Calculation of wind load

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Diagram
Wind in X direction > → dy

→
Dynamic Wind response
dx
Design Peak along wind load on the building at any ht z

Fz = Cfz x Az x Pd x G

Gust Factor
 H g2SE
G 1r gv2Bs 1  s R 
2

  

Design of hourly mean Wind Pressure

Pd = 0.6 Vz ,d ^2

Design of hourly mean Wind Speed

Vz ,d = Vz, H x k1 xk3 x k4 = Vb x k1 x k2i xk3 x k4

Vz, H = Vb x K2 i

K2i = 0.143 [ In (Z/ Z0 i) ] (Z0 i) ^0.0706

Along Wind Response

dx = 8.0 m
dy = 8.0 m
Height of structure,h = 61 m
Terrain Category = = 2
Z0,i = 0.02 m (for terrain category2 )
Vb = 55 m/s
K1 = 1 ( 50 years)
K2' i = 0.108 (In(z/ 0.02 ) (varies with height)
K3 = 1 (for plain topography)
K4 = 1
Kd = 0.9
Ka = 1

T(First mode in seconds) = 1.95 seconds

β (table 36) = 0.02 bolted steel structure

Vzd'=K1.K2'.K3.K4.Vb = 5.94 (In(z/ 0.02 ) (varies with height)

(eq. simplified)

Vh,d' (at h= 61 m) = 47.66 m/s

Calculations for Turbulence Intensity ( Ih,i). :-

For terrain category 2 -

Ih,i ,2 = 0.1328 (formula varies with terrain category)
 
  I z , 4  I z ,1  
1
I z , 2   I z ,1
 7 
Ih,i ,1 1 = 0.1108
Bs   z 
I z ,1  0 .3507  0( h.0535
0 . 26  100 .46 b sh2 
 s ) log
2
I z ,1  0 .3507  0( h.0535
0 . 26  s ) log 100 .46 b sh 
1  0 .002 
L h

Ih,i,4 = 0.2645
z
I z ,4  0 . 466  0 . 1358 log 10  
2
Calculations for Roughness factor (Rh) :-

Rh = 0.2656 Peak Factor (gv)

 
 2  I z ,1   I z , 4  I z ,1  
1 (Formula Need to
rz , 2  2 I z , 2 be changed with terrain categorygv
 7  terrain category) 1 3
(Values Varies with height) 2 3
3 4
gv ( Peak factor depend on = 3 4 4
terrain category )

Calculations for Background Factor ( Bs) :-

Varies with s For Terrain category 1 to 3, Lh

0.25
h
85 
 10 
= 133.59 m
Effective Turbulence length scale, For Terrain Category 4,Lh
Lh 0 . 25
 h 
70  
s , About base = 0  10 

terrain
For X-dir category Lh
bsh,x = 8 m 1 133.59 m
2 133.59 m
Bs,x(for h) = 0.809 3 133.59 m
4 110.01 m
For Y-dir
bsh,y = 8 m

Bs,y(for h) = 0.809

Calculations for height Factor ( Hs) :-

Hs = 1 +( s /h ) ^2 = 1
(Values Varies with height)

Calculations for Peak Factor for resonant response ( gr) :-

gR = 3.879
SQRT(2*LN(3600*0.513))

Calculations for Size Reduction Factor ( S) :-

1
S
 3.5 f a h  4 f a b0h 
1  1  
 Vh,d  Vh,d 
 

fa (first mode frquency) (1/T) = 0.513 Hz

For X-dir
boh,x = 3.5 m
Sx = 0.264

For Y-dir
boh,y = 3.5 m

Sy = 0.264

Calculations for spectrum of Turbulence ( S) :-

E   = 0.0705
 N 
E  5 
 (1  70 . 8 N 2 ) 6 
 

Where ,

N ( eff. Reduce frequency ) = 1.438

faLh
N 
V h,d
 60m

Elevation
Calculation of Wind Forces in 'X' Direction

Height of structure,h = 61 m
Vzd'=K1.K2'.K3.K4.Vb = 5.94 (In(z/ 0.02 ) (varies with height)
gv ( Peak factor for upwind velocity fluctuation) = 3
Lh (Effective Turbulence length scale) = 133.59 m Table used for interpolation
Ih,I Calculations for Turbulence Intensity = 0.1328 0.1 3.8
gR (Peak Factor for resonant response) = 3.879 0.11 3.74
Sx (Size Reduction Factor ) = 0.264 0.2 3.3
E (spectrum of Turbulence) = 0.0705
β ( Damping Coeff. Table 36 ) = 0.02

