Question 3

𝑉𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑒𝑠:
𝑇∞ = 30℃
𝑉1 = 2𝑚/𝑠
𝑣2 = 4𝑚/𝑠
𝑇𝑠 = 10℃ D=0.25m
𝑣3 = 6𝑚/𝑠

L= 19m

𝑄 = ℎ𝐴(𝑇∞ − 𝑇𝑠 ) From table A-15 at T=20℃, 𝐴 = 𝜋𝐷𝐿

𝑇∞ + 𝑇𝑠 𝑘 = 0.02514𝑊/𝑚𝐾 𝐴 = 𝜋(0.25)(19)
𝑇𝑓 =
2
𝜇 = 1.825 × 10−5 𝑘𝑔/𝑚3 𝐴 = 14.92𝑚2
30 + 10
𝑇𝑓 = 𝜌 = 1.204𝑘𝑔/𝑚3
2
𝑇𝑓 = 20℃ 𝑣 = 1.516 × 10−5 𝑚3 /𝑠
𝑃𝑟 = 0.7309

Natural Convection. 1
𝛽=
𝑔𝛽(𝑇𝑠 − 𝑇∞ )𝐿3𝑐 𝑇𝑓
𝑅𝑎 = [ ] . (𝑃𝑟 )
𝑟2 1
𝛽=
20 + 273
(9.81)(3.4 × 10−3 )(30 − 10)(0.253 )
𝑅𝑎 = [ ] . (0.7309) 𝛽 = 3.4 × 10−3
(1.516 × 10−5 )2
𝑅𝑎 = 33.14 × 106

2 𝑁𝑢 𝑘
ℎ=
1
𝐿
0.387 𝑅𝑎6 (40.59)(0.02514)
𝑁𝑢 = 0.6 + 8 ℎ=
9 27 0.25
0.559 16
ℎ = 4.0817 𝑊/𝑚2 𝐾
[1 + ( 𝑃 ) ]
[ 𝑟 ]
𝑄 = ℎ𝐴(𝑇∞ − 𝑇𝑠 )
2
𝑄 = (4.0817)(14.92)(30-10)

0.387(33.14 × 106 )1/6 𝑄 = 1217.988 𝑊

𝑁𝑢 = 0.6 + 8
9 27
0.559 16
[1 + (0.7309) ]
[ ]
𝑁𝑢 = 40.59
Forced Convection.

𝜌𝑉𝐷
𝑅𝑒 =
𝜇
𝑽𝟏 = 𝟐𝒎/𝒔
𝑽𝟐 = 𝟒𝒎/𝒔
𝑽𝟑 = 𝟔𝒎/𝒔
(1.204)(2)(0.25)
𝑅𝑒 1 =
1.825 × 10−5
𝑅𝑒 1 = 3.3 × 104
𝑅𝑒 2 = 6.6 × 104
𝑅𝑒 3 = 9.9 × 104

1 1
0.62(𝑅𝑒 )2 (𝑃𝑟 )3
𝑁𝑢 = 0.3 + 1/4
0.4 2
[1 + ( 𝑃 ) 3 ]
𝑟

1 1
4
0.62(3.3 × 10 )2 (0.7309)3
𝑁𝑢 1 = 0.3 + 1/4
0.4 2
[1 + (0.7309) 3 ]

𝑁𝑢 1 = 107.857
𝑁𝑢 2 = 165.943
𝑁𝑢 3 = 216.516
 ℎ𝐿 𝑘 = 0.02514 𝑊/𝑚𝐾 𝐿 = 0.25 𝑚
𝑁𝑢 =
𝑘
𝑁𝑢 𝑘
ℎ=
𝐿
(109.857)(0.02514)
ℎ1 =
0.25
ℎ1 = 11.04 𝑊/𝑚2 𝐾
ℎ2 = 16.77 𝑊/𝑚2 𝐾
ℎ3 = 21.77 𝑊/𝑚2 𝐾

𝑄 = ℎ𝐴(𝑇∞ − 𝑇𝑠 )
𝑄1 = (11.04)(14.92)(30-10)
𝑄1 = 3294.340 𝑊
𝑄2 = 5004.168 𝑊
𝑄3 = 6496.168 𝑊
 Natural convection Forced convection

V (m/s) 0 2 4 6

Q (W) 1217.988 3294.340 5004.168 6496.168

𝑅𝑎 and 𝑅𝑒 𝑅𝑎 = 33.14 × 106 𝑅𝑒 1 = 3.3 × 104 𝑅𝑒 2 = 6.6 × 104 𝑅𝑒 3 = 9.9 × 104

Nusselt number 𝑁𝑢 = 40.59 𝑁𝑢 1 = 107.857 𝑁𝑢 2 = 165.943 𝑁𝑢 3 = 216.516

h (W/𝑚2 𝐾) - ℎ1 = 11.04 ℎ2 = 16.77 ℎ3 = 21.77

Table 3: forced and natural convection.

VELOCITY(M/S) VS Q(W)
7000 6496.168

6000

5004.168
5000

4000
3294.34
Q,W

3000

2000
1217.98

1000

0
1 2 3 4
VELOCITY,M/S

Figure 3: heat transfer, Q (W) versus velocity, V (m/s)