Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • Us 20170160429 A 1

    Uploaded by

    Firdaus Khusnutdinov
    2 views37 pages
    Us 20170160429 a 1

    Original Title

    Us 20170160429 a 1

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PDF or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    Report this Document
    Us 20170160429 a 1

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    2 views37 pages

    Us 20170160429 A 1

    Uploaded by

    Firdaus Khusnutdinov
    Us 20170160429 a 1

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    of 37
    US 20171 us) United States 2) Patent Application Publication co) Pub. No.: US 2017/0160429 A1 oy oy ~ an @ “ gOMECHANICAL Berard et al. DISPLACEMENT BOUNDARY CONDITIONS, Applicant Appl. No. Filed: Schlumberger Technology Corporation, Sopar Land, TX (US) Thomas Berard, Brocknell (GB); Peter Welsh, Abingdon (GB): Andrew Pearce. Abingdon (GB) (43) Pub. Date: Jun. 8, 2017 Publication Classification an (2006.01) (200501), (32) V 99/008 (2013.01); GO6F 170 (201301) on TRACT A method can include receiving a model of a geologic Framework Core 195, 1496no4s ewvironment imposing displacement boundary conditions fo atleast one bounary ofthe model and solving for slim stress forthe model subject othe displacement Dee. 4, 2015 ‘boundary contitons System 100 Management Components 110 | ——_‘Framewerk 170 1 Domain 1 Objects Seismic Other Data Information [| Modules 17 a2 12 ie ' = cones ove Processing HBF ory 1 Model 1 Simuion 180 Entiies || simulation || atviote | 1 Rendering i wa |] | 128 1 1 1 User 1 Interfaces = omer | | 138 viumtzsbon} | witow | | 1 1 1 Geologic Environment 150 (©. sensing dling. cing extacing. ec) gp & AX Patent Application Publication Jun. 8, 2017 Sheet 1 of 19 System 100 Management Components 110, Seismic Other Data Information 112 114 Processing 116 |— Entities [| simulation | Attibute 22 120 130 Framework 170 Modules 475 Model Simulation 180) Geologic Environment 150 (©, sensing, ing iniestng, extracting, te) gg a 9) Framework Core 195 US 2017/0160429 AI Domain Objects Fils a BS Rendering 186 User Interfaces 188 Patent Application Publication Jun. 8, 2017 Sheet 2 of 19 US 2017/0160429 Al Method 220 Data Acquisition 224 Model Geometry 228 ‘Computer(s) 254 Processor(s) 256 Memory 258 Fig. 2 Facies T2 Module(s) 270 Patent Application Publication Jun. 8, 2017 Sheet 3 of 19 US 2017/0160429 AI y a F ace F Thrust, ‘sf "> eS. ¥ Tectonic Normal Faulting 310 pitiocrn [\ Tex f Relative excl’, H 4 (local lengthening) eee ‘Strike Slip Faulting 320 i ‘Thrust / Reverse Faulting 330 1 traction Vv (local shortening) Fig. 4 US 2017/0160429 AI Jun. 8, 2017 Sheet 5 of 19 Patent Application Publication sBuyreo ‘syodes 61 yp Aue sBujneo ‘sisay e100 Aiojesoge! ‘eseqeied poyuouo ‘o6et ‘AydesBnens jeojueyoou ‘Aysuap ¥ing ‘sj pue dp swslueyoow auntie ((@) ey6ue voxsiy (Son) \qBueqs anisseidioo pauyuooun) siajowered yiGuads-yox sBuneo ‘5159} 2109 Auyesoge| ‘aseqele ‘Aysuop wna ‘sp pue dp Tra) one Su0ssIOg ‘{o) sninpow seaus ‘(3) sninpous s6uno4] siojowered oyse13 TepOU Ssaqjs al0q)aM soBew! ojoya1og (9) seq ejuozuoy wine, (e00] S189} UoHDeful ajer-days ‘DeyOr9IUI'S}6} JOYE] papuayra ‘sisa} yoxea| ‘det joo} ssoms oujoum “(@q) Avoojen sea4s 1008 pue dp (yo) ssags jejuozuoy wnuluIW, eiep ousies CE ‘sdew eanjonas ‘FdaHOSiUe KDOOR ‘suadyeo uve! 1 PaIUeUO uogoeup sseng ‘sBuyng ‘Aysuop ying TO) SSanS UapingiEnG ‘syoder BumUP Alep +380) AuBoqur-uogewuo, ‘eyep 2tuisias wow AyDOI@A jenayUL ‘Ayngsisau ‘Kenuns yous-yo9y9 ‘dy ainssaid a0 ‘AydeiByeqs eouanbas | (dq) Ad0jan jeuo\ssaidwioo 1uos ‘sBuneo ‘sBuyyno | _‘AyAys|s0u ‘Kysuep ‘hes ewWED AydesByens jeaueyoon 5011108 18M) S60] S0in0S Pawjoud MuadOlet Patent Application Publication Jun. 8, 2017 Sheet 6 of 19 US 2017/0160429 AI Intermediate Sheared Joints, Fold Faults Incipient Faults ‘Throughgoing Fault Zones Flanks. Shoulders | Crest Flanks Fault Mechanism . Lom gs Sip Planes n roby Orebuacen US 2017/0160429 AI Jun. 8, 2017 Sheet 7 of 19 Patent Application Publication 2 64 “ag ‘sesseng ‘sujeng ‘swaweceydsig 4007 souaBianuog Luojeuen Asoo TET vowing jeoweysowoa ‘jepdn sopadoig suoqeven uojeinjes pue “eameredue, ‘ainssales Jang Woy Tr vogeinuig siosasey ‘ToL aways Patent Application Publication Method 810. Jun. 8, 2017 Sheet 8 of 19 Receive Seismic Data 814 ——>| Pressure Model Pore 834 Build Model (e.g., Macro) 818 Initialize Model 838 Commence Receive Data ‘Simulation 22 (eg.,t= 0) 842 Output Build 1D MEM 3D MEM 826 Results 848 Continue Build 30 MEM ‘Simulation 830 (eg. t=) 850 US 2017/0160429 AI Boundary Conditions. 