AREA OF THE REGION BOUNDED BY CIRCLES FORMING SYMMETRICAL

LENSES WITH THE SIDES OF A REGULAR 𝑛-GON AS THEIR DIAMETERS

A MATHEMATICS INVESTIGATION PROJECT SUBMITTED AS AN ENTRY TO

THE 2017 DIVISION MATH SCIENCE FAIR, SCHOOLS DIVISION OF BENGUET

GIAN KYLE C. DACQUIAS

JUSTINE ANNE A. PANIT
Researcher

ALVIN C. GUAKI
Adviser

September 2017
 ABSTRACT

Gian Kyle C. Dacquias, Justine Anne Panit , October 2017. Area Of The Region Bounded

By Circles Forming Symmetrical Lenses With Their Diameters As The Sides Of A Regular

𝑛-Gon. Cordillera Regional Science High School, La Trinidad, Benguet

Consider a regular 𝑛-gon. Construct a circle using the midpoints of the sides of the

regular 𝑛-gon as the center of the circles and with the sides as the diameter of the

constructed circle. What would be the area of the region bounded by intersecting circles

forming symmetrical lenses with diameters as the sides of a regular 𝑛-gon?

The research only considers the 𝑛-gons where 𝑛 ≥ 4 since no central figure is Commented [u1]: Add the method how you formed your
figure.
formed if 𝑛 ≤ 3. In the process of the exploration we have observed the similarities Remember that the abstract is the outline of your research.

between the obtained data from each 𝑛-gon.

The area of the bounded region for 𝑛= 5,6,7,8,9 for which 𝑟=1,2,3,4,5 was solved

using the different concepts in mathematics like the area of the regular polygon, area of

circular segments and the area of semicircles.

The formula for the area of the region bounded by circles forming symmetrical

lenses with the sides of a regular 𝑛-gon as their diameters formed is

(𝑛−2)180° 𝜋 (𝑛−2)180°
𝐴𝐹 = 𝑟 2 𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑛 2𝑛
− [𝑟 2 (𝑛 − 4)( 2 )] − 𝑟 2 𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑛(180 − 𝑛
).
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The researchers would like to express their depeest and most genuine gratitude to

the following for their contributions and assistance in making this project possible.

First of all, the researcheers would like to thank God Almighty for giving patience,

guidance, wisdom, protection, and hope which is why the research was completed

successfully.

To the researcher’s family for their encouragements and support for the researchers.

To the researchers’ research adviser, Sir Alvin Guaki, for his pieces of advice,

assistance, and suggestions.

Finally, to our friends who gave the researchers moral support from the beginning

to the end of this project, most especially Rojan Tamiray, for it was his research where we

have gained inspiration and basis for our work.

With gratitude,

Gian Kyle C. Dacquias

Justine Anne A. Panit

Proponents
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Abstract…………………………………………………………………………… ii

Acknowledgement………………………………………………………………… iii

Introduction

Background of the Study…………………………………………......... 1

Statement of the Problem…………………………………………….... 1

Significance of the Study…………………………………………........ 2

Scope and Delimitations……………………………………………..... 3

Preliminary Concepts

Mathematical Concepts………………………………………………... 4

Exploration…………………………………………………………….. 6

Conjecture……………………………………………………………... 88

Test of Conjecture……………………………………………………... 88

Results and Discussions

Proof…………………………………………………………………... 94

Conclusion…………………………………………………………….. 98

Recommendation……………………………………………………… 98

Bibliography……………………………………………………………………....... 98
 List of Tables

Table Table Description Page

No.

1 Area of the bounded region in a regular pentagon………………... 22

2 Area of the bounded region in a regular pentagon….…….………. 38

3 Area of the bounded region in a regular pentagon…………….….. 54

4 Area of the bounded region in a regular pentagon…………….….. 70

5 Area of the bounded region in a regular pentagon………….…….. 86

6 Area of the bounded region from 𝑛=5,6,7,8,9 and 𝑟=1,2,3,4,5 …... 87

 List of Figures

Figure No. Description of Figures Page

1 A regular pentagon with its sides as the diameters of circle.... 2

2 Representation of an 𝑛-gon with its sides as the diameters of

circles……………………………………………………….. 6

3 A regular pentagon with sides as the diameters of circles

with radii measuring 1 unit…................................................. 7

4 Interior angle of a pentagon with 𝑟 = 1 8

5 A regular pentagon with sides as the diameters of circles

with radii measuring 2 units…………………………........... 10

6 Interior angle of a pentagon with 𝑟 = 2 11

7 A regular pentagon with sides as the diameters of circles

with radii measuring 3 units………………………………… 13

8 Interior angle of a pentagon with 𝑟 = 3 15

9 A regular pentagon with sides as the diameters of circles

with radii measuring 4 units………………………………... 16

10 Interior angle of a pentagon with 𝑟 = 4 18

11 A regular pentagon with sides as the diameters of circles

with radii measuring 5 units……………………………….... 19

12 Interior angle of a pentagon with 𝑟 = 5 21

13 A regular hexagon with sides as the diameters of circles with

radii measuring 1 unit…………………………………......... 23

14 Interior angle of a hexagon with 𝑟 = 1 25

15 A regular hexagon with sides as the diameters of circles with

radii measuring 2 units………………………........................ 26

16 Interior angle of a hexagon with 𝑟 = 2 28

17 A regular hexagon with sides as the diameters of circles with

radii measuring 3 units……………………………………… 29

18 Interior angle of a hexagon with 𝑟 = 3 31

19 A regular hexagon with sides as the diameters of circles with

radii measuring 4 units…………………………………........ 32

20 Interior angle of a hexagon with 𝑟 = 4 34

21 A regular hexagon with sides as the diameters of circles with

radii measuring 5 units………………………….................... 35

22 Interior angle of a hexagon with 𝑟 = 5 37

23 A regular heptagon with sides as the diameters of circles

with radii measuring 1 unit………………………………...... 39

24 Interior angle of a heptagon with 𝑟 = 1 41

25 A regular heptagon with sides as the diameters of circles

with radii measuring 2 units………………………………… 42

26 Interior angle of a heptagon with 𝑟 = 2 43

27 A regular heptagon with sides as the diameters of circles

with radii measuring 3 units………………………………… 45

28 Interior angle of a heptagon with 𝑟 = 3 47

29 A regular heptagon with sides as the diameters of circles

with radii measuring 4 units………………………………… 48

30 Interior angle of a heptagon with 𝑟 = 4 50

31 A regular heptagon with sides as the diameters of circles

with radii measuring 5 units………………………………… 51

32 Interior angle of a heptagon with 𝑟 = 5 53

33 A regular octagon with sides as the diameters of circles with

radii measuring 1 unit.……………………………………… 55

34 Interior angle of a octagon with 𝑟 = 1 56

35 A regular octagon with sides as the diameters of circles with

radii measuring 2 units……………………………………… 58

36 Interior angle of a octagon with 𝑟 = 2 59

37 A regular octagon with sides as the diameters of circles with

radii measuring 3 units…………………………………….... 61

38 Interior angle of a octagon with 𝑟 = 3 63

39 A regular octagon n with sides as the diameters of circles

with radii measuring 4 units………………………………… 64

40 Interior angle of a octagon with 𝑟 = 4 66

41 A regular octagon with sides as the diameters of circles with

radii measuring 5 units……………………………………..... 67

42 Interior angle of a octagon with 𝑟 = 5 69

43 A regular nonagon with sides as the diameters of circles with

radii measuring 1 unit……………………………………...... 71

44 Interior angle of a nonagon with 𝑟 = 1 72

45 A regular nonagon with sides as the diameters of circles with

radii measuring 2 units………………………………………. 74

46 Interior angle of a nonagon with 𝑟 = 2 75

47 A regular nonagon with sides as the diameters of circles with

radii measuring 3 units……………………………………..... 77

48 Interior angle of a nonagon with 𝑟 = 3 79

49 A regular nonagon with sides as the diameters of circles with

radii measuring 4 units………………………………............. 80

50 Interior angle of a nonagon with 𝑟 = 4 82

51 A regular nonagon with sides as the diameters of circles with

radii measuring 5 units……………………………………..... 83

52 Interior angle of a nonagon with 𝑟 = 5 85

53 Interior angle of a dodecagon with 𝑟 = 2 90

54 Interior angle of a 18-gon with 𝑟 = 8 93

 CHAPTER I

Background of the Study

A polygon is a two-dimensional plane figure that is bounded by a finite chain of

straight line segments closing in a loop to form a closed figure. These segments are called

its edges or sides, and the points where two edges meet are the polygon's vertices or

corners. Polygons are seen everywhere and are used everywhere. They can be used for

engineering, architectural design and many more. Polygons can also be seen in natural

forms such as honeycombs and the Giant’s Causeway in Northern Ireland.

Circles have also been a part of our everyday lives. The radars used in ships are

circular and are used to determine the distance of an object to the ship. Theorems on circles

are also used in photography because the radius of the lens is used to determine focal

length. Also, the aperture of the camera depends on the diameter of the lens. Wheels are

almost always present in transportation. Wheels need to have the exact same diameter all

throughout for it to function properly. Their contributions to the improvement of human

life is often ignored or not known.

1
Statement of the Problem

The study aims to solve the following:

What would be the Area of the region bounded by intersecting circles forming

symmetrical lenses with diameters as the sides of a regular 𝑛-gon?

Figure 1. A regular pentagon with its sides as the diameters of circle

Significance of the Study

The study contributes to the general knowledge of students in geometry. Solving

for the area of a figure with arcs as its borders may be an uncommon problem to the

students. The study can help them look for solutions with the help of trigonometry and

common geometrical concepts. The study can also help them analyze figures better and

find easier and better ways to solve for the area and dimensions of a given figure.

2
Scope and Delimitation

This study aims to find a general formula for the area of the region

bounded by intersecting circles with their diameters as the sides of a regular 𝑛-gon. It

further considers cases for any length of regular 𝑛-gon.

On the other hand, this study will only focus on different types of 2-dimensional

regular polygons. It will be limited to regular polygons that have more than four sides

since there will be no bounded region for a square and a triangle.

3
 CHAPTER II

Mathematical Concepts

Figure is a geometric form consisting of any combination of points, lines,

or planes. A Polygon is plane figure with at least three straight sides and angles. The type

of polygon that will be used in this study will be the regular polygons. A regular polygon

is a polygon with equal sides and equal interior angles. One of the surfaces forming the

outside of or bounding a thing, or one of the lines bounding a geometric figure is called

Side. The intersection is a point, line or area common to lines or surfaces that intersect.

Each angular point of a polygon, polyhedron, or other figures is called Vertex. An angle is

formed by two lines or rays diverging from a common point (the vertex). The size of a two-

dimensional surface taken up by an object is called the Area.

In finding the dimension of a polygon, several mathematical concepts are applied.

Law of Sine, it states that in a triangle, when we divide side a by the sine of angle A it is

equal to side b divided by the sine of angle B, and also equal to side c divided by the sine

of angle C. The area of a Regular Polygon is the amount of space inside the boundary of
𝛼
𝑛[𝑥 2 (𝑡𝑎𝑛 )]
2
the regular polygon. It is given by the formula: 𝐴𝐹 = . Interior Angle of a Regular
4

(𝑛−2)180°
Polygon Given by the formula: 𝛼= .
𝑛

Circle is a round plane figure whose boundary (the circumference) consists of

points equidistant from a fixed point (the center), a circle’s area is given by: 𝐴0 = 𝜋𝑟 2 .An

arc is a part of the circumference of a circle. A straight line passing from side to side

through the center of a body or a figure, especially a circle or a sphere is called diameter

while a straight line from the center to the circumference of a circle or sphere is called

4
radius. Center is the point within an 𝑛-gon that is equally distant from all points of the

surface. In a circle, a region which is cut-off from the rest of the circle by a chord is called

Circular Segment. Area of a Circular Segment is he amount of space inside the boundary

𝑟2 𝜋
of the circular segment, it is given by the formula 𝐴𝐶 = ( 𝜃 − sin 𝜃). A portion of a
2 180°

circle that is enclosed by two radii and an arc is called Circular Sector.

Definition of Notations

For this study, the following notations refers to its appended definition all through

outn unless otherwise stated:

𝑛 - number of sides a regular n-gon has

𝑑 - length of the sides of the n-gon/diameters of the circles

𝑎 - interior angle of the regular n-gon

𝑟 - radius of the circle

𝐴𝐶 - Area of the circular segment

𝐴𝑅 - region bounded by the circles

𝐴𝑃 - Area of the 𝑛-gon

5
 EXPLORATION

Consider a regular 𝑛-gon. We are going to construct a circle using the midpoints

of the sides of the regular 𝑛-gon as the center of the circles and with the sides as the

diameter of the constructed circle. Notice that from the symmetrical lenses, pairs of

circular segments are formed.

Figure 2. Representation of an 𝑛-gon with its sides as the diameters of circle

6
Case I: Pentagon (𝒏=5) for any radius 𝒓

Let us start our investigation with a pentagon with its sides as the diameters of

circles with 𝑟 = 1 . We will look for the area of the bounded region 𝐴𝑅 when 𝑛=5 and

𝑟=1.

Figure 3. A regular pentagon with sides as the diameters of

circles with radii measuring 1 unit.

To get the area of the bounded region if 𝑛=5 and 𝑟=1, we need to subtract the area

of the 5 semicircles to the area of the pentagon. But before that, we need to subtract the

area of the pairs of circular segments from the area of the semicircles so that they won’t be

duplicated in the subtraction.

𝐴𝑅 = 𝐴𝑃 – 5 (𝐴𝑆 ) − 5 (2𝐴𝐶 )

𝐴𝑅 = 𝐴𝑃 – 5 (𝐴𝑆 - 2𝐴𝐶 ) Equation 1

We will substitute the given values when 𝑛=5 and 𝑟=1 in the formula for the area of the

regular 𝑛-gon

𝑎
𝑛[𝑑 2 (𝑡𝑎𝑛 )]
2
𝐴𝑃 =
4

7
 𝑎
5[4(𝑡𝑎𝑛 )]
2
𝐴𝑃 = Equation 2.
4

Substitute the value of 𝑛 in the equation for the interior angle of the polygon to look for 𝑎

(𝑛−2)180°
𝛼=
𝑛

(5−2)180°
𝛼=
5

(3)180°
𝛼=
5

𝛼 = 108°

We will substitute the obtained value of 𝑎 in Equation 2

108
5[4(𝑡𝑎𝑛 )]
2
𝐴𝑃 =
4

5[4(𝑡𝑎𝑛54)]
𝐴𝑃 =
4

𝐴𝑃 = 5𝑡𝑎𝑛54

The area of the semicircles if 𝑟=1 is

𝜋
𝐴𝑆 = 2

Figure 4. Interior angle of a pentagon with 𝑟=1

8
 To get the area of the circular segment. We need to get the value of ∠𝐵. Since we

know that the interior angle 𝑎 of the 𝑛-gon is 108° and is supplementary to ∠𝐵 then the

value of ∠𝐵 is 180-108, which is 72.

The area of the circular segments is now given by

𝑟2 𝜋
𝐴𝐶 = 2
(180° 𝐵 − sin 𝐵)

1 72𝜋
𝐴𝐶 = ( − sin 72)
2 180°

Substitute the values of 𝐴𝑃 , 𝐴𝑆 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐴𝐶 in Equation 1.

