ADAMSON UNIVERSITY

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

EXPERIMENT # 4

FALLING HEAD ORIFICE

SUBMITTED BY:

BIG BROWN COCONUT (BBC)

DATE SUBMITTED:

10/8/19
I. INTRODUCTION

An orifice may be defined as an opening provided in the side or bottom of a

tank, for the purpose of discharging the liquid contained in the tank. It should be
noted that the opening will be considered as an orifice only when the liquid surface
in the tank is above the upper edge of the opening. Orifices may be classified based
on their size, shape, sharpness and discharge conditions.

An orifice may be sharp edged or bell mouthed depending on the shape of

the entrance edge. In the case of a sharp edged orifice the inner edge (i.e., at
entrance) is made sharp and is tapered to a slightly larger diameter at the outer
edge. The liquid discharged through the orifice will touch only the sharp edge at
entrance.

Consider a tank of uniform sectional area A provided with an orifice of area

a at the bottom. Let the head of water over the orifice fall from a value H1 to a
value, H2 in an interval of time T seconds.

Let at any instant the head of water over the orifice be h. Let the water level
fall by dh in an interval of dt seconds.
II. OBJECTIVE

 To determine and describe the behavior of fluids using an orifice.

III. APPARATUS

Fig. 1: Orifice and Weir apparatus Fig. 2: Steel tape Fig. 3: Timer

Fig. 4: Digital Caliper

IV. PROCEDURE

1. Prepare the orifice and weir apparatus for the experiment.

2) Empty the orifice from the inside if the head is not zero.

3) Using a chalk, mark the tube in order to take note of the falling head later in the
experiment.
4) Measure the dimensions of the tank and the diameter of the orifice using a steel
tape and digital caliper, respectively. Note: Calibrate the digital caliper first and
take 3-5 trials to measure the diameter for a more accurate result.

5) Start the motor and turn the control valve to regulate the flow of water.

6) Turn off after the head reaches the maximum reading.

7) Start the timer when the water reaches 40 and then stop after reaching 35. Wait
for the water to reach 30 before proceeding with the next trial for a more accurate
timing. Note: Scoop out water manually to obtain the desired head faster.

8) Repeat step 5 with the desired head for the remaining trials.

V. ILLUSTRATIONS

Fig. 5: Measuring the dimensions. Fig. 6: Turing on the motor.

Fig. 7: Marking the height with chalk. Fig. 8: Measuring the diameter using
digital Caliper
VI. DATA/TABLE

Table 1.0 Data Table for Falling Head Orifice

Trial H1 H2 Actual time C

VII. COMPUTATION

VIII. CONCLUSION
IX. RECOMMENDATION
VII. COMPUTATION
VIII. CONCLUSION

IX. RECOMMENDATION