I/O DEVICES

TABLE 1
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
MEMORY-MAPPED I/O

FIGURE 1
 FIGURE 2
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
DIRECT MEMORY ACCESS OR DMA

FIGURE 3. OPERATION OF A DMA TRANSFER

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
INTERRUPTS REVISITED

FIGURE 4
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 PRECISE AND IMPRECISE INTERRUPTS

FIGURE 5
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PROGRAMMED I/O

FIGURE 6
 SOURCE CODE 1
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
INTERRUPT-DRIVEN I/O

SOURCE CODE 2
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
I/O USING DIRECT MEMORY ACCESS

SOURCE CODE 3
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 SOFTWARE LAYER

FIGURE 7
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
INTERRUPT HANDLER

FIGURE 8
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------