Drug name Indication Dosage Mechanism of Adverse reactions Contraindications Nursing implications

action
Generic name: IV: Adjunct in the 250mg IV q 6 Increase osmotic  Dizziness  Hypersensitivity  Assess patient’s condition before
Mannitol treatment of pressure of
increased glomerular filtrate  Headache  Severe renal therapy and regularly thereafter
Brand name: intracranial which inhibits  Convulsions disease to monitor drug effectiveness
Osmitrol, pressure. tubular re-
Resectisol absorption of  Blurred vision  Severe  Assess for possible drug induced
water and  Diuresis dehydration adverse reactions.
Classification: electrolytes and
Therapeutic: increases urinary  Dry mouth  Pulmonary  Assess patient for possible drug
diuretics output  Loss of congestion induced adverse reactions.

Pregnancy hearing  Teach patient to recognize and

category C immediately report adverse
reactions
 Asses patient’s and family’s
knowledge of drug therapy
 Drug name Indication Dosage Mechanism of Adverse reactions Contraindications Nursing implications
action
Generic name:  Used in 50mg IV q 8 Inhibits  Bradycardia  Hypersensitivity  Use caution in presence of renal
Ranitidine histamine at H2
management
receptor site  Headache  History of acute or hepatic impairment.
Brand name: of  Fatigue porphyria  Assess for potential for
Zantac
gastrointestina  Depression Long-term therapy interactions with other
Classification: l (GI)  Rashes pharmacological agents patient
Gastrointestinal / disorders.  Constipation may be taking.
hepatobiliray  Prophylaxis of  Evaluate results of laboratory
Drugs” H2 GI tests, therapeutic effectiveness.
Receptor hemorrhage
Antagonists” from stress
ulceration and

Pregnancy in patients at
category C risk of
developing
acid aspiration
during general
anesthesia.
 Drug name Indication Dosage Mechanism of Adverse reactions Contraindications Nursing implications
action
Generic name:  Skin and skin 2g IV OD Ceftriaxone  rash, Rocephin is  Assess for infection at the
Ceftriaxone works by inhibiting diarrhea,
structure contraindicated beginning of and throughout
the mucopeptide  nausea,
Brand name: infections synthesis in the  vomiting, in patients with therapy.
Rocephin bacterial cell wall.  upset stomach,
 Meningitis The beta-lactam  blood clots,
known allergy  Before initiating therapy, obtain
Classification:  Surgical moiety of  dizziness, to the history to determine previous
Ceftriaxone binds  headache,
Anti-infectives prophylaxis cephalosporin use of and reactions to
to  pain or swelling in
Antagonists”  carboxypeptidases, your tongue, class of penicillin’s or cephalosporin’s.
endopeptidases,  a lump where the
antibiotics. Persons with negative history of
and medicine was
transpeptidases in injected, penicillin sensitivity may still
Pregnancy
the bacterial  sweating,
category B have an allergic response.
cytoplasmic  vaginal
membrane. These itching or discharg  Observe patient for sx and sy of
enzymes are e,
involved in cell-wall vaginal yeast anaphylaxis. Discontinue drug
synthesis and cell infection, and notify physician immediately
division. By binding  anemia,
to these enzymes, changes in taste, if these symptoms occur. Keep
Ceftriaxone results or epinephrine, an antihistamine,
in the formation of flushing.
of defective cell and resuscitation equipment
walls and cell close by in the event of an
death.
anaphylactic reaction.
 Drug name Indication Dosage Mechanism of action Adverse Contraindications Nursing implications
reactions
Generic name:  Azithromycin 500mg/tab OD  Diarrhea  Hypersensitivity  Assess patient for
Azithromycin In order to replicate, bacteria loose stools
is indicated  Hepatic infection at beginning
require a specific process of Blistering,
Brand name: for the protein synthesis, enabled by crusting, dysfunction of and throughout the
Zithromax, ribosomal proteins. irritation,
treatment of  Renal impairment therapy.
Zmax Azithromycin binds to the itching, or
patients with 23S rRNA of the bacterial reddening of the  Obtain for culture and
Classification: 50S ribosomal subunit. It skin
mild to stops bacterial protein  cracked, dry, or sensitivity before
Anti-infectives
moderate synthesis by inhibiting the scaly skin initiating therapy.
transpeptidation/translocation  fever
infections
step of protein synthesis and swelling  Observe for sx and sy
Pregnancy caused by by inhibiting the assembly of of anaphylaxis. Notify
category B the 50S ribosomal subunit .
susceptible physician immediately
This results in the control of
strains of the various bacterial infections. if these occur.