840 Patent Application Publication Jun. 8, 2017 Sheet 9 of 19 US 2017/0160429 AI Boundary Conditions $10, Patent Application Publication Jun. 8, 2017 Sheet 10 of 19 US 2017/0160429 A1 Daacorent ‘ott 1012 1013 a — SranFuneion _Corsant Geadent Eh EH 104 faim Funaion [Constant —_}— 1018 Ehcaznuth [Huse existing Cose [FilexYZ a 1016 (sea Fuid Surcharge 4777 Soa uid Pressure raint C1 overburden Surcharge [Surface W |[m] Equiv. Density Ly Gher 2— 1018 1018 Method 1050 Determine Displacements Formulate BCs 1056 Receive Values 1052 Patent Application Publication Jun. 8, 2017 Sheet 11 of 19 US 2017/0160429 AI Patent Application Publication Jun. 8, 2017 Sheet 12 of 19 US 2017/0160429 Al Ze Imin, Jmin corner (reference) yy } Imax, Jmax Imin, Jmax i ‘comer comer Fig. 12 Patent Application Publication Jun. 8, 2017 Sheet 13 of 19 US 2017/0160429 AI Reference Patent Application Publication Jun. 8, 2017 Sheet 14 of 19 US 2017/0160429 Al Fig. 14 Patent Application Publication Jun. 8, 2017 Sheet 15 of 19 US 2017/0160429 Al 1510 0.0008 —— —MawMin aan Horizontal Principal Sain / f 7? / / 1. Fig. 15 Patent Application Publication Jun. 8, 2017 Sheet 16 of 19 US 2017/0160429 A1 Initat Geometry Fig. 16 Patent Application Publication Jun. 8, 2017 Sheet 17 of 19 US 2017/0160429 Al Fig. 17 Patent Application Publication Jun. 8, 2017 Sheet 18 of 19 US 2017/0160429 Al Method 4 Fig. 18 Patent Application Publication Jun. 8, 2017 Sheet 19 of 19 US 2017/0160429 AI “ae Network System 1910 ‘Component(s) 19222 Fig. 19 US 2017/0160429 Al GEOMECHANICAL DISPLACEMENT BOUNDARY CONDITIONS, BACKGROUND [0001] A geologic formation can deform over time, for ‘example, responsive to gravity, ane or more operations, ete SUMMARY, 10002] In accordance with some embodiments, a method lnchides receiving # model of a geologic environment imposing displacement boundary conditions on at lesst one boundary of the model; aad solving for equilibrium sires forthe model subject to the displacement boundary condi 10003] In some embodiments, aa aspect of @ method inchides displacement boundary conditions that are based st Teast ia parton to steain vales and based atleast in part ‘on one avimauth value. 10003] In some embodiments, an aspect of @ method Includes displacement houndary conditions that are imposed ‘on at least one lateral boundary of a model that is betwee a bottom face and a top face of the model 10005] In some embodiments, aa aspect of @ method inchides displacement boundary conditions that include & tradieat displacement boundary condition 10006) In some embodiments, an aspect of a method Includes displacement boundary conditions that include & displacement function boundary condition, 10007} In some embodiments, an aspect of a method ‘includes model that includes cells defined by nodes, where least a portion of the nodes are boundary nodes and where horizontal displacements are assignel” as lisplacement boundary conditions to at leat some of the boundary nodes. 10003] In some embodimenss, an aspect of a method ‘includes « model that includes cells defined by nodes, where ‘atleast portion of the nodes are boundary nodes and where the displacement oundary conditions include borizatal sisplacements specified by at Teast one final surface as a solution destination for at least a portion of the boundary nodes where, for example, the model can include lateral ides and where the at least one final surface includes final surface for each of the lateral sides. 