Kerala Police Act 2011 PDF

2011˛se 8˛mw BIv‰v
2011˛se tIcf t]meokv BIv‰v
tIcf kwÿm\sØ t]meokv tk\bpsS cq]oIcWhpw

\nb{¥Whpw A[nImcßfpw I¿Øhyßfpw kw_‘n®
\nbaw t{ImUoIcn°p∂Xn\pw t`ZKXn sNøp∂Xn\pw
AXpambn _‘s∏´Xpw AXn\v B\pjwKnIhpamb
Imcyßƒ°pwth≠nbpff
Hcp
BIv‰v
]oTnI.-˛ cmjv{SØns‚ AJWvUXbpw kpc£nXXzhpw kwc£n°p∂Xn\pw, Hmtcm
]uct‚bpw Poh\pw kzØn\pw kzmX{¥yØn\pw A¥ n\pw a\pjymhImißƒ°pw
`cWLS\m\pkrXamb ]cnKW\ \¬In bYmhn[nbpff kpXmcyXtbmSpIqSn \nbahmgvN
Dd∏m°p∂Xn\pw sXmgn¬ sshZKv≤yapffXpw ]cnioen∏n°s∏´Xpw ss\]pWyhpw
A®S°hpw A¿∏Wt_m[hpw DffXpamb Hcp t]meokv kwhn[m\w G¿s∏SptØ≠Xv
bp‡ambncn°pIbmepw;
aXnbmbXpw hyhÿm]nXhpw Bb A[nImcßfpw DØchmZnXzßfpw \¬In,
t]meokns\ Imcy£aXtbmSpIqSn A[nImcßƒ hn\ntbmKn°phm\pw I¿Øhyßƒ
\n¿Δln°phm\pw {]m]vXcmt°≠Xv Bhiyambncn°pIbmepw;
B[p\nI P\m[n]Xy kaqlØn\v A\ptbmPyambn {]h¿Øn°p∂Xpw
P\kulm¿±hpw {Iakam[m\hpw \ne\n¿Øp∂Xpamb Hcp t]meokv kwhn[m\w
th≠Xn\mepw;
t]meokn¬ \n£n]vXamb A[nImcßƒ Zp¿hn\ntbmKw sNøs∏Sp∂n√sb∂pw
t]meokns‚ {]h¿Ø\ßƒ hyhÿm]nXhpw Imcy£ahpamb \nb{¥Wßƒ°v
hnt[bamsW∂v Dd∏phcptØ≠Xv AXy¥mt]£nXambXn\mepw;
Ct∏mƒ, AXn\m¬, tIcf kwÿm\sØ t]meokv tk\bpsS cq]oIcWhpw
\nb{¥Whpw A[nImchpw I¿Øhyßfpw kw_‘n® \nbaw t{ImUoIcn°p∂Xpw
t`ZKXnsNøp∂Xpw A\pt]£WobambXn\mepw;
`mcX dn∏ªn°ns‚ Adp]Ønsbm∂mw kwh’cØn¬ C\n ]dbpw {]Imcw
\nbaap≠m°p∂p:˛
A≤ymbw˛1
{]mcw`w
1. Npcp°t∏cpw, hym]vXnbpw, {]mcw`hpw:-˛(1) Cu BIv‰n\v 2011 se tIcf t]meokv
BIv‰v, F∂v t]cv ]dbmw.
(2) CXn\v tIcf kwÿm\w apgph≥ hym]vXnbp≠mbncn°p∂XmWv.
(3) CXv DS≥ {]m_eyØn¬ hcp∂XmWv.