Fn4

Fp3 Notes:
Fp = Wind Force on Each Panel (kN)
Fn3 Fn = Wind Force to be applied on node (kN)

h Fp2 Fn1 = (Fp1/2)/2

z Fn2 = ((Fp1+Fp2)/2)/2
Fn2 Fn3 = ((Fp2+Fp3)/2)/2
s Fn4 = (Fp4/2)/2
Fp1

Fn1 Base
Notation for height

Pzd Panel
he(m) (kN/sq.m) r Effective Panel Area, Force
Solidity Ratio Φ Coefficient
Elevation (z) (height of b (m) Vzd (m/s) bsh (m) Bs φ Hs G frontal A (sq.m) = Ae/A for Each
Fp (kN) Fn (kN)
panel) Area, Panel, Cf
(0.6Vzd^2)* Ae (sq.m)
Kd.Ka 2*Ih,i
Panel 1 61 2 1.529 47.66 1.37 0.27 1.53 0.99 0.20 2.00 2.70 0.59 3.07 0.191 3.35 7.24 1.81 1 101 FX
Panel 2 59 2 1.536 47.46 1.36 0.27 1.53 0.99 0.20 1.94 2.68 0.58 3.07 0.188 3.36 7.07 3.58 3 103 FX
Panel 3 57 2.084 1.538 47.26 1.35 0.27 1.57 0.98 0.20 1.87 2.66 0.60 3.35 0.179 3.41 7.33 3.60 5 105 FX
Panel 4 54.916 2.116 1.678 47.04 1.33 0.27 1.64 0.98 0.20 1.81 2.64 0.74 3.81 0.193 3.33 8.6 3.98 7 107 FX
Panel 5 52.8 2.2 1.922 46.8 1.32 0.27 1.73 0.97 0.20 1.75 2.62 0.78 4.52 0.174 3.43 9.3 4.48 9 109 FX
Panel 6 50.6 2.8 2.184 46.55 1.31 0.27 1.84 0.96 0.20 1.69 2.59 1.14 6.58 0.173 3.44 13.26 5.64 11 111 FX
Panel 7 47.8 3.2 2.514 46.21 1.29 0.27 1.97 0.95 0.19 1.62 2.57 1.36 8.65 0.158 3.51 15.88 7.29 13 113 FX
Panel 8 44.6 3.6 2.895 45.8 1.26 0.27 2.12 0.94 0.19 1.54 2.54 1.69 11.17 0.151 3.54 19.14 8.76 15 115 FX
Panel 9 41 4.2 3.313 45.3 1.24 0.27 2.29 0.93 0.19 1.45 2.51 2.80 14.94 0.188 3.36 29.3 12.11 17 117 FX
Panel 10 36.8 4.8 3.801 44.66 1.2 0.27 2.48 0.91 0.19 1.36 2.47 2.66 19.61 0.135 3.62 28.56 14.47 19 119 FX
Panel 11 32 5.5 4.369 43.83 1.16 0.27 2.69 0.90 0.19 1.28 2.44 3.48 25.79 0.135 3.63 35.69 16.06 21 121 FX
Panel 12 26.5 6.5 5.010 42.71 1.1 0.27 2.93 0.88 0.19 1.19 2.40 4.26 35.10 0.122 3.69 41.61 19.33 23 123 FX
Panel 13 20 9 5.789 41.04 1.02 0.27 3.21 0.86 0.19 1.11 2.37 7.14 56.82 0.126 3.67 63.25 26.22 25 125 FX
Panel 14 11 11 6.837 37.49 0.85 0.27 3.54 0.84 0.18 1.03 2.33 9.24 82.23 0.112 3.74 68.41 32.92 27 127 FX
BASE 0 8.114 17.10 29 129 FX
37.05 278.71 354.64 177.32
 3
Wind Intensity = 4.79 kN/sq.m

Calculation for Effective Frontal Area of each Panel:-

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38

Vertical (Leg) Members Horizontal Members Diagonal Members Member

Panel Projected Effective Frontal
B L Nos. B L Nos. B L Nos. Area Area, Ae
Panel 1 0.05 1 4 0.045 0.75 2 0.05 1.25 4 0.5175 0.585
0.045 1.5 1 0.0675
0
0
0