𝐴𝑅 = 𝐴𝑃 – 𝑛 (𝐴𝑆 - 2𝐴𝐶 )

1 72𝜋
𝐴𝑅 = 𝐴𝑃 – 𝑛 (𝐴𝑆 ) − 𝑛 (2[ ( − 𝑠𝑖𝑛 72)]
2 180

𝜋 72𝜋
𝐴𝑅 = 5𝑡𝑎𝑛54 – 5 [2 –( 180 − sin 72)]

𝜋 72𝜋
𝐴𝑅 = 5𝑡𝑎𝑛54 – 5 { – + sin 72)
2 180

90𝜋 72𝜋
𝐴𝑅 = 5𝑡𝑎𝑛54 – 5 { – + sin 72)
180 180

𝜋
𝐴𝑅 = 5𝑡𝑎𝑛54 – 5 ( 10 + sin 72)

𝜋
𝐴𝑅 = 5𝑡𝑎𝑛54 − −5 𝑠𝑖𝑛 72
2

Therefore, the value of the bounded region if 𝑛=5 and 𝑟=1 is

𝜋
𝐴𝑅 = 5𝑡𝑎𝑛54 − 2 −5 𝑠𝑖𝑛 72

9
We will look for the area of the bounded region 𝐴𝑅 when 𝑛=5 and 𝑟=2.

Figure 5. A regular pentagon with sides as the diameters of circles

with radii measuring 2 units.

The same with the previous approach, to get the area of the bounded regioin if 𝑛=5

and 𝑟=2, we need to subtract the area of the 5 semicircles to the area of the pentagon. But

before that, we need to subtract the area of the pairs of circular segments from the area of

the semicircles so that they won’t be duplicated in the subtraction.

𝐴𝑅 = 𝐴𝑃 – 5 (𝐴𝑆 ) − 5 (2𝐴𝐶 )

𝐴𝑅 = 𝐴𝑃 – 5 (𝐴𝑆 - 2𝐴𝐶 ) Equation 3.

We will substitute the given values when 𝑛=5 and 𝑟=2 in the formula for the area of the

regular 𝑛-gon

𝑎
5[42 (𝑡𝑎𝑛 )]
2
𝐴𝑃 =
4

𝑎
5[16(𝑡𝑎𝑛 )]
2
𝐴𝑃 = Equation 4.
4

Substitute the value of 𝑛 in the equation for the interior angle of the polygon to look for 𝑎

(𝑛−2)180°
𝛼= 𝑛

10
 (5−2)180°
𝛼=
5

(3)180°
𝛼=
5

𝛼 = 108°

We will substitute the obtained value of 𝑎 in Equation 4

108
5[16(𝑡𝑎𝑛 )]
2
𝐴𝑃 = 4

5[16(𝑡𝑎𝑛54)]
𝐴𝑃 = 4

𝐴𝑃 = 20𝑡𝑎𝑛54

The area of the semicircles if 𝑟=2 is

𝐴𝑆 = 2𝜋

Figure 6. Interior angle of a pentagon with 𝑟=2

11
 To get the area of the circular segment. We need to get the value of ∠𝐵. Since we

know that the interior angle 𝑎 of the 𝑛-gon is 108° and is supplementary to ∠𝐵 then the

value of ∠𝐵 is 180-108, which is 72. The area of the circular segments is now given by

𝑟2 𝜋
𝐴𝐶 = ( 𝐵 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝐵)
2 180°

4 72𝜋
𝐴𝐶 = ( − 𝑠𝑖𝑛 72)
2 180°

72𝜋
𝐴𝐶 = 2( − 𝑠𝑖𝑛 72)
180°

Substitute the values of 𝐴𝑃 , 𝐴𝑆 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐴𝐶 in Equation 3.

𝐴𝑅 = 𝐴𝑃 – 𝑛 (𝐴𝑆 - 2𝐴𝐶 )

72𝜋
𝐴𝑅 = 20𝑡𝑎𝑛54 – 5 {2𝜋 – 2[2( − 𝑠𝑖𝑛 72)]}
180°

72𝜋
𝐴𝑅 = 20𝑡𝑎𝑛54 – 5 [2𝜋 – 2(2( − 𝑠𝑖𝑛 72))]
180°

288𝜋
𝐴𝑅 = 20𝑡𝑎𝑛54 – 5 [2𝜋 – ( − 4𝑠𝑖𝑛 72)]
180°

360𝜋 288𝜋
𝐴𝑅 = 20𝑡𝑎𝑛54– 5 ( – + 4𝑠𝑖𝑛 72)
180 180

2𝜋
𝐴𝑅 = 20𝑡𝑎𝑛54 – 5 ( + 4 𝑠𝑖𝑛 72)
5

𝐴𝑅 = 20𝑡𝑎𝑛54 − 2𝜋 − 20 𝑠𝑖𝑛 72

Therefore, the value of the bounded region if 𝑛=5 and 𝑟=2 is

12
 𝐴𝐹 = 20𝑡𝑎𝑛54 − 2𝜋 −20 𝑠𝑖𝑛 72

𝒏=5; 𝒓=3

We will look for the area of the bounded region 𝐴𝑅 when 𝑛=5 and 𝑟=3.

Figure 7. A regular pentagon with sides as the diameters of circles with radii
measuring 3 units.

The same with the previous approach, to get the area of the bounded region if 𝑛=5

and 𝑟=3, we need to subtract the area of the 5 semicircles to the area of the pentagon. But

before that, we need to subtract the area of the pairs of circular segments from the area of

the semicircles so that they won’t be duplicated in the subtraction.

𝐴𝑅 = 𝐴𝑃 – 5 (𝐴𝑆 ) − 5 (2𝐴𝐶 )

𝐴𝑅 = 𝐴𝑃 – 5 (𝐴𝑆 − 2𝐴𝐶 ) Equation 5.

We will substitute the given values when 𝑛=5 and 𝑟=3 in the formula for the area of the

regular 𝑛-gon

13
 𝑎
5[62 (𝑡𝑎𝑛 )]
2
𝐴𝑃 =
4

𝑎
5[36(𝑡𝑎𝑛 )]
2
𝐴𝑃 = Equation 6.
4

Substitute the value of 𝑛 in the equation for the interior angle of the polygon to look for 𝑎

(𝑛−2)180°
𝛼=
𝑛

(5−2)180°
𝛼=
5

(3)180°
𝛼=
5

𝛼 = 108°

We will substitute the obtained value of 𝑎 in Equation 6

108
5[36(𝑡𝑎𝑛 )]
2
𝐴𝑃 =
4

5[36(𝑡𝑎𝑛54)]
𝐴𝑃 =
4

𝐴𝑃 = 45𝑡𝑎𝑛54

The area of the semicircles if 𝑟=3 is

9𝜋
𝐴𝑆 = 2

14
 Figure 8. Interior angle of a pentagon with 𝑟=3

To get the area of the circular segment. We need to get the value of ∠𝐵. Since we

know that the interior angle 𝑎 of the 𝑛-gon is 108° and is supplementary to ∠𝐵 then the

value of ∠𝐵 is 180-108, which is 72. The area of the circular segments is now given by

𝑟2 𝜋
𝐴𝐶 = ( 𝐵 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝐵)
2 180°

9 72𝜋
𝐴𝐶 = ( − 𝑠𝑖𝑛 72)
2 180°

Substitute the values of 𝐴𝑃 , 𝐴𝑆 and 𝐴𝐶 in Equation 5.

𝐴𝑅 = 𝐴𝑃 – 𝑛 (𝐴𝑆 - 2𝐴𝐶 )

9𝜋 9 72𝜋
𝐴𝑅 = 45𝑡𝑎𝑛54 – 5 { – [2( ( − 𝑠𝑖𝑛 72)]}
2 2 180°

9𝜋 72𝜋
𝐴𝑅 = 45𝑡𝑎𝑛54 – 5 [ – (9( − 𝑠𝑖𝑛 72))]
2 180°

9𝜋 648𝜋
𝐴𝑅 = 45𝑡𝑎𝑛54– 5 [ –( − 𝑠𝑖𝑛 72)]
2 180°

810𝜋 648𝜋
𝐴𝑅 = 45𝑡𝑎𝑛54– 5 ( – + 𝑠𝑖𝑛 72)
180 180

15
 9𝜋
𝐴𝑅 = 45𝑡𝑎𝑛54 – 5 ( + 𝑠𝑖𝑛 72)
10

9𝜋
𝐴𝑅 = 45𝑡𝑎𝑛54 − − 45 𝑠𝑖𝑛 72
2

Therefore, the value of the bounded region if 𝑛=5 and 𝑟=3 is

9𝜋
𝐴𝑅 = 45𝑡𝑎𝑛54 − −45 𝑠𝑖𝑛 72
2

𝒏=5; 𝒓=4

We will look for the area of the bounded region 𝐴𝑅 when 𝑛=5 and 𝑟=4.

Figure 9. A regular pentagon with sides as the diameters of circles with radii
measuring 4 units.

The same with the previous approach, to get the area of the bounded region if 𝑛=5

and 𝑟=4, we need to subtract the area of the 5 semicircles to the area of the pentagon. But

before that, we need to subtract the area of the pairs of circular segments from the area of

the semicircles so that they won’t be duplicated in the subtraction.

16
 𝐴𝑅 = 𝐴𝑃 – 5 (𝐴𝑆 ) − 5 (2𝐴𝐶 )

𝐴𝑅 = 𝐴𝑃 – 5 (𝐴𝑆 - 2𝐴𝐶 ) Equation 7.

We will substitute the given values when 𝑛=5 and 𝑟=4 in the formula for the area of the

regular 𝑛-gon

𝑎
5[82 (𝑡𝑎𝑛 )]
2
𝐴𝑃 = 4

𝑎
5[64(𝑡𝑎𝑛 )]
2
𝐴𝑃 = 4
Equation 8.

Substitute the value of 𝑛 in the equation for the interior angle of the polygon to look for 𝑎

(𝑛−2)180°
𝛼= 𝑛

(5−2)180°
𝛼=
5

(3)180°
𝛼=
5

𝛼 = 108°

We will substitute the obtained value of 𝑎 in Equation 8

108
5[64(𝑡𝑎𝑛 )]
2
𝐴𝑃 = 4

5[64(𝑡𝑎𝑛54)]
𝐴𝑃 = 4

𝐴𝑃 = 80𝑡𝑎𝑛54

17
The area of the semicircles if 𝑟=4 is

𝐴𝑆 = 8𝜋

Figure 10. Interior angle of a pentagon with 𝑟=4

To get the area of the circular segment. We need to get the value of ∠𝐵. Since we

know that the interior angle 𝑎 of the 𝑛-gon is 108° and is supplementary to ∠𝐵 then the

value of ∠𝐵 is 180-108, which is 72. The area of the circular segments is now given by

𝑟2 𝜋
𝐴𝐶 = ( 𝐵 − sin 𝐵)
2 180°

72𝜋
𝐴𝐶 =8 (180° − sin 72)

Substitute the values of 𝐴𝑃 , 𝐴𝑆 and 𝐴𝐶 in Equation 7.

𝐴𝑅 = 𝐴𝑃 – 𝑛 (𝐴𝑆 - 2𝐴𝐶 )

72𝜋
𝐴𝑅 = 80𝑡𝑎𝑛54 – 5 {8𝜋 –[2(8 ( − sin 72)]}
180°

72𝜋
𝐴𝑅 = 80𝑡𝑎𝑛54 – 5 [8𝜋 –16( − sin 72))]
180°

1152𝜋
𝐴𝑅 = 80𝑡𝑎𝑛54 – 5 [8𝜋 –( − 16sin 72)]
180°

18
 1440𝜋 1152𝜋
𝐴𝑅 = 80𝑡𝑎𝑛54– 5 ( – + 16sin 72)
180 180

8𝜋
𝐴𝑅 = 80𝑡𝑎𝑛54– 5 ( + 16 sin 72)
5

𝐴𝑅 = 80𝑡𝑎𝑛54 − 8𝜋 − 80𝑠𝑖𝑛 72

Therefore, the value of the bounded region if 𝑛=5 and 𝑟=4 is

𝐴𝑅 = 80𝑡𝑎𝑛54 − 8𝜋 −80 𝑠𝑖𝑛 72

𝒏=5; 𝒓=5

We will look for the area of the bounded region 𝐴𝑅 when 𝑛=5 and 𝑟=5.

Figure 11. A regular pentagon with sides as the diameters of circles with radii
measuring 5 units.
The same with the previous approach, to get the area of the bounded region if 𝑛=5 and 𝑟=5,

we need to subtract the area of the 5 semicircles to the area of the pentagon. But before

19
that, we need to subtract the area of the pairs of circular segments from the area of the

semicircles so that they won’t be duplicated in the subtraction.

𝐴𝑅 = 𝐴𝑃 – 5 (𝐴𝑆 ) − 5 (2𝐴𝐶 )

𝐴𝑅 = 𝐴𝑃 – 5 (𝐴𝑆 - 2𝐴𝐶 ) Equation 9.

We will substitute the given values when 𝑛=5 and 𝑟=5 in the formula for the area of the

regular 𝑛-gon

𝑎
5[102 (𝑡𝑎𝑛 )]
2
𝐴𝑃 =
4

𝑎
5[100(𝑡𝑎𝑛 )]
2
𝐴𝑃 = Equation 10.
4

Substitute the value of 𝑛 in the equation for the interior angle of the polygon to look for 𝑎

(𝑛−2)180°
𝛼=
𝑛

(5−2)180°
𝛼= 5

(3)180°
𝛼= 5

𝛼 = 108°

We will substitute the obtained value of 𝑎 in Equation 10

108
5[100(𝑡𝑎𝑛 )]
2
𝐴𝑃 =
4

5[100(𝑡𝑎𝑛54)]
𝐴𝑃 =
4

𝐴𝑃 = 125𝑡𝑎𝑛54

20
The area of the semicircles if 𝑟=5 is

25𝜋
𝐴𝑆 = 2

Figure 12. Interior angle of a pentagon with 𝑟=5

To get the area of the circular segment. We need to get the value of ∠𝐵. Since we

know that the interior angle 𝑎 of the 𝑛-gon is 108° and is supplementary to ∠𝐵 then the

value of ∠𝐵 is 180-108, which is 72. The area of the circular segments is now given by

𝑟2 𝜋
𝐴𝐶 = ( 𝐵 − sin 𝐵)
2 180°

25𝜋 72𝜋
𝐴𝐶 = 2
(180° − sin 72)

Substitute the values of 𝐴𝑃 , 𝐴𝑆 and 𝐴𝐶 in Equation 9.

𝐴𝑅 = 𝐴𝑃 – 𝑛 (𝐴𝑆 - 2𝐴𝐶 )

25𝜋 25 72𝜋
𝐴𝑅 = 125𝑡𝑎𝑛54 – 5 { –[2( ( − sin 72)]}
2 2 180°

25𝜋 72𝜋
𝐴𝑅 = 125𝑡𝑎𝑛54 – 5 [ –25( − sin 72))]
2 180°

25𝜋 1800𝜋
𝐴𝑅 = 125𝑡𝑎𝑛54 – 5 [ –( − 25sin 72)]
2 180°

21
 2250𝜋 1800𝜋
𝐴𝑅 = 125𝑡𝑎𝑛54– 5 ( – + 25sin 72)
180 180

5𝜋
𝐴𝑅 = 125𝑡𝑎𝑛54– 5 ( 2
+ 25 sin 72)

25𝜋
𝐴𝑅 = 125𝑡𝑎𝑛54 − − 125𝑠𝑖𝑛 72
2

Therefore, the value of the bounded region if 𝑛=5 and 𝑟=5 is

25𝜋
𝐴𝑅 = 125𝑡𝑎𝑛54 − − 125𝑠𝑖𝑛 72
2

Table 1. Area of the Bounded Region in a Regular Pentagon

Radius 𝑟 of the Area of the bounded region

Circle 𝐴𝑅

(12 )𝜋
𝜋
5𝑡𝑎𝑛54 − −5 𝑠𝑖𝑛 72 (12 )(5)𝑡𝑎𝑛54 −
1 2
2
– (12 )(5) 𝑠𝑖𝑛 72
(22 )𝜋
(22 )(5)𝑡𝑎𝑛54 −
2 20𝑡𝑎𝑛54 − 2𝜋 − 20𝑠𝑖𝑛 72 2
– (22 )(5)𝑠𝑖𝑛 72

9𝜋 (32 )𝜋
3 45𝑡𝑎𝑛54 – − 45𝑠𝑖𝑛 72 (32 )(5)𝑡𝑎𝑛54 – – (32 )(5)𝑠𝑖𝑛 72
2 2

(42 )𝜋
(42 )(5)𝑡𝑎𝑛54 –
4 80𝑡𝑎𝑛54 – 8𝜋 − 80𝑠𝑖𝑛 72 2
− (42 )(5)𝑠𝑖𝑛 72
25𝜋
125𝑡𝑎𝑛54 – 2 (52 )𝜋
5 (52 )(5)𝑡𝑎𝑛54 – 2
– (52 )(5)𝑠𝑖𝑛 72
− 125𝑠𝑖𝑛 72

⋮ ⋮ ⋮

𝑟2𝜋
𝑟 (𝑟 2 )5𝑡𝑎𝑛54 – – (𝑟 2 )5𝑠𝑖𝑛 72
2

22
 From the table in the preceding page, we observed that the base of the one that’s

hilighted in pink, blue, and brown can be witten as 𝑟.