10009] In some embodiments, an aspect of @ method ‘includes displacement boundary conditions that specify at least one displacement value for horizontal displacement of at Jeast portion of at least one boundary of a model [0010] In some embodiments, an aspect of a method inchides displacement boundary conditions that specify amounts of displacement for at least some comers of 3 model [0011] In some embodiments, an aspect of a method lnchides a reference where displacement boundary condi- tions specify at least one displacement that is defined with respect the reference where, for example, the reference is 4 reference point that is fixed horizntally of reference point that is fixed horizontally and fixed vertically [0012] In some embodiments, an aspect of @ method Includes perfomning an inversion based atleast in part on measured data fo determine at least one displacement vale ‘and, for example, imposing atleast one of the atleast one displacement value as a displacement boundary condition value Jun. 8, 2017 [013] In some embodiments, an aspect of method jncludes a model that includes dimensions ina three- «dimensional coordinate system that include a depth dimen- sion substantially aligned with a direction of Earth's ravity [0014] In some embodiments, an aspect of a method includes displacement boundary condiions that are imposed horizontally [0015] In some embodiments, an aspect of a method Includes displacement boundary conditions include a fune- tion with respect to a depth dimension, 0016} In secordance with some embodiments, a system includes a procestor: memory operatively coupled to the processor; and instructions stored inthe memory and exoeu fable by the processor to instruct the system lo: receive @ ‘model of geologic environment, impose displacement boundary conditions on atleast one boundary oF the mode! and solve for eaulibsium stess for the model subject to the ‘isplacement boundary conditions 0017] In some embodiments, a system includes instruc- ‘ions stored in memory and execulable by @ procestor to instrct the system to determine one or more of displace- ‘ment boundary conditions based at least a parton wo sia values and based atleast in part on one azimuth value. [0018] Inaccordance with some embodiments one or more computerreedable storage media can inclade compute executable instnictions to instait a computing syste ‘where the instructions include instructions to: receive a model of @ geologic environment, impose displacement ‘boundary conditions on atleast one boundary ofthe model; ‘and solve for equilibrium stess for the model subject to the ‘isplaeement boundary conditions. [0019] In some embodiments instructions can include computerexceutable instinct system fo determine one oF n conditions based at least in part om two strain values and based at least in part on one azimuth valu. [0020] This summary is provided wo introduce a selection ‘of concepts that are further described below ia the detailed ‘description. This summary is not intended to identity key oF essential features of the claimed subject mater, nor is it intended to be used as an aid in imiting the scope of the claimed subject matter. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS [0021] Features and advantages of the described imple- ‘menations can be more readily understood by reference 10 the following description taken ia conjunction with the ‘accompanying drawings [0022] FIG. 1 ilusirutes un example system that includes various components for modeling & geologic environment and various equipment associated with the geologic em ronment [0023] FIG. 2 illustrates an example of a sedimentary basin, an example of a method, an example ofa formation, ‘an example of a borehole, an exansple of convention and aan example of a systems [024] FIG. 3 illustrates an example of a wetonie regime: [025] FIG. 4 illustrates an example of a model of & sleologic environment and associated information; [0026] FIG. 5 illustrates examples of information and ‘examples of sources of information, [0027] FIG. 6 illustrates examples of geologic environ- ‘meats; [o02s} PIG. 7 illustrates an example of a method; US 2017/0160429 Al 10029] FIG. 8 ilystrates an example of @ method! [0030] FIG. 9 illustrates an example of a method and ‘eximple plots of solutions with respect to diferent types of boundary conditions; [0031] "FIG. 10 ilustates an example of graphical usee interlace, examples of equations and an example of @ method: 10032] "FIG. 1 ilastrates example plots of a model of 2 eologie environment [0033] FIG. 12 illustates an example plot of a model of 2 eologie environment [0034) FIG. 13 illustates un example pot of a model of « _geologie environment and example scenarios: [0035] FIG. 14 ilustates un example of a model in a ‘Caresian