminda mdinareebi
da mogvaSora avi sulebi.
man daamkvidra mze da mSvidoba
ojibuebis tkbil qveyanaSi
da mondaminis grZneuli Zalac
man moipova xalxisTvis tanjviT.

208
damarxulia mZime najaxi,
xmeli kombalic da mSvild-isaric,
gadaiviwya xalxma yiJina,
yiJina brZolis Jinis aRmZvreli.
da qveynad axla mSvidoba mefobs
da martoxela monadirenic
ukve uSiSrad dadian tyeSi.
ageben aryis lamaz Cimonebs
da daokebul mdinareebSi
bades ivseben gemriel TevziT.
mSvidad Sromoben ukve qalebic,
mSvidad Sromoben nekerCxlis tyeSi,
brinjis yanebSi da venaxebSi.

da damSvidebul soflebis irgvliv

laRad Srialebs mwvane simindi,
laRad Srialebs Tma mondaminis,
laRad Srialebs rbili da nazi.
yovelTvis, roca damzrali miwa
iSorebs xolme Tovlis safarvels,
mindvrebs avseben simindis TesliT
xalisiani soflis qalebi.
xolo nislian Semodgomaze
Seesevian yanebs simReriT,
Seesevian da taroebi
Sinisken miaqvT kabis kalTebiT.

erTxel, rodesac ukve lxveboda

gamTbar xnulebSi simindis Tesli,
Cvenma Wkvianma haiavaTam
TavisTan ixmo `mcinare wyali”
da uTxra ase: `unda dagloco,
unda akurTxo amRam yanebi,
unda moavlo grZneuli rkali,
rom yvelafrisgan daicva igi,
rom siminds mweric ver miekaros
da verc Txunelas msunagi cxviri.

209
da RamiT, roca bneldeba irgvliv,
roca Cumdeba irgvliv yoveli
da Zilis suli, nepaueni
Cadgeba xolme qoxis karebSi,
ise Cadgeba, rom mTeli Rame
verafers veRar gaigebs yuri,
verafers veRar ixilavs Tvali, -
Senc, Cemo kargo, maSin adeqi
da gadi gareT, sulmTlad SiSveli.
tans gifaravdes mxolod nawnavi,
mxolod nawnavi, mZime da grili.
Semouare yanebs garSemo,
marto iare yanebis irgvliv
da Seni kvali yanebis irgvliv
jadosnur rkalad iqceva uceb

da yanebamde veRar miaRwevs

verc WiaRua, verc kuo-ni-Si,
verc kuo-ni-Si, WriWinobela,
veRarc muxluxo, Zlevamosili“.
xis kenweroze, yanebis axlos,
ijda mSieri yvavebis jari,
ijda kagagi, yoranTa miefe,
garSemortymuli yaCaRTa razmiT
da dascinodnen haiavaTas
xis kenweroze msxdari yvavebi:
„gesmiT? ras ambobs, Wkuis kolofi,
Turme ra fiqri sdebia gulSi“.
ase ambobdnen Savi yvavebi
da cas swvdeboda maTi sicili.

magram, rodesac simindis yanebs

daawva Rame mTeli simZimiT
da kvlav amRerda bolokarkazi
muqi CrdilebiT mofenil tyeSi
da Zilis suli nepauini
Cumad moadga vigvamis karebs,
swrafad wamodga `mcinari wyali”,
SemoiZarcva wamsve samosi.

210
da Semosili Ramis wyvdiadiT,
darwmunebuli da uSiSari,
daadga biliks yanebis irgvliv
da Semoavlo gatrunul yanebs
grZneuli rkali nafexurebis.

im Tbili Ramis wyvdiadis garda

arvis uxilavs misi sxeuli,
ar gaugia qveynad aravis
misi lamazi mkerdis bubuni.
da mxolod Tbili Ramis wyvdiadi
mWidrod mosavda wminda mantiiT,
da qveynad kaci ar arsebobda
mnaxveli misi mSvenierebis.

xolo, rogorc ki inaTa odnav,

yoranTa Savma mefem kagagim
maSinve uxmo Tavis yaCaRebs,
maSinve iqve gaCndnen isinic.
yornebs fexdafex mohyvnen yvavebi,
yvavebs – SaSvebi, SaSvebs – Cxikvebi
da mondaminis samarisaken
swrafad daeSvnen frTebis dgafuniT.

„unda movTxaroT Cven mondamini, -

ase mReroda Savi laSqari, -
ver SegvaCerebs grZneuli rkali,
CvenTvis arafers ar niSnavs igi,
arc minehahas nafexurebi,
Semovlebuli yanebis irgvliv”.

magram Wkvianma haiavaTam

droze gaigo maTi sicili,
roca isini iWaWebodnen
kenweroebze daskupebulni.
da Tqva: `keTilo, Cemo yvavebo,
didxans gicocxloT RmerTma kagagi,
me ki gaswavliT iseT gakveTils,
rom madlobelni iqnebiT Cemi”.

211
is Cumad idga, vidre riJraJi
amoscdeboda garindul tyeebs,
da simindebze didi sifrTxiliT
gadaafara man badeebi.
TviTon ki Cajda fiWvebis ukan,
myisve monaxa myudro safari
da daeloda yaCaRTa laSqars,
seiris xilvas monatrebuli.

male gamoCnda Savi laSqaric,

male aiklo sivrce yrantaliT
da moefina simindis yanas
basri brWyalebiT da niskartebiT.
magram badeSi aRmoCnda uceb
avi kagagis mTeli laSqari
da afarTxalda gamwarebuli
haiavaTas asmenakebSi.

maSin wamodga haiavaTa,

fexze wamodga iseTi saxiT,
rom SekrTeboda umamacesic.
is daeria yaCaRTa laSqars,
Tavebs aglejda daundobeli,
xolo sxeulebs xeze kidebda,
viT gafrTxilebis niSans sxvebisTvis.
mxolod yoranTa mefe daindo,
mxolod yoranTa mefe kagagi
Tan waiyvana, rogorc mZevali,
Tan waiyvana fexgakoWili.
da mere qoxis Tavze daaba,
frTagaCeCili da moRuSuli.
da uTxra ase: `Cemo kagagi,
rogorc yoranTa ufross da mefes
da rogorc yvela saqmis moTaves,
SeginarCuneb sicocxles mainc
da dagitoveb Cems qoxSi mZevlad,
rom Senma modgmam aseTi rame
aRar gabedos aRarasodes”.

212
da afarTxalda Savi kagagi,
frTagaCeCili da moRuSuli,
aafarTxala veeba frTebi,
Toks Caafrinda basri brWyalebiT.
magram amaod ibrZoda igi,
xeze ekida misi laSqari.

ganvlo zafxulma da erTxel kidev

amoisunTqa Sauondasim
da erTxel kidev gamougzavna
tyeebs da mindvrebs cxeli ambori.
da gaizarda simindis yana,
wamoimarTa mTeli simaRliT,
aaSriala mwvane samosi,
mzeze gafina oqros qoCori.
da taroebmac TeTri kbilebiT
gamoarRvies uceb javSani.

da nakomisma moixmo rZali,

moixmo rZali da uTxra ase:
„xedav, movida Tve foTolcvenis,
ukve mwifea mindorSi brinji.
ukve mwifea Cveni simindic
da SeveWidoT, modi, mondamins,
SemovaxioT mwvane fuCeCi
da gavuCeCoT oqros qoCori”.

da gamovida `mcinare wyali”,

yanisken wahyva moxuc nakomiss.
mere mouxmes mezobel qalebs,
gamoefinnen gogo-biWebic
da Seesivnen yanebs simReriT.
xolo fiWvnaris saamo CrdilSi
wynarad moewyvnen berikacebi,

berikacebi da meomrebi,
gaxveulebi TuTunis bolSi.
isini isxdnen da uyurebdnen
mxiarul Sromas gogo biWebis

213
da uxarodaT maTi sicili,
maTi simRera da Rrianceli.
da Tu naxavda patara gogo
sisxliviT wiTel taros SemTxveviT,
ayvirdebodnen danarCenebi:
`Sen geyoleba lamazi qmari!”
`diax, asea!” – eTanxmebodnen
maT moxucebi da meomrebi.
da Tu naxavda patara biWi
welSi moRunul taros, SemTxveviT,
aireodnen erTad yvelani,
moedebodnen yanas koWlobiT
da Tan yvirodnen: „daiWiT, Cqara,
Cqara daiWiT simindis qurdi!“
da sanam SvebiT avsebda yanebs
maTi sicili da Jriamuli,
sanam kagagi saxuravidan
mwared kioda ganrisxebuli
da misi laSqris sabralo naSTi
gamwarebuli Cxaoda tyeSi,
Tanxmobis niSnad Tavebs iqnevdnen
berikacebi da meomrebi.