2. \n¿ΔN\ßƒ:- (1) Cu BIv‰n¬, kμ¿`w a‰phn[Øn¬ Bhiys]SmØ]£w,˛
(F) “ IΩoj≥” F∂m¬ 24˛mw hIp∏p{]Imcw cq]oIcn°s∏´ kwÿm\
kpc£mIΩoj≥ F∂¿∞amIp∂p;
(_n) “Pn√m aPnkvt{S‰v ”F∂m¬ at‰Xv DtZymKt]cn\m¬ B DtZymKÿ≥
Adnbs∏´mepw, Hcp Pn√bpsS FIvknIypóhv `cWØns‚ NpaXebp≈ DtZymKÿ≥
F∂¿∞amIp∂p;
(kn) “k¿°m¿” F∂m¬ tIcf k¿°m¿ F∂¿∞amIp∂p;
(Un) “ÿew” F∂Xn¬ ÿnctam Xm¬°menItam Bb GsX¶nepw sIńSw,
IqSmcw, _qØv, hml\w As√¶n¬ a‰p \n¿ΩmWßƒ, sIńbS®tXm Xpd mbtXm Bb
Ic, IS¬, Imb¬, XSmIw, \ZnIƒ, tXmSpIƒ, NXp∏v A¥co£w F∂nhbpƒs∏sSbp≈
GsX¶nepw {]tZiw F∂nh Dƒs∏Sp∂XmIp∂p;
(C) “t]meokv”v F∂Xn¬ 3˛Dw 4˛Dw hIp∏pIƒ {]Imcw hn\n¿t±in°s∏´
I¿Øhyßfpw NpaXeIfpw \n¿Δln°p∂hcpw A{]Imcw sNøp∂Xn\v 88˛mw
hIp∏p{]Imcw A[nImcs∏SpØs∏´hcpamb F√m BfpIfpw F∂¿∞amIp∂Xpw
Dƒs∏Sp∂XpamIp∂p;
(F^v) “t]meokv tk\” F∂m¬ 14˛mw hIp∏n¬ ]cma¿in°s∏´ t]meokv tk\
F∂¿∞amIp∂p;
(Pn) “t]meokv Pn√” F∂m¬ Cu BIv‰ns‚ 16˛mw hIp∏p {]Imcw {]Jym]n°s∏´
{]mtZinI taJe F∂¿∞amIp∂p;
(F®v) “t]meokv DtZymKÿ≥” F∂m¬ t]meokv tk\bnse Hcp AwKw
F∂¿∞amIp∂Xpw C¥y≥ t]meokv k¿Δoknse Hcp DtZymKÿ≥
Dƒs∏Sp∂XpamIp∂p;
(sF) “hkvXp” F∂Xn¬ ]Whpw, hne]nSn∏p≈ CuSpw, ÿmhctam, PwKatam,
UnPn‰tem Bb F√m hkvXp°fpw Dƒs∏Sp∂XmIp∂p;
(sP) “s]mXpÿew”F∂m¬ AhImiamtbm A√msXtbm s]mXpP\Øn\v
{]thin°mhp∂ GsXmcp ÿehpw F∂¿∞amIp∂Xpw:-˛
(i) Hcp s]mXp sIńShpw kvamcIhpw AhbpsS ]cnkchpw; IqSmsX
(ii) sh≈saSp°p∂Xnt\m IgpIp∂Xnt\m Ipfn°p∂Xnt\m k©mcw, hnt\mZw,
Blmcw, hn{iaw, NnIn’, hym]mcw apXembhbvt°m GsX¶nepw tkh\Ønt\m th≠n
s]mXpP\Øn\v {]thi\ap≈Xmb GsXmcp ÿehpw, Dƒs∏Sp∂XpamIp∂p.
