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  • General Studies Constitutional Development

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    Rutul Patel
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    The document summarizes key acts and reforms that shaped the constitutional development of British India: - The Regulating Act of 1773 established the Governor-General of Bengal as the head of British India and set up the Supreme Court in Calcutta. - Subsequent charter acts in the late 18th and early 19th centuries gradually reduced the power of the British East India Company and increased direct British control over India. - The Government of India Act of 1858 ended Company rule and established direct control by the British Crown, with the Governor-General becoming the Viceroy of India. - Later acts in the 19th-early 20th century introduced more Indians into legislative councils and separated elections for Muslims

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    It is book on General Studies Constitutional Development. And it is very nice study material.

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    The document summarizes key acts and reforms that shaped the constitutional development of British India: - The Regulating Act of 1773 established the Governor-General of Bengal as the head of British India and set up the Supreme Court in Calcutta. - Subsequent charter acts in the late 18th and early 19th centuries gradually reduced the power of the British East India Company and increased direct British control over India. - The Government of India Act of 1858 ended Company rule and established direct control by the British Crown, with the Governor-General becoming the Viceroy of India. - Later acts in the 19th-early 20th century introduced more Indians into legislative councils and separated elections for Muslims

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    8 views2 pages

    General Studies Constitutional Development

    Uploaded by

    Rutul Patel
    The document summarizes key acts and reforms that shaped the constitutional development of British India: - The Regulating Act of 1773 established the Governor-General of Bengal as the head of British India and set up the Supreme Court in Calcutta. - Subsequent charter acts in the late 18th and early 19th centuries gradually reduced the power of the British East India Company and increased direct British control over India. - The Government of India Act of 1858 ended Company rule and established direct control by the British Crown, with the Governor-General becoming the Viceroy of India. - Later acts in the 19th-early 20th century introduced more Indians into legislative councils and separated elections for Muslims

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    of 2

    8/1/2018----Competitive Exams: Constitutional Development- Translation in Hindi, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Punjabi, Sindhi, Sindhi, Tamil, Telgu -

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    Competitive Exams: Constitutional Development


    Regulating Act, 1773
    End of Dual govt.

    Governor of Bengal to be the Governor-General of British territories of India.

    Establishment of Supreme Court in Calcutta.

    Pitts Act of 1784


    This Act gave the British Government a measure of control over the company's affairs. In
    fact, the company became a subordinate department of the State.

    Act of 1786
    Governor General given the power to over-ride the Council and was made the Commander-
    in-chief also.

    Charter Act of 1793


    Company given monopoly of trade for 20 more years.

    It laid the foundation of govt. By written laws, interpreted by courts.

    Charter Act of 1813


    Company deprived of its trade monopoly in India except in tea and trade with China.

    Charter Act of 1833


    End of Company's monopoly even in tea and trade with China. Company was asked to close
    its business at the earliest.

    Governor General of Bengal to be Governor General of India (1st Governor General of India
    was Lord William Bentinck).

    Charter Act of 1853


    The Act renewed the powers of the Company and allowed it to retain the possession of Indian
    territories in trust of the British crown.

    Recruitment to Civil Services was based on open annual competition examination (excluding
    Indians).

    1 of 2
    8/1/2018----Competitive Exams: Constitutional Development- Translation in Hindi, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Punjabi, Sindhi, Sindhi, Tamil, Telgu -
    Examrace----Downloaded from examrace.com

    Visit examrace.com for free study material, doorsteptutor.com for questions with detailed explanations, and "Examrace" YouTube channel for free
    videos lectures

    Government of India Act, 1858


    Rule of Company in India ended and that of the Crown began.

    A post of Secretary of State (a member of the British cabinet) for India created. He was to
    exercise the powers of the Crown.

    Secretary of State governed India through the Governor General.

    Governor General received the title of Viceroy. He represented Secretary of State and was
    assisted by an Executive Council, which consisted of high officials of the Govt.

    Indian Council Act, 1861


    The Executive Council was now to be called Central Legislative Council.

    Indian Council Act, 1892


    Indians found their way in the Provincial Legislative Councils.

    Indian Council Act, 1909 or Morley-Minto Act


    It envisaged a separate electorate for Muslims.

    Government of India Act, 1919 or Montague-Chelmsford Reforms


    Dyarchy system introduced in the provinces. The Provincial subjects of administration were
    to be divided into 2 categories: Transferred and Reserved. The Transferred subjects were to
    be administrated by the Governor with the aid of ministers responsible to the Legislative
    Council. The Governor and the Executive Council were to administer the reserved subjects
    without any responsibility to the legislature.

    Indian legislature became bicameral for the first time, it actually happened after 1935 Act.

    Government of India Act, 1935


    Provided for the establishment of All-India Federation consisting of the British Provinces and
    the Princely States. The joining of Princely States was voluntary and as a result the federation
    did not come into existence.

    Dyarchy was introduced at the Centre (Eg, Department of Foreign Affairs and Defence were
    reserved for the Governor General). Provincial autonomy replaced Dyarchy in provinces.
    They were granted separate legal identify.

    Burma (now Myanmar) separated from India.

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