Spent Lithium Battery Recycling

Project in Indonesia

PT. Indonesia Puqing Recycling Technology

1. Global development trend of electric vehicles
03 2018
The global market is expected
to reach 2 million vehicles.
2017 02
More than one million new
electric vehicles have been
Electric
sold worldwide.
vehicles

2016 01

Global sales of new

energy passenger 04 2035
vehicles totaled
The global market size
731,000.
(new car sales) will reach
22.02 million.

Three countries accounted for more than 1 per

cent of electric vehicles: Norway (6.4 per cent),
the Netherlands (1.6 per cent) and Sweden (1
per cent).
2. Development trend of global lithium battery industry

The global lithium ion battery market will grow at a

compound annual rate of 15% in 2019 ~ 2025, and

the demand of lithium ion battery market will

increase from us $49.3 billion in 2018 to us $98

billion by 2025.In 2018, the global power battery

shipment volume was 106GWh, up 55.2% year on

year, and the annual compound growth rate from

Global battery industry market size and growth from 2010 to 2018 2014 to 2018 was 69.6%.
(unit: us $100 million, %)
3. The amount of waste lithium batteries that can be recycled
Prediction of the recyclable battery quantity in 2018 ~ 2022 Puqing recycling project

Year 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022

6.0 6.6 7.2 7.8 8.3

33000 36300 39600 42900 45650

1GWh used lithium battery weighs about 5,500 tons.

Electric cars typically have a battery life of four to six years. In 2014, the global new-
energy automobile industry achieved rapid development. Therefore, in 2018, lithium
battery has entered the decommissioning period, and the decommissioning amount of
lithium battery is expected to reach 20GWh by 2020.By 2023, the total number of
lithium battery decommissioning is expected to reach 101GWh.
4. Industrial benefits of spent lithium battery recycling

02 04 Recycling
Talent reserve system
construction

01 03 05
Technology Equipment Standard
accumulation development establishment
5.1 Production Technology

• 1）Dismantling and Sorting

• By means of mechanical cutting, the battery pack is
disassembled and sorted to obtain the plastic shell of the
battery pack, the iron, aluminum, copper, nickel and
other metal accessories in the battery module, and the
separate single battery module.

• 2）Crushing and Pyrolysis

• The single battery is crushed by a crusher to form broken
materials, which are put into the pyrolysis equipment to
decompose the plastic outsourcing, plastic diaphragm
and electrolyte composed of organic matter in the
battery into carbon dioxide at high temperature. The
water vapor is discharged from the pyrolysis furnace and
enters the pyrolysis gas environmental protection
treatment equipment for discharge to the standard. After
pyrolysis, the remaining anode and cathode materials
enter into the next step of crushing and mechanical
sorting.

• 3）Crushing and sorting

• The copper foil, aluminum foil and battery powder are
separated in the physical crushing and friction process.
Copper metal, aluminum metal, iron metal and battery
powder containing nickel-cobalt element were separated
by screening, air separation and magnetic separation. The
obtained battery powder enters the next acid leaching
process.
5.2 Production Technology

• 4）Exhaust gas and dust treatment

• The waste gas generated in the process of single battery
crushing, high temperature pyrolysis, sorting and
recycling, etc., first passes through the cloth bag filter to
remove dust in the exhaust gas, and then passes through
the alkali spray absorption tower, so that the acid gas in
the exhaust gas, such as carbon dioxide, is absorbed by
reaction, so as to achieve the purpose of exhaust gas
reaching the standard emission.

• 5）Acid leaching
• The battery powder contains lithium nickel cobalt
manganese oxide, charcoal powder, incomplete
separation of metal copper (Cu) and aluminum (Al) , etc..
Through the reaction of battery powder and sulfuric acid
solution, the mixed leaching solution of nickel sulfate,
cobalt sulfate, manganese sulfate and lithium sulfate is
generated, and the by-products such as copper sulfate
and aluminum sulfate are produced at the same time.
Charcoal powder does not react with sulfuric acid and is
filtered and separated.