214
 zRapris analizi v. propis sqemis mixedviT

nimu
nimuSi
muSi

braziliaSi Cawerili zepiri teqsti “qaCali” zRapris im

tips ganekuTvneba, romelic farTod aris gavrcelebuli evrazi-
is kontinentze. evropaSi cnobilia am zRapris Sveduri, norve-
giuli, daniuri, estonuri, litvuri, irlandiuri, germanuli,
flamandriuli, franguli, ungruli, ruminuli, slovenuri, ser-
buli, xorvatuli, albanuri, rusuli, ukrainuli, qarTuli,
Turquli, arabuli, induri versiebi, amerikis kontinentze ki in-
glisur-amerikuli da espanur-amerikuli versiebi. siuJetTa sa-
erTaSoriso katalogSi am tipis zRapari cnobilia nomriT
ATU530.
braziliuri zRapris sruli teqsti mocemulia danarTSi,
aq ki gTavazobT mis mokle analizs v. propis SvidpersonaJiani
sqemis mixedviT.

zRaparSi aris Svidi personaJi:

1. gmiri – oqrosTmiani biWi;
2. gamgzavni – gmiris mama;
3. antagonisti – mdinaris patroni (zRapris pirvel
svlaSi), urCxuli (zRapris meore svlaSi);
4. mCuqebeli – cxenebi, romlebic rCevas aZleven
gmirs;
5. Semwe – cxenebi, romlebic exmarebian gmirs devnis-
gan gadarCenaSi da urCxulTan brZolaSi;
6. mefis asuli – mefis umcrosi asuli;
7. crugmiri – mefis siZeebi, romlebic gmiris mier
damarcxebul urCxuls Tavis moklulad asaReben.

zRapari agebulia jadosnuri zRapris sqemaze, romelic

problemiT iwyeba da misi mogvarebiT mTavrdeba. zRapari or-
svliania, anu orjer axerxebs gmiri problemis gadaWras: pirvel
svlaSi mTavaria devnisgan gadarCena, meore svlaSi ki antagonis-
tis damarcxebis Semdeg sakuTari vinaobis damtkiceba.

215
 funqciebi teqsti
(epizodebi)
sawyi
awyisi
yisi situ
situa
tuacia
cia iyo erTi wvrilSvili kaci. erTxel kaci
saTevzaod wavida, Sin ki mosaloginebeli co-
li datova. isrola kacma bade – erTi Tevzic
ar mohyolia. isrola meored – mainc araferi.
is iyo Sin xelcarieli apirebda dabrunebas,
rom uceb mdinaridan xma Semoesma.
- Tu maCuqeb imas, rac Sens ojaxSi dRes
gaCndeba, uamrav Tevzs dagaWerinebo!
- keTilio! – miugo mebadurma. isrola
bade da uamravi Tevzi mohyva. kaci gaxarebuli
gaemarTa Sinisaken. gzad erT-erTi vaJiSvili
Seegeba da axara:
- biWi gagviCndao!
Sevida mebaduri saxlSi da ras xedavs:
cols gverdiT axaldabadebuli Cvili bavSvi
uwevs – janmrTeli da lamazi biWuna. mebaduri
iZulebuli iyo, Cvili mdinaresTan mieyvana.
bavSvi talRebSi gauCinarda, magram ar dam-
xrCvala, micuravda da micuravda mdinaris
siRrmisaken, vidre mdidrulad morTul wyal-
qveSa sasaxleSi ar moxvda. im dRidan biWi am
sasaxleSi izrdeboda da ise davaJkacda, Ze-
xorcieli aravin unaxavs.
akrZal
akrZalva
rZalva erTxel erTi kaci mivida biWTan da uT-
xra:
- me mamaSeni var. saqmeze mivdivar da
ori kviriT unda dagtovo. – mere gasaRebebis
Sekvra gadasca, - aha, es gasaRebebi gamomarTvi,
mxolod icode, arcerTi karis gaReba ar gabe-
do, Torem davbrundebi da cocxali ver gada-
mirCebio. – daemuqra da wavida.
akrZal
akrZalvi
rZalvis
vis dar
darRve
arRve-
Rve- ymawvilma pirvelad zustad Seasrula
va mamis brZaneba, meored – oTaxebi daaTvaliera,
mesamed ki akrZalul oTaxSi oqros wyalSi
Tavi daibana da cxenTan erTad gaiqca.

mCuqeb
Cuqebli
qeblis
lis rCe
rCeva
Ceva erTma cxenma uTxra:
- xeli arafers axlo, Torem mamaSens
cocxali ver gadaurCebi. Tu aqedan gaqceva
gsurs, Sedi im oTaxSi, sadac yuTebi alagia.

216
 amoiRe ori qaRaldi – cisferi da TeTri, amo-
irCie lamazi tansacmeli da Caicvi, SeiaraRdi
da romelime Cvengans Seajeqi, meore ki aRvi-
riT gaiyole, mamaSeni gamogvidgeba, rom dagve-
weva, jer erTi qaRaldi gadaagde, mere – meo-
re, danarCenze ki me TviTon vizrunebo.
ymawvils cxenma isic ubrZana, oqros
qvabSi Tavi Cayavi da oqrosTmiani gaxdebio.
ymawvilma yvelaferi Seasrula: oqros
qvabSi Tavi Cayo, mere lamazi tansacmeli gada-
icva, iaraRi aisxa, jibeSi ori qaRaldi Caido,
wablisfer cxens Seajda, TeTra aRviriT waiy-
vana da ufro metad rom gaececxlebina mama,
loms balaxi aacala da yornisfer cxens dau-
yara, xolo cxenebis xorci ki loms miugdo.
Semdeg hkra dezi wablas da gaaqrola.
devna
evna (anta
antago
tagonis
gonisti
nisti ori kviris Semdeg mama dabrunda da mixvda,
misde
isdevs
devs gmirs): Svils misi brZaneba ar Seesrulebina. gacec-
xlebuli moaxta Savra cxens da ymawvils ga-
moudga. sdia da, bolos, daewia kidec.
devnis
evnisga
nisgan
gan gadar
gadarCe
darCena
Cena wabla cxenma igrZno safrTxis moaxlove-
ba da ymawvils urCia, TeTri qaRaldi gadaag-
(Sem
(Semwe
emwe exma
exmare
mareba
reba
deo. gadaagdo Tu ara TeTri qaRaldi, maT
gmirs)
ukan saSineli nisli Camowva. magram Savra me-
tismetad sazriani cxeni iyo, Tumca didi jafa
daadga, mainc gaikvlia gza. amasobaSi ymawvilma
karga manZiliT Camoitova mdevari. mamam sdia,
sdia da bolos isev wamoewia ymawvils. ymaw-
vilma axla cisferi qaRaldi isrola. qaRaldi
farfatiT daeca Zirs da gauval jagnarad iq-
ca. Savras patroni Seexvewa:
- oRond am jagnars gadamatare da ja-
dos mogxsnio!
- maSin unagiri da aRviri amxseni da
ubeloze Semajeqio!
patronma daujera da SiSvel zurgze mo-
axta cxens, Savram ki, Sevarda Tu ara jagnar-
Si, mxedari Zirs gadmoagdo da suli gaacxebi-
na. mere wamoewia ymawvils da masTan erTad ga-
qusla. wabla cxeni rom moiqanca, ymawvili ax-
la TeTr cxenze gadajda.
iares, iares, da bolos karga Sors Tva-
li mohkres erT qalaqs.

217
 cxenebma ymawvils uTxres:
- axla Cven aq davrCebiT da lodebad
viqceviT. Sen eg tansacmeli gaixade, iaraRi ai-
yare da qalaqisken gaswi. gzad mkvdar xars na-
xav. amoaWeri buSti, gabere da Tavze daixure,
rom oqros Tmebi dagefaros. mere wadi da
beds ewie. Tu gagiWirdes, CvenTan modi da giS-
veliTo.
ymawvili swored ise moiqca, rogorc
cxenebma daariges: moZebna mkvdari xari, amoaW-
ra buSti, daixura Tavze da ise Sevida qalaq-
Si.
zRap
zRapri
apris
ris meo
meore biWi sxva saxelmwifoSi Cadis da mefis
svla mebaResTan TanaSemwed dadga.

kvan
kvanZi
anZis
Zis Sek
Sekvra
ekvra erTxel, roca oqros Tmas ivarcnida,
swored am dros xelmwifis umcrosma asulma
Tvali mokra da Seuyvarda.
meore diliT moxucma mebaRem, Cveulebi-
samebr, xelmwifis samive asuls yvavilebis Ta-
iguli miarTva. mebaRe rom Sevida, xelmwifis
umcrosma asulma uTxra:
- xvalidan yvavilebi qaCalma momitanoso!
xelmwife da ufrosi debi am ucnauri
survilis gamo gogonas masxrad igdebdnen. is
ki Tavisas gaiZaxoda. im dRidan xelmwifis um-
cros asulTan yvavilebi, marTlac, qaCals
mohqonda.