coordinate system; 10036] FIG. 15 illustrates an example of a plot of stain associated with the model of FIG. M4; [0037] "FIG. 16 lostates-an example ofa plot of displace- ment with respect to the model of FIG. 14 [0038] FIG. 17 ilusiates an example ofa plot of displace- ment with respect to 8 portion of the model of FIG, 14 [0039] FIG. 18 illustrates an example of a method, ‘examples of conditions and an example of a modo; and [0040] FIG. 19 illustrates example components of a sys- tem and a networked system, DETAILED DESCRIPTION {0041} ‘The following description includes the best mode presently contemplated for practicing the deseribed imple- mmentations. This description is not o be taken in limiting sense, but ther is made merely for the purpose of deserib- ing the general principles ofthe implementations. The seope ‘of the described implementations should be ascertained with, reference Io the issued claims, [0042] As mentioned, & geotogie formation ean defonm ‘overtime. Deformation may elfet one or more field opera tions (eg. drilling casing, cementing, measuring, produc- tion, injection, et.) and may effect equipment deployed in a borehole or to be deployed in a borshole (eg., whother ‘eased, uncased, et) [0043] As an example, a geomechanical simulation of @ modeled geologic environment ean provide information germane Io how material in the geologic environment ‘deforms. Purther, where a geologie environment includes 3 reservoir, a reservoir simulation can provide information ‘germane to material deformation. For example, consider Simulating a reservoir where one or more wells inject hid jinto andor produce iid from the reservoir over some peviod of time. [004s] As an example, a geologic environment may include a plurality of reservoirs. In such an example, one oF more ofthe reservoirs may be modeled. As an example, 2 ‘geomechanical model may span at least a portion of first reservoir and at least a portion of a second reservoir. In such an example, movement of hid ofthe first reservoir andor movement of fluid of the second reservoir may be analyzed With respect to geomechanies. For example, production of ‘uid of the frst reservoir may result in compaction of reservoir mek of the fist reservoir that may affect rock ‘associated with the second reservoir. For example, the ‘overburden of he first reservoir may be affected in a manner that also has an effect on the second reservoir. AS an ‘example, «geomechanical model may fe coupled to 3 phurlity of reservoir models, In such an example, a geo Jun. 8, 2017 chanies modeling framework that models a geologic em ronmeat may be operatively coupled witha reservoir sod cling lramework or reservoir meeling frameworks Where ‘more than one reservoir may be modeled (eg. a8 being within the geologic environment), [0045] As an example, where multiple reservoirs exist wells may extend t each of the reservoirs. Asan example, deformation of a reservoir may have an impact on one oF ‘more other reservoirs ina geologic environment that includes multiple reservoirs. Asan example, eservois may be “stacked, for example, one reservoir may be ata fist depth (eg first depth range) and another reservoir may be ata sccond depth (eg, a second depth range). field {development plan may aim to develop reservoirs separately fndior in a coordinated manner, 0046] FIG. 1 shows an example of a system 100 shat includes various management componeats 110 10 manage various aspects of a geologic environment 180 (eg, an environment that includes a sedimentary basin, a reservoir ISI, one of more finctures 153, lc). For example, the ‘management components 110 may allow for dirvet or indi eet management of sensing, drilling, injecting, extracting, producing, ef, with respect to the peologic environmes 150. In tun, further information about the geologic env ronment 150 may become availabe as feeack 160 (e2., ‘optionally as input to one or more of the management ‘components 110), [0047] In the example of FIG. 1, the management com- ponents 110 include a seismic data component 112, an additional information component 114 (e-., welllogging data), a processing component 116, a simulation component 120, un attibute component 130, an analyss/visualizaion ‘component 142 aid a workflow component 144. In ope tion, seismic