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3 Types of Cooling Systems and How
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Cooling is the transfer of thermal energy from one medium to another. In

industrial applications, cooling can be critical to ensure that processes do not  Operating Dissolved
cause equipment or products to overheat. Many cooling applications use Oxygen Probes in
water as a medium to absorb heat, because water has a high boiling point and Bioreactors and Cell
high specific heat. There are many different ways to set up an industrial Culture
cooling system, but the three basic types can be summarized by examining

how cooling water is used in each system.

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Once-Through Cooling System

 Agriculture and

In once-through cooling, water is pumped from a nearby source, and passes Farming

only once through the system to absorb process heat. It is then discharged

back into the original source. This source may be a river, lake, ocean, or well.  Aquaculture

This design is common where large volumes of low-cost water are available.  Company News

Additionally, these systems are typical when cooling demand is low to

moderate, processes are not critical, and there is room to accommodate large  Conductivity

equipment and high volumes of water. One drawback to once-through cooling

is susceptibility to disturbance by stochastic water events, such as flooding.  Drinking Water

Moreover, these systems are being phased out due to concerns about water

quality and conservation.  Environmental

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 Industrial Wastewater

 Industrial Water

Treatment

 Municipal Wastewater

 ORP

Average Temperature Change: 5-10° F (3-6° C)

 pH
Amount of Water Used: High

Examples:
 Products

Potable Water Systems

 Pulp and Paper
Process Water

General Service
 Shipping and Marine

Closed Recirculating System / Dry Cooling Tower:  Swimming Pool & Spa

 Water Measurement
In closed recirculating systems or dry cooling towers, heat absorbed by the
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cooling water is either transferred to a second coolant, or released into the

atmosphere. The word dry is used because the water is never exposed to the

air, and as a result, very little water is lost. An automobile engine is a good

example of a closed cooling system. Archives

Evaporation is not used in closed recirculating cooling towers. Instead, cool air
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rushes over a series of small tubes containing circulating coolant. Heat is

transferred from the hot liquid inside the tubes to the cool air, resulting in

cooling. The coolant is then returned back into the engine.

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Boiler Chlorine Dioxide

Conductivity

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Average Temperature Change: 10-15° F (6-8° C) Swimming Pools Water Flow

Water Safety
Amount of Water Used: Negligible

Water Treatment

Examples:

Automobile Radiator

Chilled Water Systems

Food Temperature Controllers

Open Recirculating System / Wet Cooling Tower /

Evaporative Cooling Tower:

Open recirculating cooling systems or wet cooling towers are the most widely

used designs in industry. Just as in closed recirculating systems, the open

system uses the same water over and over again. Its most visible feature is the

large, outdoor cooling tower that uses evaporation to release heat from the


cooling water. Due to the mechanism, this type of cooling tower is also called
an evaporative cooling tower. This system consists of three main pieces of
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equipment: the recirculating water pump(s), the heat exchanger(s), and the
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cooling tower.

How Wet Cooling Towers Work:

Open recirculation cooling systems feature “wet towers,” where cooling water

comes in direct contact with upward airflow. Water from the heat exchanger is

pumped evenly over the top deck of the cooling tower. It cascades down and

is broken into tiny droplets as it passes through a series of splash plates, called

cooling tower fill. This fill can be corrugated plastic sheets, wooden slats, or

other devices that increase surface area, thereby enhancing evaporation. As

the water droplets bounce off the cooling tower fill, the hottest molecules

break away from the water and are carried up and out of the tower as “drift”.

The remaining cooled water collects in a tank at the bottom of the tower,

called the basin. This cooled water can now be pumped back into the heat

exchanger.

Average Temperature Change: 10-30° F (6-17° C)

Amount of Water Used: Moderate

Examples:

Cooling Towers

Spray Ponds

Cooling Tower Water Quality

Cooling systems rely on water as a heat transfer medium. This means that

water quality becomes essential for continuous operation of any cooling

system. Understanding the type of cooling system in your application will help

determine the most effective water treatment plan. Learn more about cooling

tower water treatment in our application note:

LEARN MORE

By MJ Peters | Industrial Water Treatment

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2 Comments
Want more helpful water quality tips? Subscribe now ×
bafflescoolingsystems June 6, 2018 at 3:34 AMLog in to Reply

Great post ; really useful

bafflescooling systems November 7, 2018 at 9:47 PMLog in to Reply

Great Post its wonderful blog

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