Chiller Standard: Development in Indonesia

Jakarta, 19 March 2016

Rana Yusuf Nasir
 Core Founder Green Building Council Indonesia
 Board of Governance Ashrae Indonesia Chapter
 Founder of PT Airkon Pratama
Parameter Chiller
Operating Condition

2
Required Data for Chiller Selection
Refrigerant 134a

Cooling
Tower
100% RLA

44.0 ºF 54.0 ºF
Evaporator 35.3 psi
(6.7oC) (12.2oC)

99.6 ºF 89.6 ºF
124 psi
(37.5oC) Condenser (32oC)

Required Data for Selection : Required Data for Selection :

- Capacity (TR) - Chilled Water Flow Rate
- Efficiency (kw/TR) - Entering Condenser Water Temp
- Leaving Chilled Water Temp - Condenser Water Flow Rate
 Evaporator (LChWT)
CHANGES LEAVING CHILLED WATER TEMPERATURE ON EVAPORATOR
OTHERS VARIABLES ARE CONSTANT
0,64

0,62

0,6
• Higher CHW temperature
0,58
reduces compressor energy :
KW/TR

0,56

0,54
• 1oC rise ↓2% drop in energy
0,52
input
0,5

0,48
,5

,5

,5

,5

,5

,5

,5

,5

,5

,5

,5
39

40

41

42

43

44

45

46

47

48

49

50
39

40

41

42

43

44

45

46

47

48

49
LEAV. CHILLED WATER TEMP.
EWT COND=85 F EWT COND=87.8

Condenser (ECWT)
CHANGES ENTERING WATER TEMPERATURE ON CONDENSER OTHERS VARIABLES ARE
CONTANTS
0.63

• Lower CW temperature also 0.61

reduces compressor energy 0.59

0.57

• 1°C drop ↓2% drop in 0.55

KW/TR

0.53
energy input 0.51

0.49

0.47

0.45
80 80.5 81 81.5 82 82.5 83 83.5 84 84.5 85 85.5 86 86.5 87 87.5 88 88.5 89 89.5 90
ENTERING WATER TEMP.
LCWT EVAP=44 LCWT EVAP=48.2
 Evaporator (Flow Rate)
CHANGES FLOW RATE ON EVAPORATOR OTHER VARIABLES ARE CONSTANT

0.6

0.59

0.58
• Lower chilled water rate,
reduces compressor energy
KW/TR

0.57

0.56 • It means higher delta T

0.55

0.54
1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3
FLOW RATE EVAP.
ECWT EVAP=85 ECWT EVAP=87.8

Condenser (Flow Rate)

CHANGES WATER FLOW RATE ON CONDENSER OTHERS VARIABLES ARE CONTANT

0.6

• Higher condenser water 0.58

rate, reduces compressor 0.56

energy
KW/TR

0.54

• It means lower delta T 0.52

0.5

0.48
2.00 2.10 2.20 2.30 2.40 2.50 2.60 2.70 2.80 2.90 3.00 3.10 3.20 3.30 3.40 3.50 3.60
FLOW RATE CONDENSER GPM/TR
LCWT EVAP=44 LCWT EVAP=48.2
How to select the
right chiller

6
 Centrifugal Chiller

Power Analysis
(Case study)
 Specification : 500 TR on ARI Std 550

 Alt-1 :
 Brand :A
 KW/TR : 0,600

 Alt-2 :
 Brand :B
 KW/TR : 0,580
 Centrifugal Chiller
Power Analysis (Case study)
Alt-1 : “A” – 0,600 KW/TR Alt-1 : “B” – 0,580 KW/TR

1.200 1.200
1.150
1.100 1.100

1.000 1.000
0.920

KW/TR
0.900 0.900

KW/TR
0.800
0.800 0.800
0.730

0.650 0.700 0.700

0.620
0.600 0.590
0.580 0.570 0.580 0.570 0.570 0.580
0.565 0.600 0.600

0.500 0.500
100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30%

Part Load Part Load

Part Load TR KW/TR KW Op Hour % Op Hour KWH Part Load TR KW/TR KW Op Hour % Op Hour KWH
100% 500 0.600 300 5% 150 45,000 100% 500 0.580 290 5% 150 43,500
90% 450 0.580 261 20% 600 156,600 90% 450 0.570 256.5 20% 600 153,900
80%
70%
400
350
0.570
0.565Comparison from full load KW/TR is
228
197.75
40%
20%
1,200
600
273,600
118,650
80%
70%
400
350
0.570
0.580
228
203
40%
20%
1,200
600
273,600
121,800
60% 300 0.590 177 7% 210 37,170 60% 300 0.620 186 7% 210 39,060
50% 250 0.650 not enough
162.5 5% 150 24,375 50% 250 0.730 182.5 5% 150 27,375
40% 200 0.800 160 2% 60 9,600 40% 200 0.920 184 2% 60 11,040
30% 150 1.150 172.5 1% 30 5,175 30% 150 1.250 187.5 1% 30 5,625
TOTAL 100% 3,000 670,170 TOTAL 100% 3,000 675,900
Operating Chiller
Temperature

