ENGLISH MODULE

FOR
ECONOMIC STUDENTS

UNIVERSITAS ISLAM KADIRI

KEDIRI

English Module for Economic Students i

English Module
For Economic Students
Universitas Islam Kadiri
Kota Kediri, Jawa Timur

For Self-Circle Only

Useful Expression
Grammar Spot
Reading

© 2018

Writing Team:
Avinta Ika Nurrahma, M.Pd
Dewi Astutik, M.Pd
Meike Hendra Yustiana, M.Pd
Nany Puspita Sari, M.Pd
Ninik Farikha, M.Pd
Sikha Zuliansadewi, M.Pd
Ulfi Dina Hamida, M.Pd

Editor:
Irwan Sulistyanto, M.Pd

All right reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in any retrieval system or
transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying or otherwise,
without prior consent of the writing team.

First Printed, 2017

Second Printed, 2018

English Module for Economic Students ii

 PREFACE

English module is a new resources book for learners containing English materials used in
English study. This module is structured as a reference for economic students to improve their
English language knowledge.

This module is an early article that will be developed, revised and refined to archive sufficient
depth and breadth as a learning resources for students and readers. Simplicity of language
and discussion of the advantages that the author wants to serve so that the reader can easily
understand and work on the problems together with the discussion presented.

English module is organized based on the classification of useful expression, basic grammar
and reading. It is also completed with list of vocabulary and expression related to economic
terms, especially on management and accountant.

For this module, the writing team would like to thank to all parties who support the
completion of this book. May this book be useful.

The Writers

English Module for Economic Students iii

 TABLE OF CONTENS

PREFACE
TABLE OF CONTENTS

UNIT 1 INTRODUCTION
Useful Expression................................................................................................................ 1
Grammar Spot..................................................................................................................... 2
Reading ............................................................................................................................... 11

UNIT 2 MY LAST VACATION

Useful Expression................................................................................................................ 13
Grammar Spot..................................................................................................................... 15
Reading ............................................................................................................................... 20

UNIT 3 THE FUTURE IS YOURS

Useful Expression................................................................................................................ 22
Grammar Spot..................................................................................................................... 23
Reading ............................................................................................................................... 26

BIBLIOGRAPHY

English Module for Economic Students iv

English Module for Economic Students v
 UNIT

INTRODUCTION

Objectives:
1. Students can be able to introduce him/herself confidently.
2. Able to response someone when he/she is introducing him/herself.
3. Able to identify the present and continuous form.

A. USEFUL EXPRESSION
Instruction: Listen and Repeat
Introducing yourself Introducing others

 My name is ...  Jack, please meet Nicolas.

 I'm ....
 Nice to meet you; I'm ...
 Pleased to meet you; I'm ...
 Let me introduce myself; I'm ...
 I'd like to introduce myself; I'm ...
 Jack, have you met Nicolas?
 I'd like you to meet Liza.
 I'd like to introduce you to Betty.
 Leila, this is Barbara. Barbara this is
Leila.

Useful responses when introducing yourself or other people

 Nice to meet you.

 Pleased to meet you.
 Happy to meet you.
 How do you do?
Taken from: http://www.myenglishpages.com/site_php_files/communication-lesson- introducing-people.php

Expressing pleasure to have met someone

 Pleased to meet you.
 Nice to meet you.
 Very nice to meet you.
 It's a pleasure to meet you.
Taken from: http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/learningenglish/radio/specials/1142_
greeting/page4.shtml

Dialogue 1:
Siena : Hi! My name is Siena, new student in UNISKA.
Erick : Hi! I'm Erick, new student too.
Siena : Where do you come from Erick?
Erick : I come from Manisrenggo Kediri and you?.
Siena : I come from Nganjuk, Nice to meet you Erick.
Erick : Nice to meet you too.

English Module for Economic Students 1

Dialogue 2:
Ali : Good afternoon!
Boy : Good afternoon! My name is _____(b)________.
Ali : Hello. My name is ____(a)________.
Boy : Have we met before?
Ali : No we haven’t met. Pleased to meet you!
Boy : Pleased to meet you too. Have you met ______(c)______?
Ali : I’m not sure.
Charlie : Yes, we have met before. Good to see you again!
Ali : Oh yes, I remember now. Good to see you again too!
Charlie : How are you doing?
Ali : I’m not too good today.
Charlie : I’m sorry to hear that.
Ali : And what about you?
Charlie : Oh, I’m fine.
Boy : I have an idea. Let’s go and get some lunch!
Taken from: https://sites.google.com/site/shceecourse/english-conversation/lesson-1

B. TENSES
a) Simple Present Tense
Present Simple is to express:

 Repeated actions or daily routines/habitual  Permanent states

activity Maggie lives in a detached house.
I feed my dog twice a day.
I study for two hours every night.  General truths or laws of nature
I get up at five every morning. Water freezes at 0˚C.
She always eats fried egg for breakfast. The world is round
Water consists of hydrogen and oxygen.