Based from observations, we have seen that the area of the bounded region when 𝑛=5

will be given by

𝑟2𝜋
(𝑟 2 )5𝑡𝑎𝑛54 – 2
– (𝑟 2 )5𝑠𝑖𝑛 72

Case 2: Hexagon (𝒏=6) for any radius 𝒓

We will look for the area of the bounded region 𝐴𝑅 when 𝑛=6 and 𝑟=1.

Figure 13. A regular hexagon with sides as the diameters of

circles with radii measuring 1 unit

To get the area of the bounded region if 𝑛=6 and 𝑟=1, we need to subtract the area

of the 6 semicircles to the area of the hexagon. But before that, we need to subtract the area

of the pairs of circular segments from the area of the semicircles so that they won’t be

duplicated in the subtraction.

𝐴𝑅 = 𝐴𝑃 – 6 (𝐴𝑆 ) − 6 (2𝐴𝐶 )

𝐴𝑅 = 𝐴𝑃 – 6 (𝐴𝑆 - 2𝐴𝐶 ) Equation 11.

23
We will substitute the given values when 𝑛=6 and 𝑟=1 in the formula for the area of the

regular 𝑛-gon

𝑎
6[22 (𝑡𝑎𝑛 )]
2
𝐴𝑃 = 4

𝑎
6[4(𝑡𝑎𝑛 )]
2
𝐴𝑃 = 4
Equation 12.

Substitute the value of 𝑛 in the equation for the interior angle of the polygon to look for 𝑎

(𝑛−2)180°
𝛼=
𝑛

(6−2)180°
𝛼=
6

(4)180°
𝛼=
6

𝛼 = 120°

We will substitute the obtained value of 𝑎 in Equation 10

120
6[4(𝑡𝑎𝑛 )]
2
𝐴𝑃 =
4

6[4(𝑡𝑎𝑛60)]
𝐴𝑃 =
4

𝐴𝑃 = 6𝑡𝑎𝑛60

The area of the semicircles if 𝑟=1 is

𝜋
𝐴𝑆 =2

24
 Figure 14. Interior angle of a hexagon with 𝑟=1

To get the area of the circular segment. We need to get the value of 𝜃. Since we

know that the interior angle 𝑎 of the 𝑛-gon is 120° and is supplementary to 𝜃 then the value

of 𝜃 is 180-120, which is 60.

The area of the circular segments is now given by

𝑟2 𝜋
𝐴𝐶 = 2 (180° 𝜃 − sin 𝜃)

1 60𝜋
𝐴𝐶 = ( − sin 60)
2 180°

Substitute the values of 𝐴𝑃 , 𝐴𝑆 and 𝐴𝐶 in Equation 3.

𝐴𝑅 = 𝐴𝑃 – 𝑛 (𝐴𝑆 - 2𝐴𝐶 )

𝜋 1 60𝜋
𝐴𝑅 = 6𝑡𝑎𝑛60 – 6 { –[2( ( − sin 60)]}
2 2 180°

𝜋 60𝜋
𝐴𝑅 = 6𝑡𝑎𝑛60 – 6 [2 –(180° − sin 60))

90𝜋 60𝜋
𝐴𝑅 = 6𝑡𝑎𝑛60– 6 ( – + sin 60)
180 180

1𝜋
𝐴𝑅 = 6𝑡𝑎𝑛60– 6 ( + 6 sin 60)
6

25
 𝐴𝑅 = 6𝑡𝑎𝑛60 − 𝜋 −6 𝑠𝑖𝑛 60

Therefore, the value of the bounded region if 𝑛=6 and 𝑟=1 is

𝐴𝑅 = 6𝑡𝑎𝑛60 − 𝜋 −6 𝑠𝑖𝑛 60

𝒏=6, 𝒓=2

We will look for the area of the bounded region 𝐴𝑅 when 𝑛=6 and 𝑟=2.

Figure 15. A regular hexagon with sides as the diameters of circles with radii
measuring 2 units

To get the area of the bounded region if 𝑛=6 and 𝑟=2, we need to subtract the area

of the 6 semicircles to the area of the hexagon. But before that, we need to subtract the area

of the pairs of circular segments from the area of the semicircles so that they won’t be

duplicated in the subtraction.

𝐴𝑅 = 𝐴𝑃 – 6 (𝐴𝑆 ) − 6 (2𝐴𝐶 )

𝐴𝑅 = 𝐴𝑃 – 6 (𝐴𝑆 - 2𝐴𝐶 ) Equation 13.

We will substitute the given values when 𝑛=6 and 𝑟=2 in the formula for the area of the

regular 𝑛-gon

26
 𝑎
6[42 (𝑡𝑎𝑛 )]
2
𝐴𝑃 =
4

𝑎
6[16(𝑡𝑎𝑛 )]
2
𝐴𝑃 = Equation 14.
4

Substitute the value of 𝑛 in the equation for the interior angle of the polygon to look for 𝑎

(𝑛−2)180°
𝛼=
𝑛

(6−2)180°
𝛼=
6

(4)180°
𝛼=
6

𝛼 = 120°

We will substitute the obtained value of 𝑎 in Equation 14

120
6[16(𝑡𝑎𝑛 )]
2
𝐴𝑃 =
4

6[16(𝑡𝑎𝑛60)]
𝐴𝑃 =
4

𝐴𝑃 = 24𝑡𝑎𝑛60

The area of the semicircles if 𝑟=2 is

𝐴𝑆 =2𝜋

27
 Figure 16. Interior angle of a hexagon with 𝑟=2

To get the area of the circular segment. We need to get the value of 𝜃. Since we

know that the interior angle 𝑎 of the 𝑛-gon is 120° and is supplementary to 𝜃 then the value

of 𝜃 is 180-120, which is 60. The area of the circular segments is now given by

𝑟2 𝜋
𝐴𝐶 = ( 𝜃 − sin 𝜃)
2 180°

60𝜋
𝐴𝐶 =2 ( − sin 60)
180°

Substitute the values of 𝐴𝑃 , 𝐴𝑆 and 𝐴𝐶 in Equation 13.

𝐴𝑅 = 𝐴𝑃 – 𝑛 (𝐴𝑆 - 2𝐴𝐶 )

60𝜋
𝐴𝑅 = 24𝑡𝑎𝑛60 – 6 {2𝜋 –[2(2 ( − sin 60)]}
180°

240𝜋
𝐴𝑅 = 24𝑡𝑎𝑛60 – 6 [2𝜋 –( − 4sin 60))]
180°

360𝜋 240𝜋
𝐴𝑅 = 24𝑡𝑎𝑛60– 6 ( 180 – 180
+ 4sin 60)

2𝜋
𝐴𝑅 = 24𝑡𝑎𝑛60– 6 ( + 4 sin 60)
3

28
 𝐴𝑅 = 24𝑡𝑎𝑛60 − 4𝜋 −24 𝑠𝑖𝑛 60

Therefore, the value of the bounded region if 𝑛=6 and 𝑟=2 is

𝐴𝑅 = 24𝑡𝑎𝑛60 − 4𝜋 −24 𝑠𝑖𝑛 60

𝒏=6; 𝒓=3

We will look for the area of the bounded region 𝐴𝑅 when 𝑛=6 and 𝑟=3.

Figure 17. A regular hexagon with sides as the diameters of circles with radii
measuring 3 units

To get the area of the bounded region if 𝑛=6 and 𝑟=3, we need to subtract the

area of the 6 semicircles to the area of the hexagon. But before that, we need to subtract

the area of the pairs of circular segments from the area of the semicircles so that they won’t

be duplicated in the subtraction.

𝐴𝑅 = 𝐴𝑃 – 6 (𝐴𝑆 ) − 6 (2𝐴𝐶 )

𝐴𝑅 = 𝐴𝑃 – 6 (𝐴𝑆 - 2𝐴𝐶 ) Equation 15.

29
We will substitute the given values when 𝑛=6 and 𝑟=3 in the formula for the area of the

regular 𝑛-gon

𝑎
6[62 (𝑡𝑎𝑛 )]
2
𝐴𝑃 = 4

𝑎
6[36(𝑡𝑎𝑛 )]
2
𝐴𝑃 = 4
Equation 16.

Substitute the value of 𝑛 in the equation for the interior angle of the polygon to look for 𝑎

(𝑛−2)180°
𝛼=
𝑛

(6−2)180°
𝛼=
6

(4)180°
𝛼=
6

𝛼 = 120°

We will substitute the obtained value of 𝑎 in Equation 16

120
6[36(𝑡𝑎𝑛 )]
2
𝐴𝑃 =
4

6[36(𝑡𝑎𝑛60)]
𝐴𝑃 =
4

𝐴𝑃 = 54𝑡𝑎𝑛60

The area of the semicircles if 𝑟=3 is

9𝜋
𝐴𝑆 = 2

30
 Figure 18. Interior angle of a hexagon with 𝑟=3

To get the area of the circular segment. We need to get the value of 𝜃. Since we

know that the interior angle 𝑎 of the 𝑛-gon is 120° and is supplementary to 𝜃 then the value

of 𝜃 is 180-120, which is 60. The area of the circular segments is now given by

𝑟2 𝜋
𝐴𝐶 = ( 𝜃 − sin 𝜃)
2 180°

9 60𝜋
𝐴𝐶 =2 (180° − sin 60)

Substitute the values of 𝐴𝑃 , 𝐴𝑆 and 𝐴𝐶 in Equation 15.

𝐴𝑅 = 𝐴𝑃 – 𝑛 (𝐴𝑆 - 2𝐴𝐶 )

9𝜋 9 60𝜋
𝐴𝑅 = 54𝑡𝑎𝑛60 – 6 { –[2( ( − sin 60)]}
2 2 180°

9𝜋 540𝜋
𝐴𝑅 = 54𝑡𝑎𝑛60 – 6 [ –( − 9sin 60))]
2 180°

810𝜋 540𝜋
𝐴𝑅 = 54𝑡𝑎𝑛60– 6 ( 180 − 180
+ 9sin 60)

3𝜋
𝐴𝑅 = 54𝑡𝑎𝑛60– 6 ( + 9 sin 60)
2

𝐴𝑅 = 54𝑡𝑎𝑛60 − 9𝜋 −54 𝑠𝑖𝑛 60

31
Therefore, the value of the bounded region if 𝑛=6 and 𝑟=3 is

𝐴𝑅 = 54𝑡𝑎𝑛60 − 9𝜋 −54 𝑠𝑖𝑛 60

𝒏=6; 𝒓=4

We will look for the area of the bounded region 𝐴𝑅 when 𝑛=6 and 𝑟=4.

Figure 19. A regular hexagon with sides as the diameters of circles with radii
measuring 4 units

To get the area of the bounded region if 𝑛=6 and 𝑟=4, we need to subtract the area

of the 6 semicircles to the area of the hexagon. But before that, we need to subtract the area

of the pairs of circular segments from the area of the semicircles so that they won’t be

duplicated in the subtraction.

𝐴𝑅 = 𝐴𝑃 – 6 (𝐴𝑆 ) − 6 (2𝐴𝐶 )

𝐴𝑅 = 𝐴𝑃 – 6 (𝐴𝑆 - 2𝐴𝐶 ) Equation 17.

32
We will substitute the given values when 𝑛=6 and 𝑟=4 in the formula for the area of the

regular 𝑛-gon

𝑎
6[82 (𝑡𝑎𝑛 )]
2
𝐴𝑃 = 4

𝑎
6[64(𝑡𝑎𝑛 )]
2
𝐴𝑃 = 4
Equation 18.

Substitute the value of 𝑛 in the equation for the interior angle of the polygon to look for 𝑎

(𝑛−2)180°
𝛼=
𝑛

(6−2)180°
𝛼=
6

(4)180°
𝛼=
6

𝛼= 120°

We will substitute the obtained value of 𝑎 in Equation 18

120
6[64(𝑡𝑎𝑛 )]
2
𝐴𝑃 =
4

6[64(𝑡𝑎𝑛60)]
𝐴𝑃 =
4

𝐴𝑃 = 96𝑡𝑎𝑛60

The area of the semicircles if 𝑟=4 is

𝐴𝑆 =8𝜋

33
 Figure 20. Interior angle of a hexagon with 𝑟=4

To get the area of the circular segment. We need to get the value of 𝜃. Since we

know that the interior angle 𝑎 of the 𝑛-gon is 120° and is supplementary to 𝜃 then the value

of 𝜃 is 180-120, which is 60. The area of the circular segments is now given by

𝑟2 𝜋
𝐴𝐶 = ( 𝜃 − sin 𝜃)
2 180°

60𝜋
𝐴𝐶 =8 ( − sin 60)
180°

Substitute the values of 𝐴𝑃 , 𝐴𝑆 and 𝐴𝐶 in Equation 17.

𝐴𝑅 = 𝐴𝑃 – 𝑛 (𝐴𝑆 - 2𝐴𝐶 )

60𝜋
𝐴𝑅 = 96𝑡𝑎𝑛60 – 6 {8𝜋 –[2(8 (180° − sin 60)]}

960𝜋
𝐴𝑅 = 96𝑡𝑎𝑛60– 6 [8𝜋 –( − 16sin 60))]
180°

1440𝜋 960𝜋
𝐴𝑅 = 96𝑡𝑎𝑛60– 6 ( – + 16sin 60)
180 180

8𝜋
𝐴𝑅 = 96𝑡𝑎𝑛60– 6 ( 3
+ 16 sin 60)

34
 𝐴𝑅 = 96𝑡𝑎𝑛60 − 16𝜋 −96 𝑠𝑖𝑛 60

Therefore, the value of the bounded region if 𝑛=6 and 𝑟=4 is

𝐴𝑅 = 96𝑡𝑎𝑛60 − 16𝜋 −96 𝑠𝑖𝑛 60

𝒏=6; 𝒓=5

We will look for the area of the bounded region 𝐴𝐹 when 𝑛=6 and 𝑟=5.

Figure 21. A regular hexagon with sides as the diameters of circles with radii
measuring 5 units

To get the area of the bounded region if 𝑛=6 and 𝑟=5, we need to subtract the

area of the 6 semicircles to the area of the hexagon. But before that, we need to subtract

the area of the pairs of circular segments from the area of the semicircles so that they

won’t be duplicated in the subtraction.

𝐴𝑅 = 𝐴𝑃 – 6 (𝐴𝑆 ) − 6 (2𝐴𝐶 )

35
 𝐴𝑅 = 𝐴𝑃 – 6 (𝐴𝑆 - 2𝐴𝐶 ) Equation 19.