The strong affinity of
microorganis macrolides, including
ms azithromycin, for bacterial
ribosomes, is consistent with
their broad‐spectrum
antibacterial activities
 Drug name Indication Dosage Mechanism of action Adverse reactions Contraindications Nursing implications
Generic name: To relieve mild to 250mg q 6 Paracetamol may cause Hematologic: Hypersensitivity to >Assess patient’s fever or
Paracetamol moderate pain analgesia by inhibiting CNS hemolytic anemia, acetaminophen or pain: type of pain, location,
due to things prostaglandin synthesis. The leukopenia, phenacetin; use with intensity, duration,
Brand name: such as mechanism of morphine is neutropenia, alcohol temperature, and
Biogesic headache, believed to involve pancytopenia, diaphoresis.
muscle and joint decreased permeability of thrombocytopenia.
Classification: pain, backache the cell membrane to Hepatic: >Assess allergic reactions:
and period pains. sodium, which results in liver damage, rash, urticaria; if these
Analgesic (non-
It is also used to diminished transmission of jaundice occur, drug may have to
opioid) bring down a pain impulses therefore Metabolic: be discontinued.
high analgesia. hypoglycemia
Antipyretic
temperature. For Skin: rash, >Teach patient to
this reason, urticuria recognize signs of chronic
paracetamol can overdose: bleeding,
Pregnancy be given to bruising, malaise, fever,
category B children after sore throat.
vaccinations to
prevent post- >Tell patient to notify
immunization prescriber for pain/ fever
pyrexia (high lasting for more than 3
temperature). days.
Paracetamol is
often included in
cough, cold and
flu remedies
 Drug name Indication
Generic name: Short-term treatment of 40mg OD
Omeprazole activeduodenal ulcer; First-
linetherapy in treatment
Brand name: of heartburn or symptoms
Prilosec of gastroesophageal
refluxdisease (GERD);
Classification: Short-termtreatment of
active benigngastric ulcer;
Anti ulcer
GERD, severeerosive
Proton pump esophagitis,
poorlyresponsive
inhibitors (PPI)
symptomatic GERD;Long-
term therapy: Treatmentof
pathologic
Pregnancy hypersecretoryconditions
category c (Zollinger-Ellisonsyndrome,
multiple
adenomas,systemic
mastocytosis);Eradication
of
H. pylori
With amoxicillin or
metronidazole.
Dosage Mechanism of action Adverse reactions Contraindications Nursing implications
Gastric acid-pump Contraindicated with
inhibitor: Suppresses Diarrhea, nausea, hypersensitivity to Caution patient to
gastric acid secretion by fatigue, omeprazoleor its swallow capsules
specific inhibition of the constipation, components;Use whole—not to open,
hydrogen-potassium vomiting, flatulence, cautiously with chew, or crush them.
ATP as enzyme system acid regurgitation, pregnancy,lactation. Arrange for further
at the secretory surface taste perversion, evaluation of patient after
of the gastric parietal arthralgia, myalgia, 8 weeks of therapy for
cells; blocks the final urticaria, dry mouth, gastro reflux disorders;
step of acid production. dizziness, not intended for
headache, maintenance therapy.
paraesthesia, Administer antacids with
abdominal pain, omeprazole, if needed.
skin rashes, Teaching points: Take
weakness, back the drug before meals.
pain, upper Swallow the capsules
respiratory whole; do not chew,
infection, cough. open, or crush them. This
drug will need to be taken
for up to 8wk (short-term
Potentially therapy) or for a
Fatal: Anaphylaxis. prolonged period(> 5 yr in
some cases).Have
regular medical follow-up
visits.
 Drug name Indication Dosage Mechanism of action Adverse reactions Contraindications Nursing implications
Generic name: For reduction of pocket Oral rinse Chlorhexidine's • Discuss specific use of drug
Chlorhexidine depth in patients with BID antimicrobial effects  white patches or Chlorhexidine and side effects with patient as it
gluconate adult periodontitis, are associated with sores inside your gluconate oral rinse relates to treatment. (HCAHPS:
used as an adjunct to the attractions mouth or on your should not be used During this hospital stay, were
Brand name: scaling and root between lips; by persons who are you given any medicine that you
Paroex, planing procedures. chlorhexidine (cation) known to be had not taken before? Before
Peridex Also for prevention of and negatively  mouth ulcers; or hypersensitive to giving you any new medicine,
dental caries, charged bacterial Chlorhexidine how often did hospital staff tell
Classification: oropharyngeal cells. After  swelling of your gluconate or other you what the medicine was for?