SIMPLE PRESENTS’ FORMULA

Verbal Nominal
Affirmative Subject + verb I/s/es + object Subject + is/am/are + ANA
(Adjective, Noun, Adverb)
Negative Subject +Do/Does + not +Verb I + Subject + is/am/are + not +
Object ANA (Adjective, Noun,
Adverb)
Question for Short Do/Does + Subject + Verb I + Is/am/are + subject + ANA?
answer Object?

English Module for Economic Students 2

 Common time every day/week/month/year,
expressions every morning/ afternoon/evening/night,
in the morning/afternoon/evening,
at night,
on Mondays/Tuesdays Wednesdays, etc.

Exercises:
Instruction 1: Circle the correct answer!
1. My granny visit - visits us every weekend.
2. My brother and I share - shares a room.
3. Your cousin look - looks fabulous.
4. I seldom do - does the shopping by myself.
5. Danny usually catch - catches a bus to school.
6. We always eat - eats dinner in the dining room.
7. I wake - wakes up at 7.30 every morning.
8. Kids like - likes watching cartoons.
9. Peter and Tom live - lives next door.
10. Mr. Robertson work - works in my dad’soffice.
11. Jack often copy - copies at Maths exams.
12. They do - does their homework after dinner.
13. We play - plays volleyball at school.
14. The sun rise – rises in the east.
15. The teacher at our school give – gives us homework.
16. He are – is student.
17. The books is – are open.
18. Everyday is – are good day.
19. My brother and my sister is – are dentist
20. Father of Dini and Erna is – are teacher

Instruction 2: complete the sentences with the negative forms!

1. You (do) don’t do any of the cooking!
2. My Brother (play)........................tennis every morning.
3. She (is).............................bigger than before.
4. We (want)....................................to see you here.
5. They (are)...................................good swimmers
6. Teacher (work).....................at weekends.
7. I (think)........................that’s good idea.

English Module for Economic Students 3

 8. She (is)...............................dentist.
9. Roni and Rara (are)..................................student.
10. Boy (give)............................me a ring.

The spelling for the verb in the third person (He, She, It) differs depending on the ending
of that verb:
Add: -s for verbs that Add: -es for verbs that end in: Add: -ies for verbs that end in:
end in: a vowel + Y -O, -CH, -SH, -SS, -X, -Z A consonant + Y, remove the Y
and add –ies
Play Plays Go Goes Marry Marries
Enjoy _____ Catch ______ Study ______
Say _____ Wash ______ Carry ______
Buy _____ Kiss ______ Worry ______
Fix ______ Cry ______
Buzz ______

ADVERB OF FREQUENCY USED IN SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE

Adverb of Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday

frequency
Always √ √ √ √ √ √ √
Usually √ √ √ √ √ √
Often √ √ √ √ √
Sometimes √ √ √
Seldom √ √
Rarely √
Never

Exercise 3: Reform the sentence to (+) affirmatives (-) negatives sentence or (?) Interrogative
sentences.

1. They have a good car.

(-)

(?)

2. I get breakfast everyday.

(-)

(?)

English Module for Economic Students 4

 3. She gives me a book.
(-)

(?)

4. Do you have garden in your home?

(+)

(-)

5. He doesn’t get angry to me.

(+)

(?)

6. This book is useful for us.

(-)

(?)

7. Are those rings expensive?

(+)

(-)

8. She is not my classmate.

(+)

(?)

9. Lyla and Tono are students in my class.

(-)

(?)

10. Are you happy for this?

(+)

(-)

Exercise 4: Find and correct the mistake below!

1. She go to school every day.
_____________________________________________________________________

English Module for Economic Students 5

2. She are the student of UNISKA.
_____________________________________________________________________
3. Are you live in Surabaya?
_____________________________________________________________________
4. I doesn’t have much money
_____________________________________________________________________
5. She get a new book.
_____________________________________________________________________
6. Are you stay in Kediri?
_____________________________________________________________________
7. Lalu is not work in a restaurant.
_____________________________________________________________________
8. Why do you happy?
_____________________________________________________________________
9. The book consist of several ideas.
_____________________________________________________________________
10. Donia does not has a lot of time to play a game.
_____________________________________________________________________
11. I doesn’t like you.
_____________________________________________________________________
12. We is start it.
_____________________________________________________________________
13. I lives in Nganjuk.
_____________________________________________________________________
14. The sun rise.
_____________________________________________________________________
15. He doesn’t reads newspaper.
_____________________________________________________________________

b) Add –Ing Pattern.

Spelling of Verbs + Ing
RULES EXAMPLE
For many verbs we make the ING form by simply o Eat – eating
adding –ING to end of the verb. o speak – speaking
o cook – cooking

English Module for Economic Students 6

 o start – starting
o do – doing
o stay – staying
o fix – fixing
o try – trying
Verbs ending with –e (with the exception of  hope – hoping
verbs ending in –ee and –ie)  ride – riding
Rule: Drop the –e and add ING  make – making
 write – writing

Verbs ending with –ee  agree – agreeing

 flee – fleeing
Rule: Just add –ING  see – seeing

Verbs ending with –ie  die – dying

 tie – tying
Rule: Change the –ie to –y and add –ING  lie – lying
Verbs ending with one vowel and one consonant  Jog – jogging
(with the exception of w, x, and y)  sit – sitting
For one syllable verbs  run – running
Rule= double the consonant and add –ING  stop – stopping
For two syllable verbs  answer – answering
 offer – offering
Rule: if the 1st syllable is stressed, just add ING  listen – listening
 visit – visiting
For two syllable verbs  admit – admitting
Rule: If the 2nd syllable is stressed , double the  prefer – preferring
consonant and add ING  begin – beginning