We will substitute the given values when 𝑛=6 and 𝑟=4 in the formula for the area of the

regular 𝑛-gon

𝑎
6[102 (𝑡𝑎𝑛 )]
2
𝐴𝑃 =
4

𝑎
6[100(𝑡𝑎𝑛 )]
2
𝐴𝑃 = Equation 20.
4

Substitute the value of 𝑛 in the equation for the interior angle of the polygon to look for 𝑎

(𝑛−2)180°
𝛼=
𝑛

(6−2)180°
𝛼= 6

(4)180°
𝛼= 6

𝛼 = 120°

We will substitute the obtained value of 𝑎 in Equation 20

120
6[100(𝑡𝑎𝑛 )]
2
𝐴𝑃 =
4

6[100(𝑡𝑎𝑛60)]
𝐴𝑃 =
4

𝐴𝑃 = 150𝑡𝑎𝑛60

The area of the semicircles if 𝑟=5 is

25𝜋
𝐴𝑆 = 2

36
 Figure 22. Interior angle of a hexagon with 𝑟=5

To get the area of the circular segment. We need to get the value of 𝜃. Since we

know that the interior angle 𝑎 of the 𝑛-gon is 120° and is supplementary to 𝜃 then the value

of 𝜃 is 180-120, which is 60. The area of the circular segments is now given by

𝑟2 𝜋
𝐴𝐶 = ( 𝜃 − sin 𝜃)
2 180°

25 60𝜋
𝐴𝐶 = 2 (180° − sin 60)

Substitute the values of 𝐴𝑃 , 𝐴𝑆 and 𝐴𝐶 in Equation 19.

𝐴𝑅 = 𝐴𝑃 – 𝑛 (𝐴𝑆 - 2𝐴𝐶 )

25𝜋 25 60𝜋
𝐴𝑅 =150𝑡𝑎𝑛60 – 6 { 2
–[2( 2 (180° − sin 60)]}

2250𝜋 1500𝜋
𝐴𝑅 = 150𝑡𝑎𝑛60– 6 [ –( − 25sin 60))]
2 180°

2250𝜋 1500𝜋
𝐴𝑅 = 150𝑡𝑎𝑛60– 6 ( 180
– 180
+ 25sin 60)

25𝜋
𝐴𝑅 = 150𝑡𝑎𝑛60– 6 ( 6
+ 25 sin 60)

37
 𝐴𝐹 = 150𝑡𝑎𝑛60 − 25𝜋 −150 𝑠𝑖𝑛 60

Therefore, the value of the bounded region if 𝑛=6 and 𝑟=5 is

𝐴𝐹 = 150𝑡𝑎𝑛60 − 25𝜋 −150 𝑠𝑖𝑛 60

Table 2. Area of the Bounded region in a Regular Hexagon

Radius 𝑟
Area 𝐴𝑅 of the bounded
of the
region
Circle

1 6𝑡𝑎𝑛60 – π – 6𝑠𝑖𝑛60 (12 )(6)𝑡𝑎𝑛60 − (12 )𝜋 − (12 )(6) 𝑠𝑖𝑛 60

2 24𝑡𝑎𝑛60 – 4𝜋 − 24sin 60 (22 )(6)𝑡𝑎𝑛60 − (22 )4𝜋 – (22 )(6)𝑠𝑖𝑛 60

3 54𝑡𝑎𝑛60 – 9𝜋 − 54sin 60 (32 )(6)𝑡𝑎𝑛60 – (32 )9𝜋 − (32 )(6)𝑠𝑖𝑛 60

(42 )(6)𝑡𝑎𝑛60 – (42 )16𝜋

4 96𝑡𝑎𝑛60 – 16𝜋 − 96sin 60
− (42 )(6)𝑠𝑖𝑛 60

150𝑡𝑎𝑛60 – 25𝜋 −
5 (52 )(6)𝑡𝑎𝑛60 – (52 )25𝜋 − (52 )(6)𝑠𝑖𝑛 60
150sin 60

⋮ ⋮ ⋮

𝑟 (𝑟 2 )6𝑡𝑎𝑛60 – 𝑟 2 𝜋 − (𝑟 2 )6𝑠𝑖𝑛 60

From the table above, we observed that the base of the ones that are hilighted with

pink, blue, and brown can be witten as 𝑟.

Based from observations, we have seen that the area of the bounded region when 𝑛=6 will

be given by

(𝑟 2 )6𝑡𝑎𝑛60 – 𝑟 2 𝜋 − (𝑟 2 )6𝑠𝑖𝑛 60

38
Case III: Heptagon (𝒏=7) for any radius 𝒓

We will look for the area of the bounded region 𝐴𝑅 when 𝑛=7 and 𝑟=1.

Figure 23. A regular heptagon with sides as the diameters of circles with radii
measuring 1 unit

To get the area of the bounded region if 𝑛=7 and 𝑟=1, we need to subtract the area

of the 7 semicircles to the area of the heptagon. But before that, we need to subtract the

area of the pairs of circular segments from the area of the semicircles so that they won’t be

duplicated in the subtraction.

𝐴𝑅 = 𝐴𝑃 – 7 (𝐴𝑆 ) − 7 (2𝐴𝐶 )

𝐴𝑅 = 𝐴𝑃 – 7 (𝐴𝑆 - 2𝐴𝐶 ) Equation 21.

We will substitute the given values when 𝑛=7 and 𝑟=1 in the formula for the area of the

regular 𝑛-gon

𝑎
7[22 (𝑡𝑎𝑛 )]
2
𝐴𝑃 =
4

𝑎
7[4(𝑡𝑎𝑛 )]
2
𝐴𝑃 = Equation 22.
4

Substitute the value of 𝑛 in the equation for the interior angle of the polygon to look for 𝑎

(𝑛−2)180°
𝑎=
𝑛

39
 (7−2)180°
𝛼=
7

(5)180°
𝛼=
7

𝛼= 128.5714286°

We will substitute the obtained value of 𝑎 in Equation 20

128.5714286
7[4(𝑡𝑎𝑛 )]
2
𝐴𝑃 =
4

7[4(𝑡𝑎𝑛64.28571429)]
𝐴𝑃 = 4

𝐴𝑃 = 7𝑡𝑎𝑛64.28571429

The area of the semicircles if 𝑟=1 is

𝜋
𝐴𝑆 =2

Figure 24. Interior angle of a heptagon with 𝑟=1

To get the area of the circular segment. We need to get the value of ∠𝐵. Since we

know that the interior angle 𝑎 of the 𝑛-gon is 120° and is supplementary to ∠𝐵 then the

value of ∠𝐵 is 180-128.5714286, which is 51.42857143. The area of the circular segments

is now given by

40
 𝑟2 𝜋
𝐴𝐶 = ( 𝜃 − sin 𝜃)
2 180°

1 51.42857143𝜋
𝐴𝐶 =2 ( 180°
− sin 51.42857143)

Substitute the values of 𝐴𝑃 , 𝐴𝑆 and 𝐴𝐶 in Equation 19.

𝐴𝑅 = 𝐴𝑃 – 𝑛 (𝐴𝑆 - 2𝐴𝐶 )

𝜋 1 51.42857143𝜋
𝐴𝑅 =7𝑡𝑎𝑛64.28571429 – 7 {2 –[2(2 ( 180°
− sin 51.42857143)]}

𝜋 51.42857143𝜋
𝐴𝑅 = 7𝑡𝑎𝑛64.28571429 – 7 [ -( − sin 51.42857143)]
2 180°

90𝜋 51.42857143𝜋
𝐴𝑅 = 7𝑡𝑎𝑛64.28571429 – 7 ( – + sin 51.42857143)
180 180°

38.57142857𝜋
𝐴𝑅 = 7𝑡𝑎𝑛64.28571429 – 7 ( 180
+ sin 51.42857143)

3𝜋
𝐴𝑅 = 7𝑡𝑎𝑛64.28571429 − −7 sin 51.42857143
2

Therefore, the value of the bounded region if 𝑛=7 and 𝑟=1 is

3𝜋
𝐴𝑅 = 7𝑡𝑎𝑛64.28571429 − 2
−7 sin 51.42857143

41
𝒏=7; 𝒓=2

We will look for the area of the bounded region 𝐴𝑅 when 𝑛=7 and 𝑟=2.

Figure 25. A regular heptagon with sides as the diameters of circles with radii
measuring 2 units

To get the area of the bounded region if 𝑛=7 and r=2, we need to subtract the area

of the 7 semicircles to the area of the heptagon. But before that, we need to subtract the

area of the pairs of circular segments from the area of the semicircles so that they won’t be

duplicated in the subtraction.

𝐴𝑅 = 𝐴𝑃 – 7 (𝐴𝑆 ) − 7 (2𝐴𝐶 )

𝐴𝑅 = 𝐴𝑃 – 7 (𝐴𝑆 - 2𝐴𝐶 ) Equation 23.

We will substitute the given values when 𝑛=7 and 𝑟=2 in the formula for the area of the

regular 𝑛-gon

𝑎
7[42 (𝑡𝑎𝑛 )]
2
𝐴𝑃 = 4

𝑎
7[16(𝑡𝑎𝑛 )]
2
𝐴𝑃 = Equation 24.
4

Substitute the value of 𝑛 in the equation for the interior angle of the polygon to look for 𝑎

(𝑛−2)180°
𝛼= 𝑛

42
 (7−2)180°
𝛼=
7

(5)180°
𝛼=
7

𝛼= 128.5714286°

We will substitute the obtained value of 𝑎 in Equation 24

128.5714286
7[16(𝑡𝑎𝑛 )]
2
𝐴𝑃 =
4

7[16(𝑡𝑎𝑛64.28571429)]
𝐴𝑃 = 4

𝐴𝑃 = 28𝑡𝑎𝑛64.28571429

The area of the semicircles if 𝑟=2 is

𝐴𝑆 = 2𝜋

Figure 26. Interior angle of a heptagon with 𝑟=2

To get the area of the circular segment. We need to get the value of ∠𝐵. Since we

know that the interior angle 𝑎 of the 𝑛-gon is 120° and is supplementary to ∠𝐵 then the

value of ∠𝐵 is 180-128.5714286, which is 51.42857143. The area of the circular

segments is now given by

43
 𝑟2 𝜋
𝐴𝐶 = ( 𝜃 − sin 𝜃)
2 180°

51.42857143𝜋
𝐴𝐶 = 2( 180°
− sin 51.42857143)

Substitute the values of 𝐴𝑃 , 𝐴𝑆 and 𝐴𝐶 in Equation 23.

𝐴𝑅 = 𝐴𝑃 – 𝑛 (𝐴𝑆 - 2𝐴𝐶 )

51.42857143𝜋
𝐴𝑅 =28𝑡𝑎𝑛64.28571429 – 7 {2𝜋 –[2(2( 180°
− sin 51.42857143)]}

51.42857143𝜋
𝐴𝑅 = 28𝑡𝑎𝑛64.28571429– 7 [2𝜋 -4( − sin 51.42857143)]
180°

360𝜋 205.7142857π
𝐴𝑅 = 28𝑡𝑎𝑛64.28571429– 7 ( – + 4sin 51.42857143)
180 180°

154.2857143𝜋
𝐴𝑅 = 28𝑡𝑎𝑛64.28571429– 7 ( 180
+ 4sin 51.42857143)

𝐴𝑅 = 28𝑡𝑎𝑛64.28571429 − 6𝜋 −28 sin 51.42857143

Therefore, the value of the bounded region if 𝑛=7 and 𝑟=2 is

𝐴𝑅 = 28𝑡𝑎𝑛64.28571429 − 6𝜋 −28 sin 51.42857143

44
 𝒏=7;𝒓=3

We will look for the area of the bounded region 𝐴𝑅 when 𝑛=7 and 𝑟=3.

Figure 27. A regular heptagon with sides as the diameters of circles with radii
measuring 3 units

To get the area of the bounded region if 𝑛=7 and 𝑟=3, we need to subtract the area

of the 7 semicircles to the area of the heptagon. But before that, we need to subtract the

area of the pairs of circular segments from the area of the semicircles so that they won’t be

duplicated in the subtraction.

𝐴𝑅 = 𝐴𝑃 – 7 (𝐴𝑆 ) − 7 (2𝐴𝐶 )

𝐴𝑅 = 𝐴𝑃 – 7 (𝐴𝑆 - 2𝐴𝐶 ) Equation 25.

We will substitute the given values when 𝑛=7 and 𝑟=3 in the formula for the area of the

regular 𝑛-gon

𝑎
7[62 (𝑡𝑎𝑛 )]
2
𝐴𝑃 =
4

𝑎
7[36(𝑡𝑎𝑛 )]
2
𝐴𝑃 = Equation 26.
4

45
Substitute the value of 𝑛 in the equation for the interior angle of the polygon to look for 𝑎

(𝑛−2)180°
𝛼=
𝑛

(7−2)180°
𝛼=
7

(5)180°
𝛼=
7

𝛼= 128.5714286°

We will substitute the obtained value of 𝑎 in Equation 26

128.5714286
7[36(𝑡𝑎𝑛 )]
2
𝐴𝑃 =
4

7[36(𝑡𝑎𝑛64.28571429)]
𝐴𝑃 =
4

𝐴𝑃 = 63𝑡𝑎𝑛64.28571429

The area of the semicircles if 𝑟=3 is

9𝜋
𝐴𝑆 = 2

Figure 28. Interior angle of a heptagon with 𝑟=3

46
 To get the area of the circular segment. We need to get the value of ∠𝐵. Since we

know that the interior angle 𝑎 of the 𝑛-gon is 120° and is supplementary to ∠𝐵 then the

value of ∠𝐵 is 180-128.5714286, which is 51.42857143.

The area of the circular segments is now given by

𝑟2 𝜋
𝐴𝐶 = 2 (180° 𝜃 − sin 𝜃)

9 51.42857143𝜋
𝐴𝐶 = ( − sin 51.42857143)
2 180°

Substitute the values of 𝐴𝑃 , 𝐴𝑆 and 𝐴𝐶 in Equation 23.

𝐴𝑅 = 𝐴𝑃 – 𝑛 (𝐴𝑆 - 2𝐴𝐶 )

9𝜋 9 51.42857143𝜋
𝐴𝑅 =63𝑡𝑎𝑛64.28571429 – 7 { –[2( ( − sin 51.42857143)]}
2 2 180°

9𝜋 51.42857143𝜋
𝐴𝑅 = 63𝑡𝑎𝑛64.28571429– 7 [ -9( − sin 51.42857143)
2 180°

810𝜋 462.8571429π
𝐴𝑅 = 63𝑡𝑎𝑛64.28571429– 7 ( 180 – 180°
+ 9sin 51.42857143)

347.1428571𝜋
𝐴𝑅 = 63𝑡𝑎𝑛64.28571429– 7 ( + 9sin 51.42857143)
180

27𝜋
𝐴𝑅 = 63𝑡𝑎𝑛64.28571429 − 2
−63 sin 51.42857143

Therefore, the value of the bounded region if 𝑛=7 and 𝑟=3 is

27𝜋
𝐴𝑅 = 63𝑡𝑎𝑛64.28571429 − 2
−63 sin 51.42857143

47
w𝒏=7;𝒓=4

We will look for the area of the bounded region 𝐴𝑅 when 𝑛=7 and 𝑟=4.

Figure 29. A regular heptagon with sides as the diameters of circles with radii
measuring 4 units

To get the area of the bounded region if 𝑛=7 and 𝑟=4, we need to subtract the area

of the semicircles to the area of the heptagon. But before that, we need to subtract the area

of the pairs of circular segments from the area of the semicircles so that they won’t be

duplicated in the subtraction.

𝐴𝑅 = 𝐴𝑃 – 7 (𝐴𝑆 ) − 7 (2𝐴𝐶 )

𝐴𝑅 = 𝐴𝑃 – 7 (𝐴𝑆 - 2𝐴𝐶 ) Equation 27

We will substitute the given values when 𝑛=7 and 𝑟=4 in the formula for the area of the

regular 𝑛-gon

𝑎
𝑛[𝑑 2 (𝑡𝑎𝑛 )]
2
𝐴𝑃 = 4

𝑎
7[64(𝑡𝑎𝑛 )]
2
𝐴𝑃 = 4
Equation 28.

