REVIEW OF LITERATURE

Review of literature has vital relevance with any research work. Due to literature
review the possibility of repetition of the study can be eliminated and another
dimension can be selected for the study. The literature review helps researcher to
remove limitation of the existing work or any assist to extend prevailing study.
Several researches have been conducted to analyze the effect of customers. This
chapter deals with several important concepts related literature and theoretical
information which have been formulated for the support of the study.

Dr Hem Shwetha Rathore (2017) the study on “Adoption of Digital Wallet By

Consumers” gives a analysis about the various factors that could impact a
consumer’s decision in adoption of digital wallet as an mode of payment. It also
attempts to study the various risk and challenges that are faced in using of digital
wallet by users. A detailed analysis is carried to check in the comparison on mode
of online payment and various age groups, also the way online payment are carried
out with respect to occupation, factors that can create a influence on selection of
digital wallet with reference to age groups, also the factors that affect a users
willingness to adopt digital wallet as a mode of payment with reference to income
level as well as the kind of satisfaction users receive on using use of Digital Wallet
Services. The Study also predicts that main factors that play an important role in
consumer adoption are divided into three - ease of online purchase, level of loyalty
provided also the viability of digital wallet. The findings by the study include
security and safe are the most challenging issues as well as the most accepted
feature of digital wallet is the hassle free mode of making a payment.

Shamsher Singh, Ravish Ran (2017) , finds out the customer perception and impact of

demographic factors on adoption of digital mode of payment .ANOVA

Computation is carried in testing the hypothesis set. The study finds that
demographic factors except education does not have a impact on the adoption of
International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics Special Issue 2585 the
digital payment. Analysis through ANOVA computation shows that education
level of the customer plays a important role in customer adoption in digital
payment mode.

J.Sivasubramanian,M.velavan,S.Arunkumar,P.Abirami,C.theresa,G.Abirami (2017) study

on, ”Preference Towards Digital Payment System”, is an analysis of the consumer

perception towards digital payment in Thiruchirapalli , focusing on the perception
factors which determine the preferences towards Digital Payment. The aspects they
looked into were the duration of time the consumers spend using digital gadgets
,service network and payment gateway used as well as the consumers view about
digital payment. Factor analysis, correlation, Multiple regression analysis are the
statistical tools used to find out the challenges faced by the X generation
consumers. The successful implementation of digital payment system among
Generation depends on trustworthiness ,convenience &benefits security and
privacy constraints. of consumers belonging to Generation X as well as their
demographic profile which have a impact on the consumer adoption.
Trilok Nath Shulka (2016) tells that with the advent of technology, smart phones have

grabbed the attention of a wide variety of customers. By using smart phones, it

becomes easier for people to use web applications more often. It has become a
convenient platform for users to transfer money in fraction of seconds. The credit
goes to various government agencies that motivated and reinforced people for
using smart phones and this is how people are contributing towards digital India.
Telecom companies have also proved as a helping hand by providing 3G and 4G
technology for faster transactions. Author also discusses four types of e-wallets in
India: open, closed, semi-open and semi-closed. He also emphasize that companies
should offer certain kinds of coupons, cash back, gifts to promote the usage of m-
wallets among users. Many more applications of m-wallets are yet to be
discovered.

Pawan Kalyani (2016) presents usage, scope, advantages and disadvantages of virtual

wallets specifically in India. He also gives recommendation for adopting the

technology within the minimum possible time frame. He categorizes virtual wallets
into four categories: Open wallets, semi-open wallets, closed wallets and semi-
closed wallets. He also focuses on the issues and challenges that wallet companies
are struggling with. The major issues of concern are data security, phone battery,
dispute resolution, market penetration and user acceptance etc. Technology has to
walk a long way ahead to educate people to increase the customer base. Author
talks compare the transaction in ancient time and in modern world. Earlier people
had barter system, then people started making use of cash now-a-days majority is
drifting towards transaction through mobile devices. Today, people are using credit
cards, debit cards and m-wallets for payments. Author also discusses about
advantages and risks that are associated to e-currency and also about types of e-
wallets. Modern transactions make use of ATM, Debit and Credit Cards, NEFTs
and m-wallets etc. According to a survey done by author, customers are using e-
wallets mostly for the purpose of recharging and payment of bills. A lot of effort is
required to make the mass aware about importance and ease of using e-wallets to
perform myriad operations.