decontamination in chlorhexidine is salivary glands formula ingredients. How often did hospital staff
Anti ulcer
critically ill patients, absorpted onto the (underneath your describe possible side effects in
Proton pump hand hygiene in organism's cell wall, it jaws). a way you could understand?)
health-care personnel, disrupts the integrity • Patient may experience mouth
inhibitors (PPI)
general skin cleanser, of the cell membrane  mouth irritation; irritation; bad taste; or staining of
and catheter site and causes the mouth, teeth, or fillings. Have
preparation and care. leakage of  tooth staining; patient report immediately to
Pregnancy intracellular prescriber severe gingival pain
category B/C components of the  dry mouth; or edema or burning or tingling
organisms. in the mouth (HCAHPS).
• Educate patient about signs of
 unusual or
a significant reaction (eg,
unpleasant taste
wheezing; chest tightness; fever;
in your mouth; or
itching; bad cough; blue skin
color; seizures; or swelling of
 decreased taste
face, lips, tongue, or
sensation.
throat). Note: This is not a
comprehensive list of all side
effects. Patient should consult
prescriber for additional
questions.
 Drug name Indication Dosage Mechanism of action Adverse reactions Contraindications Nursing implications
Generic name:  For the 1 ampule x Vitamin K is an dizziness, transient  Hypersensitivity  IV use: Dilute with 0.9%
Vitamin K 3 doses q 8 essential cofactor for
treatment of hypotension after IV sodium chloride for
the gamma-
Brand name: haemorrhagic carboxylase enzymes administration, rapid and injection, D5W, or D5W in
Phytonadione which catalyze the
conditions in weak pulse, 0.9% sodium chloride for
posttranslational
Classification: infants, gamma-carboxylation diaphoresis, flushing, eryt injection. Give IV by slow
of glutamic acid
Vitamins antidote for hema, pain, swelling and infusion over 2 to 3 hours.
residues in inactive
Hematologic coumarin hepatic precursors of hematoma at injection Rate shouldn’t exceed 1
coagulation factors II
agents anticoagulants site. mg/minute in adults or 3
(prothrombin), VII, IX
in and X. Gamma- mg/m2/minute in children.
carboxylation
Pregnancy
hypoprothrombi
converts these  Effects of IV injection are
category C naemia. inactive precursors more rapid but shorter-
into active
coagulation factors lived than SC or IM
which are secreted injections.
by hepatocytes into
the blood.  Protect parenteral products
Supplementing with from light. Wrap infusion
Phylloquinone results
in a relief of vitamin K container with aluminum
deficiency symptoms foil.
which include easy
bruisability, epistaxis,  For IM administration in
gastrointestinal adults and older children,
bleeding,
menorrhagia and administer in upper outer
hematuria.
 quadrant of buttocks; for
infants, administer in the
anterolateral aspect of
thigh or deltoid region.
 Anticipate order of weekly
addition of 5 to 10 mg of
phytonadione to total
parenteral nutrition
solutions.
 Monitor PT to determine
dosage effectiveness as
ordered.
 If severe bleeding occurs,
don’t delay other
measures, such as fresh
frozen plasma or whole
blood.
 Alert: watch for signs of
flushing, weakness,
tachycardia and
hypotension; may progress
to shock.
  Be aware that
phytonodione therapy for
hemorrhagic disease in
infants causes fewer
adverse reactions than do
other vitamin K analogues.
 Failure to respond to
vitamin K may indicate
coagulation defects.

Drug name Indication Dosage Mechanism of action Adverse reactions Contraindications Nursing implications
Generic name: q8 Binds to beta2- ● Assess lung sounds, pulse,
Albuterol Salbutamol is indicated for ( adrenergic receptors in CNS: nervousness, Hypersensitivity to and BP before administration
the symptomatic relief and airway smooth muscle, restlessness, adrenergic amines. and during peak of
Brand name: prevention of leading to activation of tremor, headache, Use Cautiously in: medication. Note amount,
Salbutamol bronchospasm due to adenyl cyclase and insomnia (Pedi: Cardiac disease; color, and character of
bronchial asthma, chronic increased levels of occurs more Hypertension; sputum produced.