• 6）Removal of copper
• The leaching solution contains copper sulfate. By adding
iron powder to the leaching solution, the copper is
reduced to spongy copper. After filtration, the spongy
copper and copper-free solutions are obtained.
5.3 Production Technology

• 7） Removal of iron and aluminum

• The solution that has been cleaned of copper contains
ferrous sulfate and aluminum sulfate. Firstly, oxidant is
added, and then calcium carbonate or sodium carbonate
is added to precipitate iron and aluminum. After filtering
material solution, iron and aluminum solution and low
nickel intermediate products are obtained.

• 8）To precipitate nickel, cobalt and

manganese
• The solution of iron and aluminum has been removed
containing nickel sulfate, cobalt sulfate, manganese
sulfate, lithium sulfate, add sodium hydroxide, the
formation of nickel hydroxide, cobalt hydroxide,
manganese hydroxide mixture, after filtration, get nickel-
cobalt hydroxide products, lithium sulfate and sodium
sulfate mixed solution.

• 9） To precipitate lithium
• Add sodium carbonate to the mixed solution of lithium
sulfate and sodium sulfate. Lithium sulfate reacts with
sodium carbonate to form lithium carbonate
precipitation. Through filtration, lithium carbonate
products and sodium sulfate solution are obtained.
6. Obstacles to industrial development
Lack of raw materials (spent
lithium batteries)
The plant’s design capacity
is 20.000 tons/year. For now
Indonesia generates about
2.000 tons spent lithium
batteries per year.
Restrictions on the import of
waste lithium batteries
All kinds of waste batteries are
listed as hazardous wastes in
Government Regulation No.
101/2014 on Hazardous Waste
Management.
Importation of hazardous
waste is prohibited as
regulated in Act 32/2009 on
Environmental Management.
7. Dangerous waste management policy
Is the lithium
Country/Or ion battery
No. Policy Classification criteria
ganization hazardous
waste?
Waste battery pollution prevention and control
waste lead storage batteries, nickel-cadmium batteries,
technology policy废 电 池污染防治技术政策
1 China and mercury oxide batteries are hazardous waste, No
National Catalogue of Hazardous Waste 国 家 危险废物处理
category/code: HW49/900-044-49
名录
Enforcement Ordinance on Waste Disposal and Cleaning
廃棄物の処理及び清掃に関する法律施行令
2 Japan Waste batteries are not classified as hazardous waste. No

Appendix IX - List B, Article B1090, batteries made of

3 Korea Basel Convention No
lead, cadmium, mercury are hazardous waste

4 USA No
management according to hazardous waste

Corrigendum to Commission Decision 2014/955/EU of 18

16 06 01* lead batteries, 16 06 02*Ni-Cd batteries, 16 06
December 2014 amending Decision 2000/532/EC on the
03*mercury-containing batteries, 16 06 06*separately
5 EU list of waste pursuant to Directive 2008/98/EC of the No
collected electrolyte from batteries and accumulators
European Parliament and of the Council ( OJ L 370,
are hazardous waste
30.12.2014 )

CONCERNING THE CONTROL OF TRANSBOUNDARY

MOVEMENTS OF WASTES DESTINED FOR RECOVERY Appendix A and Appendix B do not contain waste
6 OECD No
batteries

7 Indonesia / / /
8. Solution to the problem

Implementation of classification
management on waste batteries
and delisting spent lithium 2
batteries from B3 wastes.

1 Special import license

for raw materials (spent
lithium batteries).
9. Problem solving plan

1）Import
Import spent lithium batteries to
meet production needs.

2）Stop import
Indonesia's local spent lithium
batteries meet production needs.