Urjit Patel (RBI Governor) (2017) States that “Demonetization will transform the

economy”. It is expected to significantly transform the domestic economy in due

course in terms of greater intermediation, efficiency gains, accountability and
transparency through increasing adoption of digital modes of payments, not-
withstanding the short – terms disruptions in certain segments of the economy and
the public hard ship Patel said.

Kishore Mahbubani ( 2017 )says that “Despite demonetization, India to grow faster

than China” Indian economy will grow faster than China despite the temporary
slowdown created by demonetization, even demonetization created a slowdown, it
is not going to change the long term momentum of where India going with its
economic growth. Mahbubani said demonetization is good thing for a lot of black
money has come back into the economy. We are moving from unipolar world to a
multi – polar world which is good for small states because they will have more
options he said
Pranab Bardhan (2017) Said that; black money is much more in the form of gold,

real estate, commodity stocks and offshore accounts, than cash .The
demonetization exercise is a major assault on the poor and won’t change the
structural roots of corruption in India. A strong proponent of universal basic
income, he says it could be one of the ways in which the government can
compensate citizens for the harm caused by the note ban.

The general issue is how you measure the success of any policy. If that objective is
multipronged—remember Narendra Modi in that 8 November speech had at least
three objectives which are corruption, counterfeit notes and terrorism— simple
economics will tell you that you may not kill three birds with the same stone. Modi
himself is gradually switching objectives. Now he talks more about the cashless
economy. He should know that other poor countries, for example, Kenya, have
progressed more toward digital payments without causing any large suffering.
Secondly, the success on some of the objectives cannot be easily measured. Even
conceptually, your idea of corruption may be different from mine. It is thus very
difficult to prove, though we can roughly guess.

Srinivas Acharya (Managing Director, Sundaram BNP Paribas Home Finance) (2017)
Opinioned that There is no desperation to either buy or sell. A sort of waiting game
is being played in the real estate sector due to demonetization, says Srinivas
Acharya, Managing Director, Sundaram BNP Paribas Home Finance. What will be
the long-term impact of demonetization? This is expected to be positive for real
estate sector as only the well-organized would survive. The role of black money
will come down drastically as more and more organized builders play a larger role.
Adi Godrej (Godrej Group Chairman) (2017) He has said the government should not

"interfere" in the real estate sector, often cited as one of the biggest black money
generators, even as he termed demonetization a "positive step".

Aditya puri (2017) HDFC Bank Chief says that “I think wallets have no future

.There is not enough margin in the payment business for the wallets to have a
future”.

Upasana Taku (2015) Co-founder of MobiKwik says that The RBIs step will

accelerate the adoption of mobile wallets in the country and ease the challenges
being faced by the common man and shopkeepers due to cash crunch.

REFERRENCES

 Dr Hem Shewtha Rathore. (2017) ,”Adoption of E-Wallet Payment

System”,BVIMSR’s Journal of Management Research,Vol 8Issue-1..
 Shamsher Singh ,Ravish Rana (2017) , ”Study of Consumer Perception Of
Digital Payment Mode”, Journal of Internet Banking and
Commerce,Vol.22,no.3
  J.Sivasubramanian, M. Velavan, S.Arunkumar, P.Abirami, C.Therasa and
G.Abirami(2017) ,”Preference Towards Digital Payment Among Gen X-
ERS”, International Journal Of Economic Research, Vol 14,No 3.
 Trilok Nath Shukla, “Mobile Wallet: Present And The Future”, International
Journal in Multidisciplinary and Academic Research (SSIJMAR),Vol. 5, No.
3, June 2016
 Pawan Kalyani, “An Empirical Study about the Awareness of Paperless E-
Currency Transaction like E-Wallet Using ICT in the Youth of India”,
Journal of Management Engineering and Information Technology
(JMEIT),Volume -3, Issue- 3, Jun. 2016
 Hem Shweta Rathore, “Adoption Of Digital wallet By Consumers”, Bharati
Vidyapeeth's Institute of Management Studies & Research, Navy Mumbai.