Classification: bronchitis, reversible cyclic-3, 5-adenosine frequently in young Hyperthyroidism;
obstructive airway disease, monophosphate (cAMP). children than Diabetes; Glaucoma; ● Monitor pulmonary function
Bronchodilators
and other chronic Increases in cAMP adults), hyperactivity Seizure disorders; tests before initiating therapy
Adrenergics bronchopulmonary activate kinases, which in children. Resp: Excess inhaler use and periodically during
may lead to tolerance
 disorders in which
bronchospasm is a
Pregnancy complicating factor, and/or
category c (ii) the acute prophylaxis
against exercise-induced
bronchospasm and other
stimuli known to induce
bronchospasm.
inhibit the PARADOXICAL and paradoxical therapy.
phosphorylation of BRONCHOSPASM bronchospasm;
myosin and decrease (excessive use of ● Observe for paradoxical
intracellular calcium. inhalers). CV:chest bronchospasm (wheezing). If
Decreased intracellular pain, palpitations, condition occurs, withhold
calcium relaxes smooth angina, arrhythmias, medication and notify health
muscle airways. hypertension. GI: care professional
Relaxation of airway nausea, vomiting. immediately
smooth muscle with Endo:
subsequent hyperglycemia. F ● Instruct patient to take
bronchodilation. and E: albuterol as directed. If on a
Relatively selective for hypokalemia.Neuro: scheduled dosing regimen,
beta2 (pulmonary) tremor. take missed dose as soon as
receptors. Therapeutic remembered, spacing
Effects: Bronchodilation. remaining doses at regular
intervals. Do not double
doses or increase the dose
or frequency of doses.
Caution patient not to
exceed recommended dose;
may cause adverse effects,
paradoxical bronchospasm
(more likely with first dose
from new canister), or loss of
effectiveness of medication..
 Drug name Indication Dosage Mechanism of action Adverse reactions Contraindications Nursing implications
Generic  Edema 40mg  Inhibits the  CNS: blurred vision, dizziness, Instruct patient to take furosemide as
name: due to reabsorption of Diarrhea, nausea, headache, vertigo directed. Take missed doses as soon
Furosemide heart sodium and fatigue,  EENT: hearing loss, tinnitus as possible; do not double doses.
failure, chloride from the constipation,  CV: hypotension o Caution patient to change
Brand name: hepatic loop of Henle vomiting,  GI: anorexia, constipation, positions slowly to minimize
Lasix impairme and distal renal flatulence, acid diarrhea, dry mouth, orthostatic hypotension.
nt, or tubule. regurgitation, taste dyspepsia, ↑ liver enzymes, Caution patient that the use of
Classification renal  Increases renal perversion, nausea, pancreatitis, vomiting alcohol, exercise during hot
disease. excretion of arthralgia, myalgia,  GU: ↑ BUN, excessive weather, or standing for long
: Diuretics
 Hyperten water, sodium, urticaria, dry urination, nephrocalcinosis periods during therapy may
sion. chloride, mouth, dizziness,  Derm: ERYTHEMA enhance orthostatic
magnesium, headache, MULTIFORME, STEVENS- hypotension.
Pregnancy potassium, and paraesthesia, JOHNSON o Instruct patient to consult
category c calcium. abdominal pain, SYNDROME, TOXIC health care professional
 Effectiveness skin rashes, EPIDERMAL NECROLYSIS, regarding a diet high in
persists in weakness, back photosensitivity, pruritis, rash, potassium (see food sources
impaired renal pain, upper urticaria for specific nutrients).
function. respiratory  Endo: hypercholesterolemia, o Advise patient to contact
Therapeutic infection, cough. hyperglycemia, health care professional if
Effect(s): hypertriglyceridemia, weight gain more than 3 lbs in
 Diuresis and hyperuricemia 1 day.
subsequent Potentially  F and o Instruct patient to notify health
mobilization of Fatal: Anaphylaxis. E: dehydration, hypocalcemia, care professional of all Rx or
excess fluid hypochloremia, hypokalemia, OTC medications, vitamins, or
(edema, pleural hypomagnesemia, hyponatrem herbal products being taken
effusions). ia, hypovolemia, metabolic and to consult health care
 Decreased BP. alkalosis professional before taking any
 Hemat: APLASTIC OTC medications
ANEMIA, AGRANULOCYTOSI concurrently with this therapy.