Zneli
neli dava
davale
valeba
leba erTxel am saxelmwifoSi jiriTi unda
gaemarTaT da yvelani sayureblad wavidnen. sa-
saxleSi marto qaCaliRa darCa.
- waval, mWedelTan Sevivli da vTxov
didi dana gamomiWedoso! – uTxra man moxuc
mebaRes.
rogorc ki Tavi gaiTavisufla, maSinve
lodebisaken gaeqana. yvelaferi uambo cxenebs,
da daxmareba sTxova. uceb, sad iyo, sad ara,
mdidrulad mokazmuli wabla gaCnda. ymawvilma
tansacmeli gamoicvala, Tavidan xaris buSti
moiZro da oqrosferi Tmebi mxrebze Camoiyara.
mere im wablisfer cxens moaxta da ase gamow-
yobili Sejibrze wavida.

218
dava
davale
valebi
lebis
bis Ses
Sesru
esru-
ru- SejibrSi yvela mowinaaRmdege raindi da-
leba
leba (sam
(samje
amjer):
jer): jabna. Subis erTi tyorcniT Camoagdo samizne-
ze Semodebuli rgoli da xelmwifis umcros
asuls miarTva.

niSni
iSnis
nis dade
dadeba
deba xelmwifis asulma sxvadasxva feris bab-
Tebi aCuqa. biWma samjerve babTa Tavis Subs Se-
moaxvia da gauCinarda. yvela aRtacebuli iyo
misi garegnobiT da vaJkacobiT, magram aravin
icoda, vin iyo da saidan movida. – rogorc
moulodnelad moevlinaT Wabuki, ise moulod-
nelad gaqra.
xelmwifis umcrosma asulma ki yvelafe-
ri icoda.

Zneli
neli dava
davale
valeba
leba im xanebSi saxelmwifos erTi SvidTavi-
(anta
antago
tagonis
gonistTa
nistTan
tTan ani urCxuli SemoeCvia. irgvliv yvelaferi gaa-
brZo
brZola
Zola):
la): camtvera da didZali xalxi gadasansla. vera-
vin SeZlo misi damarcxeba. xelmwifem brZana,
vinc am urCxulTagan gvixsnis, Cems ufros qa-
liSvils SevrTavo.
mCuqeb
Cuqebli
qeblis
lis rCe
rCeva
Ceva maSin qaCali Cumad wavida Tavis saswa-
ulmoqmed lodebTan da dawvrilebiT uambo
yvelaferi. uceb mis win Savra cxeni gaCnda da
ymawvils aseTi rCeva misca:
- kiserze didi sarke Camomkide, zed Se-
majeqi da uSiSrad gaswi urCxulisaken. urCxu-
li Tavis oreuls rom dainaxavs sarkeSi, meo-
re urCxuli egoneba da SekrTeba, Sen amasobaSi
dro ixelTe, Seutie da ueWvelad daamarcxebo.

Zneli
neli dava
davale
valebi
lebis
bis ymawvili asec moiqca. gangmira SvidTavia-
Sesru
esrule
ruleba
leba Semwi
emwis
wis ni urCxuli.
daxma
axmare
marebi
rebiT:
biT:

crug
crugmi
ugmiri
miri acxa
acxade
xadebs
debs adga ufrosi siZe da daiwyo:
Tavi
Tavis
vis pre
preten
retenzi
tenzias
zias:
as: - SvidTaviani urCxuli me gavgmire, mag-
ram amaze sityvac ar damiZravs, radgan mindo-
da, xelmwifis asuls Tavisi gulis karnaxiT
amoerCia Cemi Tavi da ara mamis brZanebiTo, -
man simarTlis dasadastureblad yvelas ur-
Cxulis enis amonakveTebi uCvena.

219
 Semdeg momdevno siZe wamodga da Tqva:
- Tqven rom dRes frinvelebi miirTviT,
sul Cemi daxocili iyoo...

gmiri
miris
ris amoc
amocno
ocnoba
noba biWi hyveba Tavis ambavs: “is SvidTaviani
urCxuli me movkali. ai, misi enebi, uflis-
wuls ki mxolod enis monakveTebi wamouRia.
gareuli frinvelebic me davxoce da uflis-
wuls mivyide, amis dasamtkicebeli xelwerili
aqve maqvs. jiriTSi samjer gamarjvebuli oq-
rosTmiani raindic me gaxlavarT. Tu ar gjera,
ai is babTebic, xelmwifis umcrosma asulma
rom maCuqao.”
bedni
ednie
nieri dasas
dasasru
sasru-
ru- qaCalma moiZro Tavidan xaris buSti da
li gaocebuli xalxis winaSe Tavisi namdvili sa-
xiT warsdga.

220
 testi Sualeduri SemowmebisaTvis

nimu
nimuSi
muSi

1. ra aris alegoria? a) actekebis RvTaeba

b) abstraqtuli ideis konkretul
cnebaSi asaxva
g) religiuri fanatizmi

2. miTebis SedarebiTma Ses- a) amerikis indielebs ar gaaCniaT

wavlam daadastura, rom sakuTari miTologiuri sistema
b) miTebi ar arsebobs
g) msgavsi miTebi SeiZleba hqondeT
teritoriulad erTmaneTs daSore-
bul xalxebs

3. romelia centraluri a) mze

RvTaeba inkas miTologia- b) mTvare
Si? g) koioti

4. totemizmi aris a) rwmena winapari cxovelis Sesaxeb

b) politikuri reJimi
g) jadoqroba

5. animizmi aris a) animaciuri filmi

b) rwmena, rom yoveli sagans aqvs
suli
g) urwmunoeba
6. anTropomorfizacia niS- a) RvTaebis warmodgenas arqiteqtu-
navs ruli nagebobis saxiT
b) RvTaebis warmodgenas cxovelis
saxiT
g) RvTaebis warmodgenas adamianis
saxiT
7. romeli mcenaris mfarve- a) kakaos
li qalRmerTia Skakau? b) yavis
g) Cais

221
8. romel miTologiur sis- a) eskimosebis
temaSia talaxis STan- b) actekebis
mTqmeli qalRmerTi tla- g) irokezebis
solteotli?

9. esqatologiuri miTi niS- a) pirvel pirSi moTxrobil ambavs

navs b) ambavs adamianis Seqmnis Sesaxeb
g) ambavs samyaros aRsasrulis Sesa-
xeb

erTmaneTis sapirispiro a) kosmosi da qaosi

10. cnebebia b) kosmosi da samyaro
g) kosmosi da msoflio

11. CamoTvaleT amerikeli ...

folkloristebi

12. romel miTologiuri ...

sistemebs moviazrebT ame-
rikis xalxTa miTologi-
aSi?

222
 glosariumi

aborigeni (laT. Aborigenes) adgilobrivi, mkvidri mo-

saxleoba, Tavdapirveli binadari.

agavis eklebi (laT. Agave americana) agavis eklebiT

msxverplSewirvis dros iRadravdnen mkerds
Zvel meqsikaSi. Semdeg am eklebs RmerTebs
swiravdnen.

avonavilona (laT. Awonawilona) Crdilo amerikis (zu-

nis tomis) indielTa miTologiaSi yoveli
arsebis Semqmneli da pirvelmizezi.

alegoria (berZn. Allegoria) abstraqtuli ideis an

movlenis konkretul cnebebSi asaxva: maga-
liTad, qali savse fialiT SeiZleba warmo-
adgendes nayofierebis siWarbis alegorias.

anTropogonia (berZn. ἄνθρωπογονία, Anthropogony) miTebi

adamianis Seqmnis Sesaxeb.

anTropomorfizacia (berZn. Άνθρωπος - adamiani, μορφή – forma,

Anthropomorphism), adamianis saxed gadaqce-
va“, “gaadamianeba”.

animizmi (laT. Anima, „suli“, „amosunTqva“) eTno-

logiasa da religiaTmcodneobaSi aRniSnavs
zogadad sulebis an yvela sulieri arsebis
rwmenas. termini „animizmi“ e. tailorma da-
amkvidra da amiT aRniSna religiis uZvele-
si forma, romelic win uZRoda polidemo-
nizms, poliTeizmsa da monoTeizms.

arara (portug. Arará) grZelboloiani Wreli Tu-

TiyuSi centralur da samxreT amerikis te-
ritoriaze.

astraluri miTebi miTebi mnaTobebis Sesaxeb.

