P-ISSN: Jurnal Pendidikan Fisika Indonesia xx (x)

1693-1246 (20xx) x-x

E-ISSN: DOI: xx.xxxxx/jpfi.xxxxx.xxxx http://journal.unnes.ac.id/nju/index.php/jpfi
2355-3812
mm 20XX

SALTWATER BECOME CLEAN ENERGY FOR ALTERNATIVE ELECTRIC CURRENT

AIR GARAM MENJADI ENERGI BERSIH SEBAGAI ALTERNATIF SUMBER LISTRIK

Dwi Indah P, Wafirotul Fitriyah, Yudhistira Wisnu B

1
Physics Education Program
Faculty of Mathematics and Science
Universitas Negeri Semarang
Dwiindahpcn94@gmail.com

Abstract
The country of Indonesia is an archipelago country that has a vast nature, especially salt water. Indonesia
with the fourth most populous population in the world, and has the needs of each one of the electrical
energy needs.Saltwater can be one of the alternative energy , because the content of air salt (high
electrolyte) can generate electrical voltage and electric current which will then be processed into electrical
energy. The use of brine as a source of electricity can be a solution for the nation of Indonesia in
developing the country with environmentally friendly technology.

Abstrak
Negara Indonesia merupakan negara kepulauan yang memilih perairan yang sangat luas, khususnya air
garam. Indonesia dengan jumlah penduduk terpadat ke 4 di dunia, dan memiliki kebutuhan pribadi
masing-masing salah satunya kebutuhan akan energy listrik. Larutan garam bisa menjadi salah satu
sumber energy listrik alternative, karena kandungan air garam (elektrolit yang tinggi) bisa menghasilkan
suatu tegangan listrik dan arus listrik yang selanjutnya akan diolah menjadi energy listrik. Penggunaan air
garam sebagai sumber air listrik bisa menjadi solusi bagi bangsa Indonesia dalam membangun negeri
dengan teknologi berbasis ramah lingkungan.

© 2018 Jurusan Fisika FMIPA UNNES Semarang

Key words: saltwater, electric current, environmentally friendly

INTRODUCTION is the fresh drinking water. Many technologies are

We know that our earth covered with 70% of developed to use salt water for producing electrical
water and 30% of land. So water occupies more energy. The energy produced in this way is
space than land but 97% is the salt water and 3%
 Jurnal Pendidikan Fisika Indonesia 11 (1) (2015) 1-7
renewable energy source. Ex: salt water battery,
salt water generators etc.
Battery is a device that can generate
electrical energy with involves the transfer of
electrons through a conductive medium of two
electrode (anode and cathode) to produce electric
current and potential difference (Kartawidjaja et al.,
2008).
A solution that can conduct an electric current
is called an electrolyte solution. This solution gives
symptoms of a light-up or a gas bubble in solution.
While the electrolyte can be grouped into strong
electrolyte and electrolyte solutions.
(Sunanto.2016). An object is positively charged if it
loses electrons and is negatively charged if the
object is an excess of electrons. In the different
circumstances of this charge the emergence of
potential energy that lies between them. (David,
2014).
The electrical conductivity shows the level
of fluid capability in conducting electricity
associated with the movement of ions in the
solution, the mobile ions have great electrical
conductivity. According to Marince (2006), the
electrical conductivity of the solution is influenced
by the number of ions, ion mobility,oxidation and
temperature levels.
The electrolyte consists of a liquid
electrolyte and a solid electrolyte. Type of liquid
electrolyte has disadvantages that are vulnerable
to leakage and flammability, while electrolyte in
solid form tends to be safer, easy to use, free from
leaks and can be made with smaller dimensions.
Electrolytes can be in the form of water, acids,
bases or in the form of chemical compounds. Bio-
battery use electrolytes of citric acid which are
widely contained in citrus fruits (Riyanto, 2011).
The effective use of electricity from
renewable sources requires large-scale stationary
electrical energy storage (EES) systems with
rechargeable high-energy-density, low-cost
batteries. We report a rechargeable saltwater
battery using NaCl (aq.) as the energy source
(catholyte). The battery is operated by
evolution/reduction reactions of gases (mostly O2,
with possible Cl2) in saltwater at the cathode, along
with reduction/oxidation reactions of Na/Na+ at the
anode.
2
Saltwater activated batteries are an
inefficient and expensive power source and ghave
litte use in conventional power applications. This
type of battery was extensively used in World War
II in a deception system for pursued
submarines.The current does not depend strongly
on the concentration of salt, despite the increased
conductivity
for stronger salt solutions. The conductivity of
saltwater is at a maximum for a 12% solution by
weight.
The primary benefits provided by the
Emergency Saltwater Filtration System includes,
but not limited to, providing an unlimited fresh
water supply while in a small boats. The
Emergency Saltwater Filtration is compact, simple
to use and discreet It can be installed onto any
small boat.
METHOD
In this practicum we used method based
on observation. So our method was doing
experiment and then doing observation. In this
experiment, the independent variables are salt and
salt mass. So we will do 3 types of data
comparison with the data obtained is quantitative.
The data we will get is a value of voltage and
strong current of salt solution.
For the process of data collection is done
by testing salt solution as much as 6 variations of
mass for each type of salt. First, the salt is
dissolved with 100 ml of water, stir the salt until
dissolved, then put the test tester ie nails as
cathode and copper coins as anodhe. Insert nails
and coins that have been first in the clasp with
crocodile clamps into the salt solution. Then plug
the other end of the crocodile clamp into a
multimeter to calculate the magnitude of the
voltage and current strength
RESULT AND DISCUSSION
Result from this practicum in the form of
quantity data. In this practicum we use three
variation objects, that is variation of salt. We used
three kind, that is Salt "Thumbs Up", Salt "Leaves",
and Krosok. We tested the electric and current
voltages present in the saline solution for each of
 Jurnal Pendidikan Fisika Indonesia 11 (1) (2015) 1-7