(sI) “tkh\ZmXmhv” F∂m¬ GsX¶nepw {]Xnêw kzoIcnt®m A√msXtbm
s]mXpP\Ønt\m AXns‚ GsX¶nepw hn`mKØnt\m Hcp hy‡nt°m GsX¶nepw tkh\w
{]Zm\w sNøp∂Xmb GsX¶nepw Btfm GP≥kntbm AXns‚ NpaXe°mct\m
Poh\°mct\m F∂¿∞amIp∂Xpw t^m¨, C‚¿s\‰v, Iºyq´¿, hml\w, Blmcw, Pew,
[\Imcyw, hmSI, ]Wbw, Bip]{Xn, et_md´dn, ipNoIcWw, tISp]mSpXo¿°¬,
sshZypXn, \nt£]w, Hmlcn \n¿ΩmWw, kpc£, hym]mcw, hmbv], C‘\w, hn{iaw,
hnt\mZw apXemb tkh\ßƒ \¬Ip∂hcpw, Bhiys∏Sptºmƒ s]mXpP\Øn\v
GsX¶nepw tkh\w \¬Ip∂Xpamb AØcØnep≈ at‰sX¶nepw hy‡nbpw
GP≥knbpw Dƒs∏Sp∂XpamIp∂p;
(F¬) “sXcphv ”F∂Xn¬ s]mXphgnbmbmepw As√¶nepw s]mXpP\Øn\v
{]thi\ap≈ GsX¶nepw sslth, ]mew, hgn, hcºv, tdmUv, CShgn, \Shgn, NXzcw,
A¶Ww, DZym\hoYn, Nm\¬ As√¶n¬ CS\mgn F∂nh Dƒs∏Sp∂XmIp∂p;
(Fw) “{Sm^n°v ”F∂m¬ GsX¶nepw s]mXpÿeØpIqsS BfpIƒ, arKßƒ,
hml\ßƒ, bm\ßƒ, Nc°pIƒ XpSßnbhbpsS GsX¶nepw XcØnep≈ \o°w
F∂¿∞amIp∂Xpw AXn¬ Ahbn¬ GsX¶nepw LSIØns‚ H‰bvt°m Iq´mtbm D≈
\o°sØ _m[n°p∂ coXnbn¬ B ÿetØm kao]tØm ÿnXn sNøp∂
hml\ßfpsSbpw PohPmeßfpsSbpw hkvXp°fpsSbpw Xm¬°menItam ÿnctam Bb
hn\ymkw Dƒs∏Sp∂XpamIp∂p;
(F≥) “hml\w” F∂m¬ GsX¶nepw Bfns\tbm arKsØtbm as‰s¥¶nepw
hkvXphns\tbm hln°p∂ KXmKX D]m[n F∂¿∞amIp∂Xpw AXn¬ h≠n, Npa´ph≠n,
hm≥, {S°v, ssIh≠n, t_m´v, ssk°nƒ, ss{Sssk°nƒ, dn£m, tamt´m¿ hml\w, bm\w,
hnam\w F∂nh Dƒs∏Sp∂XpamIp∂p.
(2) Cu BIv‰n¬ D]tbmKn®n´p≈Xpw \n¿ΔNn®nń√mØXpw F∂m¬ 1860 ˛se
C¥y≥ in£m\nbaØntem (1860˛se 45˛mw tI{μ BIv‰v) 1973˛se {Inan\¬ \S]Sn \nba
kwlnXbntem (1974˛se 2˛mw tI{μ BIv‰v) ˛ \n¿ΔNn®n´p≈Xpamb hm°pIƒ°pw
{]tbmKßƒ°pw Ahbn¬ \¬Inbncn°p∂ \n¿ΔN\ßƒ _m[Iambncn°p∂XmWv.
A≤mbw II
t]meokns‚ I¿Øhyßfpw NpaXeIfpw
3. t]meokns‚ I¿Øhyßƒ.˛ `mcXØns‚ `cWLS\bv°pw AXn≥Iogn¬
\n¿Ωn®n´p≈ \nbaßƒ°pw hnt[bambn, `cWhyhÿbpsS `mKambn P\ßƒ°nSbn¬
{]h¿Øn°p∂ Hcp tkh\ hn`mKw F∂ \nebn¬ {Iakam[m\hpw cmjv{SØns‚
AJWv U Xbpw cmjv { Skpc£bpw a\pjymhImi kwc£Whpw Dd∏phcpØn
\nba{]Imcw F√m BfpIƒ°pw e`yamIp∂ kzmX{¥yßfpw AhImißfpw Ah¿
A\p`hn°p∂p F∂v Dd∏m°p∂Xn\mbn t]meokv \nbam\pkrXambn bXv\nt°≠XmWv.