Indonesia is developing electric

vehicle industry.
10.1 Policies in China

Main laws or regulations related to Electric Vehicle battery recycling in China

序号 名称 文件号 摘要

国务院
1 Energy Conservation and New Energy Vehicle 2012.06.28
State Council
Industry Development Plan (2012-2020)

国务院关于加快发展节能环保产业的意见
State Council's Opinions on Accelerating the 国务院
2 2013.08.01
Development of Energy Conservation and State Council
Environmental Protection Industry

序号：51
； 技 术名称：废旧电池资源化利用技术。
2012
年 国 家先进污染防治示范技术名录
3 2012 National Advanced Pollution Prevention 2013.12.25
and Control Demonstration Technology List

关于加快新能源汽车推广应用的指导意见
国务院
4 Guidance on accelerating the promotion and 2014.07.21
State Council
application of new energy vehicles

National
Development and
5 2016.01.05 Reform
Commission and
other 4
departments

关于2016-2020 年 新 能源汽车推广应用财政支持政
财政部等四部委
策的通知 新能源汽车生产企业及电池生产企业应承担动力电池回收利用的主体责任
Ministry of Finance
6 Notice on the financial support policy for the 2015.04.22 New energy automobile manufacturers and battery manufacturers should bear the main responsibility
and other 3
promotion and application of new energy of power battery recycling
ministries
vehicles in 2016-2020
10.1 Policies in China

Main laws or regulations related to Electric Vehicle battery recycling in China

序号 名称 文件号 摘要
废旧电池及其拆解物；综合利用产品包括金属及镍钴锰氢氧化物、镍钴锰酸锂、氯化钴，产品原料中95% 以 上利
财政部、国税总局
资源综合利用产品和劳务增值税优惠目录 Ministry of Finance,
Waste batteries and their disassembled products; comprehensive utilization products include metals
7 Resource comprehensive utilization product 2015.6.12 State
and nickel-cobalt-manganese hydroxides, nickel-cobalt-manganate, and cobalt chloride. More than
and labor VAT preferential list Administration of
95% of the raw materials of the products use the above resources; Tax rebate is 30% for nickel-cobalt-
Taxation
manganese hydroxide that meets national standard GB/T 26300-2010.

New energy vehicle waste power battery

comprehensive utilization industry standard
从企业布局、规模、装备、工艺、资源利用、能耗和环保等多方面对新能源汽车废旧动力蓄电池综合利用企业提
conditions 工信部
出了要求。
Ministry of Industry
8 2016.02.04 From the aspects of enterprise layout, scale, equipment, technology, resource utilization, energy
and Information
consumption and environmental protection, the requirements for new energy vehicle waste power
Technology
battery comprehensive utilization enterprises are put forward.

国务院办公厅 业应实行产品编码，建立全生命周期追溯系统。
9 Producer responsibility extension system 2016.12.25 Office of the State Electric vehicles and power battery manufacturers should be responsible for establishing a recycling
plan Council network for spent batteries, and recycling spent batteries with the after-sales service network. Power
batt ery manuf act ur ers shoul d impl e ment pr oduct codes and est abli sh a f ull life cycl e traceability syst e m.

环保部
Ministry of
10 Waste battery pollution prevention and 2016.12.26
Environmental
control technology policy
Protection

新能源汽车生产企业及产品准入管理规定 工信部
New energy vehicle manufacturing Ministry of Industry
11 2017.1.6
enterprises and product access management and Information
regulations Technology
10.2 Policies in China

Main laws or regulations related to Electric Vehicle battery recycling in China

序号 名称 文件号 摘要

工信部等三部委
开展新能源汽车动力电池回收利用试点，建立完善废旧动力电池资源化利用标准体系，推进废旧动力电池梯级利
Ministry of Industry
关于加快推进再生资源产业发展的指导意见 用。
and Information
12 Guiding Opinions on Accelerating the 2017.01.25 Piloting the recycling of new energy vehicles' power batteries, establishing and perfecting the standard
Technology and
Development of Recycling Resources Industry system for the utilization of waste power batteries, and promoting the utilization of waste power
other 2 ministries
batteries

战略性新兴产业重点产品和服务指导目录（2016版）
Strategic Emerging Industry Key Products
13
and Services Guidance Catalogue (2016
Edition)
第5.3.1：电池回收再利用生产装备
Section 5.3.1: Battery recycling and production equipment
发改委
第7.3.6：①报废汽车拆解和再生利用。报废汽车自动化拆解设备、报废新能源汽车动力蓄电池拆卸技术及装备。
National
②废旧新能源汽车动力蓄电池回收利用。包括余能检测、拆解、梯级利用和无害化再生利用等技术装备。
2017.1.25 Development and
7.3.6:1 Dismantling and recycling of scrapped vehicles. Scrap automotive auto-disassembly equipment,
Reform
scrapped new energy vehicle power battery disassembly technology and equipment. 2 Waste new
Commission
energy vehicle power battery recycling. It includes technical equipment such as residual energy
detection, disassembly, cascade utilization and harmless recycling.