48
Substitute the value of 𝑛 in the equation for the interior angle of the polygon to look for 𝑎

(𝑛−2)180°
𝛼=
𝑛

(7−2)180°
𝛼=
7

(5)180°
𝛼=
7

𝛼= 128.5714286°

We will substitute the obtained value of 𝑎 in Equation 28

128.5714286
7[64(𝑡𝑎𝑛 )]
2
𝐴𝑃 =
4

7[64(𝑡𝑎𝑛64.28571429)]
𝐴𝑃 =
4

𝐴𝑃 = 112𝑡𝑎𝑛64.28571429

The area of the semicircles if 𝑟=4 is

𝐴𝑆 = 8𝜋

Figure 30. Interior angle of a heptagon with 𝑟=4

49
 To get the area of the circular segment. We need to get the value of ∠𝐵. Since we

know that the interior angle 𝑎 of the 𝑛-gon is 128.5714286° and is supplementary to∠𝐵

then the value of ∠𝐵 is 180-128.5714286°, which is 51.4285713.

The area of the circular segments is now given by

51.4285713𝜋
𝐴𝐶 = 8( 180
− sin 51.4285713)

Substitute the values of 𝐴𝑃 , 𝐴𝑆 and 𝐴𝐶 in Equation 27.

𝐴𝑅 = 𝐴𝑃 – 𝑛 (𝐴𝑆 - 2𝐴𝐶 )

51.4285713𝜋
𝐴𝑅 = 112𝑡𝑎𝑛64.28571429– 7 {8𝜋– (2 ∗ 8( 180
− sin 51.4285713))}

51.4285713𝜋
𝐴𝑅 = 112𝑡𝑎𝑛64.28571429– 7 {8𝜋– (16( − sin 51.4285713))}
180

𝐴𝑅 = 112𝑡𝑎𝑛64.28571429– 7 {8𝜋 − 4.57142856𝜋 +16 sin 51.4285713)

𝐴𝑅 = 112𝑡𝑎𝑛64.28571429– 7 (3.42857144𝜋 + 16sin 51.4285713)

𝐴𝑅 = 112𝑡𝑎𝑛64.28571429 − 24𝜋 − 112 𝑠𝑖𝑛 51.4285713

Therefore, the value of the bounded region if 𝑛=7 and 𝑟=4 is

𝐴𝑅 = 112𝑡𝑎𝑛64.28571429 − 24𝜋 − 112 𝑠𝑖𝑛 51.4285713

𝒏=7;𝒓=5

We will look for the area of the bounded region 𝐴𝑅 when 𝑛=7 and 𝑟=5.

50
 Figure 31. A regular heptagon with sides as the diameters of circles with radii
measuring 5 units

To get the area of the bounded region if 𝑛=7 and 𝑟=5, we need to subtract the area

of the semicircles to the area of the heptagon. But before that, we need to subtract the area

of the pairs of circular segments from the area of the semicircles so that they won’t be

duplicated in the subtraction.

𝐴𝑅 = 𝐴𝑃 – 7 (𝐴𝑆 ) − 7 (2𝐴𝐶 )

𝐴𝑅 = 𝐴𝑃 – 7 (𝐴𝑆 - 2𝐴𝐶 ) Equation 29.

We will substitute the given values when 𝑛=7 and 𝑟=4 in the formula for the area of the

regular 𝑛-gon

𝑎
𝑛[𝑑 2 (𝑡𝑎𝑛 )]
2
𝐴𝑅 =
4

𝑎
7[100(𝑡𝑎𝑛 )]
2
𝐴𝑅 = Equation 30.
4

Substitute the value of 𝑛 in the equation for the interior angle of the polygon to look for 𝑎

51
 (𝑛−2)180°
𝛼= 𝑛

(7−2)180°
𝛼=
7

(5)180°
𝛼=
7

𝛼= 128.5714286°

We will substitute the obtained value of 𝑎 in Equation 30

128.5714286
7[100(𝑡𝑎𝑛 )]
2
𝐴𝑃 = 4

7[100(𝑡𝑎𝑛64.28571429)]
𝐴𝑃 = 4

𝐴𝑃 = 175𝑡𝑎𝑛64.28571429

The area of the semicircles if 𝑟=5 is

25𝜋
𝐴𝑆 =
2

Figure 32. Interior angle of a heptagon with 𝑟=5

52
 To get the area of the circular segment. We need to get the value of ∠𝐵. Since we

know that the interior angle 𝑎 of the n-gon is 128.5714286° and is supplementary to ∠𝐵

then the value of ∠𝐵 is 180-128.5714286°, which is 51.4285713.

The area of the circular segments is now given by

25 51.4285713𝜋
𝐴𝐶 = 2
( 180
− sin 51.4285713)

Substitute the values of 𝐴𝑃 , 𝐴𝑆 and 𝐴𝐶 in Equation 29.

𝐴𝑅 = 𝐴𝑃 – 𝑛 (𝐴𝑆 - 2𝐴𝐶 )

25𝜋 25 51.4285713𝜋
𝐴𝑅 = 175𝑡𝑎𝑛64.28571429– 7 { 2
– (2 ∗ 2
( 180
− sin 51.4285713))}

25𝜋 51.4285713𝜋
𝐴𝑅 = 175𝑡𝑎𝑛64.28571429– 7 { – (25( − sin 51.4285713))}
2 180

25𝜋
𝐴𝑅 = 175𝑡𝑎𝑛64.28571429– 7 { 2
− 7.142857125𝜋 +25 sin 51.4285713)

𝐴𝑅 = 175𝑡𝑎𝑛64.28571429– 7 (5.357142875𝜋 + 25sin 51.4285713)

75𝜋
𝐴𝑅 = 175𝑡𝑎𝑛64.28571429 − − 175 𝑠𝑖𝑛 51.4285713
2

Therefore, the value of the bounded region if 𝑛=7 and 𝑟=5 is

75𝜋
𝐴𝑅 = 175𝑡𝑎𝑛64.28571429 − 2
− 175 𝑠𝑖𝑛 51.4285713

53
Table 3. Area of the Bounded region in a Regular Heptagon
Radius
Area of the bounded region
𝑟of the
𝐴𝑅
Circle
3𝜋 3𝜋
7𝑡𝑎𝑛64.28571429 – − (12 )(7)𝑡𝑎𝑛64.28571429 − (12 )
1 2 2
7sin 51.42857143 − (12 )(7) 𝑠𝑖𝑛 51.42857143
3𝜋
28𝑡𝑎𝑛64.28571429 – 6𝜋 − (22 )(7)𝑡𝑎𝑛64.28571429 − (22 )
2 2
28sin 51.42857143 – (22 )(7)𝑠𝑖𝑛 51.42857143
27𝜋 3𝜋
63𝑡𝑎𝑛64.28571429 – − (32 )(7)𝑡𝑎𝑛64.28571429 – (32 ) −
3 2 2
63sin 51.42857143 (32 )(7)𝑠𝑖𝑛 51.42857143
3𝜋
112𝑡𝑎𝑛64.28571429 – (42 )(7)𝑡𝑎𝑛64.28571429 – (42 )
4 2
24𝜋 − 112sin 51.42857143 − (42 )(7)𝑠𝑖𝑛 51.42857143
3𝜋
175𝑡𝑎𝑛64.28571429 – (52 )(7)𝑡𝑎𝑛64.28571429 –(52 ) −
5 75𝜋 2
2
− 175sin 51.42857143 2
(5 )(7)𝑠𝑖𝑛 51.42857143

⋮ ⋮ ⋮

𝑟 2 3𝜋
(𝑟 2 )7𝑡𝑎𝑛64.28571429 – −
𝑟 2
2
(𝑟 )7𝑠𝑖𝑛 51.42857143

From the table above, we observed that the base of the ones that are hilighted in

pink, blue, and brown can be witten as 𝑟.

Based from observations, we have seen that the area of the bounded region when 𝑛=7

will be given by

𝑟 2 3𝜋
(𝑟 2 )7𝑡𝑎𝑛64.28571429 − − (𝑟 2 )7𝑠𝑖𝑛 51.42857143
2

54
Case IV: Octagon (𝒏=8) for any radius 𝒓

𝒏=8 ;𝒓=1

We will look for the area of the bounded region 𝐴𝑅 when 𝑛=8 and 𝑟=1.

Figure 33. A regular octagon with sides as the diameters of circles with radii
measuring 1 unit

To get the area of the bounded region if 𝑛=8 and 𝑟=1, we need to subtract the area

of the 8 semicircles to the area of the octagon. But before that, we need to subtract the area

of the pairs of circular segments from the area of the semicircles so that they won’t be

duplicated in the subtraction.

𝐴𝑅 = 𝐴𝑃 – 8 (𝐴𝑆 ) − (2𝐴𝐶 )

𝐴𝑅 = 𝐴𝑃 – 8 (𝐴𝑆 - 2𝐴𝐶 ) Equation 31.

We will substitute the given values when 𝑛=8 and 𝑟=1 in the formula for the area of the

regular 𝑛-gon

𝑎
𝑛[𝑑 2 (𝑡𝑎𝑛 )]
2
𝐴𝑃 =
4

𝑎
8[4(𝑡𝑎𝑛 )]
2
𝐴𝑃 = 4
Equation 32.

55
 Substitute the value of 𝑛 in the equation for the interior angle of the polygon to look

for 𝑎

(𝑛−2)180°
𝛼=
𝑛

(8−2)180°
𝛼= 8

(6)180°
𝛼= 8

𝛼= 135°

We will substitute the obtained value of 𝑎 in Equation 32

135
8[4(𝑡𝑎𝑛 )]
2
𝐴𝑃 =
4

8[4(𝑡𝑎𝑛67.5)]
𝐴𝑃 =
4

𝐴𝑃 = 8𝑡𝑎𝑛67.5

The area of the semicircles if 𝑟=1 is

𝜋
𝐴𝑆 =
2

Figure 34. Interior angle of a octagon with 𝑟=1

56
 To get the area of the circular segment. We need to get the value of ∠𝐵. Since we

know that the interior angle 𝑎 of the 𝑛-gon is 135° and is supplementary to ∠𝐵 then the

value of ∠𝐵 is 180-135, which is 45.

The area of the circular segments is now given by

1 45𝜋
𝐴𝐶 = 2 ( 180 − sin 45)

Substitute the values of 𝐴𝑃 , 𝐴𝑆 and 𝐴𝐶 in Equation 31.

𝐴𝑅 = 𝐴𝑃 – 𝑛 (𝐴𝑆 - 2𝐴𝐶 )

𝜋 1 45𝜋
𝐴𝑅 = 8𝑡𝑎𝑛67.5 – 8 { – (2 ∗ ( − sin 45))}
2 2 180

𝜋 45𝜋
𝐴𝑅 = 8𝑡𝑎𝑛67.5 – 8 { – + sin 45)
2 180

90𝜋 45𝜋
𝐴𝑅 = 8𝑡𝑎𝑛67.5 – 8 {180 – 180 + sin 45)

𝜋
𝐴𝑅 = 8𝑡𝑎𝑛67.5 – 8( + sin 45)
4

𝐴𝑅 = 8𝑡𝑎𝑛67.5 – 2𝜋 − 8 𝑠𝑖𝑛 45

Therefore, the value of the bounded region if 𝑛=8 and 𝑟=1 is

𝐴𝑅 = 8𝑡𝑎𝑛67.5 – 2𝜋 − 8 𝑠𝑖𝑛 45

57
𝒏=8;𝒓=2

We will look for the area of the bounded region 𝐴𝐹 when 𝑛=8 and 𝑟=2.

Figure 35. A regular octagon with sides as the diameters of circles with radii
measuring 2 units

To get the area of the bounded region if 𝑛=8 and 𝑟=2, we need to subtract the area

of the 8 semicircles to the area of the octagon. But before that, we need to subtract the area

of the pairs of circular segments from the area of the semicircles so that they won’t be

duplicated in the subtraction.

𝐴𝑅 = 𝐴𝑃 – 8 (𝐴𝑆 ) − 8(2𝐴𝐶 )

𝐴𝑅 = 𝐴𝑃 – 8 (𝐴𝑆 - 2𝐴𝐶 ) Equation 33

We will substitute the given values when 𝑛=8 and 𝑟=2 in the formula for the area of the

regular 𝑛-gon

𝑎
𝑛[𝑑 2 (𝑡𝑎𝑛 )]
2
𝐴𝑃 =
4

𝑎
8[16(𝑡𝑎𝑛 )]
2
𝐴𝑃 = Equation 34.
4

58
Substitute the value of 𝑛 in the equation for the interior angle of the polygon to look for 𝑎

(𝑛−2)180°
𝛼=
𝑛

(8−2)180°
𝛼=
8

(6)180°
𝛼=
8

𝛼= 135°

We will substitute the obtained value of 𝑎 in Equation 34

135
8[16(𝑡𝑎𝑛 )]
2
𝐴𝑃 =
4

8[16(𝑡𝑎𝑛67.5)]
𝐴𝑃 =
4

𝐴𝑃 = 32𝑡𝑎𝑛67.5

The area of the semicircles if 𝑟=2 is

𝐴𝑆 = 2𝜋

Figure 36. Interior angle of a octagon with 𝑟=2

59
 To get the area of the circular segment. We need to get the value of ∠𝐵. Since we

know that the interior angle 𝑎 of the 𝑛-gon is 135° and is supplementary to ∠𝐵 then the

value of ∠𝐵 is 180-135, which is 45.

The area of the circular segments is now given by

45𝜋
𝐴𝐶 = 2( 180 − sin 45)

Substitute the values of 𝐴𝑃 , 𝐴𝑆 and 𝐴𝐶 in Equation 33.

𝐴𝑅 = 𝐴𝑃 – 𝑛 (𝐴𝑆 - 2𝐴𝐶

45𝜋
𝐴𝑅 = 32𝑡𝑎𝑛67.5– 8 {2𝜋– (2 ∗ 2( 180 − sin 45)}

45𝜋
𝐴𝑅 = 32𝑡𝑎𝑛67.5– 8 {2𝜋 – (4( − sin 45))
180

𝐴𝑅 = 32𝑡𝑎𝑛67.5– 8 {2𝜋 – 𝜋 + 4 sin 45)

𝐴𝑅 = 32𝑡𝑎𝑛67.5– 8(𝜋 + 4sin 45)

𝐴𝑅 = 32𝑡𝑎𝑛67.5 8𝜋 − 32 𝑠𝑖𝑛 45

Therefore, the value of the bounded region if 𝑛=8 and 𝑟=2 is

𝐴𝑅 = 32𝑡𝑎𝑛67.5 8𝜋 − 32 𝑠𝑖𝑛 45

60
𝒏=8;𝒓=3

We will look for the area of the bounded region 𝐴𝐹 when 𝑛=8 and 𝑟=3.

Figure 37. A regular octagon with sides as the diameters of circles with radii
measuring 3 units

To get the area of the bounded region if 𝑛=8 and 𝑟=3, we need to subtract the area

of the 8 semicircles to the area of the octagon. But before that, we need to subtract the area

of the pairs of circular segments from the area of the semicircles so that they won’t be

duplicated in the subtraction.

𝐴𝑅 = 𝐴𝑃 – 8 (𝐴𝑆 ) − 8(2𝐴𝐶 )

𝐴𝑅 = 𝐴𝑃 – 8 (𝐴𝑆 - 2𝐴𝐶 ) Equation 35.