Exercise 1: Adding –Ing

Add the –ing ending!
VERBS Add-ing VERBS Add-ing
Watch Watching Log
Put Write
See Cry

English Module for Economic Students 7

 Look Flow
Fog Run
Sit Laugh
Knit Sweep
Play Lie
Fix Tidy
Mix Fly
Shine Throw
Make Borrow
Listen Buy

c) Present Continuous Tense

Present continuous/progressive expresses an activity that is in progress at the moment of speaking.
Often the activity is of general nature: something generally in progress this week, this month, this
year.
 Dora is sleeping right now.
 I need an umbrella because it is raining.
 The students are sitting at their desks right now.
 I am taking five courses this month.
 Susan is writing another book this year.

The formula of present continuous/progressive tens

Affirmative Subject + is/am/are + Verb I + Ing + O
Negative Subject + is/am/are + not + Verb I + Ing + O
Question for short answer Is/am/are + Subject + Verb I + Ing + O?

Exercise 1: Arranging sentences.

Make questions and negatives:
1. They are wearing jeans.
(-)
(?)

2. You are cooking dinner.

(-)
(?)

English Module for Economic Students 8

 3. I’m going to the park right now.
(-)
(?)

4. He is listening to music.
(-)
(?)

5. They are reading newspaper

(-)
(?)

6. Lisa is writing novel this month

(-)
(?)

7. Iqbal is watching football

(-)
(?)

8. they are reading your book

(-)
(?)

9. Nahdia is watering the flowers.

(-)
(?)

Exercise 2: Incomplete Sentence.

Put the verbs in brackets into the correct Present Continuous form.
1. I hope everything (go) …....................well in the office.
2. I (write) …............................ this e-mail to let you know that we (have) …............. a great time in
Florida but we’ve had to change our holiday plans.
3. We (not/ fly) ….................. on Sunday night as planned.

English Module for Economic Students 9

4. We’ve decided to fly back on Monday and I (not/ return) …................................. to the office until
Tuesday.
5. I (travel) …................................................ to Cambridge on Wednesday for a meeting.
6. Could you also check that a taxi (come) …...................... to pick us from Gatwick Airport at 17:00
hours?
7. I (work) …............................... very hard at the moment.
8. …................................ (you/ take) any holidays in July?
9. My friend Paul (not/ come) …..........................with me.
10. Daisy (not/ give) …..........................me a gift.

Exercise 3: Make Present Continuous Sentence

Example: Anna/ read/ the novel. Anna’s reading the novel.
1. The baby/ cry/ again. ___________________________________________________________
2. You/ not eat/ much these days. ___________________________________________________
3. Bastomi/ not listen/ to me. ______________________________________________________
4. Where/ Intan and her friend/ study English? ________________________________________
5. I/ play/ football/ this year. _______________________________________________________
6. They/ not study/ French. ________________________________________________________
7. What/ game/ those children/ play? ________________________________________________
8. My friend and I/ not enjoy/ the movie. _____________________________________________
9. Lucy/ take/ driving lesson. _______________________________________________________
10. John and Marry/ spend/ a week in Bali.

Exercise 4: Error Sentence.

Correct the mistakes!
1. We eating a lot of sweets at the moment.
…..........................................................................................................................
2. He is drive a car at present.
…..........................................................................................................................
3. Joana playing her toys with Peter.
…..........................................................................................................................
4. My friends are plant a tree in the park.
…..........................................................................................................................
5. I is meeting my cousin on Monday.
…..........................................................................................................................

English Module for Economic Students 10

 6. They are read an interesting article.
…..........................................................................................................................
7. They is swimming in the lake.
…..........................................................................................................................
8. I am study math now.
…..........................................................................................................................
9. She watching a comedy on tv.
…..........................................................................................................................
10. You’re fly a plane at the moment.
…..........................................................................................................................

C. READING
Pre Reading questions
Instruction: Ask the following questions to your students!
1. Do you know Klewer Market?
2. Where is Klewer Market?
3. Have you ever gone to Klewer Market?

Klewer Market (Pasar Klewer)

Off the west gate of Karaton's North Square, this old market selling all kinds of fabrics, predominantly
batik. Other traditional fabrics are lurik (hand-woven striped cotton cloth) and tenun ikat. There are
hundreds of shops jammed along narrow passageways. The visitors must be prepared to bargain. Batik
cloths and garments, hand-woven fabrics, traditional and local jewelry, leather puppets, basketry,
tortoise-shell accessories, trinkets, brassware and other decorative items, and all kinds of antiques are
local specialties. Souvenir and art objects are available in all major towns of Central Java, mostly in the
downtown areas and popular market places or shopping centers.
Pasar Klewer in Solo is the busiest textile market in Java, a great place to buy not only the less
expensive “stamped” (batik cap) cloths, but also some of the best hand-drawn batik tulis on the island.
There are plenty of tailors in the market who can make shirts and skirts in a day. Also not to be missed
while visiting Solo is the flea Market at Pasar Triwindu, where everything and anything is for sale to
those willing to have a bit of fun bargaining.
Taken from: http://www.indonesia-tourism.com/central-java/klewer-market.
Glossaries
Gate : Pintu gerbang Shell : Kerang
Bargain : Tawar menawar Busiest : Paling sibuk
Fabric : Kain/barang tenunan Skirt : Rok
Jammed : Berapit hand-drawn : Batik tulis/digambar
tangan
passageway : Gang/jalan terusan Sale : Penjualan
basketry : pembuatan anyaman
keranjang

Exercise
Instruction: Circle the right answer based on the text above!