 S, hemolytic anemia,
leukopenia, thrombocytopenia
 MS: muscle cramps
 Neuro: paresthesia
 Misc: fever
o Instruct patient to notify health
care professional of
medication regimen before
treatment or surgery.
o Caution patient to use
sunscreen and protective
clothing to prevent
photosensitivity reactions.
o Advise patient to contact
health care professional
immediately if rash, muscle
weakness, cramps, nausea,
dizziness, numbness, or
tingling of extremities occurs.
o Advise diabetic patients to
monitor blood glucose closely;
may cause increased blood
glucose levels.
o Emphasize the importance of
routine follow-up
examinations.
 Drug name Indication Dosage Mechanism of action Adverse reactions Contraindications Nursing implications
Generic name: Oral calcium 600mg / Calcium is essential stomatitis, nause ● Calcium Supplement/Replacement:
Calcium gluconate salts are used as tab with for the functional a,  sarcoidosis Observe patient closely for symptoms
dietary H20 OD in integrity of the vomiting, fever, rh of hypocalcemia (paresthesia,
Brand name: supplemental am nervous, muscular, inorrhea,  increased activity of muscle twitching, laryngospasm,
Kalcinate therapy for and skeletal drowsiness, the parathyroid colic, cardiac arrhythmias,
person who may systems. It plays a clamminess, ches gland Chvostek’s or Trousseau’s sign).
Classification: not get enough role in normal t tightness and Notify physician or other health care
mineral and calcium in their cardiac function, bronchoconstricti  a high amount of professional if these occur. Protect
electrolyte regular diet. renal function, on. Clinically calcium in urine symptomatic patients by elevating
replacements/supple Calcium respiration, blood overt and padding siderails and keeping
 high amount of
ments gluconate is coagulation, and cell acetylcysteine bed in low position.
calcium in the blood
used as a membrane and induced
Pregnancy category cardioprotective capillary bronchospasm  dehydration ● Monitor BP, pulse, and ECG
B agent in high permeability. Also, occurs frequently throughout parenteral
blood potassium. calcium helps to infrequently and  constipation therapy. May cause vasodilation with
Calcium regulate the release unpredictably resulting hypotension, bradycardia,
gluconate is the and storage of even in patients  kidney stones arrhythmias, and cardiac arrest.
antidote for neurotransmitters with asthmatic br Transient increases in BP may occur
magnesium and hormones, the onchitis or  kidney disease with during IV administration, especially in
sulfate toxicity. uptake and binding bronchitis reduction in kidney geriatric patients or in patients with
of amino acids, complicating function hypertension.
absorption of vitamin bronchial asthma.
B 12, and gastrin ● Monitor patient on digitalis
secretion. glycosides for signs of toxicity
 Drug name Indication Dosage Mechanism of action Adverse reactions Contraindications Nursing implications
Generic name: Antidote for the 600mg/tab Decreases the buildup of Contraindicated ● Antidote in Acetaminophen
Acetylcysteine management of potentially OD in am a hepatotoxic metabolite CNS: drowsiness. with Overdose: Assess type,
hepatotoxic overdose of in acetaminophen CV: vasodilation, hypersensitivity to amount, and time of
Brand name: N- acetaminophen (administer overdosage. tachycardia, omeprazoleor its acetaminophen ingestion.
acetylcysteine, within 8– 10 hours [IV] or hypotension. EENT: components;Use Assess plasma
NAC, 24 hours [PO] of rhinorrhea. Resp: cautiously with acetaminophen levels. Initial
Acetadote, ingestion). Inhaln: bronchospasm, pregnancy,lactation. levels are drawn at least 4 hr
Mucomyst Mucolytic in the bronchial/tracheal after ingestion of
management of conditions irritation, chest acetaminophen. Plasma level
associated with thick viscid tightness,qsecretions. determinations may be
Classification: mucous secretions. GI: nausea, vomiting, difficult to interpret following
Unlabeled Use: Prevention stomatitis. Derm: ingestion of extended-release
antidotes,
of radiocontrast-induced rash, clamminess, preparations. Do not wait for
mucolytic renal dysfunction (oral). pruritus, urticaria. results to administer dose.
Misc: allergic
reactions (primarily
with IV), including ● Assess patient for nausea,
Pregnancy
ANAPHYLAXIS, vomiting, and urticaria. Notify
category B
ANGIOEDEMA, health care professional if
chills, fever these occur.

● Mucolytic: Assess
respiratory function (lung
sounds, dyspnea) and color,
amount, and consistency of
secretions before and
immediately following
treatment to determine
effectiveness of therapy