223
auTenturi (berZ. αυθεντικός, authentic) 1) xalasi, uSu-
alo da daumuSavebeli. 2) folkloruli
masala, romelic savele kvlevisas absolu-
turi sizustiT aris dafiqsirebuli.

acteki (laT. Aztec) Crdilo amerikidan centra-

lur amerikaSi wamosuli tomi. actekebi
1325 wlisTvis gamoCndnen kunZul tenoC-
titlanze, romelic nawilobriv meqsikis
yureSi Sedioda. legendis Tanaxmad, acte-
kebs aRTqmuli qveynis saZebrad didi quru-
mi uicilopoCtli mouZRoda, romelsac
RmerTebma STaberes suli. mas Semdeg, rac
actekebi centralur meqsikur mTianeTSi
damkvidrdnen, dampyrobel xalxad iqcnen,
romlis aqtiurobasac m. eliade „mistiur
imperializms“ uwodebs. actekebs mudmivad
axali msxverpli sWirdebodaT da isini me-
zobel xalxebs esxmodnen Tavs (maTi rwme-
nis Tanaxmad mze sisxliT Zlierdeba). me-16
saukuneSi actekebis oraswlovani sisxlia-
ni da triumfaluri istoria daasrula
hernando kortesma (1485-1547), romelic
TviTon movida saxelmwifos saTaveSi.
actekebis ena nauas enaTa ojaxSi Sedis.

grizli (ingl. Grisly) didi zomis mtacebeli cxo-

veli daTvisebrTa ojaxidan, gavrcelebu-
lia CrdiloeT amerikaSi.

guanako (laT. Lama guanicoe) lamas saxeoba.

guaraio (portug. Guaraní) indielTa tomi samxreT

amerikaSi (braziliis teritoria).

demiurgi (berZn. δημιουργός, demiurge) samecniero

termini miTologiaSi “samyaros Semqmnelis”
aRsaniSnad.

224
demonologia (berZn. δαίμων – demoni, λογία - moZRvreba,
demonology) mecniereba zebunebrivi boroti
Zalebis Sesaxeb.

domestikacia (laT. domesticus) gareuli cxovelebis mo-

Sinaureba.

emansipacia (laT. Emancipation) gaTavisufleba vinmeze

damokidebulebisgan, uflebrivad gaTanaswo-
reba.

egzogamia (berZn. ἔξω – ucxo, γαμος - qorwineba,

exogamy) Cveuleba, romlis mixedviTac ak-
rZalulia qorwineba erTi da imave gvaris
an Temis warmomadgenlebs Soris. misi sapi-
rispiro movlenaa endogamia (endogamy) -
Cveuleba, romlis mixedviTac qorwineba da-
saSvebi iyo mxolod erTi da imave sazoga-
doebrivi jgufis (tomis, gvaris da misT.)
wevrebs Soris.

empiriuli codna (berZn. ἐμπειρία, empiric) dakvirveba buneb-

riv garemoze, adamianis gamocdilebaze dam-
yarebuli codna.

epikureizmi filosofiuri moZRvreba Zvel saberZneTSi,

romlis Tanaxmadac sicocxlis azri xor-
cieli instinqtebis dakmayofilebasa da
gancxromiT cxovrebaSi mdgomareobs.

eskimosebi (ingl. Eskimo) tomebi CrdiloeT amerika-

Si, romlebic Crdilo-aRmosavleT aziis
arqtikul sanapiroebze, alaskaze, kanadaSi
da grenlandiaSi cxovroben. maTi ena al-
gonkinebis da aTapaskebis enaTa ojaxs gane-
kuTvneba. eskimosebis religiis mTavari ma-
xasiaTebelia Samanizmi.

225
etiologiuri
gadmocema (berZn. αἰτιολογία, etiological myth) zepiri
gadmocema, romelSic axsnilia raime mov-
lenis mizezi.

vigvami (ingl. Wigwam) CrdiloeT amerikis indi-

elTa sacxovrebeli gumbaTiseburi qoxi,
romelic xis totebisa da lerwmisgan keT-
deba.

zoomorfuli cxovelis formis (saxis) mqone, Sdr. an-

Tropomorfizacia.

inka (laT. Inca) me-15 s. andebis maRal mTaSi

warmoiqmnili saxelmwifo. espanel dampyro-
belTa Semosvlisas inkas samefo perudan
Cilemde flobda dasavleT sanapiroebs,
1532 wels is daeca, roca ukanasknel inkas
mbrZanebels dampyoblebma Tavi mokveTes.

incesti (laT. Incestum) sisxlis aRreva uaxloes

naTesavebs Soris.

iSltaksihuatli vulkani meqsikaSi. misi saxelwodeba nauas

enaze niSnavs “TeTr qals” (laT. transkr.
Iztaccihuatl, Ixtlacihuatl, Ixtaccihuatl).

kagagi yorani (ojibves enaze).

kavaibi (port. Caiapó) indielTa tomi samxreT ame-

rikaSi (braziliis teritoria).

kalebasi gogrisgan gakeTebuli WurWeli (samxreT

amerikis indielTa kulturaSi).

kanan-siue samyaros Semqmneli RvTaeba braziliur mi-

Tologiur gadmocemebSi.

kanioni Rrma da viwro xeoba.

226
kanoe (ingl. Canoe) mokleniCbiani navi, romel-
Sic cal muxlze damdgari usvamen niCbebs.

karaJa (port. Karajá) indielTa tomi samxreT ame-

rikaSi.

karoko Casaberi sakravi samxreT amerikis indielTa

kulturaSi.

keCua (laT. transkr. Quechua) samxreT amerikaSi

gavrcelebuli uZvelesi kultura inkebis
imperiis teritoriaze (Cile, argentina,
bolivia, peru, ekvadori) daaxl. Zv. w. II
aTaswleulidan moyolebuli Cv. w. me-16
saukunemde.

kecali (laT. transkr. Quetzal) frinveli, romel-

sac mooqrosfro-momwvano bolo aqvs. mis
bumbuls mxolod gamorCeuli pirebi ata-
rebdnen samkaulad.

kecalkoatli (laT. transkr. Quetzalcoatl) centraluri

amerikis indielTa miTologiis erT-erTi
uzenaesi RvTaeba, samyaros Semqmneli tes-
katlipokasTan da uicilopoCtlTan erTad.

kiCe (esp. Quiché, k’ich’e) ena maias enaTa ojaxSi,

romelzec gvatemalaSi laparakoben.

klamati (ingl. Klamath) indielTa tomi amerikis

Crdilo-dasavleTSi, oregonis StatSi.

klani (ingl. Clan) kelturi warmoSobis sityva,

romelic irlandiasa da SotlandiaSi gva-
rovnul Tems, gvars aRniSnavs. samecniero
literaturaSi gamoiyeneba Caketili sazoga-
doebis mniSvnelobiT.

227
`kodeqs
borbonikus” (Codex Borbonicus) kolumbamdeli actekuri
xelnaweri, Sedgenilia acteki qurumebis
mier, darTuli aqvs espanuri aRwerilobebi.
inaxeba parizis nacionaluri asambleis bib-
lioTekaSi.

`kodeqs teleriano-
remensis” (Codex Telleriano-Remensis) actekuri xelna-
weri, evropaSi Camotanili frangi episko-
posis mier XVII s.

kopali (laT. Copal) surnelovani fisi, romelsac

actekebi sakmevelad iyenebdnen.

kortesi hernando kortesi (1485-1547), espaneli gu-

bernatori, romelic 1519 wels xuTasi ja-
riskaciT mivida iukatakanSi, moxerxebulad
gamoiyena kecalkoatlis dabrunebis rwmena
da ori wlis Semdeg daipyro actekebis sa-
xelmwifo.

kosmogoniuri
miTebi (berZn. κοσμογονία, cosmogony) miTebi samya-
ros warmoSobis Sesaxeb.

kosmologia (berZn. κόσμος, λογία, cosmology) moZRvreba

samyaros rogorc erTi mTlianobis Sesaxeb.

koCamama (laT. transkr. Cochamama) zRvis RvTaeba

keCuas miTologiaSi.

krateris tba (ingl. Crater Lake, esp. Caldera Lake) tba

amerikis Crdilo-dasavleTSi, oregonis
StatSi.