data and other information provided per the ‘components 112 and 114 may be input to the simulation ‘component 120. [0048] In an example embodiment, the simulation com- ponent 120 may rely on entities 122. Entities 122 may include earth entities, geological objects or other objects suchas wells, surfaces, reservoirs, tc Inthe system 100, the entities 122 can include vietal representations of actual Physical eats that are roconstructed for purposes of simulation, The entities 122 may include entities based on ata acquired Via sensing, observation te (eg. the seismic dala 112 and other information 114). An entity aay be characterized by one or more properties (ea geometrical rillar grid entity of an earth model may be characterized by 8 porosity property). Such properties may represent one oF ‘mote measurements (eg, aequired data), calculations, ete. [0049] In an example embodiment, the simulation com- poneat 120 may operate in conjunction with a software framework such as an object-based framework. In such a framework, entities may include entities based on pre- defined classes to facilitte modefing and simulation, A commercially available example of an object-based frame- ‘work is the MICROSOFT®™ NET" framework (Redmond, ‘Wash, which provides a set of extensible objest classes. la the .NET™ framework, an object class encapsulates a modlle of reusable code and sisceiated data structures (Object classes can be sed to instantiate object instances for use in by a program, script, etc. For example, borehole classes may define objects for representing boreholes based fn well data US 2017/0160429 Al 10080] In the example of FIG. 1, the simulation compo- rent 120 may process information to conform to one or more attributes specified by the atiibute component 130, whieh may’ include a library of altibutes. Such processing may ‘occur prior to input tothe simulation component 120 (@, ‘consider the processing composent 116). As an example, the simulation component 120 may perform operations on input {information based on one or more attributes specified by the tribute component 130. In an example embodiment, the mulation component 120 may construct one or more models of the geologic environment 150, which may be relied on to simulate behavior of the geologic environment 150 (eg, responsive to one or more acts, whether natural or ‘anificia). In the example of FIG. 1, tbe analysis'visualiza tion component 142 may allow for interaetion with a model ‘or model-based results (eg. simulation results, ef.) AS an ‘example, output from the simulation component 120 may be ‘input to one or more other Workllows, as indicated by a workflow component 144, [0081] Asan example, the simulation component 120 may include one or more features of a simulator such as the ECLIPSE® reservoir simulator (S. Houston Texas), the INTERSECT reservoir simulator (Schlumberger Limited, Houston Texas), ete. AS an ‘example, a reservoir of reservoirs may be sinvilted sith respect fo one oF more enhanced recovery techniques (€ 8. ‘considera thermal procest such as SAGD, ete.) 10052] In an example embodiment, the management com- ponents 110 may include Feaures of a commercially avail- able framework suchas the PETRELR seismic to simolation software framework (Schlumberger Limited, Houston, Tex.) The PETREL framework provides components that allow for optimization of exploration and development ‘operations. The PETRELR framework includes seismic t0 ‘simulation soflware components that can output information for use in inoreasing reservoir performance, for example, by Jmproving asset team productivity. Through use of such framework, various. professionals (@2, goophysicists, eologists, well engineers, reservoir engineers, ete.) can {develop collaborative workflows and integrate operations to processes, Such framework may be considered jon and may be considered a data-driven appli cation (eg, where data is input for purposes of modeling, simolating, et), 10053] nan example embodiment, varios aspects of the ‘management components I may include adons or phig- ins that operate according to specifications of a framework ‘environment, Por example, a commercially avilable Irame- ‘work environment marketed as the OCEANE. framework ‘environment (Schlumberger