发改委等11部门
National 第四章第十一条 壮大资源循环利用产业促进再生资源回收利用提质升级，开展新品种废弃物回收利用示范。推动
Development and 动力蓄电池等的回收利用。
循环发展引领行动
14 2017.4.21 Reform Chapter IV Article 11 Expand the resources recycling industry to promote the recycling and upgrading
Circular development leads the way
Commission and of renewable resources, and carry out demonstration of recycling and utilization of new varieties of
other 10 waste. Promote the recycling of power batteries and the like.
departments

工信部等三部委
汽车产业中长期发展规划 Ministry of Industry 落实生产者责任延伸制度，制定动力电池回收利用管理办法
15 Medium and long-term development plan for 2017.04.25 and Information Implement the producer responsibility extension system and formulate management measures for
the automotive industry Technology and power battery recycling
other 2 ministries
10.2 Policies in China

Main laws or regulations related to Electric Vehicle battery recycling in China

序号 名称 文件号 摘要

五、节能环保与资源综合利用（二）固体废弃物处理
1.废旧电池回收技术，内容：镍、钴、锰等高价值化学材料的定向循环技术，铁、锂等偏离元素的无害化技术，
工信部 自动化拆解技术等废旧锂离子动力电池回收技术。
产业关键共性技术发展指南（2017年）
Ministry of Industry V. Energy conservation, environmental protection and comprehensive utilization of resources (2) Solid
16 Industry Key Common Technology 2017.10.18
and Information waste treatment
Development Guide (2017)
Technology 1. Waste battery recycling technology, content: directional circulation technology of high-value
chemical materials such as nickel, cobalt and manganese, and harmless technology of deviating
elements such as iron and lithium

介绍了废旧电池资源化制备高性能三元前驱体材料技术：动力电池经放电、拆解后，芯体和消费类电池经破碎、
热解、粉碎等预处理得到电池材料，再采用化学溶解、化学除杂、萃取、反萃取等工艺分离出含镍、钴、锰的纯
中国物资再生协会 溶液，在制造成三元材料前躯体镍钴锰氢氧化物。
产业关键共性技术发展指南（2017年） China National This paper introduces the technology of high-quality ternary precursor material for waste battery
17 Industry Key Common Technology 2017.11.6 Resources recycling. After the power battery is discharged and disassembled, the core and consumer batteries are
Development Guide (2017) Recycling pretreated by crushing, pyrolysis, pulverization, etc. to obtain battery materials, and then chemically
Association dissolved. The chemical impurity removal, extraction, back extraction and other processes separate a
pure solution containing nickel, cobalt and manganese, and produce a nickel-cobalt-manganese
hydroxide as a precursor of the ternary material.

关于组织开展新能源汽车动力蓄电池回收利用试点工 工信部等七部委 到2020年，建立完善动力蓄电池回收利用体系，探索形成动力蓄电池回收利用创新商业合作模式。在京津冀、长

作的通知 Ministry of Industry 三角、珠三角和中部地区各选择一个城市开展新能源汽车动力蓄电池回收利用试点，并以试点城市为中心，向周
18 Notice on Organizing Pilot Work on Recycling 2018.02.22 and Information 边区域辐射。实施年限为2年。
and Utilization of New Energy Vehicle Power Technology and By 2020, we will establish a complete power battery recycling system and explore an innovative
Battery other 6 ministries business cooperation model for the recycling of power batteries.
10.2 Policies in China