228
kreoli (frang. Créole) laTinur amerikaSi pirveli
evropeli (umTavresad espaneli) koloniza-
torebis STamomavali.

kulturuli
gmiri (ingl. Culture hero, germ. Heilbringer, frang.
Héros civilisateur, rus. Kультурный герой)
samecniero termini miTologiuri persona-
JisTvis, romelic safuZvels uyris civi-
lizacias sazogadoebaSi. kulturuli gmi-
ris sinonimad “demiurgic” gamoiyeneba.

kuo-ni-Si WriWina (ojibves enaze).

kusko (laT. Cusco, Cuzco, Qusqu) inkebis saxel-

mwifos Zveli dedaqalaqi.

ladino (laT. transkr. Ladino) metisebi. agreTve

espanur enaze molaparake indielebi.

lunaruli
miTebi miTebi mTvaris Sesaxeb.

maia (laT. trankr. Maya) tomi centralur ame-

rikaSi, romlis uZvelesi kvali ax. w. III-
IV saukuneebamde midis. VIII saukunis Sua
xanebSi maT oTxi mniSvnelovani centri Ca-
moayalibes (tikali, kopani, palenku da ka-
lakmuli), romelTa irgvliv bevri qalaqi
da sofeli aRmocenda. omebis Sedegad IX-X
saukuneebSi mosaxleobam datova qalaqebi
da junglebs miaSura. amis Semdgom maias
kultura iukatanis naxevarkunZulze gan-
lagda, sadac X-XIII saukuneebSi sxvadasxva
saqalaqo centri warmoiSva. roca espaneli
dampyroblebi centralur amerikaSi Cavid-
nen, maias kultura gaqrobis piras idga.
dResdReobiT maias STamomavlebidan or mi-

229
 lionze meti centralur amerikaSi cxov-
robs: iukatekebi, Coli, Contali, lakando-
nebi da sxv., romlebic ocdaaT sxvadasxva
dialeqtze laparakoben. maT dRemde aqvT
Semonaxuli tradiciuli sakraluri ritu-
alebi imis miuxedavad, rom ukve oTx sau-
kuneze metia, kaTolikeebi arian. maias sa-
kuTari ieroglifuri damwerloba hqonda.
dReisTvis amis sami wigni mogvepoveba. yve-
la naweri da sabuTi fanatikosma espanelma
diego de landam gaanadgura, ris Semdegac
maias qurumebma uZvelesi miTologia Tavisi
dialeqtisa da laTinuri anbanis meSveobiT
gadmosces. maias xalxebis – quiCisa da iu-
katekebis umniSvnelovanesi dokumentebia
“popol vu” da “Cilam balamis wignebi”.

makilSoCitli (laT. transkr. Macuilxochitl) actekebis mi-

TologiaSi gazafxulis mcenareebis, siyva-
rulis, yvavilebis, mxiarulebis, burTis
TamaSis mfarveli RmerTi, “yvavilebis
mbrZanebeli”, tlasolteotlis vaJi.

mangabeira (laT. transkr. Mangabeira) tkbili nayo-

fis mqone xis jiSi samxreT amerikaSi.

mamakacTa
sadgomi samxreT indielTa zogierT toms calke
hqonda mamakacTa sacxovrebeli saxlebi. iq
mxolod axalgazrda da ucolSvilo mamaka-
cebi cxovrobdnen.

manioka (laT. Manioca) mcenare bolqvismagvari

fesvebiT, romlisganac samxreTeli indie-
lebi fqvils amzadeben.

maue (port. Mayoruna) indielTa tomi samxreT

amerikaSi.

230
metisi (frang. Métis) adamiani, romelic warmoSo-
bilia indielisa da evropelis qorwinebis
Sedegad.

miTologema miTologiuri gadmocemis Semadgeneli nawi-

li, ucvleli sidide, romlis variaciebi-
Tac iqmneba miTis siuJeti.

milenarizmi (ingl. Millenarism) rwmena qristes aTas-

wlovani sicocxlis Sesaxeb.

minehaha (laT. transkr. Mine haha) CanCqeri mdina-

reze, romelic misisipis erTvis. minehaha
ojibves enaze “mcinari wyals” niSnavs.

mitimae (laT. transkr. Mitimae) axalmosaxleebi.

maT mmarTveli inkebi axlad dapyrobil
olqebSi gzavnidnen TavianTi xelisuflebis
gansamtkiceblad.

mondamini simindi (ojibves enaze).

montesuma II (laT. transkr. Montezuma) actekebis sa-

xelmwifos ukanaskneli imperatori rome-
lic moxerxebulad daamarcxa hernando
kortesma.

munduruku (port. Munduruku) indielTa tomi samxreT

amerikaSi.

naua (esp. Nahua) amerikis CrdiloeTidan mosu-

li tomi, romelic centralur amerikaSi
dasaxlda Cveni welTaRricxvis dasawyisSi.
nauas enaTa ojaxs ganekuTvnebian tolteke-
bi da actekebi.
nawnaviani
qalRmerTi pirobiTi saxeli uZvelesi mravalfunqciu-
ri RvTaebisa centraluri amerikis indiel-

231
 Ta miTologiaSi, romelic Tavis saxeSi
aerTianebs mcenareTa da cxovelTa samyaros
sulebis Sesaxeb warmodgenebs, ganasaxierebs
dedamiwasa da cas, sicocxlesa da sik-
vdils.

nepauini Zili, Zilis suli ojibves rwmena-warmod-

genebSi.

okultizmi (laT. Occultus faruli, saidumlo) misti-

kur moZRvrebaTa saerTo saxelwodeba.
okultizmis mixedviT bunebaSi arseboben
idumali zebunebrivi Zalebi, romlebTanac
adamianebs SeuZliaT daamyaron urTierToba
magiuri moqmedebiTa da jadosnobiT.

olmeki (laT. transkr. Olmec) tomi centralur

amerikaSi, romelic Zv. w. XV-IV ss. adrek-
lasobrivi sazogadoeba Seqmnes. maTi civi-
lizaciis ayvavebis xana Zv. w. XIII saukunea.
maTi kulturis memkvidrea maia.

ojibve (laT. transkr. Ojibwe) eskimosebis tomi

Crdilo amerikaSi. maTi ena algonkinebis da
aTapaskebis enaTa ojaxs ganekuTvneba.

paCamama (laT. transkr. Pachamama) qalRmerTi de-

damiwa keCuas miTologiaSi.

peiote (laT. Lophophora williamsii) kaktusis saxe-

oba, Zlieri narkotikuli mcenare, romel-
sac centraluri amerikis indielTa yofaSi
saritualo da samkurnalo daniSnuleba
hqonda.

pelota (esp. Pelota) ritualuri burTis TamaSi mai-

as tomebSi. mas safuZvlad udevs msxver-
plad Sewiruli RvTaebis moWrili Tavi,
rasac centralur amerikaSi gansakuTrebul

232
 mniSvnelobas aniWebdnen. pelotas saTamaSo
moedani ciuri sxeulebis moZraobas gadmos-
cems. burTis gza – saTamaSo moednis ori
mxare ganasaxierebs cis mnaTobebisa da Ra-
mis orTabrZolas imisTvis, rom kosmiuri
wesrigi iyos daculi.

popokatepetli (laT. transkr. Popocatépetl) vulkani meqsi-

kaSi. misi saxelwodeba nauas enaze niSnavs
“mbolav mTas”.

popol vu (laT. transkr. Popol Vuh) qurumTa wigni,

maias xalxebis – quiCisa da iukatekebis
umniSvnelovanesi dokumenturi wyaro. da-
culia Cikagos niuberis biblioTekaSi
(Newberry Library, Chicago, the Ayer
Collection).

potlaCi (laT. transkr. Potlatch) saCuqrebis darige-

bis ceremoniali wynari okeanis sanapiros
indielTa yofaSi. saCuqrebis darigebas ax-
lda mravaldRiani qeifi, aTleturi Sejib-
rebebi, azartuli TamaSebi da saRamoobiT
koconTan ambebis Txroba.

preriebis
indielebi es tomebi ganekuTvnebian im kulturaTa
konglomerats, romlebic pirvelad me-18
saukuneSi Seiqmna, roca meqsikidan gareul
cxovelebze monadire cxenosan indielTa
tomebi Semovidnen. preriebis indielebis
kulturaSi sruliad gansxvavebul xalxTa
wes-Cveulebebi gvxvdeba.

profanuli (laT. Profanus) ara wminda, ubralo, yo-

veldRiuri. sakraluris sapirispiro.

puritanizmi 1. XVI-XVII ss. politikuri moZraoba in-

glisSi, romelic miznad isaxavda inglisis

233
 eklesiis gawmendas kaTolicizmis naSTebis-
gan; 2. zneobis mkacrad dacva (xSirad moC-
venebiTad).

Jarakaka (port. Jaracaca) Sxamiani gveli samxreT

amerikaSi.

Jenipapa (port. Jenipapa) mcenare, romlisganac in-

dielebi Sav saRebavs amzadeben.