our solutions using 100 ml water and six variation

mass of the salt, and then we obtained the data.
a. Garam “ Jempol”
No Mass of Volume Volt Ampere
the salt of water (mA)
(gr) (ml)

1 10 100 0,24 0,07

2 20 100 0,17 0,05

3 30 100 0,17 0,04

2. Amperemeter (mA) , Scale = 20
4 40 100 0,26 0,09

5 50 100 0,2 0,08

b. Garam “ Daun”
No Mass of Volume Volt Ampere
the salt of water (mA)
(gr) (ml)

1 10 100 0,25 0,06

2 20 100 0,24 0,05 Based on the data, we can see that each
kind of salt has different Volt and ampere m. this is
3 30 100 0,25 0,07
usually influenced by the content or other factor
4 40 100 0,28 0,1 factors. First, the data analysis of Voltage value,
based on the three data, each salt get an unstable
5 50 100 0,23 0,06
voltage value that is up and down. The existence
of the comparison of voltage values is influenced
c. Krosok by several factors namely increased salt mass and
No Mass of Volume Volt Ampere the condition of the tool is not used with the tub
the salt of water (mA) and the salt solubility rate. Solubility of salt strongly
(gr) (ml) influences the value of the solution stress. Based
on the practicum, the salt solution will eat higher
1 10 100 0,38 0,06 even though it has the same mass. Similarly, the
2 20 100 0,22 0,09 strong value of electric currents, the bias
compared to the strong value of the current of
3 30 100 0,22 0,05 each type of salt is very small. This proves the
type of salt does not give a big influence on the
4 40 100 - -
strong current of the salt solution
5 50 100 - -
CONCLUSION

Graphic of the data Salt can be an alternative source of

1. Electric Voltage volt), Scale = 20 electricity, we can utilize salt solution in the
fulfillment of electricity sources in daily life. For the
use of saline solution as a power source we must
3
 Jurnal Pendidikan Fisika Indonesia 11 (1) (2015) 1-7

first determine the salt soluble having a very high

salt concentration. Because the high concentration
means high levels of saltiness, and will certainly
affect the value of voltage and obstacles.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
on this occasion I would like to thank the parties
who have helped make this experiment a success.
first I want to thank my group's partners, Wafirotul
Fitriyah and Yudhistira wisnu for having worked
hard and never give up and working on this
experiment, secondly I would like to thank our
basic physics lecturer Miss elliana wati and mr
budi naini who has guided us, third to miss
laboratory miss yuniar, miss astusi, and miss
shintya

REFERENCES
Ramakanth, S., “Cheaper Electrodes Having
Higher Efficiency Using Salt Water and Salt
Vinegar Electrolytes”, 2012, IJIRD, Vol 1 Issue 8
Susanto, Adi. Performance of Zn-Cu and Al-Cu
Electrodes in Seawater Battery at Different
Distance and Surface Area.2017 . IJRER. Vol 7.
No 01
Park, Sangmin. Saltwater as the energy source for
low-cost, safe rechargeable batteries. 2016
Chasteen,Stephanie V. The Salty Science of the
Aluminum-Air Battery. 2008. THE PHYSICS
TEACHER. Vol 46
Lloyd Lowndes Friend, Jr. Saltwater Battery.
1964. No. 381,222 1 Claim.
Kartawidjaja,M.,Abdurrocman,A.,danRumeksa,
E.2011.PencarianParameterBio-Baterai Asam
Sitrat (C6H8O7).Prosiding Seminar Nasional
Sains dan Teknologi-II :105-115.
David. L, Reddy, T.B. 2002. Handbook Of Battery
3rd Edition. McGraw-Hill: New York
Riyanto, Bambang. 2011. Elektrolit Baterai dari
Polimer Chitosan. Retrieved from
http://bambangriyanto.staff.ipb.ac.id/category/a
plikasi-modern-chitosan
Westmoreland , Jerry. 2005 . Emergency saltwater
filtration system
Marince, R. 2006. Karakteriktik Fisik dan pH Sari
Wortel. Skripsi. Bogor : Institut Pertanian
Bogor.