1. Klewer market is in central java. (TRUE - FALSE)

2. There are hundreds of shops jammed along narrow passageways. (TRUE - FALSE)

English Module for Economic Students 11

 3. The visitors do not need to bargain. (TRUE - FALSE)
4. Pasar Klewer in Solo is the busiest textile market in Java. (TRUE - FALSE)
5. Pasar Klewer is the greatest market to buy vegetables. (TRUE - FALSE)
6. There are plenty of tailors in the market who can make shirts and skirts in a day. (TRUE - FALSE)
7. Souvenir and art objects are available in all major towns of Central Java, mostly in the downtown
areas and popular market places or shopping centers. (TRUE - FALSE)
8. You can buy stamped (Batik cap), the best hand-drawn batik tulis on the island, shoes, fruits and book
in the klewer market. (TRUE - FALSE)
9. The location of Klewer market is in Solo. (TRUE - FALSE)
10. The visitors can find batik cloths and garments, hand-woven fabrics, traditional and local jewelry,
leather puppets, basketry, tortoise-shell accessories, trinkets, brassware and other decorative items,
and all kinds of antiques are local specialties in pasar klewer. (TRUE - FALSE).

English Module for Economic Students 12

 UNIT

MY LAST VACATION

Objectives:
 Students able to be more familiar with the past and perfect form.
 Able to know the expression about what used to do in the past.

Reviewing material: Analyzing if any errors on present / continuous tense or not!

1. I am not agree with your opinion.
2. I’m not knowing Sarah’s husband.
3. My roommate usually watch television, listen to music or going out in the evening.
4. This class is consisting of students who are wanting to learn English.
5. Sarah and I am going to Surabaya at that time.
6. The police man is catching the robber in the Giant.
7. Right now, Sally in the kitchen eating breakfast.
8. The mice is eating the France Cheese in the kitchen.
9. Geese flying from the north to the south every winter.
10. Nowadays, we talking about the political situation in our country.

A. USEFUL EXPRESSION
Instruction: listen and repeat.
Statement Response

 Where did you go last  I went to…

(holiday/week)?  I spent my holiday to…
 Where did you spend your holiday?  I (watched TV) yesterday…
 What did you do (yesterday/last  I used to….
week/etc.)?

English Module for Economic Students 13

Exercise
Practice this dialogue and fill in the blank with your appropriate answers.
Dialogue 1
Jono : “What did you do yesterday?”
Shinta : “What did I do yesterday?”. “Uhm, I was in school most of the day, I studied. I went to the (1)
…………………………, worked on my computer, watch a little TV. That was about it. Ate”.
Jono : “Great! All American computer. Computer and workout. And what did you do yesterday?”
Sakura : “I went to work in the morning, and I went to school in the afternoon, gym at night, and (2)
……………………………, went to sleep.”
Shinta : “Not very exciting, yesterday, huh?”
Jono : “Hey, it’s busy, though, right?”

Dialogue 2
Sefia : “What did you do yesterday?”
Ismail : “Yesteday … Yesterday… I (3) ……………… Yesterday. I teach school 2 days a week.”
Sefia : “What do you teach?”
Ismail : “I tech hands-on-science to children.”

Dialogue 3
Ani : “What’s your name?”
Setyo : “My name is Setyo Aji Winoto.”
Ani : “And uhh … What did you do this morning?”
Setyo : “This morning, I (4) ………………………, and ……………………………… and watched the news.”
Ani : “And uhh … What did you do yesterday?”
Setyo : “Well, yesterday the same old thing.”
Ani : “You got up, and ….”
Setyo : “Watched, watched television and news.”

English Module for Economic Students 14

B. TENSES
The Simple Past The Past Progressive
Now Now

Past Future
X X X

a. Brian walked home yesterday.
b. I lived in Malang for two years, but now I lives
in Tulungagung.
c. Negative
I didn’t do my homework last night.
d. Affirmative
Do Brian walk home yesterday?
a. Rita stood under a tree when it began to rain
last night.
b. When Mrs. Yui heard a strange noise, she got
up to investigate.
a. I was taking a bath when Rita came to my
home this morning.
b. While Santi was sleeping tightly, it began to
rain.
c. Last year at the same time, I was attending
college.
d. At eight o’clock last night, I was studying.
a. While I was studying in one room of our
apartment, my roommate was having a party
in other room.