Jurupari (port. Jurupari) saritualo cekva tarianas

tomSi (brazilia).

reiniri (ingl. Mount Rainier), vulkani aSS-s sanapi-

roze, q. sietlTan axlos.

renesansi XIV-XVI saukuneebSi evropis qveynebSi

kulturuli da ideologiuri ganviTarebis
periodi, romlisTvisac damaxasiaTebelia
mecnierebisa da xelovnebis ayvaveba.

savele kvleva (ingl. Field research, germ. Feldforschung,

frang. Travail de terrain) samecniero kvlevis
mizniT sasurveli masalis (eTnografiuli,
zepirsityvieri, musikaluri, qoreografiu-
li da sxv.) dafiqsireba bunebriv garemosa
da konteqstSi. savele kvlevas sxvadasxva
samecniero disciplinebi mimarTaven, maT
Soris folkloristika, eTnologia, eTno-
musikologia, arqeologia, sociologia.

sakraluri (laT. Sacer) wminda. miTologiis kvlevisas

es cneba gamoiyeneba ritualTan da kul-
tTan dakavSirebiT. misi sapirispiro cnebaa
“profanuli”.

sapoteki (esp. Zapotec) tomi centralur amerikaSi.

isini me-10 saukuneSi miStekebis, Semdgom
ki actekebis gavlenis qveS moeqcnen. amde-

234
 nad, maTi miTologiis gamocalkeveba rTu-
lia actekurisgan.

sarakura (laT. Saracura) wylis Citi samxreT ameri-

kaSi. misi kivili, indielebis rwmeniT, wvi-
mas moaswavebs.

seiusi 1) Svidi varskvlavi tupis tomis indiele-

bis enaze.
2) jadoqris saxeli tupis tomis indiel-
Ta TqmulebebSi.

senote miwisqveSa bunebrivi wyalsacavi amerikaSi.

miwis zeda fena rom Caiqces, Wad iqceva.

simbolo (berZn. Symbolon) raime cnebis an ideis pi-

robiTi niSani. simbolos sxvadasxvagvari
mniSvneloba aqvs: 1) qristianobaSi simbolo
warmoadgens Secnobis niSans; 2) xelovneba-
Si simbolo warmodgenilia rogorc obieq-
ti; 3) mecnierebebSi simbolos sxvadasxva
datvirTva aqvs; 4) z. froidi adamianis ga-
mocdilebas simbolos uwodebs. k. levi-
strosis ganmartebiT, yoveli kultura Se-
iZleba miviCnioT rogorc simbolur niSan-
Ta sistemis erToblioba, romlis pirvel
adgilzec dgas ena, Semdeg qorwinebis wese-
bi, ekonomikuri urTierTobebi, xelovneba,
mecniereba da religia.

skalpi (ingl. Scalp) Tavis kani Tmebianad, romel-

sac aZrobdnen damarcxebul mters da mih-
qondaT nadavlis saxiT. es Cveuleba hqon-
daT sxvadasxva meomar tomebs mTel msof-
lioSi (galebs, skviTebs, indielebs da
sxv).

solaruli
miTebi miTebi mzis Sesaxeb.

235
sofizmi formalurad swori, magram arsebiTad
mcdari daskvna, romelic emyareba cnebaTa
orazrovnebas, amosaval debulebaTa gan-
zrax umarTebulod SerCevas.

stoicizmi filosofiuri mimdinareoba Zvel saberZneT-

Si, romelic gaWirvebisa da gansacdelis
amtanobas qadagebda.

surukuku (laT. Surucucu) Sxamiani gveli samxreT

amerikaSi.

taiini (laT. Colibri delphinae) frinveli. Ciles

kolibri.

tapiri (laT. Tapiridae) centralur da samxreT

amerikaSi gavrcelebuli kentCliqiani
cxoveli ZuZumwovarTa klasidan.

teotihuakani (laT. transkr. Teotihuacan) Zveli qalaqi,

toltekTa winaactekuri kulturis centri
(I-VII ss.), iTargmneba rogorc „RmerTTa
Tayvaniscemis adgili“. actekebis rwmeniT,
teotihuakani mistiur adgils warmoadgens,
sadac samyaros mexuTe eras (anu mzes) mi-
aRwevs.

tenoCtitlani (laT. transkr. Tenochtitlan) qalaqi acte-

kur saxelmwifoSi.

teskatlipoka (esp. Tezkatlipoca) centraluri amerikis in-

dielTa miTologiis erT-erTi uzenaesi
RvTaeba. samyaros Semqmneli kecalkoatlTan
da uicilopoCtlTan erTad. kecalkoatlis
antipodi, Semqmneli da damangreveli.

tiauanako (esp. Tiauanaco) titikakas tbis samxreT na-

pirze mdebare kulturis centri inkas sa-

236
 xelmwifos Seqmnamde. Tayvans scemdnen mzis
RmerTs virakoCas.

tipologia samecniero termini. sagnebisa da movlene-

bis klasifikacia maTi saerTo niSan-Tvise-
bebis mixedviT.

tlaloki (esp. Tlaloc) wvimisa da quxilis RmerTi ac-

tekebis miTologiaSi.

tlasolteotli (esp. Tlazolteotl) miwis, nayofierebis, mruSo-

bis da monaniebis qalRmerTi actekebis mi-
TologiaSi, “talaxis STanmTqmeli“, rome-
lic adamianebs codvebs Camorecxs.

tolani (laT. transkr. Tollan, Tolan, Tolán) tol-

tekebis dedaqalaqi.

toloaCe (laT. Datura stramonium) toqsikuri mcena-

re samxreT amerikaSi, romlis eqstraqtis-
ganac fsiqotropuli sasmeli mzaddeba.

tolteki (laT. transkr. Toltec) centralur amerika-

Si me-7 saukuneSi mosuli tomi, romelsac
maRalganviTarebuli kultura hqonda. maT
maias qalaqi CiCen ica daipyres da Tavisi
eqspansia mTlianad ganaxorcieles. maTi
legendebiT, CiCen ica maTive miTosurma
gmirma kecalkoatlma daaarsa 987 wels.

totemizmi rwmena zebunebriv kavSirze adamianTa jguf-

sa da cxovels Sors.

totonaki (esp. Totonac) tomi centralur amerikaSi,

romelsac saerTo niSnebi aqvs danarCen
kulturebTan (maia, olmeki, sapoteki, tol-
teki): skulpturuli Zeglebi, arqiteqtura,
saxviTi xelovneba da ieroglifuri damwer-
loba.

237
triada (berZn. Triados) sameuli.

triqsteri (laT. Trickster) samecniero terminologiaSi

am sityviT aRniSnaven kulturuli gmiris
antipods.

uaka (laT. transkr. Huaca) 1) inkebis religiaSi

zogierTi RmerTis, winaparTa sulis, zebu-
nebrivi arsebis gamosaxuleba qvisgan gamoT-
lili adamianis figuris an qvis saxiT; 2)
wminda adgilebi, samarxebi, taZrebi.

uiSrami (ingl. Wishram) indielTa tomi, romelic

mdinare kolumbis sanapiroze cxovrobs.

uiStosiuatli (laT. transkr. Huixtocihuatl, Uixtochihuatl,

Uixtociuatl) actekebis miTologiaSi marilis
qalRmerTi, wvimis RmerT tlalokis ufro-
si da, “marilis qali”.

uicilopoCtli (laT. transkr. Huitzilopochtli) actekebis

erT-erTi uzenaesi RvTaeba, omis RmerTi.

umotini indielTa tomi samxreT amerikaSi.

urubu Savi feris zRapruli frinveli samxreT

amerikis indielTa miTologiaSi.

uruku mcenare samxreT amerikaSi. misi wvenisgan

indielebi tanis mosaxat saRebavs amzadeben.

uxulji (laT. transkr. Whulge, Whulj) piujet sa-

undis (Puget Sound) yures adgilobrivi sa-
xelwodeba, rac „marilian wyals“ niSnavs.
qaRaldis
mosasxami qaRalds actekebi amzadebdnen leRvis qer-
qis Siga fenisagan. TeTri qaRaldis tansac-

238
 mels acmevdnen micvalebulebsa da imaT, vi-
sac RmerTebs msxverplad swiravdnen.

qsokolatli (laT. transkr. Xocolatl) kakaos mware nayeni

(Sokoladis Tavdapirveli saxeli actekeb-
Tan).

Samani jadoqari. sityva `Samani” momdinareobs

tungusuri enidan da `jadoqars” niSnavs.
monRolebis dapyrobebis droindel did Sa-
mans qvia `beki”, romlidanac momdinareobs
savaraudod Turquli sityva `begi” (`bato-
ni”).

Sauondasi samxreTis qari (ojibves enaze).

Siloneni (laT. Xilonen), igive Sikomekoatli (laT.

Chicomecoatl) actekebis miTologiaSi axal-
Semosuli simindis qalRmerTi, “qorfa si-
mindis deda”.

Sipe-toteki (laT. Xipe Totec) actekebis miTologiaSi

gazafxulis mcenareebisa da Tesvis RvTaeba.
misi epiTetebia: „Cveni mxne beladi“, „Cveni
sali qvis RmerTi“, „wiTeli teskatlipo-
ka“.