9
 Cooling Tower & Condenser Water
Temp

Entering Temp

Range Cond
Temp
Condenser Water
Leaving Temp
Approach
Temp
Ambient Wet bullb temp
Jakarta Climate Data Analysis – RYN)
• NOTE : 3 year = 1994, 1995, 1996
• 52,560 data dianalisa

Occ. DB DB Max / 3 year WB WB Max / 3 year

Failure
Hour /
Rate
year deg C deg C Occ Hour deg C deg C Occ Hour

0,5% 44 33,4 26,9

1,0% 88 33,0 34,0 4 26,6 27,4 6

1,5% 132 32,6 26,2

If we take :
• 1% Failure Rate = 26.6 oC
• Approach temp = 8 oF ~ 4.4 oC
• Then :
• Ent Water Temp = 31 oC ` 87.8 oF (???)
Factor to be considered to select chiller
 Operating Condition :
 Kw/TR target
 Chilled Water Leaving Temp
 Condenser Water Entering Temp
 Chilled Water Delta Temp (:) Chilled water flow rate
 Condenser Water Delta Temp (:) Condenser water flow rate
 Building Load Profile :
 Shall be provided by MEP Engineer
 Simpler way and approved by international standard :
 Using IPLV or NPLV

12
Integrated Part
Load Value - IPLV

13
 ARI Standard 550/590 :
Chilled Water T in/out : 54/44F (12.2/6.7C);
Condenser Water T in/out : 85/95F (35/29.4C);
FF evap : 0,001 ; FF cond : 0,0025
Part load based on Ent Cond Water Temp relief

IPLV : Integrated Part Load Value

1
IPLV =
0.01 0.42 0.45 0.12
+ + +
A B C D

 0,01 = 1% : % operating hours ; A = KW/TR at full capacity, ECWT = 85 F

 0,42 = 42% : % operating hours ; B = KW/TR at 75% capacity, ECWT = 75 F
 0,45 = 45% : % operating hours ; C = KW/TR at 50% capacity, ECWT = 65 F
 0,12 = 12% : % operating hours ; D = KW/TR at 25% capacity = 65 F
 Efficiency Comparison between chillers
0,85
At full load : 0,80
0,75
 Ch#1 : 0,628 kw/tr 0,70
0,65

 Ch#2 : 0,600 Kw/tr 0,60

0,55
0,50
0,45
100% 75% 50% 25%
Chiller #1
Chiller #2

Part Load
Chiller #1 Chiller #2
ARI Std550
100% 1% 0,628 0,600
75% 42% 0,489 0,520
50% 45% 0,510 0,520
25% 12% 0,827 0,900
IPLV 0,526 0,549
Non-standard Part
Load Value - NPLV

16
0,85
0,80
Local Part Load Profile
0,75 Our country :
0,70
0,65
 Part Load Profile ??
0,60
 ECWT constant ??
0,55
0,50
0,45
100% 75% 50% 25%
ARI Std 550
ECWT Constant

Part Load ECWT Relief ECWT Const Part Load Part Load
ARI Std550 PL = Std550 PL = Std550 #1 #2
100% 1% 0,628 0,628 25% 30%
75% 42% 0,489 0,598 40% 60%
50% 45% 0,510 0,621 35% 10%
25% 12% 0,827 N/A N/A N/A
IPLV 0,526 0,693 0,613 0,609
Chiller Part Load Performance
NPLV : Non-standard Part Load Value
(GBCIndonesia version)
1
NPLV 
0.05 0.75 0.2
 
A B C
 0,05 = 5% : % operating hours ; A = KW/TR at full capacity
 0,75 = 75% : % operating hours ; B = KW/TR at 75% capacity
 0,2 = 20% : % operating hours ; C = KW/TR at 50% capacity
 0 % operating hours for 25% capacity
 ChWT : 54/44F (12.2/6.7C); ECWT : 87/97F (30.6/36.1C); FF evap : 0,001 ; FF
cond : 0,0025
 Part load based on “Constant Ent Cond Water Temp (without relief)”
 Part Load Performance
Percent Weighted Weighted Entering Condenser Water Temperature
Average Average ECWT
GBCIndonesia
ARI 550/590 -2003
(Chiller (Chiller Standard
Load MS1525:2007 GBCI
Operating) Operating) Relief ECWT

(ºF) (ºC) (ºF) (ºC) (ºF) (ºC)

100% 1% 5% 85 29.4 87 30.6 87 30.6
75% 42% 75% 75 23.9 85 29.4 87 30.6
50% 45% 20% 65 18.3 80 26.7 87 30.6
25% 12% 0% 65 18.3 80 26.7 87 30.6
0% 65 18.3 80 26.7 87 30.6
Conclusion
 What do we need to develop chiller standard :
 Acceptable operating condition chiller to accommodate
our regional climate condition
 To develop our regional NPLV Standard  we need Part
load profile and hour distribution :
 % hour forat 100% load, 75% load, 50% loadand 25% load
 Chiller specification shall be based on NPLV instead of
KW/TR full load
 Chiller efficiency : “NPLV a part of energy code”
 We need a collaboration among industry (chiller reps)
and other professional association
 If necessary working together to other regional
stakeholders (tropical region)
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