We will substitute the given values when 𝑛=8 and 𝑟=3 in the formula for the area of the

regular 𝑛-gon

𝑎
𝑛[𝑑 2 (𝑡𝑎𝑛 )]
2
𝐴𝑃 =
4

𝑎
8[36(𝑡𝑎𝑛 )]
2
𝐴𝑃 = Equation 36.
4

61
Substitute the value of 𝑛 in the equation for the interior angle of the polygon to look for 𝑎

(𝑛−2)180°
𝛼=
𝑛

(8−2)180°
𝛼=
8

(6)180°
𝛼=
8

𝛼= 135°

We will substitute the obtained value of 𝑎 in Equation 36

135
8[36(𝑡𝑎𝑛 )]
2
𝐴𝑃 =
4

8[36(𝑡𝑎𝑛67.5)]
𝐴𝑃 =
4

𝐴𝑃 = 72𝑡𝑎𝑛67.5

The area of the semicircles if 𝑟=3 is

9𝜋
𝐴𝑆 = 2

Figure 38. Interior angle of a octagon with 𝑟=3

62
 To get the area of the circular segment. We need to get the value of angle𝐵. Since

we know that the interior angle 𝑎 of the 𝑛-gon is 135° and is supplementary to angle 𝐵

then the value of angle 𝐵 is 180-135, which is 45.

The area of the circular segments is now given by

9 45𝜋
𝐴𝐶 = 2 ( 180 − sin 45)

Substitute the values of 𝐴𝑃 , 𝐴𝐶 and 𝐴𝑆 in Equation 35.

𝐴𝑅 = 𝐴𝑃 – 𝑛 (𝐴𝑆 - 2𝐴𝐶 )

9𝜋 9 45𝜋
𝐴𝑅 = 72𝑡𝑎𝑛67.5– 8 { 2 – (2 ∗ 2 ( 180 − sin 45)}

9𝜋 45𝜋
𝐴𝑅 = 72𝑡𝑎𝑛67.5– 8 { – (9( − sin 45))
2 180

𝜋 9𝜋
𝐴𝑅 = 72𝑡𝑎𝑛67.5– 8 {2 – 4
+ 9 sin 45)

9𝜋
𝐴𝑅 = 72𝑡𝑎𝑛67.5– 8(- 4 + 9sin 45)

𝐴𝑅 = 72𝑡𝑎𝑛67.5 − 18𝜋 − 72 𝑠𝑖𝑛 45

Therefore, the value of the bounded region if 𝑛=5 and 𝑟=3 is

𝐴𝑅 = 72𝑡𝑎𝑛67.5 − 18𝜋 − 72 𝑠𝑖𝑛 45

63
𝒏=8 ;𝒓=4

We will look for the area of the bounded region 𝐴𝐹 when 𝑛=8 and 𝑟=4.

Figure 39. A regular octagon with sides as the diameters of circles with radii
measuring 4 units

To get the area of the bounded region if 𝑛=8 and 𝑟=4, we need to subtract the area

of the 8 semicircles to the area of the octagon. But before that, we need to subtract the area

of the pairs of circular segments from the area of the semicircles so that they won’t be

duplicated in the subtraction.

𝐴𝑅 = 𝐴𝑃 – 8 (𝐴𝑆 ) − 8(2𝐴𝐶 )

𝐴𝑅 = 𝐴𝑃 – 8 (𝐴𝑆 - 2𝐴𝐶 ) Equation 37.

We will substitute the given values when 𝑛=8 and 𝑟=4 in the formula for the area of the

regular 𝑛-gon.

𝑎
𝑛[𝑑 2 (𝑡𝑎𝑛 )]
2
𝐴𝑃 =
4

64
 𝑎
8[64(𝑡𝑎𝑛 )]
2
𝐴𝑃 = Equation 38.
4

Substitute the value of 𝑛 in the equation for the interior angle of the polygon to look for 𝑎

(𝑛−2)180°
𝛼=
𝑛

(8−2)180°
𝛼=
8

(6)180°
𝛼=
8

𝛼= 135°

We will substitute the obtained value of 𝑎 in Equation 38

135
8[64(𝑡𝑎𝑛 )]
2
𝐴𝑃 =
4

8[64(𝑡𝑎𝑛67.5)]
𝐴𝑃 =
4

𝐴𝑃 = 128𝑡𝑎𝑛67.5

The area of the semicircles if 𝑟=4 is

𝐴𝑆 = 8𝜋

Figure 40. Interior angle of a octagon with 𝑟=4

65
 To get the area of the circular segment. We need to get the value of ∠𝐵. Since we

know that the interior angle 𝑎 of the 𝑛-gon is 135° and is supplementary to ∠𝐵 then the

value of ∠𝐵 is 180-135, which is 45.

The area of the circular segments is now given by

45𝜋
𝐴𝐶 = 8( 180 − sin 45)

Substitute the values of 𝐴𝑃 , 𝐴𝑆 and 𝐴𝐶 in Equation 38.

𝐴𝑅 = 𝐴𝑃 – 𝑛 (𝐴𝑆 - 2𝐴𝐶 )

45𝜋
𝐴𝑅 = 128𝑡𝑎𝑛67.5– 8 {8𝜋– (2 ∗ 8( 180 − sin 45)}

45𝜋
𝐴𝑅 = 128𝑡𝑎𝑛67.5– 8 {8𝜋 – (16( − sin 45))
180

𝐴𝑅 = 128𝑡𝑎𝑛67.5– 8 {8𝜋 – 4𝜋 + 16 sin 45)

𝐴𝑅 = 128𝑡𝑎𝑛67.5– 8(4𝜋 + 16 sin 45)

𝐴𝑅 = 128𝑡𝑎𝑛67.5 − 32𝜋 − 28 𝑠𝑖𝑛 45

Therefore, the value of the bounded region if 𝑛=8 and 𝑟=4 is

𝐴𝑅 = 128𝑡𝑎𝑛67.5 − 32𝜋 − 28 𝑠𝑖𝑛 45

66
𝒏=8;𝒓=5

We will look for the area of the bounded region 𝐴𝑅 when 𝑛=8 and 𝑟=5.

Figure 41. A regular octagon with sides as the diameters of circles with radii
measuring 5 units

To get the area of the bounded region if 𝑛=8 and 𝑟=5, we need to subtract the area

of the 8 semicircles to the area of the octagon. But before that, we need to subtract the area

of the pairs of circular segments from the area of the semicircles so that they won’t be

duplicated in the subtraction.

𝐴𝑅 = 𝐴𝑃 – 8 (𝐴𝑆 ) − 8(2𝐴𝐶 )

𝐴𝑅 = 𝐴𝑃 – 8 (𝐴𝑆 - 2𝐴𝐶 ) Equation 39

We will substitute the given values when 𝑛=8 and 𝑟=4 in the formula for the area of the

regular n-gon

𝑎
𝑛[𝑑 2 (𝑡𝑎𝑛 )]
2
𝐴𝑃 =
4

67
 𝑎
8[100(𝑡𝑎𝑛 )]
2
𝐴𝑃 = Equation 40.
4

Substitute the value of 𝑛 in the equation for the interior angle of the polygon to look for 𝑎

(𝑛−2)180°
𝛼=
𝑛

(8−2)180°
𝛼=
8

(6)180°
𝛼=
8

𝛼= 135°

We will substitute the obtained value of 𝑎 in Equation 40

135
8[100(𝑡𝑎𝑛 )]
2
𝐴𝑃 =
4

8[100(𝑡𝑎𝑛67.5)]
𝐴𝑃 =
4

𝐴𝑃 = 200𝑡𝑎𝑛67.5

The area of the semicircles if 𝑟=5 is

25𝜋
𝐴𝑆 = 2

Figure 42. Interior angle of a octagon with 𝑟=5

68
 To get the area of the circular segment. We need to get the value of ∠𝐵. Since we

know that the interior angle 𝑎 of the 𝑛-gon is 135° and is supplementary to ∠𝐵 then the

value of ∠𝐵 is 180-135, which is 45.

The area of the circular segments is now given by

25 45𝜋
𝐴𝐶 = 2
( 180 − sin 45)

Substitute the values of 𝐴𝑃 , 𝐴𝑆 and 𝐴𝐶 in Equation 39.

𝐴𝑅 = 𝐴𝑃 – 𝑛 (𝐴𝑆 - 2𝐴𝐶 )

25𝜋 25 45𝜋
𝐴𝑅 = 200𝑡𝑎𝑛67.5– 8 { 2
– (2 ∗ 2
( 180 − sin 45)}

25𝜋 45𝜋
𝐴𝑅 = 200𝑡𝑎𝑛67.5– 8 { – (25( − sin 45))
2 180

25𝜋 25𝜋
𝐴𝑅 = 200𝑡𝑎𝑛67.5– 8 { 2
– 4
+ 25 sin 45)

25𝜋
𝐴𝑅 = 200𝑡𝑎𝑛67.5– 8( +25 sin 45)
4

𝐴𝑅 = 200𝑡𝑎𝑛67.5 − 50𝜋 − 200 𝑠𝑖𝑛 45

Therefore, the value of the bounded region if 𝑛=8 and 𝑟=5 is

𝐴𝑅 = 200𝑡𝑎𝑛67.5 − 50𝜋 − 200 𝑠𝑖𝑛 45

69
Table 4. Area of the Bounded region in a Regular Octagon
Radius
𝑟 of the Area of the bounded region 𝐴𝑅
Circle
(12 )(8)𝑡𝑎𝑛67.5 − (12 )2𝜋
1 8𝑡𝑎𝑛67.5 – 2𝜋 − 8sin 45
− (12 )(8) 𝑠𝑖𝑛 45
(22 )(8)𝑡𝑎𝑛67.5 − (22 )2𝜋
2 32𝑡𝑎𝑛67.5 – 8𝜋 − 32sin 45
– (22 )(8)𝑠𝑖𝑛 45
(3 )(8)𝑡𝑎𝑛67.5 – (32 )2𝜋 −
2
3 72𝑡𝑎𝑛67.5 – 18𝜋 − 72sin 45
(32 )(8)𝑠𝑖𝑛 45
128𝑡𝑎𝑛67.5 – 32𝜋 − (4 )(8)𝑡𝑎𝑛67.5– (42 )2𝜋
2
4
128sin 45 − (42 )(8)𝑠𝑖𝑛 45
200𝑡𝑎𝑛67.5 – 50𝜋 − (52 )(8)𝑡𝑎𝑛67.5– (52 )2𝜋 −
5
200sin 45 (52 )(8)𝑠𝑖𝑛 45
⋮ ⋮ ⋮

𝑟 (𝑟 2 )8𝑡𝑎𝑛67.5 – 𝑟 2 2𝜋 − (𝑟 2 )8𝑠𝑖𝑛 45

From the table above, we observed that the base of the one that’s hilighted with

pink, blue, and brown can be witten as 𝑟.

Based from observations, we have seen that the area of the bounded region when n=8 will

be given by

(𝑟 2 )8𝑡𝑎𝑛67.5 – 𝑟 2 2𝜋 − (𝑟 2 )8𝑠𝑖𝑛 45

70
Case V: Nonagon (𝒏=9) for any radius 𝒓

𝒏=9;𝒓=1

We will look for the area of the bounded region 𝐴𝑅 when 𝑛=9 and 𝑟=1.

Figure 43. A regular nonagon with sides as the diameters of circles with radii
measuring 1 unit

To get the area of the bounded region if 𝑛=9 and 𝑟=1, we need to subtract the area

of the 9 semicircles to the area of the nonagon. But before that, we need to subtract the area

of the pairs of circular segments from the area of the semicircles so that they won’t be

duplicated in the subtraction.

𝐴𝑅 = 𝐴𝑃 – 9 (𝐴𝑆 ) − 9(2𝐴𝐶 )

𝐴𝑅 = 𝐴𝑃 – 9 (𝐴𝑆 - 2𝐴𝐶 ) Equation 41

We will substitute the given values when 𝑛=9 and 𝑟=1 in the formula for the area of the

regular 𝑛-gon

𝑎
𝑛[𝑑 2 (𝑡𝑎𝑛 )]
2
𝐴𝑃 =
4

𝑎
9[4(𝑡𝑎𝑛 )]
2
𝐴𝑃 = Equation 42.
4

Substitute the value of 𝑛 in the equation for the interior angle of the polygon to look for 𝑎

71
 (𝑛−2)180°
𝛼= 𝑛

(9−2)180°
𝛼= 9

(7)180°
𝛼= 9

𝛼= 140°

We will substitute the obtained value of 𝑎 in Equation 42

140
9[4(𝑡𝑎𝑛 )]
2
𝐴𝑃 = 4

9[4(𝑡𝑎𝑛70)]
𝐴𝑃 = 4

𝐴𝑃 = 9𝑡𝑎𝑛70

The area of the semicircles if 𝑟=1 is

𝜋
𝐴𝑆 = 2

Figure 44. Interior angle of a nonagon with 𝑟=1

72
 To get the area of the circular segment. We need to get the value of ∠𝐵. Since we

know that the interior angle 𝑎 of the 𝑛-gon is 140° and is supplementary to ∠𝐵 then the

value of ∠𝐵 is 180-135, which is 40.

The area of the circular segments is now given by

1 40𝜋
𝐴𝐶 = ( − sin 40)
2 180

Substitute the values of 𝐴𝑃 , 𝐴𝑆 and 𝐴𝐶 in Equation 41.

𝐴𝑅 = 𝐴𝑃 – 𝑛 (𝐴𝑆 - 2𝐴𝐶 )

𝜋 1 40𝜋
𝐴𝑅 = 9𝑡𝑎𝑛70– 9 { – (2 ∗ ( − sin 40)}
2 2 180

𝜋 40𝜋
𝐴𝑅 = 9𝑡𝑎𝑛70 – 9 { – + sin 40)
2 180

90𝜋 40𝜋
𝐴𝑅 = 9𝑡𝑎𝑛70– 9 {180 – 180 + sin 40)

5𝜋
𝐴𝑅 = 9𝑡𝑎𝑛70– 9( + sin 40)
18

5𝜋
𝐴𝑅 = 9𝑡𝑎𝑛70 − − 9 𝑠𝑖𝑛 40
2

Therefore, the value of the bounded region if 𝑛=9 and 𝑟=1 is

5𝜋
𝐴𝑅 = 9𝑡𝑎𝑛70 − − 9 𝑠𝑖𝑛 40
2

73
𝒏=9;𝒓=2

We will look for the area of the bounded region 𝐴𝑅 when 𝑛=9 and 𝑟=2.

Figure 45. A regular nonagon with sides as the diameters of circles with radii
measuring 2 units

To get the area of the bounded region if 𝑛=9 and 𝑟=2, we need to subtract the area

of the 9 semicircles to the area of the nonagon. But before that, we need to subtract the area

of the pairs of circular segments from the area of the semicircles so that they won’t be

duplicated in the subtraction.

𝐴𝑅 = 𝐴𝑃 – 9 (𝐴𝑆 ) − 9(2𝐴𝐶 )

𝐴𝑅 = 𝐴𝑃 – 9 (𝐴𝑆 - 2𝐴𝐶 ) Equation 43.

We will substitute the given values when 𝑛=9 and 𝑟=2 in the formula for the area of the

regular 𝑛-gon

𝑎
𝑛[𝑑 2 (𝑡𝑎𝑛 )]
2
𝐴𝑃 =
4

𝑎
9[16(𝑡𝑎𝑛 )]
2
𝐴𝑃 = Equation 44.
4

74
Substitute the value of 𝑛 in the equation for the interior angle of the polygon to look for 𝑎

(𝑛−2)180°
𝛼=
𝑛

(9−2)180°
𝛼=
9

(7)180°
𝛼=
9

𝛼= 140°

We will substitute the obtained value of 𝑎 in Equation 44

140
9[16(𝑡𝑎𝑛 )]
2
𝐴𝑃 =
4

9[16(𝑡𝑎𝑛70)]
𝐴𝑃 =
4

𝐴𝑃 = 36𝑡𝑎𝑛70

The area of the semicircles if 𝑟=2 is

𝐴𝑆 = 2𝜋

Figure 46. Interior angle of a nonagon with 𝑟=2

75
 To get the area of the circular segment. We need to get the value of ∠𝐵. Since we

know that the interior angle 𝑎 of the 𝑛-gon is 140° and is supplementary to ∠𝐵 then the

value of ∠𝐵 is 180-135, which is 40.