Notes: Notes:
 The Simple past is used to talk about an activity  The past progressive expresses an activity that
or situation that began and ended at a was in progress (was occurring, was happening)
particular time in the past (e.g., yesterday, last at a point of time of another action (e.g. when
night, two days ago, in 2000). Rita came).
 If the sentence contains when and has the  Both actions in a. and b. occurred at the same
simple past in both clauses, the action in the time, but one action began earlier and was in
when clause happens first. progress when the other action occur.

Exercise 1: Use the correct form on simple past or past progressive to complete the following
sentences!
1. (+) She hated him two years ago.
(- ) ……………………………………………………………………………………………………….
(? ) ………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Yes, …………………………………………………….. No, ………………………………………………………………

2. (+) The teacher was telling a funny story of a thief.

(- ) …………………………………………………………………………………………
(? ) …………………………………………………………………………………………
Yes, …………………………………………………….. No, ………………………………………………………………

3. (+) I really enjoyed my vacation in Bali last January.

(- ) ………………………………………………………………………………………
(? ) …………………………………………………………………………………….

English Module for Economic Students 15

 Yes, …………………………………………………….. No, ………………………………………………………………

4. (+)………………………………………………………………………………………
(- ) I wasn’t crossing the street in front of the dorm.
(? ) ……………………………………………………………………………………
Yes, …………………………………………………….. No, ………………………………………………………………

5. Their cheerful friend got a valuable prize yesterday.

a b c
a. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
b. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
c. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

Exercise 2: Use either the simple past or the past progressive of the verbs in parentheses!
1. I am sitting in class right now. I (sit) …………………. In class at the same time yesterday.
2. I don’t want to go to the zoo today because it is raining. The same thing happened yesterday. I
(want, not) …………………………………. to go to the zoo because it (rain) …………………...
3. I (call) ……………………… Roger at nine last night, but he (be, not) …………………………... at home.
4. I (hear, not) …………………………. The thunder during the storm last night because I (sleep) …………………..
5. It was beautiful yesterday when we went for a walk in the park. The sun (shine) ……………... . A cool
breeze (blow) …………………………. . The birds (sing) ……………………………. .
6. My brother and sister (argue) ……………………………………. about something when I (walk)
……………………….... into the room.
7. I got a package in the mail. When I (open) ……………………………………. It, I (find) …………………….. a
surprise.
8. While Mrs. Emerson (read) …………………………………… The little boy a story, he (fall) ……………... asleep,
so she (close) ………………………… the book and quietly (tiptoe) ………………………………….. out of the
room.
9. I wasn’t at the meeting because I (wait) ……………………………………… for an overseas call from my
family.
10. It was my first day of class. I (find, finally) …………………………………………….. the right room. The room
(be, already) ………………………………………..……. full of students. On one side of the room, students (talk,
busy) ……………………………………………. To each other in Spanish. Other students (speak)
…………………………… Japanese, and some (converse) …………………………… in Arabic.

English Module for Economic Students 16

Exercise 3: Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tense: simple past or past progressive!
1) Peter and Anna (decide) ..................... to redecorate the sitting room themselves. 2) They (choose)
..................... cream paint for the woodwork and apricot for the walls. 3) When John (look) ....................
in to see how they (get) ................... on, Anna (mix) ................ the paint, and Peter (wash) ....................
down the walls. 4) They (be) ................... glad to see John and (ask) .................... if he (do) ..................
anything special that day. 5) He hastily (reply) ............................ he (go) .................. to the theatre and
(go) .............. away at once, because he (know) ........................ they (look) ....................... for someone
help them.
6) They (begin) ........................ painting, but the walls (be) .................. too wet. 7) While they (wait)
............. for the walls to dry, Anna (remember) ................................. she (have) .................. a phone call
to make. 8) Peter (start) .................... painting while she (telephone) ...................................., and (do)
............... a whole wall. 9) He (grumble) ......................... that she always (telephone) .................................
. 10) Anna (retort) ......................... that Peter always (complain) ..................................... .
11) They (work) ....................... in silence for some time. 12) Just as they (start) ..................... the third
wall, the doorbell (ring) .................... . 13) It (be) .................... a friend of Peter’s who (want) ................ to
know if Peter (play) ...................... golf the following weekend. 14) He (stay) .................... talking to Peter
in the hall while Anna (go) .............. on painting. 15) At last he (leave) ........................ . 16) Peter (return)
..................., expecting Ann to say something about friends who (come) .................... and (waste)
..................... valuable time talking about golf. But Anna nobly (say) ....................... nothing.
18) Then Peter (think) ........................... he would do the ceiling. 19) He just (climb) ........................ the
step ladder when the doorbell (ring) .................. again. 20) Anna (get) ................... tired of interruptions
but (go) ................... to open the door. 21) It (be) .................... the postman with a letter from her aunt
Mary, saying she (come) ......................... to spend the weekend with them.

--- Present Perfect and Past Perfect ---

The Present Perfect The Past Perfect
Now
Now

Before now
X X
X X

a. Jim is not hungry now. He has already eaten lunch. a. Jim was not hungry at 11:00 P.M.
b. Have you ever gone to that beach? He had already eaten lunch.
c. Tom has eaten at restaurant many times. b. I had already eaten lunch when Ben
d. I have known Brian for ten years ago. came.
e. We have been here since seven o’clock. c. Sam had left before Ann got there.

