A Discussion on NFPA 22 (Chapter 10)

- Concrete Gravity Tanks and Suction Tanks

Jamie Howard, Regional Manager

AWWA D110 Storage Tanks
 AWWA D110 Storage Tank Types

Type I: cast-in-place concrete with vertical prestressed

reinforcement

Type II: shotcrete with a steel diaphragm

Type III: precast concrete with a steel diaphragm

Type IV: cast-in-place concrete with a steel diaphragm

AWWA D110 Storage Tanks Benefits

* NFPA 22 COMPLIANT

* ARCHITECTURAL ENHANCEMENTS

* TANK SITING FLEXIBILITY

* NO OUT OF SERVICE TIME

* MAINTENANCE FREE
 CAPACITIES
• Large: 40 MG • Small: 80,000 Gallons
 DIAMETERS
• Large: 492 Feet • Small: 22 Feet
 HEIGHT
• Tall: 100 Feet • Short: 10 Feet
 ARCHITECTURAL TREATMENT
• Basic • Aesthetic
 BACKFILL
• Buried • At Grade
 QUESTIONS

• WHAT ARE A COUPLE STANDARDS THAT GOVERN DESIGN OF

PRESTRESSED PRECAST CONCRETE TANKS?
• AWWA D110, ACI 350, AND ACI 372

• WHAT IS ONE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN A D110 TYPE I TANK AND A

D110 TYPE III TANK?
• TYPE I DOESN’T INCLUDE A STEEL DIAPHRAGM SINCE IT HAS VERTICAL
PRESTRESSING.
 BACKFILL
• Differentially Buried • Multi-Use
NO OUT OF SERVICE TIME/MAINTENANCE FREE
(COST OF OWNERSHIP)
• STEEL TANKS DO A GREAT JOB IF MAINTAINED PROPERLY

• TAKEN OUT OF SERVICE FOR REGULAR PAINTING CYCLES

• EVERY 15 YEARS

• REPLACE BOLTS/GASKETS, ETC.

• MULTIPLE TANKS SO ONE TANK CAN BE TAKEN OUT OF SERVICE FOR

MAINTENANCE

• D110 TYPE III TANKS DO NOT NEED TO BE TAKEN OUT OF SERVICE FOR
REGULAR MAINTENANCE.

• REGULAR MAINTENANCE (IF DESIRED) INCLUDES POWER WASHING EXTERIOR

 WHY CHOOSE CONCRETE OR STEEL?
• CONCRETE IS CORROSION RESISTANT AND STRONG IN COMPRESSION

• STEEL IS WATERTIGHT AND STRONG IN TENSION

• D110 TYPE III USES THE STRENGTHS OF EACH MATERIAL

• WATERTIGHT

• CORROSION RESISTANT
Precast Concrete Corewall

Embedded Steel Diaphragm

Multiple Layers of Wire

Prestressing

Seismic Restraints

Flexible Floor-wall
Connection
 AWWA D110 DESIGN AND
CONSTRUCTION FEATURES

•FLOOR
•WALL
•PRESTRESSING
•ROOF
•SITE PREPARATION
•FLOOR REINFORCING AND PRECAST PANELS
•FLOOR POUR
 •PRECAST ONSITE
TYPE III WALL •STEEL DIAPHRAGM WITHIN WALL
•ONSITE WALL PRECASTING
 ONSITE PRECASTING BENEFITS
• HORIZONTAL, GROUND-LEVEL CASTING ALLOWS FOR DETAILED
INSPECTION BY ALL PARTIES INVOLVED
• NO PANEL TRANSPORT TO SITE REQUIRED
• CONCRETE QUALITY IS TESTED AND ASSURED BEFORE PANEL
BECOMES PART OF TANK STRUCTURE
• THE WORK IS PERFORMED LOCALLY BY DN TANKS
• LOCAL LABOR, MATERIALS AND EQUIPMENT
•WALL ERECTION
•WALL ERECTION
•COVE
•CLOSURE SLOTS
 PRESTRESSING

•SHOTCRETE BASE COATING

•MULTIPLE LAYERS OF WIRE WRAPPING
•SHOTCRETE COVERCOAT
•WIRE WINDING
 210,000 PSI STRENGTH WIRE,
PER ASTM A821
PRODUCES CORE-WALL COMPRESSION

• PRESTRESSING QUALITY CONTROL

•SHOTCRETING
 QUESTIONS?

• WHAT FORCE IS APPLIED TO THE PRESTRESS WIRE?

• 140,000 PSI

• HOW IS THE PRESTRESS WIRE PROTECTED?

• BY THE ENCAPSULATION WITH THE SHOTCRETE
 ROOF TYPES

•CONCRETE DOME
•PRECAST DOME ROOF
•CAST-IN-PLACE DOME ROOF
•FLAT SLAB-COLUMN SUPPORTED ROOF
LARGE TANK HEATER PACKAGE
CHROMALOX HEATING SYSTEM
HEATER CONTROL PANEL
ELECTRIC HEATER WITHIN TANK
ELECTRICAL CONDUIT TO TANK HEATER
TECHNICAL PROJECT SUPPORT
 ENGINEERING DESIGN

• SPECIFICATIONS • Geotechnical Report

Review
• CAD DRAWINGS
• Equipment Supplier
• TANK RENDERING
Coordination
 ESTIMATING & BUDGETING

• TANK BUDGET • Construction Layout

• PROJECT SITE VISIT • Full Sitework Estimate
• SITING OPTIONS • Value Engineering
SCHEDULING & COORDINATION

• CONSTRUCTION • Work
SCHEDULING Coordination

• EQUIPMENT
LEAD TIME
 QUESTONS?

• WHAT ARE SOME BENEFITS OF AWWA D110 TYPE III PRESTRESSED

PRECAST CONCRETE TANKS OVER STEEL
• NO NEED TO REPAINT OR MAINTAIN CATHODIC PROTECTION
• TANKS CAN BE BACKFILLED TO FIT THE SITE
• MANY OPTIONS FOR ARCHITECTURAL TREATMENTS
• LOWER ENERGY COSTS TO STAY ABOVE 42 DEGREES WITH THE WATER
TEMPERATURE
Bakersfield, CA
Danville – Geisinger, PA
London Grove, PA
Raleigh, NC
Questions?