Limited, Houston, Tex.) allows, or integration of adeons (or phigins) into a PETRELR framework workllow, The OCEAN framework environ ment leverages .NET tools (Microsot Corporation, Red- ‘mond, Wash.) and offers stable, user-liendly interfaces for ‘eficieat development. In an example embodiment, various ‘components may be implemented as add-ons (or plug-ins) that conform to and operate according to specifications of @ framework environment (eg. according 1 application pro- ramming interface (API) specifications, te.) [0054] FIG. 1 also shows an example of a framework 170 that includes a model simulation layer 180 along with @ framework services layer 190, a framework core layer 198 and » modules layer 175. The framework 170 may inclide the commercially available OCEAN framework where the Jun. 8, 2017 pode! simulation layer 180 is the commercially available ETREL® model-centrc software package that hosts OCEAND framework applications. In an example embod reat, tbe PETRELE® software may be considered a da driven application. The PETRELR software can include a Tamework for model building and visualization. Such @ rmovlel may include one or more grids, [0055] ‘The model simulation layer 18 may provide ‘domain objects 182, aot as a data source 184, provide for rendering 186 and provide for various wser interfaces 188. Rendering. 186 may provide a graphical envionment in which applications can display their data while the user interfaces 188 may provide a common look and feel for application user interface components [0086] In the example of FIG. 1, the domain objects 182 an include entity objets, propery objects and optionally other objects. Entity objects may be used to zeometrically represent wells, surfaces, reservoirs, ete, while property ‘objects may be used to provide property values as well as data versions and display parameters, For example, an entity ‘object may represent a well wherea property objet provides Jog information as well as version information and display information (eg. to display the well as part of a mode), [0057] In the example of FIG. 1, data may be stored in one ‘or more datasources (or data stores, generally physical data storage devices), which may be at the same or different physical sites and accessible vi one or more networks. The ‘mextl simulation layer 180 may be configured t0 model projects. As such, a particular project may be stored where stored project information may include inputs, models, results and eases. Thus, upon completion of a modeling session, a user may store project. Ata later time, the project ean be accessed and restored using the model simulation layer 180, which can recreate instances of the relevant domain object [0058] In the example of FIG. 1, the geologic environment 180 may include layers (eg. stratification) that include a reservoir 151 and that may be intersected by a fault 153. As aan example, te geologic environment 150 may be outited ‘withany ofa variety of sensors, detectors, actuators, ete. Por ‘example, equipment 182 may inelude communication eit iy to receive and to transmit information with respect fone oF more networks 188, Soch information may inelude information associated with dowahole equipment 184 nay be equipment to acquire information, to assist with resource recover ele. Other equipment 186 may be located remote from a well site and include seasing, deteet- ing, emitting or other circuitry. Such equipment may include storage and communication cirewtry to store and to com- ‘municate data, instructions, ete, As an example, one or more satellites may be provided for purposes of communicatio data acquisition, etc. For example, FIG. 1 shows a satellite Jn communication with the network 155 that may be con- figured for communications, noting that the satellite may sadttionally or altemaively’inelude eieuitry for imagery (ex, spatial, spectral, temporal, radiometric, etc) [0059] FIG. Taso shows the geologic environment 150 as ‘optionally including equipment 187 and 188 associated with ‘well that includes a substantially horizontal portion that ‘may interset with one oF moe Traenies 189, For example, consider @ well ina shale fonation that may inckude natal fractures, artfvial fractures (e.g. hydraulic fractures) or a combination of natural and arificiel