The area of the circular segments is now given by

40𝜋
𝐴𝐶 = 2( − sin 40)
180

Substitute the values of 𝐴𝑃 , 𝐴𝑆 and 𝐴𝐶 in Equation 43.

𝐴𝑅 = 𝐴𝑃 – 𝑛 (𝐴𝑆 - 2𝐴𝐶 )

40𝜋
𝐴𝑅 = 36𝑡𝑎𝑛70– 9 {2𝜋– (2 ∗ 2( − sin 40)}
180

40𝜋
𝐴𝑅 = 36𝑡𝑎𝑛70– 9 {2𝜋 – (4( − sin 40))
180

8𝜋
𝐴𝑅 = 36𝑡𝑎𝑛70– 9 {2𝜋 – 9
+ 4 sin 40)

10𝜋
𝐴𝑅 = 36𝑡𝑎𝑛70– 9 ( + 4sin 40)
9

𝐴𝑅 = 36𝑡𝑎𝑛70– 10𝜋 − 36 𝑠𝑖𝑛 40

Therefore, the value of the bounded region if 𝑛=9 and 𝑟=2 is

𝐴𝑅 = 36𝑡𝑎𝑛70– 10𝜋 − 36 𝑠𝑖𝑛 40

76
𝒏=9;𝒓=3

We will look for the area of the bounded region 𝐴𝑅 when 𝑛=9 and 𝑟=3.

Figure 47. A regular nonagon with sides as the diameters of circles with radii
measuring 3 units

To get the area of the bounded region if 𝑛=9 and 𝑟=3, we need to subtract the area

of the 9 semicircles to the area of the octagon. But before that, we need to subtract the area

of the pairs of circular segments from the area of the semicircles so that they won’t be

duplicated in the subtraction.

𝐴𝑅 = 𝐴𝑃 – 9 (𝐴𝑆 ) − 9(2𝐴𝐶 )

𝐴𝑅 = 𝐴𝑃 – 9 (𝐴𝑆 - 2𝐴𝐶 ) Equation 45.

We will substitute the given values when 𝑛=9 and 𝑟=1 in the formula for the area of the

regular 𝑛-gon

𝑎
𝑛[𝑑 2 (𝑡𝑎𝑛 )]
2
𝐴𝑃 = 4

77
 𝑎
9[36(𝑡𝑎𝑛 )]
2
𝐴𝑃 = Equation 46
4

Substitute the value of 𝑛 in the equation for the interior angle of the polygon to look for 𝑎

(𝑛−2)180°
𝛼=
𝑛

(9−2)180°
𝛼=
9

(7)180°
𝛼=
9

𝛼= 140°

We will substitute the obtained value of 𝑎 in Equation 46

140
9[36(𝑡𝑎𝑛 )]
2
𝐴𝑃 =
4

9[36(𝑡𝑎𝑛70)]
𝐴𝑃 =
4

𝐴𝑃 = 81𝑡𝑎𝑛70

The area of the semicircles if 𝑟=3 is

9𝜋
𝐴𝑆 =
2

Figure 48. Interior angle of a nonagon with 𝑟=3

78
 To get the area of the circular segment. We need to get the value of ∠𝐵. Since we

know that the interior angle 𝑎 of the 𝑛-gon is 140° and is supplementary to ∠𝐵 then the

value of ∠𝐵 is 180-135, which is 40.

The area of the circular segments is now given by

9 40𝜋
𝐴𝐶 = ( − sin 40)
2 180

Substitute the values of 𝐴𝑃 , 𝐴𝑆 and 𝐴𝐶 in Equation 45.

𝐴𝑅 = 𝐴𝑃 – 𝑛 (𝐴𝑆 - 2𝐴𝐶 )

9𝜋 9 40𝜋
𝐴𝑅 = 81𝑡𝑎𝑛70– 9 { – (2 ∗ ( − sin 40)}
2 2 180

9𝜋 40𝜋
𝐴𝑅 = 81𝑡𝑎𝑛70– 9 { – (9( − sin 40))
2 180

9𝜋
𝐴𝑅 = 81𝑡𝑎𝑛70– 9 { 2 – 2𝜋 + 9 sin 40)

5𝜋
𝐴𝑅 = 81𝑡𝑎𝑛70– 9 ( + 9sin 40)
2

45𝜋
𝐴𝑅 = 81𝑡𝑎𝑛70– 2
− 81 𝑠𝑖𝑛 40

Therefore, the value of the bounded region if 𝑛=9 and 𝑟=3 is

45𝜋
𝐴𝑅 = 81𝑡𝑎𝑛70– 2
− 36 𝑠𝑖𝑛 40

79
𝒏=9;𝒓=4

We will look for the area of the bounded region 𝐴𝑅 when 𝑛=9 and 𝑟=4.

Figure 49. A regular nonagon with sides as the diameters of circles with radii
measuring 4 units

To get the area of the bounded region if 𝑛=9 and 𝑟=4, we need to subtract the area

of the 9 semicircles to the area of the nonagon. But before that, we need to subtract the area

of the pairs of circular segments from the area of the semicircles so that they won’t be

duplicated in the subtraction.

𝐴𝑅 = 𝐴𝑃 – 9 (𝐴𝑆 ) − 9(2𝐴𝐶 )

𝐴𝑅 = 𝐴𝑃 – 9 (𝐴𝑆 - 2𝐴𝐶 ) Equation 47.

We will substitute the given values when 𝑛=9 and 𝑟=4 in the formula for the area of the

regular 𝑛-gon

𝑎
𝑛[𝑑 2 (𝑡𝑎𝑛 )]
2
𝐴𝑃
4

80
 𝑎
9[64(𝑡𝑎𝑛 )]
2
𝐴𝑃 = Equation 48.
4

Substitute the value of 𝑛 in the equation for the interior angle of the polygon to look for 𝑎

(𝑛−2)180°
𝛼=
𝑛

(9−2)180°
𝛼=
9

(7)180°
𝛼=
9

𝛼= 140°

We will substitute the obtained value of 𝑎 in Equation 48

140
9[64(𝑡𝑎𝑛 )]
2
𝐴𝑃 =
4

9[64(𝑡𝑎𝑛70)]
𝐴𝑃 =
4

𝐴𝑃 = 144𝑡𝑎𝑛70

The area of the semicircles if 𝑟=4 is

𝐴𝑆 = 8𝜋

Figure 50. Interior angle of a nonagon with 𝑟=4

81
 To get the area of the circular segment. We need to get the value of ∠𝐵. Since we

know that the interior angle 𝑎 of the 𝑛-gon is 140° and is supplementary to ∠𝐵 then the

value of ∠𝐵 is 180-140, which is 40.

The area of the circular segments is now given by

40𝜋
𝐴𝐶 = ( − sin 40)
180

Substitute the values of 𝐴𝑃 , 𝐴𝑆 and 𝐴𝐶 in Equation 47

𝐴𝑅 = 𝐴𝑃 – 𝑛 (𝐴𝑆 - 2𝐴𝐶 )

40𝜋
𝐴𝑅 = 144𝑡𝑎𝑛70– 9 {8𝜋– (2 ∗ 8( − sin 40)}
180

40𝜋
𝐴𝑅 = 144𝑡𝑎𝑛70– 9 {8𝜋 – (16( − sin 40))
180

32𝜋
𝐴𝑅 = 144𝑡𝑎𝑛70– 9 {8𝜋 – 9
+ 16 sin 40)

40𝜋
𝐴𝑅 = 144𝑡𝑎𝑛70– 9 ( + 16sin 40)
9

𝐴𝑅 = 144𝑡𝑎𝑛70– 40𝜋 − 144 𝑠𝑖𝑛 40

Therefore, the value of the bounded region if 𝑛=9 and 𝑟=4 is

𝐴𝑆 = 144𝑡𝑎𝑛70– 40𝜋 − 144 𝑠𝑖𝑛 40

82
n=9;r=5

We will look for the area of the bounded region 𝐴𝑅 when 𝑛=9 and 𝑟=5.

Figure 51. A regular nonagon with sides as the diameters of circles with radii
measuring 5 units

To get the area of the bounded region if 𝑛=9 and 𝑟=5, we need to subtract the area

of the 9 semicircles to the area of the nonagon. But before that, we need to subtract the area

of the pairs of circular segments from the area of the semicircles so that they won’t be

duplicated in the subtraction.

𝐴𝑅 = 𝐴𝑃 – 9 (𝐴𝑆 ) − 9(2𝐴𝐶 )

𝐴𝑅 = 𝐴𝑃 – 9 (𝐴𝑆 - 2𝐴𝐶 ) Equation 49

We will substitute the given values when 𝑛=9 and 𝑟=4 in the formula for the area of the

regular 𝑛-gon

83
 𝑎
𝑛[𝑑 2 (𝑡𝑎𝑛 )]
2
𝐴𝑃 =
4

𝑎
9[100(𝑡𝑎𝑛 )]
2
𝐴𝑃 = Equation 50
4

Substitute the value of 𝑛 in the equation for the interior angle of the polygon to look for 𝑎

(𝑛−2)180°
𝛼=
𝑛

(9−2)180°
𝛼=
9

𝛼= 140°

We will substitute the obtained value of 𝑎 in Equation 50

140
9[100(𝑡𝑎𝑛 )]
2
𝐴𝑃 =
4

9[100(𝑡𝑎𝑛70)]
𝐴𝑃 =
4

𝐴𝑃 = 225𝑡𝑎𝑛70

The area of the semicircles if 𝑟=5 is

25𝜋
𝐴𝑆 = 2

Figure 52. Interior angle of a nonagon with 𝑟=5

84
 To get the area of the circular segment. We need to get the value of ∠𝐵. Since we

know that the interior angle 𝑎 of the 𝑛-gon is 140° and is supplementary to ∠𝐵 then the

value of ∠B is 180-140, which is 40.

The area of the circular segments is now given by

25 40𝜋
𝐴𝐶 = 2
( 180 − sin 40)

Substitute the values of 𝐴𝑃 , 𝐴𝑆 and 𝐴𝐶 in Equation 49.

𝐴𝑅 = 𝐴𝑃 – 𝑛 (𝐴𝑆 - 2𝐴𝐶 )

25𝜋 25 40𝜋
𝐴𝑅 = 225𝑡𝑎𝑛70– 9 { 2
– (2 ∗ 2
( 180 − sin 40)}

25𝜋 40𝜋
𝐴𝑅 = 225𝑡𝑎𝑛70– 9 { – (25( − sin 40))
2 180

25𝜋 50𝜋
𝐴𝑅 = 225𝑡𝑎𝑛70– 9 { – + 25 sin 40)
2 9

125𝜋
𝐴𝑅 = 225𝑡𝑎𝑛70– 9 ( 18
+ 25sin 40)

125𝜋
𝐴𝑅 = 225𝑡𝑎𝑛70– − 225 𝑠𝑖𝑛 40
2

Therefore, the value of the bounded region if 𝑛=9 and 𝑟=5 is

125𝜋
𝐴𝑅 = 225𝑡𝑎𝑛70– − 225 𝑠𝑖𝑛 40
2

85
Table 5. Area of the Bounded region in a Regular Nonagon
Radius
Area of the bounded
𝑟 of the
region𝐴𝑅
Circle
5𝜋 5𝜋
1 9𝑡𝑎𝑛70– − 9sin 40 (12 )(9)𝑡𝑎𝑛70 − (12 ) − (12 )(9) 𝑠𝑖𝑛 40
2 2
5𝜋
2 36𝑡𝑎𝑛70 – 10𝜋 − 36sin 40 (22 )(9)𝑡𝑎𝑛70 − (22 ) – (22 )(9)𝑠𝑖𝑛 40
2

5𝜋
45𝜋 (32 )(9)𝑡𝑎𝑛70 – (32 ) − (32 )(9)𝑠𝑖𝑛 40
3 81𝑡𝑎𝑛70 – 2
− 81sin 40 2

5𝜋
144𝑡𝑎𝑛70– 40𝜋 − (42 )(9)𝑡𝑎𝑛70– (42 ) − (42 )(9)𝑠𝑖𝑛 40
4 2
144sin 40
125𝜋 5𝜋
225𝑡𝑎𝑛70– − (52 )(9)𝑡𝑎𝑛70– (52 ) − (52 )(9)𝑠𝑖𝑛 40
5 2 2
225sin 40

From the table above, we observed that the base of the one that’s hilighted with

pink, blue, and brown can be witten as 𝑟.

Based from observations, we have seen that the area of the bounded region when 𝑛=9 will

be given by

5𝜋
(𝑟 2 )9𝑡𝑎𝑛70 – 𝑟 2 − (𝑟 2 )9𝑠𝑖𝑛 40
2

86
Table 6: Area of the bounded region from 𝑛=5-9 and 𝑟=1-5
Number of Area of the bounded region
sides 𝑛 𝐴𝑅
𝑟2𝜋 𝜋
5 (𝑟 2 )5𝑡𝑎𝑛54 – 2 (𝑟 2 )(5)𝑡𝑎𝑛54 –[𝑟 2 (5 − 4)( )] −
2
– (𝑟 2 )5𝑠𝑖𝑛 72 (𝑟 2 )(5)𝑠𝑖𝑛 72
𝜋
6 (𝑟 2 )6𝑡𝑎𝑛60 – 𝑟 2 𝜋 (𝑟 2 )(6)𝑡𝑎𝑛60 – [𝑟 2 (6 − 4)( )]
2
− (𝑟 2 )6𝑠𝑖𝑛 60 − (𝑟 2 )(6)𝑠𝑖𝑛 60
7 (𝑟 2 )7𝑡𝑎𝑛64.28571429 (𝑟 2 )(7)𝑡𝑎𝑛64.28571429 − [𝑟 2 (7 −
𝑟 2 3𝜋 𝜋
− 2 4)( )] – (𝑟 2 )(7)𝑠𝑖𝑛 51.42857143
2
− (𝑟 2 )7𝑠𝑖𝑛 51.42857143
𝜋
8 (𝑟 2 )8𝑡𝑎𝑛67.5 – 𝑟 2 2𝜋 − (𝑟 2 )(8)𝑡𝑎𝑛67.5 – [𝑟 2 (8 − 4)( )] −
2
(𝑟 2 )8𝑠𝑖𝑛 45 (𝑟 2 )(8)𝑠𝑖𝑛 45
5𝜋 𝜋
9 (𝑟 2 )9𝑡𝑎𝑛70 – 𝑟 2 − (𝑟 2 )(9)𝑡𝑎𝑛70 – [𝑟 2 (9 − 4)( )] −
2 2
2
(𝑟 2 )9𝑠𝑖𝑛 40 (𝑟 )(9)𝑠𝑖𝑛 40

We observed that the values highlighted in red can be written as 𝑛. And the value

of the angle in the trigonometric function sine in the formulas can be written as (180-𝑎).

The value of the angle in the trigonometric function tangent in the formulas can be written

𝑎 (𝑛−2)180°
as 2 where a is the interior angle of the regular n-gon. 𝑎 = 𝑛
.

So the general formula of the area of the region bounded by intersecting circles with sides

of a regular 𝑛-gon as their diameters is given by

(𝑛−2)180° 𝜋 (𝑛−2)180°
𝑟 2 𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑛 – [𝑟 2 (𝑛 − 4)( )] − 𝑟 2 𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑛(180 − )
2𝑛 2 𝑛

87
Conjecture

The area of the region bounded by intersecting circles with sides of a regular 𝑛-gon as their

diameters is given by

(𝑛−2)180° 𝜋 (𝑛−2)180°
𝑟 2 𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑛 – [𝑟 2 (𝑛 − 4)( )] − 𝑟 2 𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑛(180 − )
2𝑛 2 𝑛

Test of Conjecture

We will try the equation if it is true for 𝑛 are 𝑟. First we will solve for the area using the

process used in the exploration then we will solve for the area using the conjecture. After,

we will compare and see if they are the same.