English Module for Economic Students 17

f. She has met many people since I came here in June. d. After the guests had left, I went to bed.
e. After the guess left, I went to bed.

Notes:
 The Present Perfect expresses an activity or situation
that occurred (or did not occur) before now, at some
unspecified time in the past, like in a. and b.
 An activity may be repeated twice, several or more
times before now, at unspecified times in the past,
as in c.
 When the present perfect is used with since or for, it
expresses situation that began in the past and
continue to the present.
Notes:
 The past perfect expresses an activity
that occurred before another time in the
past.
 The past perfect expresses an activity
that was completed before a particular
time in the past.
 If either before or after is used in the
sentences, the past perfect is often not
necessary because the time relationship
is already clear.

Exercise 1: Use the correct form on present perfect or past perfect to complete the following
sentences!
1. (+) He had been sleeping for an hour until now.
(- ) ………………………………………………………………………………….
(? ) …………………………………………………………………………………
Yes, …………………………………………………….. No, …………………………………………………

2. (+) They had locked the door.

(- ) …………………………………………………………………………
(? ) …………………………………………………………………………
Yes, …………………………………………………….. No, ……………………………………………

3. (+) …………………………………………………………………………
(-) I had not been hungry.
(? ) …………………………………………………………………………
Yes, …………………………………………………….. No, …………………………………………….

4. (+) …………………………………………………………………………
(- ) I wasn’t crossing the street in front of the dorm.
(? ) ………………………………………………………………………..

English Module for Economic Students 18

 Yes, …………………………………………………….. No, ………………………………………………………………

5. She has told us a funny story.

a b c
a. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
b. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
c. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

Exercise 2: Complete the following task using the correct present perfect and simple past!
1. Just as Anna (arrive) ………………………. at the airfield a plane (land) …………………..….. and a girl (climb)
……………………… out. To her surprise Anna (recognize) ……………………………. her cousin, Lucy. ‘Hello,
Lucy,’ she (exclaim) ………………………………… . ‘I (not know) …………………………….…. that you (know)
…………………….. how to fly a plane.’ ‘I only just (learn) …………………… ,’ (say) ………………………….. Lucy. ‘I
(go) ……………………… solo for the first time last week.’
2. Anna : How long you (work) ………………………….. for John and Company?
John : I (work) ……………………… for them for two years.
Anna : You (like) …………………………. working for them?
John : No, I (not, like) ………………………………………. it at all.
3. There (be) …………………………. a very good program on TV last night. You (see) …………….….. it?
No, I (take) ………………………… my set back to the shop last week because there (be) ….………... so much
distortion; and it (need) …….…….…….. a new part. They (not be able) …………………….. to get the new
part so far, so I (not watch) ……..……………………………… television for about ten days.
4. In the evenings I often play chess with my next door neighbor. I (play) ………………………. chess with
him ever since I (come) ………………………….. to live here ten years ago. He (be) ………….…. here all his
life; he (inherit) …………………………. the house from his father, another great chess player. You ever
(play) ……………………………….. chess with the father? We (play) …………………… once or twice but he
(die) ……………………….. a year after I (arrive) ……………………………………….

Exercise 3: Use the simple past or the past perfect to complete the sentences. Are there some blanks
where either tense is possible?
1. Sam (be) …………………………. a newspaper reporter before he (become) ………………………………. a
businessman.
2. I (feel) ……………………………….. a little better after I (take) …………………………….. the medicine.
3. I was late. The teacher (give, already) ……………………………………..…………….. a quiz when I (get)
……………………….. to class.
4. It was raining hard, but by the time class (be) ………………………. over, the rain (stop) ……..……..

English Module for Economic Students 19

5. Millions of years ago, dinosaurs (roam) ………………………………… the earth, but they (become)
………………………………… extinct by the time humankind first (appear) …………………………………...

C. READING
Pre-Reading questions
Instruction: Ask the following questions to your students!
1. Have you ever saved your money in the piggy bank?
2. Who usually likes to save in piggy bank?
3. Do you know the origin of piggy bank?

The Origin of Piggy Bank

These days the piggy bank is taken for granted — it’s a coin bank, shaped like a pig. Kids love
them. But where did they really come from? Why do people around the world stuff loose change into
small pink pigs?
The origin of piggy bank dates back early 600 years, in a time before real banks even existed.
Before the creation of modern-style banking institutions, people commonly stored their money at home
— not under the mattress (or hay rack), but in common kitchen jar. During the Middle Ages, metal was
expensive and seldom user for household wares. Instead, dishes and pots were made of an economical
orange-colored clay called pygg. Whenever folks could save an extra coin or two, they dropped it into
one of their clay jars — a pygg pot.
Vowels in early English had different sounds than they do today, so during the time of the Saxons
the word pygg would have been pronounced “pug”. But as the pronunciation of “y” changed from a “u”
to an “i,” pygg eventually came to be pronounced about like “pig”. Perhaps coincidentally, the Old
English word for pigs (the farm animal) was “picga”, with the Middle English word evolving into “piggie”,
possibly because of the fact that the animals rolled around in pygg mud and dirt.
Over the next two hundred to three hundred years, as the English language evolved, the clay
(pygg) and the animal (piggie) came to be pronounced the same and Europeans slowly forgot that pygg
once referred to the earthenware pots, jars, and cups of yesteryear. So, in the 19 th century when English
potters received requests for pygg banks, they started producing banks shaped like pigs.
Taken from: https://thefinancialbrand.com/24204/history-of-piggy-banks/