fiactures. AS an ‘exauipl, a well may be dill fora reservoir thats laterally US 2017/0160429 Al ‘extensive, In suel an example, lateral variations in proper- ties, stresses, ef. may exist where an assessment of such variations may assist with planning, operations, ete. 10 develop a laterally extensive reservoir (ex, via fracturing, injecting, extracting, et). As an example, the equipment 187 and/or 158 may include components a system, systems ‘ete for fracturing, seismic sensing, analysis of seismie dat, fssestment of one or more fetires, ete, 10060] As mentioned, the system 100 may be used 10 Perform one or more workflows. A workflow may be & process that inctades # number of worksteps. A worksten may operate on data, for example, to create new dat, 10 update existing data, te. AS an example, a worklow may ‘operate on one or more inputs and create one ar more ress, for example, based on one or more algorithms, AS ‘example, a system may include a workllow editor fo ‘reation, eng, executing, ete. of « workflow. In such an ‘example, the workflow editor may provide for selection of ‘one oF more pre-defined worksteps, one oe more customized ‘worksteps, ete. Ax an example, a workflow may he 3 ‘workflow implementable in the PETREL software, for ‘example, that pertes on seismic data, seismic attribute), ‘ete. As an example, a workllow may be a process imple mentale in the OCEAN® framework. As an example, 2 workflow may include one or more worksteps that access module such as a plug-in (eg., extemal executable eodk, ete), 10061] FIG. 2 shows an example ofa sedimentary basin 210, an example of a method 220 for model building (e2. for & simulator, ete), an example of a formation 230, an ‘example of a borehole 238 in a Tomnation, an example ofa ‘convention 240 and an example of a system 280. [0062] As an example, reservoir simulation, petroleum systems modeling, ete. may be applied 0 characterize various types of subsurface environments, including envi ronments such as those of FIG. 1. 10063] In FIG. 2, the sedimentary basin 210, whieh is @ eologic environment, includes horizons, faults and facies Jomed over some period of geologic ine. These features are distributed in two or thece dimensions in space, for ‘example, with respect toa Cartesian coonfinate system (@ x, y and 2) or other coordinate system (eg., cylindrical Slierical, ete). As shown, the model building method 220 includes a date acquisition block 224 and a model geometry block 228, Some data may be involved in building an initial mode! and, thereafter, the model may optionally be updated Jn response (© model output, changes in time, physical phenomens, additional data, ete. As an example, dala for ‘modeling may inclide one or more of the following: depth for thickness maps and fault geometries and timing from seismic, remote-sensing, electromagnetic, gravity, ovterop tnd well log data, Furthermore, data may include dept and thickness maps stemming from facies variations (eg, dve to seismic unconformities) assumed to following. geological ‘events (“s0” times) and data may include lateral facies variations (eg. due to lateral variation in sedimentation characteristics). [0063] To proceed to modeling of geologieal processes, «data may be provided, for example, data such as goochem- ‘al data (eg, temperature, kerogen type, onzanie richness, ‘etc, timing data (eg, from paleontology radiometric dat- ing, magnetic reversals, rock and fluid properties, ee.) and boundary condition data (eg, heat-flow history, surface temperature, paleowater depth, et) Jun. 8, 2017 {0065} Ia bain and petoleum systems modeing qua ties ch a temperate, pressure ad porosity distrib Within the semen may be modeled by solving partial illerctial uations (PDEs) wsing a fnte clement metbod (Ga, oF other numerical recnigue). Modeling my also model goomietey with respect 10 time, Tor example, to aecount Tor changes stemming from geological events (2, deposition of material, erosion of materia, shifling of mst. fal te) (0066) commercially available modeling famework ‘market asthe PETROMOD: framework (Schlumberger Timited, Houston, Tex.) includes features for input of vari ou types of information (eg, scimic. wel, geological tie) to model evolution of a sedimentary hain. [0067] As shown in FIG. 2 the