Siutekutli (laT. Xiuhtecuhtli) centraluri amerikis

indielTa miTologiaSi cecxlisa da vulka-
nis RmerTi, misi sabrZanisi samyaros cen-
trSia.

Skakau kakaos qalRmerTi samxreT amerikis indiel-

Ta (kiCes) miTologiaSi.

Solotli (laT. Xolotl) kecalkoatlis tyupiscali

zogierTi versiiT.

239
SoCikecali (laT. Xochiquetzal) siyvarulis, nayofiere-
bis, yvavilTa, orsulobis, saojaxo saqmeTa
qalRmerTi actekur miTologiaSi.

Caki (laT. Chac) maias miTologiaSi wvimisa da

elvis RmerTi, xis mWrelTa mfarveli, misi
saxeli „culs“ niSnavs.

Calkacingo (laT. Chalcatzingo) mxare meqsikaSi, gansa-

kuTrebiT mniSvnelovani olmekebis periodis
arqeologiuri masaliT, monumentebiTa da
ikonografiiT.

CalCiutlikue (laT. Chalchiuhtlicue, Chalciuhtlicue,

Chalchihuitlicue) wylis, tbebis, zRvebisa da
mdinareebis qalRmerTi actekur miTologia-
Si.

Camakoko (port. Xokó) indielTa tomi samxreT ame-

rikaSi (braziliis teritoria).

Cilam-balami (laT. transkr. Chilam Balam) qurumTa

wigni, maias xalxebis – quiCisa da iukate-
kebis umniSvnelovanesi dokumenturi wyaro.

Cimoni (ingl. Tschimon) aryis xisgan gamoTlili

navi CrdiloeTis indielTa sameurneo yofa-
Si.

CiCen ica (laT. Chichen Itza) maias qalaqi centra-

lur amerikaSi, romelic me-10 saukuneSi
toltekebma daipyres.

xTonuri miwisqveSa samyaros warmomadgeneli.

haiavaTa (ingl. Hiawatha) Crdilo amerikis indiel-

Ta, ojibves tomis xalxuri gadmocemebis
gmiri.

240
hermafroditi arseba, romelsac aqvs mamrobiTi da mded-
robiTi sqesis niSnebi.

holivudi kinoindustria aSS-Si. misi istoria 1910

wlidan iwyeba filmiT “Zvel kalifornia-
Si” (reJisori d. grifiti). pirveli kinos-
tudia holivudSi iyo „Nestor Company“,
romelsac mohyva sxva kinostudiebis niu-
iorkidan aq gadmonacvleba da axali kinos-
tudiebis gaxsna. dResdReobiT yvelaze di-
di kinokompaniebia „Universal Studios“ da
„Warner Bros. Entertainment“.

huakasi (laT. transkr. Huacas) inkebis tradiciaSi

wminda sagnebi, romlebic dapyrobili tome-
bisgan nadavlis saxiT mohqondaT.

241
 personalia

aarne, anti fineli folkloristi (1867-1925). mis sa-

(Aarne, Antti) xels ukavSirdeba istoriul-geografiuli
meTodis SemuSaveba da saerTaSoriso siu-
Jetebis klasifikacis sistemis Seqmna.

abrahamsi, rojer Tanamedrove amerikeli folkloristi

(Abrahams, Roger) (1933), pensilvaniis universitetis emeri-
tusi profesori. misi kvlevebis ZiriTadi
Temaa afro-amerikuli folklori.

beskomi, uiliam amerikeli folkloristi (1912-1981), ka-

(Bascom, William liforniis universitetis profesori.
R.)

boasi, franc amerikeli mecnieri (1858-1942), anTropo-

(Boas, Franz) logiis amerikuli skolis fuZemdebeli.

grimi, iakob germaneli filologi (1785-1863), enaTmec-

(Grimm, Jakob) nieri da folkloristi.

grimi, vilhelm germaneli filologi (1786-1859), enaTmec-

(Grimm, Wilhelm) nieri da folkloristi.

dandesi, alan amerikeli eTnologi da

(Dundes, Alan) folkloristi (1934-2005). struqtura-
lizmis amerikuli skolis umniSvnelovane-
si warmomadgeneli.

debre, Jan-batist frangi mxatvari (1768-1848).

(Debret, Jean- safrangeTis xelovnebis akademiis wevri,
Baptiste) braziliis saimperatoro karis sapatio
mxatvari. cnobilia braziliuri eTnogra-
fiuli CanaxatebiTa da liTografiebiT.

didro, deni frangi moazrovne (1713-1784), filosofo-

(Diderot, Denis) si, kritikosi da mwerali.

242
disnei, uolt amerikeli reJisori (1901-1966), prodiu-
(Disney, Walt) seri, scenaristi, animatori.

dorsoni, riCard amerikeli folkloristi (1916-1981). eT-

m. (Dorson, Richard nologi da kulturis istorikosi, fol-
M.) kloristikis pirveli kaTedris damaarse-
beli aSS-Si 1963 wels. mas „amerikuli
folkloris mamasac“ uwodeben. misi naS-
romebi exeba folklorisa da kulturis
istoriasTan mWidro urTierTkavSirs.

evhemerosi Zveli berZeni filosofosi da mwerali

(Euhemerus) (daaxl. Zv. w. 340-260).

eliade, mirCa rumineli mecnieri (1907-1986), filoso-

(Eliade, Mircea) fosi, religiaTmcodne, mwerali, Cikagos
universitetis profesori.

viko, jambatista italieli filosofosi,

(Vico, Giambatista) sociologi da iuristi (1668-1744).

volteri (Voltaire, frangi filosofosi da mwerali

F. M.) (1694-1778).

vundti, vilhelm germaneli mecnieri (1832-1920), fiziolo-

(Wundt, Wilhelm) gi, fsiqologi, filosofosi.

Tompsoni, stiT amerikeli mecnieri (1885-1976), indianas

(Thompson, Stith) universitetis profesori, folkloristi,
romelmac ganaviTara da Seavso anti aarnes
saerTaSoriso siuJetebis klasifikacis
sistema.

kasireri, ernst germaneli filosofosi (1874-1945), fi-

(Cassirer, Ernst) losofiuri idealizmis mimarTulebis
erT-erTi mniSvnelovani warmomadgeneli.

landa, diego espaneli episkoposi (1524 – 1579), maias

(Diego de Landa) civilizaciis Sesaxeb cnobebis avtori,

243
 romelmac amave dros maias kulturis uam-
ravi dokumenti gaanadgura inkviziciis
periodSi.

lafito, Jozef frangi misioneri (1670-1740), romelmac

fransua pirvelma aRwera Crdiloamerikis indielTa
(Lafitau, J. F.) wes-Cveulebebi.

levi-strosi, frangi mecnieri (1908-2009), anTropolo-

klod gi, eTnologi, struqturalizmis skolis
(Lévi-Strauss, umniSvnelovanesi warmomadgeneli.
Claud)
longfelo, henri amerikeli mwerali (1807-1882), miTologi-
(Longfellow, Henry) ur motivebze agebuli lirikuli poemebis
avtori.

malinovski, bro- inglissa da aSS-Si moRvawe poloneli

nislav mecnieri (1884-1942), eTnologi, struqtu-
(Malinowski, ruli funqcionalizmis skolis fuZemdebe-
Bronisław) li anTropologiaSi.

marli, bob (Bob iamaikeli musikosi (1945-1981), momRerali

Marley) da gitaristi.

martire, pietro italieli humanisti (1457-1526), romlis

(Martire d'Anghiera, naSromic („De Orbe Novo“) pirveli cnobaa
Pietro) evropelebisa da axladaRmoCenli amerikis
indielebis kontaqtis Sesaxeb.

meletinski, elea- rusi mecnieri (1918-2005), filologi,

zar (Мелетинский, kulturis istorikosi, miTologiis
Элеазар) mkvlevari.

monteskie frangi moazrovne (1689-1755), politikuri

(Montesquieu, filosofosi.
Charles-Louis)

patai, rafael amerikeli mecnieri (1910-1996), kolumbi-

244
(Patai, Raphael) is, pensilvaniis, niu-iorkis, prinstonis,
ohaios universitetebis profesori.

platoni (Πλάτων) Zveli berZeni filosofosi (Zv. w. 427-

347).
propi, vladimer rusi mecnieri (1895-1970), filologi,
(Пропп, folkloristi, literaturaTmcodne.
Владимир)

ruso, Jan Jak frangi moazrovne (1712-1778),

(Rousseau, Jean politikuri filosofosi.
Jacques)

tailori, edvard ingliseli mecnieri (1832-1917), anTropo-

(Tylor, Edward B.) logi, kulturuli evolucionizmis sko-
lis warmomadgeneli.

teilori, arker amerikeli folkloristi (1890-1973), ka-

(Taylor, Archer) liforniis universitetis profesori. misi
naSromebi ZiriTadad literaturisa da
folkloris urTierTmimarTebas eZRvneba.

uaiti, e. b. (White, amerikeli sabavSvo mwerali (1899-1985),

Elwyn Brooks) “stuart litlisa” da “Sarlotas” avto-
ri.

uTeri, hans-iorg Tanamedrove germaneli mecnieri (dab.

