Extended End-fire array:

The problem with end fire array is that the directivity is very less for this problem Hansen and
Wood yard come out with a solution that is

𝝅
𝜹 = −𝒅𝒓 − -------------- (1)
𝒏

which increases the directivity of end fire array.

The maximum radiation is only in one direction in extended end fire array. Directivity of the
end-fire array is enhanced by using eq.(1) and phase difference is given by-

𝝅
𝝋 = −𝒅𝒓 𝐜𝐨𝐬(𝚽) − 𝒅𝒓 −
𝒏

Here, we find the bandwidth between first null (BWFN) is given as twice the first null

i.e. BWFN = 2*ϕhp

The directivity is inversely proportional to BWFN, such that by calculating the BWFN for both
end-fire and extended end-fire array is compared.

BWFN of end-fire array > BWFN of extended end-fire array

D (extended end-fire array) > D (end-fire array)

Code:
To find the directivity of ordinary and extended end fire array:
clc;
clear all;
close all;
n=input('Enter the number of antennas:');
deg=input('Enter the angle in which electric field is maximum:');
deg1=deg*pi/180;
freq=1;
lambda=3e8/freq;
d=lambda/2;
dr=2*pi*d/lambda;
%%%%%%%%%%%Extended end fire array%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
k_ex=0;
phi_ex=acos(1+(pi/(n*dr))+(2*k_ex*pi/(n*dr)));
HPBW_ex=abs(phi_ex*180/pi);
Directivity_of_extended_end_fire_array=(41253)/(HPBW_ex*HPBW_ex)
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%End fire array%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
k=1;
phi=acos(1+(2*k*pi/(n*dr)));
HPBW=abs(phi*180/pi);
Directivity_of_ordinary_end_fire_array=(41253)/(HPBW*HPBW)

To plot the Radiation Pattern of ordinary and extended end fire array:
clc;
clear all;
close all;
N=input('Enter the number of antennas:');
deg=input('Enter the angle in which electric field is maximum:');
deg1=deg*pi/180;
freq=1;
lambda=3e8/freq;
d=lambda/2;
dr=2*pi*d/lambda;
%%%%%%%Extended End Fire Array%%%%%%%%%%%
phi1=0:0.01:2*pi;
delta1=-dr-(pi/N);
sci1=dr*cos(phi1)+delta1;
num1=sin(N*sci1/2);
den1=sin(sci1/2);
E1=num1./den1;
E1=abs(E1);
subplot(2,1,1)
polar(phi1,E1);
title('Radiation pattern of Extended End fire array for d=lambda/2')
%%%%%%%%%%%% Ordinary End Fire Array%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
phi2=0:0.01:2*pi;
delta2=-dr;
sci2=dr*cos(phi2)+delta2;
num2=sin(N*sci2/2);
den2=sin(sci2/2);
E2=num2./den2;
E2=abs(E2);
subplot(2,1,2)
polar(phi2,E2);
title('Radiation pattern of End fire array for d=lambda/2')

Results:
Directivity:
Radiation Pattern: