Course on Design of Steel Structures

Professor Damodar Maity

Department of Civil Engineering
Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur
Lecture 10
Module 2
Design of Fillet welds

Hello, today I am going to discuss about design of Fillet welds. In last lecture I have
discussed about the fillet welds, means different parameters used for fillet welds like what is
the effective length of the weld, what is the total length of the weld, what is the size of the
welds, what is the effective thickness of the weld etc. We have also discussed to find out the
maximum allowable throat thickness of the size and minimum size of the weld on the basis of
the plate thickness and finally we have discussed about the design strength of fillet weld,
right.

(Refer Slide Time: 1:10)

This is the same formula to calculate the design strength of the fillet weld,

f u Lwte
Pdw =
3γmw
Lw = length of weld in mm

fu = ultimate stress of weld in MPa

te = effective throat thickness = 0.7S

γmw = partial safety factor

= 1.25 for shop welding and

= 1.5 for site welding

S = size of weld in mm

We generally use right angle and for that it is 0.707S and on the basis of this, we will go
through one workout example. If some load is given then how to find out the length of the
weld and how to distribute the length of the weld in different site that will see through this
workout example.

(Refer Slide Time: 2:04)

Example:
A tie member of a roof truss consists of ISA 100×75×8 of Fe410 grade, is welded to a 10 mm
gusset plate. Design the welded connection to transmit a tensile load, T. Assume connection
are made in the workshop.
So here the thickness is given means thickness of the gusset plate is given 10 mm and
thickness of the angle is 8 mm, so from these two we can find out the size of the weld right.
So this is one thing second thing is that this is an angle section so its c g distance will not be at
the middle not at will be at the centre. So that means the weld length will not be distributed
equally in upper side and lower side so, the design of weld has to be made in such a way the
equivalent strength passes through the cg.

(Refer Slide Time: 4:04)

Solution: Minimum weld size = 3 mm [Table 21, IS 800]

Maximum weld size = ¾ ×8 =6 mm [clause 10.5.8.2, IS 800]

Therefore, Let us adopt 5 mm thick fillet weld.

Throat thickness, te = 0.7 × 5 = 3.5 mm

For ISA 100×75×8, Gross area, Ag = 1336 mm2 , Cz = 31mm

Full strength of the angle,

f y Ag 250×1336
= = ´ 10- 3
γm0 1.1
= 303.64kN
Strength of 5-mm weld,

3.5  410
 662.8 N / mm
3 1.25

Force to resist by weld at 100 mm side of angle,

P2  662.8 100 103  66.28kN

Force to resist by weld at upper side of angle,

Ty P2 303.64  31 66.28
P1      61kN
d 2 100 2

Force to resist by weld at lower side of angle,

61103
Lw1   92mm
662.8

Length required at upper side of angle

176.36 103
Lw3   266mm
662.8

Total Length (effective) of weld = 266 + 92+100 = 458 mm

Note: Add twice the weld size at the ends.

Thus total length = 458+2S = 468 mm

(Refer Slide Time: 8:07)

(Refer Slide Time: 12:21)

(Refer Slide Time: 13:22)

(Refer Slide Time: 16:07)

So whatever you are getting you have to represent in terms of drawing so that engineer can
understand at the site. Here one thing we have to remember, we provide the effective length
suppose length whatever we are providing is effective length and engineer has to add to this
that means the size of the weld it has to add and then it has to fabricate right. So this is one
example.

(Refer Slide Time: 18:26)

Example Design a suitable fillet weld to connect web plate to flange plate and flange plate to
flange cover plate of a built-up girder as shown in the figure, for the following data. Assume
shop welding.
Web plate: 1200 mm × 12 mm
Flange plate: 450 mm × 20 mm
Flange cover plate: 350 mm × 16 mm
Maximum Factored shear force: 1600 kN
(Refer Slide Time: 19:25)
(Refer Slide Time: 20:32)
For Fe 410 steel:

f u  410 MPa

For shop weld:

 mw  1.25

Permissible shear stress

fu 410
   189.37 N / mm 2
3   mw 3 1.25

Connection of web plate to flange plate:

Size of weld: Minimum = 5 mm [Table 21, IS 800]

Maximum = 12 – 1.5 =10.5 mm [clause 10.5.8.1, IS 800]

Let us provide 7 mm size of fillet weld.

Effective throat thickness of weld

te  KS  0.7  7  4.9mm

te  2  4.9  9.8mm

Ay  450  20  (600  10)  350 16  (600  20  8)

 900.68 104 mm3

 350 163 450  203 12 12003
I zz  2  [  350  16  6282   450  20  6102 ] 
12 12 12

 12.8  109 mm 4

Shear stress:

VAy 1600  103  (900.68 104 )

  114.9 N / mm 2  189.37 N / mm 2
I zz  te 12.8  10  9.8
9

Hence, the weld is safe.

(Refer Slide Time: 27:30)

Connection of flange plate to flange cover plate:

Adopt a 7 mm fillet weld.

te  KS  0.7  7  4.9mm

te  2  4.9  9.8mm

Ay  350  16  (600  20  8)  351.68 10 4 mm3

(Refer Slide Time: 29:18)

Shear stress:

VAy 1600  103  (351.68 104 )

  44.86 N / mm 2  189.37 N / mm 2
I zz  te 12.8  10  9.8
9

Hence, the weld is safe.

(Refer Slide Time: 30:57)

This is how we can check the joint whether it is ok or not right. So in todays lecture what we
have seen that two type of problem we have come across and we have seen how to calculate
the design strength of the weld or how to design the weld joint. And in first case we have seen
how the distribution of the weld will be done for an angle section because in angle section c g
distance is not at the centre so we have to make the weld connection in such a way that
strength of the weld connection coincide with the c g of the joint. So this is what we have
done, this is all for todays lecture, thank you.