Professional Documents
Culture Documents
The first Academy Awards presentation was held on 16 May 1929, at a private
dinner function at the Hollywood Roosevelt Hotel with an audience of about 270
people. The post-awards party was held at the Mayfair Hotel.[8] The cost of guest
tickets for that night's ceremony was $5 ($73 in 2018 dollars). Fifteen statuettes
were awarded, honoring artists, directors and other participants in the film-making
industry of the time, for their works during the 1927–28 period. The ceremony ran
for 15 minutes.
The best known award is the Academy Award of Merit, more popularly known as
the Oscar statuette.[10] Made of gold-plated bronze on a black metal base, it is
13.5 in (34.3 cm) tall, weighs 8.5 lb (3.856 kg), and depicts a knight rendered in
Art Deco style holding a crusader's sword standing on a reel of film with five
spokes. The five spokes represent the original branches of the Academy: Actors,
Writers, Directors, Producers, and Technicians.[11]
The model for the statuette is said to be Mexican actor Emilio "El Indio"
Fernández.[12] Sculptor George Stanley (who also did the Muse Fountain at the
Hollywood Bowl) sculpted Cedric Gibbons' design. The statuettes presented at the
initial ceremonies were gold-plated solid bronze
The first Best Actor awarded was Emil Jannings, for his performances in The Last
Command and The Way of All Flesh. He had to return to Europe before the
ceremony, so the Academy agreed to give him the prize earlier; this made him the
first Academy Award winner in history Jannings received the award for two movies
in which he starred during that period, and Janet Gaynor later won a single Oscar
for performances in three films.
At the 29th ceremony, held on 27 March 1957, the Best Foreign Language Film
category was introduced. Until then, foreign-language films had been honored with
the Special Achievement Award.
The 74th Academy Awards, held in 2002, presented the first Academy Award for
Best Animated Feature.[9]
John Constable, RA (/ˈkʌnstəbəl, ˈkɒn-/;[1] 11 June 1776 – 31 March 1837) was
an English landscape painter in the naturalistic tradition. Born in Suffolk, he is
known principally for his landscape paintings of Dedham Vale, the area
surrounding his home – now known as "Constable Country" – which he invested
with an intensity of affection. "I should paint my own places best", he wrote to his
friend John Fisher in 1821, "painting is but another word for feeling".[2]
Constable's most famous paintings include Wivenhoe Park of 1816, Dedham Vale
of 1802 and The Hay Wain of 1821.[3] Although his paintings are now among the
most popular and valuable in British art, he was never financially successful. He
became a member of the establishment after he was elected to the Royal Academy
at the age of 52. His work was embraced in France, where he sold more than in his
native England and inspired the Barbizon school.
Constable quietly rebelled against the artistic culture that taught artists to use their
imagination to compose their pictures rather than nature itself. He told Leslie,
"When I sit down to make a sketch from nature, the first thing I try to do is to
forget that I have ever seen a picture".[20]
Среди наиболее известных картин Констебла - Парк Уивенхоу 1816 года, Дедхам Вейл 1802
года и Хей Уэйн 1821 года. [3] Хотя его картины сейчас являются одними из самых
популярных и ценных в британском искусстве, он никогда не был финансово успешным.
Он стал членом истеблишмента после того, как был избран в Королевскую академию в
возрасте 52 лет. Его работа была распространена во Франции, где он продал больше, чем в
своей родной Англии, и вдохновил школу Барбизона .
Одна из первых крупных работ Констебла, Дедхам Вейл, была написана, когда ему было 26
лет. Четыре года назад он поступил в Школы Королевской академии после того, как
убедил своего отца позволить ему продолжить свою художественную карьеру. Даже на
этой ранней стадии его карьеры эстетика Констебля очевидна: пристальное наблюдение за
природой, особенно за небом, стилем, который французский автор Стендаль позже назвал
бы «зеркалом природы». Констебль родился и вырос в Восточном Бергхольте в Саффолке,
в долине Дедхам долины Стур. Сегодня они называют район «Страна Констебля», так как
многие из его величайших работ показывают местные сцены: «Я должен лучше рисовать
свои места», - однажды написал он. На картине вы можете увидеть церковь Дедхам вдали
от извилистой реки.