(Uther, Hans-Jörg) 1944), folkloristi, getingenis univer-
sitetis profesori, romelmac Seavso da
ganavrco anti aarnesa da stiT Tompsonis
saerTaSoriso siuJetebis klasifikacis
sistema.

Selingi, fridrix germaneli filosofosi (1775-1854).

(Schelling,
Friedrich)

Sou, bernard irlandieli dramaturgi (1856-1952), kri-

(Shaw, George tikosi, nobelis premiis laureati lite-

245
Bernard) raturis dargSi.

jekobsi, jozef amerikeli mecnieri (1854-1916), litera-

(Jacobs, Joseph) turaTmcodne da istorikosi, moRvaweobda
germaniaSi, inglissa da amerikaSi.

herderi, iohan germaneli filosofosi da mwerali (1744-

gotfrid (Herder, 1803).
Johann Gottfried)

246
 MYTHOLOGY OF PEOPLES IN AMERICA

Summary

“Mythology of Peoples in America” represents the first Georgian

course book which contains main mythological beliefs of peoples in
America, general information about their mythological systems,
divinities and heroes, American Indian and Afro-American folktales.
The book is structured according to the principles of comparative
mythology. The chapters are ordered thematically according to the types
of mythological tales: the highest divinities, the weather divinities, the
goddesses, the image of the universe, cosmogony etc.
The book consists of fifteen chapters. Each chapter ends with
questions and topics for homework and bibliography. The texts for the
analysis are provided in the appendix. Samples of the exam test and the
analysis of a folktale are also offered. Finally the book includes glossary
and list of literature as well.
The topics in the course book are placed according to the syllabus:
I. Introduction. The object of the Mythology Studies of peoples in
America? Historical retrospect of the studies. Definition of terms.
Interpretations of mythology in general. The sources for the study of
mythology of peoples in America.
II. Dating of mythological tales and existent forms of myths. Indian
and Afro-American mythological systems. The basic marks of folklore.
Symbol. Allegory. Mythologeme.
III. The oldest cultures in North, Central and South America. First
descriptions of the cultures of Indians. The Indian language groups.
IV. Archaic myths. Totem myths. Astral myths. Solar myths. Lunar
myths. Sun, thunder and moon in Quechua mythology. Inca mythology.
V. The highest deities in the mythology of Mesoamerican Indians.
Huitzilopochtli, Quetzalcoatl, Tezcatlipoca.
VI. The goddesses in the mythology of Mesoamerican Indians.
Ancient period. Quechua mythology. Aztec mythology. Xochiquetzal,
Tlazolteotl, Macuilxochitl, Huixtocihuatl, Xilonen, Xcacao.
VII. Cosmogony, anthropogony and eschatology. Cosmogonic tales.
Cosmogony of Indians. Awonawilona. Anthropogonic tales.
Eschatological tales.
VIII. Culture hero, trickster and demons. Shamanism. Plains Indians.
Northwest Indians. Californian Indians. The tales about the demons.
IX. The world tree in the mythology of peoples in America. The
vertical apportion of the world tree. The horizontal apportion of the world

247
tree. The symbolism of numbers. The structure of the world in the
mythologies of Nahua and Quechua.
X. The image of the universe in Maya mythology. The structure of
the world. Architectonical space. Pelota play.
XI. The image of the universe in Aztec mythology. Teotihuacan. The
sacral spaces and the structure of the world. The cosmic rules in the
Aztec beliefs.
XII. Mythological tales in South America. Characteristics of the
South American folklore. Historical retrospect of the Afro-American
folklore studies.
XIII. Afro-American mythological beliefs. Afro-Caribic beliefs.
Afro-Brazilian beliefs. Afro-Guyana beliefs. Tales about the origins of
music instruments.
XIV. Folktales of Indians and Afro-Americans. Their Classification.
The structure of the folktale. The relation between the Indian and
Eurasian folktales. The difference between the myths and the fairytales.
XV. Myths in the modern society. “American dream“. Hollywood.
Emanzipated heroes.
The course book “Mythology of Peoples in America” was prepared in
the framework of the Bachelor Program in American Studies, on the
Faculty of Humanities at Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University. The
methods, practice works and text analysis applied in the book are tested
and amended through the lectures.

248
 literatura

braziliuri zRaprebi. k. lorTqifaniZis red. Tbilisi: „na-

kaduli“, 1971.
zaqariaZe, anastasia: mxatvruli simbolos bunebisaTvis.
Tbilisi: “lega”, 2009.
TofCiSvili, roland: evropisa da amerikis xalxebi. Tbi-
lisi: „ena da kultura“, 2003.
indielTa zRaprebi. m. zubadalaSvilis red. Tbilisi: „naka-
duli“, 1976.
kiknaZe, zurab: qarTuli folklori. Tbilisi: “Tsu gamom-
cemloba”, 2006.
longfelo, henri: haiavaTas simRera. inglisuridan Targmna
oTar WilaZem. Tbilisi: „nakaduli“, 1979.
propi, vladimer: zRapris morfologia. Tbilisi: „mecniere-
ba“, 1983.
sixaruliZe, qeTevan: kavkasiuri miTologia. Tbilisi: „kav-
kasiuri saxli“, 2006.
surgulaZe, irakli: miTosi, kulti, rituali saqarTvelo-
Si. Tbilisi: „Tsu gamomcemloba“, 2003.
ucxo sityvaTa leqsikoni. Semdg. m. WabaSvili. Tbilisi:
„nakaduli“, 1964.
WanturiSvili, soso: eTnologia. Tbilisi: „Tsu gamomcem-
loba“, 1993.
ATU _ Uther, Hans-Jörg: The Types of International Folktales. A
Classification and Bibliography. Based on the
System of Antti Aarne and Stith Thompson. Part 1.
Helsinki: Academia Scientiarum Fennica, 2004.
Cassirer, Ernst: Versuch über den Menschen. Einführung in eine
Philosophie der Kultur. Frankfurt am Main, Fischer,
1990.
Dorson, Richard M.: Bloodstoppers and Bearwalkers. Folk
Traditions of the Upper Peninsula. Cambridge 1952.
Dorson, Richard M.: America in Legend. New York 1973.
Dorson, Richard M. (ed.): Folklore in the Modern World. The
Hague / Paris 1978.

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Dundes, Alan: The Study of Folklore. Prentice-Hall, Inc.,
Englewood Cliffs, N. J. 1965.
Eliade, Mircea; Couliano, Joan P.: Handbuch der Religionen. Unter
Mitwirkung von H. S. Weiser. Zürich / München:
Artemis & Winkler, 1991.
Höfig, Willi: Film. In: Enzyklopädie des Märchens. B. 4. Berlin /
New York, Walter de Gruyter, 1984. gv. 1111-1132.
Patai, Raphael: Myth and Modern Man. Engelwood Cliffs 1972.
Spineto, Natale: Symbole der Menschheit. Düsseldorf, Pathmos
Verlag, 2003.
Velie, Alan: Aztekisches Erzählgut. In: Enzyklopädie des
Märchens. B. 1. Berlin / New York, Walter de
Gruyter, 1984. gv. 1118-1120.
Леви-Стросc, Клод: Первобытное мышление. Москва:
«Республика», 1994.
Мелетинский, Элеазар: Mиф и сказка. В книге: «Фольклор и
этнография», Москва: «Наука», 1970, стр. 132-
148.
Мифы народов мира, I-II. Pед. C. A. Токарев. Москва:
«Советская Энциклопедия», 1991-1992.
A Traditional Music Library: http://www.traditionalmusic.co.uk/

ilus
ilustra
ustraci
tracie
ciebisTvi
bisTvis
Tvis ga
gamo
moye
moyene
yenebu
nebuli
buli lite
litera
teratu
ratura
tura da
wyaro
yaroe
roebi
Natale Spineto: Symbole der Menschheit. Düsseldorf, Pathmos
Verlag, 2003.
Aztec mythology: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aztec_mythology
Codex Telleriano-Remensis:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Codex_Telleriano-Remensis
Codex Borbonicus: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Codex_Borbonicus
Chilam Balam: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chilam_balam
Maya Mythology: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maya_mythology
Popol Vuh: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Popol_Vuh
Quetzalcoatl: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quetzalcoatl
The Ka'kau' (Cacao): http://www.authenticmaya.com/cacao.htm
Quetzalcoatl: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quetzalcoatl

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