Glossaries:
Origin : asal-usul
During : selama
Commonly : pada umumnya
Kitchen jar : toples dapur
Folk : orang-orang
Clay : tanah liat
Vowel : vocal
Eventually : akhirnya
Yesteryear : masa lampau
Pronounced : diucapkan
Shaped : berbentuk

Exercise
Instruction: Give True or False based on the text above!
1. The title of the text above is the Origin of Piggy Bank.
2. Children like piggy bank.
3. The origin of piggy banks dates back nearly 600 years, in a time real banks even existed.
4. Before the creation of modern-style banking institutions, people commonly stored their money at
home under the mattress or hay rack.

English Module for Economic Students 20

5. During the Middle Ages, metal was expensive and seldom user for household wares.
6. People could save an extra coin or two, they dropped it into one of their clay jars — a pygg pot
whenever.
7. Vowels in early English had different sounds than they do today, so during the time of the Saxons the
word pygg would have been pronounced “pug”.
8. Over the next two hundred to three hundred years, as the English language evolved, the clay (pygg)
and the animal (piggie) came to be pronounced different.
9. Europeans always remember that pygg once referred to the earthenware pots, jars, and cups of
yesteryear.
10. English potters started producing banks shaped like pigs in the 20 th century.

English Module for Economic Students 21

 UNIT

THE FUTURE IS YOURS

Objectives:
1. Students able to know the future form.
2. Able to express the future time.

A. EXPRESSING FUTURE TIME

1. Useful Expression
a. I’m going to leave at nine tomorrow morning
b. I will leave at nine tomorrow morning
c. Marie is going to be at the meeting today
d. Marie will be at the meeting today
Be going to and will are used to express
future time
a and b have the same meaning
c and d have the same meaning
will and be going to often give the same
meaning, but sometimes the express but
sometimes they express different meaning

2. Let’s Speak
What will cities be like 50 years from now? Think about how these will change (make two or three
predictions for each):
 Transportation
 Pollution
 Buildings
 Work
 Shopping

English Module for Economic Students 22

 3. Let’s Play Board Game

 Rules:
1) In turns, students roll a dice and make a sentence with WIIL or WON’T and the verb of the
square they land on according to the symbol on the top right corner. Tick: affirmative, cross:
negative, and question mark: yes/ no question. Some of the squares have a question for the
students to answer.
2) Two or more players can be on the same space.
3) Continue to play until someone reaches the finish, and then see who will finish second, third,
etc.

B. Grammar Spot
1. Simple Future Tense
Simple future has two different forms in English: "will" and "be going to." Although the two forms
can sometimes be used interchangeably, they often express two very different meanings. These
different meanings might seem too abstract at first, but with time and practice, the differences will
become clear. Both "will" and "be going to" refer to a specific time in the future.

English Module for Economic Students 23

a) Form with be going to
b) We are going to be late Be going to is followed by the simple form of
c) She’s going to come tomorrow the verb as in a and b
d) Am I QUESTION: be + subject + going to
Is he, she, it going to be late?
Are they, we, you
e) I am not NEGATIVE: be + not + going to
He, she, it is not going to be late
They, we, you are not
f) “Hurry up! We’re gonna be late” Be going to is more common in speaking and
in informal writing than in formal writing. In
informal speaking, it is sometimes pronounced
“gonna”

Exercise
Instruction: Complete the sentences with be going to and the words in the parentheses.
1. A: What (you, do) this afternoon?
B: I (work) on my report
2. A: Where (Alex, be) later tonight?
B: He (be) at Kim’s house
3. A: (you, finish) this exercise soon?
B: Yes, I (finish) it in less than a minute
4. A: When (you, call) this exercise soon?
B: I (call, not) her. I (send) her an e-mail
5. A: What (Dr. Price, talk) about in her speech tonight
B: She (discuss) the economy Southeast Asia

b) Form with will

STATEMENT I-You-She-He-It-We-They will come tomorrow
NEGATIVE I-You-She-He-It-We-They will not (won’t) come tomorrow
QUESTION Will I-You-She-He-It-We-They come tomorrow
SHORT Yes, will
ANSWER I-You-She-He-It-We-They
No, won’t

English Module for Economic Students 24

Exercise
Instruction: Rearrange these jumbled words below into good sentences
1. Will – Rob – tonight – call – probably
___________________________________________________________________
2. At seven – will be – dinner
___________________________________________________________________
3. At six – Marry – will – be – not – tomorrow – here
___________________________________________________________________
4. The – will – party – at – start – night?
___________________________________________________________________
5. Will – the – rise – sun – morning – tomorrow – at 6:08
___________________________________________________________________

2. Past Future Tense

It is used to express the ‘idea’ that in the past an action/event was predicted, planned, promised,
expected or obliged to be done in the future of past, doesn’t matter if the idea is correct or not.

a) The pattern of Past Future

Subject + would + verb 1

Positive
Subject + was/were going to + verb 1

Subject + would not (wouldn’t) + verb 1

Negative
Subject + was/were not (weren’t) going to + verb 1

Would + subject + verb 1 + … ?