Main laws or regulations related to Electric Vehicle battery recycling in China

序号 名称 文件号 摘要
在动力蓄电池回收过程，落实生产者责任延伸制度，汽车生产企业承担动力蓄电池回收的责任主体，相关企业在
回收利用各环节履行相应责任，检测产品全生命周期理念，保障动力蓄电池的有效利用好环保处置。同时鼓励开
工信部等七部委 展梯次利用和再生利用，推动动力蓄电池回收利用模式创新。
新能源汽车动力蓄电池回收利用管理暂行办法
Ministry of Industry In the process of recycling the power battery, the implementation of the producer responsibility
Interim Measures for the Management of
19 2018.02.26 and Information extension system, the automobile production enterprise bears the responsibility of the recycling of the
Recycling and Utilization of New Energy
Technology and power battery, and the relevant enterprises fulfill their respective responsibilities in the recycling and
Vehicle Power Battery
other 6 ministries utilization, test the product life cycle concept, and ensure the effective use and environmentally friednly
disposal of the power battery. At the same time, it encourages the use of ladders and recycling, and
promotes the innovation of power battery recycling and utilization mode.
建立新能源汽车国家监测与动力蓄电池回收利用溯源综合管理平台，对动力蓄电池生产、销售、使用、报废、回
新能源汽车动力蓄电池回收利用溯源管理暂行规定 工信部 收、利用等全过程进行信息采集，对各环节主体履行回收利用责任情况实施监测。
Interim Regulations on the Management of Ministry of Industry Establish a comprehensive management platform for national monitoring and power battery recycling
20 2018.07.02
Traceability of Recycling and Utilization of and Information and traceability of new energy vehicles, collect information on the whole process of production, sales,
New Energy Vehicles Technology use, scrapping, recycling and utilization of power batteries, and monitor the fulfillment of recycling
responsibility of each link entity.
确定京津冀地区、山西省、上海市、江苏省、浙江省、安徽省、江西省、河南省、湖北省、湖南省、广东省、广
关于做好新能源汽车动力蓄电池回收利用试点工作的 工信部等七部委
西壮族自治区、四川省、甘肃省、青海省、宁波市、厦门市及中国铁塔股份有限公司为试点地区和企业。
通知 Ministry of Industry
Determine Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, Shanxi Province, Shanghai, Jiangsu Province, Zhejiang Province,
21 Notice on Doing a Pilot Work on Recycling 2018.7.23 and Information
Anhui Province, Jiangxi Province, Henan Province, Hubei Province, Hunan Province, Guangdong
and Utilization of New Energy Vehicle Power Technology and
Province, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Sichuan Province, Gansu Province, Qinghai Province,
Battery other 6 ministries
Ningbo City, Xiamen City and China Tower Co., Ltd. are pilot areas and enterprises.
鼓励类：
十九、轻工
17、锂离子电池用三元和多元、磷酸铁锂等正极材料；废旧铅蓄电池、锂离子电池资源化无害化回收
三十八、环境保护与资源节约综合利用
29、废旧木材、废旧电器电子产品、废印刷电路板、废旧电池、废旧船舶、废旧农机、废塑料、废（碎）玻璃、
发改委 废橡胶、废弃油脂等废旧物资等资源循环再利用技术、设备开发及应用
产业结构调整指导目录（2019年本，征求意见稿） National Encouring:
22 Guidance list of industrial structure 2019.04.12 Development and Nineteen. Light industry
adjustment (2019, draft for comments) Reform 17. Lithium-ion battery with ternary and multi-component, lithium iron phosphate and other positive
Commission electrode materials; waste lead storage battery, lithium-ion battery resource-based harmless recycling
Thirty eight. Comprehensive utilization of environmental protection and resource conservation
29. Recycling technology, equipment development and application of waste wood, waste electrical and
electronic products, waste printed circuit boards, used batteries, used ships, waste agricultural
machinery, waste plastics, waste (broken) glass, waste rubber, waste oil and other waste materials and
other resources
 Terima kasih

PT. Indonesia Puqing Recycling Technology