Panel 2 0.065 1 4 0.045 0.75 2 0.05 1.25 4 0.5775 0.5775

0
0
0
0

Panel 3 0.065 1.088 2 0.045 0.75 2 0.05 1.356 2 0.34454 0.59954

0.065 1 2 0.05 1.25 2 0.255
0
0
0

Panel 4 0.09 1.136 2 0.045 0.87 2 0.05 1.47 2 0.42978 0.73524

0.09 0.987 2 0.05 1.278 2 0.30546
0
0
0

Panel 5 0.09 1.174 2 0.045 0.996 2 0.05 1.583 2 0.45926 0.7845

0.09 1.033 2 0.05 1.393 2 0.32524
0
0
0

Panel 6 0.1 1.504 2 0.045 1.139 2 0.065 1.939 2 0.65538 1.13504

0.1 1.305 2 0.065 1.682 2 0.47966
0
0
0

Panel 7 0.11 1.718 2 0.045 1.312 2 0.065 2.221 2 0.78477 1.36413

0.11 1.493 2 0.065 1.93 2 0.57936
0
0
0
Panel 8 0.13 1.931 2 0.045 1.509 2 0.065 2.518 2 0.96521 1.68736
0.13 1.681 2 0.065 2.193 2 0.72215
0
0
0

Panel 9 0.13 2.255 2 0.045 1.734 2 0.065 2.923 2 1.12235 2.8018

0.13 1.959 2 0.045 0.7 2 0.065 2.54 2 0.90254
0.13 1.959 2 0.045 0.698 2 0.045 1.124 2 0.67332
0.045 1.151 2 0.10359
0

Panel 10 0.13 2.575 2 0.05 1.994 2 0.065 3.347 2 1.30401 2.65511

0.13 2.241 2 0.045 0.831 2 0.065 2.912 2 1.03601
0.045 0.825 2 0.045 1.323 2 0.19332
0.045 1.353 2 0.12177
0

Panel 11 0.15 2.95 2 0.065 2.292 2 0.075 3.839 2 1.75881 3.47937

0.15 2.568 2 0.045 0.955 2 0.075 3.341 2 1.3575
0.045 0.955 2 0.045 1.522 2 0.22293
0.045 1.557 2 0.14013
0

Panel 12 0.15 3.493 2 0.065 2.637 2 0.08 4.496 2 2.11007 4.26448

0.15 3.029 2 0.045 1.133 2 0.08 3.9 2 1.63467
0.045 1.124 2 0.05 1.812 2 0.28236
0.065 1.826 2 0.23738
0

Panel 13 0.2 4.895 2 0.08 3.078 2 0.1 5.932 2 3.63688 7.1377

0.2 4.135 2 0.045 1.316 2 0.1 5.01 2 2.77444
0.045 1.295 2 0.065 2.285 2 0.4136
0.065 2.406 2 0.31278
0

Panel 14 0.2 5.997 2 0.09 3.653 2 0.11 7.2 2 4.64034 9.24381

0.2 5.04 2 0.065 1.593 2 0.11 6.051 2 3.55431
0.065 1.572 2 0.075 2.816 2 0.62676
0.075 2.816 2 0.4224
0

0 0
0
0

0 0
0
0

0 0
0
0
0 0
0
0

0 0
0
0

0 0
0
0

0 0
0
0

0 0
0
0

0 0
0
0

0 0
0
0

0 0
0
0

0 0
0
0

0 0
0
0

0 0
0
0

0 0
0
0

0 0
0
0
0 0
0
0

0 0
0
0

0 0
0
0

0 0
0
0
 1.81
3.58
3.60
3.98 0.1 3.8
4.48 0.2 3.3
5.64
7.29
8.76
12.11
14.47
16.06
19.33
26.22
32.92
17.10
Peak Factor (gv)

terrain category gv
1 3
2 3
3 4
4 4

Effective Turbulence length scale, Lh

0.25
For Terrain category 1 to 3, Lh85 h 
 10 

For Terrain Category 4,Lh  h 

0 . 25

70  
 10 

terrain category Lh
1 133.59 m
2 133.59 m
3 133.59 m
4 110.01 m