 Patel Urjith, “Livemint’, April 25,2017,

 Mahbuani Kishore, “Economy and Politics”, January 7, 2017, pp.5-6
 Bradhan Pranab, “Livemint”, January 14, 2017, pp.11-12.
 Acharya Srinivas, “ THE HINDU”, January 13, 2017,
 Godrej Adi, “ Hindustan Times”, January 13, 2017,

METHODOLOGY

The methodology may include publications research interviews, surveys and other
research technique, and could include both present and historical information’s.
Research methodology has many dimensions and research methods to constitute a
part of the research methodology. Simply research methodology is a way to
systematically solve research problems.

RESEARCH DESIGN

The research design refers to the overall strategy that you choose to integrate the
different components of the study in a coherent and logical way, thereby, ensuring
you will effectively address the research problem; it constitute the blueprint for the
collection, measurement, and analysis of data. Descriptive and analytical research
design is used for this study

AREA OF STUDY

This study is conducted at Kasaragod District

POPULATION

The total number of participants in a particular study is known as population. Here

the population is infinite that means the population cannot be measured. The
populations consist of E-wallet users among Kasaragod District.
SAMPLE SIZE

Sample size is an important concept in statistics, and refers to the number of

individual pieces of data collected in a survey. A survey or statistic’s sample size is
important in determining the accuracy and reliability of a survey’s findings. A
sample is selected in such a manner that it represents the population’s number.
Here 50 samples are chosen for study.

SAMPLING TECHNIQUE

The simple random sampling technique is used for completion of this study Simple
random sampling is a subset of individuals chosen from a larger set. Each
individual is chosen randomly and entirely by chance, such that each individual has
the same probability of being chosen at any stage during the sampling process, and
each subset of individuals has the same probability of being chosen for the sample
as any other subset of individuals. This process and technique is known as simple
random sampling.

SOURCE OF DATA

a. Primary source
These are the data collected by the investigator himself for the first time
for a specific purpose and thus they are original in character. These are
collected on the basis of questionnaires.

Here primary data is collected from 50 respondents in Kasaragod District

with a pre-structured questionnaire.
 b. Secondary source
These are the data already collected by someone else for his purpose, is
utilized by the investigators for his purpose. The secondary source of data
includes books, periodicals, scientific publications; magazines, internet,
Journal articles, newspapers, magazines, and electronic resources were
looked at to gain better understanding of current developments and
consumer perception.

TOOLS FOR DATA ANALYSIS

a. Percentage method
The present study is used percentage analysis method. Percentage
analysis is the method to present raw streams of data as a percentage
for better understanding. Simple percentage method has been used for
analysis of primary data collected.

Percentage of respondents= Number of respondents/total number of

respondents*100

b. Ranking method
Ranking method is a non-quantitative method of comparing different
alternatives. In statistics, “ranking” refers to the data transformation in
which numerical or ordinal values are replaced by their rank when the
data are stored. Ranks are related to the indexed list of order statistics,
which consist of the original dataset rearranged into ascending order.
 A ranking is a relationship between a set of items such that, for any
two items, the first is either ‘ranked higher than’, ‘ranked lower than’,
or ‘ranked equal to’ the second. In mathematics, this is known as a
weak order or total preorder of objects. It is not necessarily a total
order of objects because two different objects can have the same
rankings. The rankings themselves are totally ordered.

c. Chi-square analysis
The statistical test in which the test statistic follows a χ2– distribution
is called χ2 – test. There for χ2- test is a statistical test, which tests the
significance of difference between observed frequencies and the
corresponding expected frequencies of a Distribution. Here in this
research chi-square test is used to test the independence of two
attributes.

Chi-square value is calculated by using the following formula.

Χ2 = ∑ (O – E) 2/E
Where O = Observed Frequency
E = Expected frequency
Level of significance is considered as 5 per cent.
Null hypothesis is accepted or rejected by comparing the calculated
value with table value. If the calculate value is less than the table
value then the null hypothesis is accepted, otherwise rejected.
LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY

 Some of the respondents are reluctant to disclose data

 Some respondents are not aware about how to respond.
 The study was undertaken only for a particular period of time.
 The study was conducted in a limited geographical area. So we can
generalize the result.