formation 230 inludes horizontal surface and various subsurlace layers. As an example, a borehale may be vertical As anoher example, boreole may be devistd. In the exemple of FIG. 2, the borehole 238 may be considered a vercalhorchle, for cxample, where the vans extonds downwardly oral the horizontal surface ofthe formation 230 {0068] As tothe convention 240 fr dip, as shows, dhe {hye dimensional evienttion a plane ean be defined by its tip and sie, Dip i the angle of slope of «plane from a horizontal plane an imaginary plane) measured in a ‘etal plane aa specific dretion. Dip may be defined by Iognitue (eq, alo known as angle or amount) and az tauth (ex. also known as diwetion) As shown in the convention 240 of FIG. 2, varions angles @ indicat angle of Slope downwards, fr example, fom an imaginary horizon {al plane (lat upper surface) whereas, dip refer othe Geecion towards which a dipping plane slopes (a. which ‘may be given with repost tr dopres, compass dioetions, ce), Another feature shows inthe convention of FIG. 2is Strike, whichis the orientstion of the line erated by the intersection of dipping plane and a horizontal plane (ew, consider the fat upper srfae as being an imaginary hor Zonta plan). {0069} Some aitional tems related to dip and strike may apply to an analysis, for example, depending om circum nces, orientation of collected data, ete. One term it “ire tip" Gee, ex. Dip, inthe convention 240 of IG. 2) True Sip isthe dip ofa plane measured dieely perpendicular to surke (Ge, eine dieeted nomwvardly and labeled “strike” and angle cy) and also the maximum possible vale of dip magnitude: Another tea is “opparent dip” (Ge, 8, Din, in the convention 240 of FIG. 2) Apparent dip nay be the dip of plane os cased in any other direction except in the dvection of tue dip (86, e @ 8 Dipy for fngle ca; however, iti possible thatthe apparent cps sal othe toe dip (68, 9 a8 Dip Dip, for angle ‘ith expect to the strike). In other Words, where the era apparent dip is used (ea, in method, anslsi, algorithm, ie), for a particular dipping plane, valu foe “apparel ip” may be equivalent to the tue dip of tht particular dipping plane {0070} As shown inthe convention 240 of FIG, 2, the ip of plane as soon in a erose-section perpendicular to the strike is tre dip (300 othe surface With pas Dip. Dip Tor angle cag with rspoct to the srk). As indicated dip ebsered in eros-scetion in anyother dietin is apparest dip (Se, eg. surfaces labeled Dip). Further, as shown in te convention 240 of FIG. 2, apparent dip may be approxi US 2017/0160429 Al mately 0 degrees (e4., parallel toa horizontal surface where fn edge of a cutting plane nuns slong a strike direction), 10071} In terms of observing dip in wellbores, trac dip is ‘observed in wels drilled verially. In wells crilled in any ‘ther orientation (or deviation, the dips observed are appar- ‘ent dips eg, whieh are referred toby some as relative dips), Tn order to determine trie dip values for planes observed in such boreholes, as an example, a vector computation (e, based on the borchole deviation) may be applied to ane of more apparent dip values. 10072] "As mentioned, another term that finds use in sedi ‘mentologial interpretations from borehole images i “ela tive dip” (ee, Dips). A value of te dip measured from borehole images in mcks deposited in very calm environ- ments may be subtracted (eg, using veetor-subtraction) from dips ina sand body. In such an example, he resulting ‘ips are called relative dips and may find use in interpreting sand body orientation. 10073] A convention such as the convention 240 may’ be used with respect to an analysis, an interpretation, an ate- bute, te. Gee, e, various blocks ofthe system 100 of FIG. 4). As an example, various types of features may be described, in par, by dip (eg. sedimentary bedding, faults tnd fractures, evestas, igneous cies and sils, metamorphic Toliation, et.) 10074) Seismic interpretation may aim to identify andlor ‘lassily one or more subsurface boundaries based atleast ia part on one or more dip parameters (eg., angle or magni tude, azimuth, etc). Asan example, various types of features (eg, sedimentary bedding, faults and ffactures, cuestas, neous dikes and sils, metamorphic foliation, et.) may be

    You might also like