𝒏= 12;𝒓= 2

Using the Exploration:

To get the area of the bounded region if 𝑛=12 and 𝑟=2, we need to subtract the area

of the 12 semicircles to the area of the 12-gon. But before that, we need to subtract the area

of the pairs of circular segments from the area of the semicircles so that they won’t be

duplicated in the subtraction.

𝐴𝑅 = 𝐴𝑃 – 12 ( 𝐴𝑆 )-12(2 𝐴𝐶 )

𝐴𝑅 = 𝐴𝑃 – 12 ( 𝐴𝑆 - 2 𝐴𝐶 ) Equation 51.

We will substitute the given values when 𝑛=12 and 𝑟=2 in the formula for the area of the

regular 𝑛-gon

𝑎
𝑛[𝑑 2 (𝑡𝑎𝑛 )]
2
𝐴𝑃 = 4

88
 𝑎
12[16(𝑡𝑎𝑛 )]
2
𝐴𝑃 = Equation 52.
4

Substitute the value of 𝑛 in the equation for the interior angle of the polygon to look for 𝑎

(𝑛−2)180°
𝛼=
𝑛

(12−2)180°
𝛼=
12

(10)180°
𝛼=
12

𝛼= 150°

We will substitute the obtained value of 𝑎 in Equation 52.

150
12[16(𝑡𝑎𝑛 )]
2
𝐴𝑃 = 4

12[16(𝑡𝑎𝑛75)]
𝐴𝑃 = 4

𝐴𝑃 = 48𝑡𝑎𝑛75

The area of the semicircles if 𝑟=2 is

𝐴𝑆 = 2𝜋

89
 Figure 53. Interior angle of a dodecagon with 𝑟=2

To get the area of the circular segment, we need to get the value of ∠𝐵. Since we

know that the interior angle 𝑎 of the 𝑛-gon is 150° and is supplementary to ∠𝐵 then the

value of ∠B is 180-150, which is 30.

The area of the circular segments is now given by

30𝜋
𝐴𝐶 = 2( − sin 30)
180

Substitute the values of 𝐴𝑃 , 𝐴𝑆 and 𝐴𝐶 in Equation 51.

𝐴𝑅 = 𝐴𝑃 – 𝑛 ( 𝐴𝑆 - 2 𝐴𝐶 )

30𝜋
𝐴𝑅 = 48𝑡𝑎𝑛75– 12 {2𝜋– (2 ∗ 2( − sin 30)}
180

30𝜋
𝐴𝑅 = 48𝑡𝑎𝑛75– 12 {2𝜋 – (4( 180 − sin 30))}

2𝜋
𝐴𝑅 = 48𝑡𝑎𝑛75– 12 {2𝜋 – + 4 sin 30)
3

4𝜋
𝐴𝑅 = 48𝑡𝑎𝑛75– 12 ( + 4sin 30)
3

90
 𝐴𝑅 = 48𝑡𝑎𝑛75– 16𝜋 − 48 𝑠𝑖𝑛 30

Therefore, the value of the bounded region if 𝑛=12 and 𝑟=2 is

𝐴𝑅 = 48𝑡𝑎𝑛75– 16𝜋 − 48 𝑠𝑖𝑛 30

Using the conjecture, we will solve the area of the bounded region 𝐴𝑅 by the intersecting

circles with sides of a regular 𝑛-gon as their diameters.

(𝑛−2)180 𝜋 (𝑛−2)180
𝐴𝑅 = 𝑟 2 𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑛 – [𝑟 2 (𝑛 − 4)( )] − 𝑟 2 𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑛(180 − ) Equation 53
2𝑛 2 𝑛

We will just substitute the values of 𝑛 and 𝑟 which is 12 and 2 respectively in Equation 53.

(𝑛−2)180 𝜋 (𝑛−2)180
𝐴𝑅 = 𝑟 2 𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑛 – [𝑟 2 (𝑛 − 4) ( )] − 𝑟 2 𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑛 (180 − )
2𝑛 2 𝑛

(12−2)180 𝜋 (12−2)180
𝐴𝑅 = (22 )12𝑡𝑎𝑛 2(12)
– [(22 )(12 − 4) ( 2 )] − (22 )12𝑠𝑖𝑛 (180 − 12
)

1800 𝜋 1800
𝐴𝑅 = (4)12𝑡𝑎𝑛 – [(4)(8) ( )] − (4)12𝑠𝑖𝑛 (180 − )
24 2 12

𝜋
𝐴𝑅 = (4)12𝑡𝑎𝑛75 – [(4)(8)( )] − (4)12𝑠𝑖𝑛(30)
2

𝜋
𝐴𝑅 = 48𝑡𝑎𝑛75 – [(32)( )] − 48 𝑠𝑖𝑛(30)
2

𝐴𝑅 = 48𝑡𝑎𝑛75 – 16𝜋 − 48 𝑠𝑖𝑛 30

𝐴𝑅 = 48𝑡𝑎𝑛75– 16𝜋 − 48 𝑠𝑖𝑛 30 = 𝐴𝑅 = 48𝑡𝑎𝑛75– 16𝜋 − 48 𝑠𝑖𝑛 30

91
𝒏=18;𝒓=8

Using the Exploration:

To get the area of the bounded region 𝐴𝑅 if 𝑛=18 and 𝑟=8, we need to subtract the

area of the 12 semicircles to the area of the 18-gon. But before that, we need to subtract the

area of the pairs of circular segments from the area of the semicircles so that they won’t be

duplicated in the subtraction.

𝐴𝑅 = 𝐴𝑃 – 18 ( 𝐴𝑆 )-18(2 𝐴𝐶 )

𝐴𝑅 = 𝐴𝑃 – 18 ( 𝐴𝑃 - 2 𝐴𝐶 ) Equation 54.

We will substitute the given values when 𝑛=18 and 𝑟=8 in the formula for the area of the

regular 𝑛-gon

𝑎
𝑛[𝑑 2 (𝑡𝑎𝑛 )]
2
𝐴𝑃 = 4

𝑎
18[256(𝑡𝑎𝑛 )]
2
𝐴𝑃 = Equation 55.
4

Substitute the value of 𝑛 in the equation for the interior angle of the polygon to look for 𝑎

(𝑛−2)180°
𝛼=
𝑛

(18−2)180°
𝛼=
18

(16)180°
𝛼=
18

𝛼= 160°

92
We will substitute the obtained value of 𝑎 in Equation 55.

160
18[256(𝑡𝑎𝑛 )]
2
𝐴𝑃 = 4

18[256(𝑡𝑎𝑛80)]
𝐴𝑃 = 4

𝐴𝑃 = 1152𝑡𝑎𝑛80

The area of the semicircles if 𝑟=8 is

𝐴𝑆 = 32𝜋

Figure 54. Interior angle of an 18-gon with 𝑟=8

To get the area of the circular segment, we need to get the value of ∠𝐵. Since we

know that the interior angle 𝑎 of the 𝑛-gon is 160° and is supplementary to ∠𝐵 then the

value of ∠B is 180-160, which is 20.

The area of the circular segments is now given by

20𝜋
𝐴𝐶 = 32( − sin 20)
180

93
Substitute the values of 𝐴𝑃 , 𝐴𝑆 and 𝐴𝐶 in Equation 54.

𝐴𝑅 = 𝐴𝑃 – 𝑛 (𝐴𝑆 - 2𝐴𝐶 )

20𝜋
𝐴𝑅 = 1152𝑡𝑎𝑛80– 18 {32𝜋– (2 ∗ 32( 180 − sin 20)}

20𝜋
𝐴𝑅 = 1152𝑡𝑎𝑛80– 18 {32𝜋 – (64( − sin 20))}
180

64𝜋
𝐴𝑅 = 1152𝑡𝑎𝑛80– 18 {32𝜋 – 9
+ 64 sin 20)

224𝜋
𝐴𝑅 = 1152𝑡𝑎𝑛80– 18 ( + 6 4sin 20)
9

𝐴𝑅 = 1152𝑡𝑎𝑛80– 488𝜋 − 1152 𝑠𝑖𝑛 20

Therefore, the value of the bounded region if 𝑛=18 and 𝑟=8 is

𝐴𝑅 = 1152𝑡𝑎𝑛80– 488𝜋 − 1152 𝑠𝑖𝑛 20

Using the conjecture, we will solve the area of the bounded region 𝐴𝑅 by the intersecting

circles with sides of a regular 𝑛-gon as their diameters.

(𝑛−2)180 𝜋 (𝑛−2)180
𝐴𝑅 = 𝑟 2 𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑛 2𝑛
– [𝑟 2 (𝑛 − 4) ( 2 )] − 𝑟 2 𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑛 (180 − 𝑛
) Equation 56

We will just substitute the values of 𝑛 and 𝑟 which is 18 and 8 respectively in Equation 56.

(𝑛−2)180 𝜋 (𝑛−2)180
𝐴𝑅 = 𝑟 2 𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑛 – [𝑟 2 (𝑛 − 4) ( )] − 𝑟 2 𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑛 (180 − )
2𝑛 2 𝑛

(18−2)180 𝜋 (18−2)180
𝐴𝑅 = (82 )18𝑡𝑎𝑛 2(18)
– [(82 )(18 − 4) ( 2 )] − (82 )18𝑠𝑖𝑛 (180 − 18
)

(16)180 𝜋 (10)180
𝐴𝑅 = (64)18𝑡𝑎𝑛 24
– [(64)(14) ( 2 )] − (4)18𝑠𝑖𝑛 (180 − 12
)

94
 𝜋
𝐴𝐹 = (64)18𝑡𝑎𝑛80 – [(64)(14)( 2 )] − (64)18𝑠𝑖𝑛(20)

𝜋
𝐴𝑅 = 1152𝑡𝑎𝑛80 – [(896)( 2 )] − 1152 𝑠𝑖𝑛(20)

𝐴𝑅 = 1152𝑡𝑎𝑛80 − 448𝜋 − 1152 𝑠𝑖𝑛 20

𝐴𝑅 = 1152𝑡𝑎𝑛80 − 448𝜋 − 1152 𝑠𝑖𝑛 20 = 𝐴𝑅 = 1152𝑡𝑎𝑛80 − 448𝜋 − 1152 𝑠𝑖𝑛 20

From these tests, we can observe that the values using the exploration and the

conjecture are the same. Therefore, the area of the 𝑛th bounded region when the circles

intersect to form symmetrical lenses with sides of a regular 𝑛-gon as their diameters is true

for 𝑛 and 𝑟.

95
 CHAPTER III

Theorem. The area of the bounded region 𝐴𝐹 by circles forming symmetrical lenses with

their diameters as the sides of a regular 𝑛-gon is given by

(𝑛 − 2)180° 𝜋 (𝑛 − 2)180°
𝐴𝑅 = 𝑟 2 𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑛 − [𝑟 2 (𝑛 − 4)( )] − 𝑟 2 𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑛(180 − )
2𝑛 2 𝑛

Proof

We let 𝑛th 𝑛-gon to be the largest possible 𝑛-gon, and 𝑟 to be the highest possible

radius. To get the area of the 𝑛th bounded region, we need to subtract the area of

the 𝑛 semicircles to the area of the 𝑛-gon. But before that, we need to subtract the area of

the pairs of 𝑛 circular segments from the area of the semicircles so that they won’t be

duplicated in the subtraction.

𝐴𝑅 = 𝐴𝑃 – n (𝐴𝑆 - 2𝐴𝐶 )

(𝑛−2)180°
Note that 𝑎=
𝑛

The area of the 𝑛-gon is given by

𝑎
𝑛[4𝑟 2 (𝑡𝑎𝑛 )]
𝐴𝑃 = 2
4

The area of the semicircles is given by

𝑛𝜋𝑟 2
𝐴𝑆 =
2

96
The area of the circular segments is given by

𝜋
𝐴𝐶 = 𝑛𝑟 2 ( 𝜃 − sin 𝜃)
180°

𝜋
𝐴𝐶 = 𝑛𝑟 2 (180° (180 − 𝑎) − sin(180 − 𝑎)]

Substitute the values in

𝐴𝑅 = 𝐴𝑃 – 𝑛 (𝐴𝑆 - 2𝐴𝐶 )

So,

𝑎
𝑛[4𝑟 2 (𝑡𝑎𝑛 )] 𝑛𝜋𝑟 2 𝜋
𝐴𝑅 = 4
2
−{ 2
− 𝑛𝑟 2 [(180° (180 − 𝑎) − sin(180 − 𝑎)]

𝑎 𝑛𝜋𝑟 2 𝑛𝜋𝑟 2
𝐴𝑅 =𝑟 2 𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑛 2 − [ 2
− 180°
(180 − 𝑎) + 𝑟 2 nsin(180 − 𝑎)]

𝑎 𝑛𝜋𝑟 2 𝑎𝑛𝜋𝑟 2
𝐴𝑅 =𝑟 2 𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑛 2 − [ 2
− 𝑛𝜋𝑟 2 + 180°
+ 𝑟 2 nsin(180 − 𝑎)]

(𝑛−2)180°
𝑎 𝑛𝜋𝑟 2 𝑛𝜋𝑟 2
𝐴𝑅 =𝑟 2 𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑛 2 − [− 2
+ 𝑛
180°
+ 𝑟 2 n sin(180 − 𝑎)]

𝑎 𝑛𝜋𝑟 2
𝐴𝑅 =𝑟 2 𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑛 − [− + 𝑛𝜋𝑟 2 − 2𝜋𝑟 2 + 𝑟 2 nsin(180 − 𝑎)
2 2

𝑎 𝑛𝜋𝑟 2
𝐴𝑅 =𝑟 2 𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑛 2 − [ 2
− 2𝜋𝑟 2 + 𝑟 2 nsin(180 − 𝑎)

𝑎 𝑛𝜋𝑟 2
𝐴𝑅 =𝑟 2 𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑛 2 + 2𝜋𝑟 2 − 2
− 𝑟 2 nsin(180 − 𝑎)

𝑎 𝑛𝜋𝑟 2
𝐴𝑅 =𝑟 2 𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑛 − [−2𝜋𝑟 2 + ] − 𝑟 2 nsin(180 − 𝑎)
2 2

𝑎 𝜋
𝐴𝑅 =𝑟 2 𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑛 − [( ) − 4𝑟 2 + 𝑛𝑟 2 ] − 𝑟 2 nsin(180 − 𝑎)
2 2

97
 𝑎 𝜋
𝐴𝑅 =𝑟 2 𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑛 2 − [𝑟 2 (𝑛 − 4)( 2 )] − 𝑟 2 nsin(180 − 𝑎)

(𝑛 − 2)180 𝜋 (𝑛 − 2)180
𝐴𝑅 = 𝑟 2 𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑛 − [𝑟 2 (𝑛 − 4)( )] − 𝑟 2 𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑛(180 − )
2𝑛 2 𝑛

Conclusion

We can conclude that the area of the region bounded by circles forming symmetrical lenses

𝐴𝑅 with their diameters as the sides of a regular 𝑛-gon is given by

(𝑛−2)180° 𝜋 (𝑛−2)180°
𝑟 2 𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑛 − [𝑟 2 (𝑛 − 4)( )] − 𝑟 2 𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑛(180 − )
2𝑛 2 𝑛

Reccomendations

For those who are interested in this kind of study, the researchers can recommend

you to find the area of the bounded area if you repeat the process inside of the bounded

region of the prior 𝑛-gon.

The researchers can also suggest you to find for the general equation for the

perimeter of the bounded region.

98
 Bibliography

[1] Law of Sines retrieved from

https://www.mathsisfun.com/algebra/trig-sine-law.html

[2] Area of regular polygons

http://www.mathopenref.com/polygonregulararea.html

[3] Interior angle of a regular polygon

www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/maths/geometry/polygonsrev4.shtml

99