Interrogative
Was/were + subject + going to + verb 1 + … ?

Examples:
 She would forgive you for not reading the rulebook
 They weren’t going to bully us
 Would he commit to this course 3 months afterwards?

Exercise
Instruction: choose the correct answer!
1. Dimas said that he … to hometown the following day. (was going to go back/were going to go
back).
2. I was sure that the employer … me after receiving my resume. (would contacted/would contact).

English Module for Economic Students 25

 3. Robi knew that he … a job easily after a long time unemployed. (won’t find/wouldn’t find).
4. I thought you … to my house tonight. (were going to come/was going to come).
5. The students promised that they … in exams. (would never cheat/would never cheated).
6. Vina got a feeling that everything …. (would be all right/would all right).
7. We knew he … the difficult situation. (would handled/would handle).
8. I knew that the murder case … by the sheriff. (would be investigated/would investigate).
9. Farah told me that she … souvenirs for herself. (was not going to buy/were not going to buy).
10. Mr. Ustad knew that Santosa and I … him some souvenirs from Bandung. (would gave/would
given).

C. READING
a) Activity 1
Read the following text and do the comprehension question
Juvenile Crime
Juvenile delinquency refers to antisocial or illegal behavior by children or adolescents and is
considered a serious problem all over the world. It is caused by social, economic and cultural factors.
This juvenile criminality is apparent in marginal sectors of urban areas where children are exposed to
violence in their immediate social environment, either as observers or as victims. Because delinquent’s
basic education, if they have any, is poor they have been marginalized from society and destitute of any
dignity or self-esteem. Although most legal systems prescribe specific procedures for dealing with young
criminals, such as juvenile detention centers and suppression, approaches to prevent youth from
becoming delinquent should also include measures to instill equality and justice, fight poverty and
create an atmosphere of hope and peace among youth. These preventive policies should be given
priorities over any coercive measures.
Socioeconomic opportunities and administrative services should be provided in rural areas to
discourage young people from migrating to urban areas. Similarly, youth from poor urban settings
should benefit from plans that focus on education, employment and access to leisure programs,
especially during long school holidays. Young people who drop out of school or come from broken
families should have access to specific social programs that help them become responsible adults.
Information campaigns should be planned to sensitize youth to be aware of the detrimental effects
of violence on the family, community and society, to teach them how to communicate without violence.
Focus on the importance of family should become a priority because it is the primary institution of
socialization of youth and continues to play an important role in the prevention of juvenile delinquency
and underage crime.

English Module for Economic Students 26

Exercise
Instruction: Determine whether the statement is true or false.
1. Juvenile crime is affected by economic factors (TRUE/FALSE).
2. Migration might be another cause of juvenile criminality (TRUE/FALSE).
3. Family is not an important factor when dealing with juvenile criminality (TRUE/FALSE).
4. Suppression is not an option when dealing with juvenile criminality (TRUE/FALSE).
b) Activity 2
Instruction: Read the dialog and then answer the questions!

Exercise
Instruction: Read the dialog and then answer the questions!
1. What do they think about the weather?
___________________________________________________________________
2. What does Martha have to share?
___________________________________________________________________
3. What are Peter and Mark going to do?
___________________________________________________________________
4. What does Jane offer to do?
___________________________________________________________________

English Module for Economic Students 27

 5. How does Jane react to the news about the Italian cousins?
___________________________________________________________________
6. What special plan is there?
___________________________________________________________________
7. Why does Martha want a clown?
___________________________________________________________________
8. Does Martha know exactly how many people are going to come? If yes, how many. If not, why
not?
___________________________________________________________________
9. How does Jane think people will react to the clown?
___________________________________________________________________
10. Is there a theme for the party?
___________________________________________________________________

English Module for Economic Students 28

 BIBLIOGRAPHY

Books
Azar, B. S. 1998. Understanding and Using English Grammar. US of Amerika: Pearson
Education.
Cambridge English Financial Handbook for Teacher page 48, Paper 4: Sample Paper.
Manser, H. Martin. 1980. Oxford Learners Pocket Dictionary New Edition. Oxford university
Press.
Martinet, A. V. & Thomson, A. J. 1989. A Practical English Grammar Exercises 1. Oxford
University Press.
_______________________________. A Practical English Grammar Exercises 2.
_____________.

URL
https://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/tests/future-1-will-1
https://www.englishgrammar.org/simple-future-tense-2/
http://esl.fis.edu/grammar/rules/future.htm
https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/601/01/
http://tensesbahsainggris.com/future-tense
http://www.exellentesl4u.com/esl-banking-vocabulary.html
http://www.eslfast.com/robot/topics/bank/bank.htm
https://thefinancialbrand.com/24204/history-of-piggy-banks/
www.learnenglishbritish.co.uk
http://www.myenglishpages.com/site_php_file/communication-lesson-introducing-
people.php

English Module for Economic Students 29