4. t]meokns‚ NpaXeIƒ.˛ Cu BIv‰ns‚ hyhÿIƒ°v hnt[bambn
t]meokptZymKÿ¿ C\n ]dbp∂ NpaXeIƒ \n¿Δlnt°≠XmWv, AXmbXv˛--
(F) ]£t`Zw IqSmsX \nbaw \S∏nem°pI;
(_n) F√m BfpIfptSbpw Poh≥, kzmX{¥yw, kzØv, a\pjymhImißƒ, A¥ v
F∂nh \nbam\pkrXw kwc£n°pI;
(kn) cmjv { SØns‚ B`y¥ckpc£ ImØpkq£n°pIbpw, Xo{hhmZ
{]h¿Ø\ßƒ, h¿§ob A{Iaw, B`y¥cIem]w apXembhbvs°Xncmbn Pm{KXtbmsS
{]h¿Øn°pIbpw sNøpI;
(Un) s]mXpkpc£ Dd∏m°p∂ {IaoIcWßƒ t{]m’mln∏n°pIbpw
ImØpkq£n°pIbpw s]mXp kam[m\w \ne\n¿ØpIbpw sNøpI;
(C) A]mbßfn¬ \n∂pw D]{Zhßfn¬ \n∂pw s]mXpP\sØ kwc£n°pI ;
(F^v) tdmUpIƒ, sdbn¬th, ]meßƒ, a¿Ω{][m\amb {]XnjvTm]\ßƒ,
ÿm]\ßƒ F∂nh Dƒs∏sS F√m s]mXp kzØp°fpw kwc£n°pI;
(Pn) \nba]camb A[nImcßƒ ]camh[n D]tbmKn®v Ip‰IrXyßƒ XSbpIbpw
Ipd®v sIm≠phcpIbpw sNøpI;
(F®v) Ip‰IrXyßsf°pdn®v \nbam\pkcWw At\zjWw \SØn Ip‰hmfnIsf
bYmhn[nbp≈ \nba\S]SnIƒ°v hnt[bam°pI;
(sF) F√m s]mXp ÿeßfnepw {Sm^nIv \nb{¥n°pIbpw {IaoIcn°pIbpw
sNøpI;
(sP) Ip‰IrXyßfmbn ]cnWant®°mhp∂ X¿°ßfpw kwL¿jßfpw
Hgnhm°phm\pw ]cnlcn°phm\pw {ian°pI;
(sI) {]IrXnZØtam A√mØtXm Bb Zpc¥tam, AXymlnXtam, A]IStam
D≠mIptºmƒ ASnb¥ncambn CSs]SpIbpw t¢iw A\p`hn°p∂ BfpIƒ°v DNnXamb
F√m klmbhpw \¬IpI;
(F¬) t]meokns‚ F√m {]h¿Ø\ßƒ°pw cmjv{SØns‚ kpc£bv°pw
klmbIcamb hnhcßƒ kamlcn°pIbpw ]cntim[n°pIbpw Bhiysa¶n¬ hym]\w
\SØpIbpw sNøpI;
(Fw) IÃUnbnep≈ F√m BfpIƒ°pw \nbam\pkcWap≈ kwc£Whpw
kpc£nXXzhpw Dd∏phcpØpI;
(F≥) £aXbp≈ A[nImcÿm\ßfpsSbpw taeptZymKÿcpsSbpw
\nbam\pkrXamb F√m DØchpIfpw A\pkcn°pIbpw \nbam\pkrXambn
\S∏nem°pIbpw sNøpI;
(H) t]meokv tk\bpsS B¥cnI A®S°w ]men°pIbpw \ne\n¿ØpIbpw
sNøpI;
(]n) P\ßƒ°nSbn¬ s]mXphmbn kpc£nXXz t_m[w Dd∏phcpØpI;
(Iyp) s]mXpÿeßfntem, sXcphntem, \n lmbtcm, \ncmew_tcm Bbn
ImWs∏Sp∂ BfpIfpsS, {]tXyIn®v kv { XoIfptSbpw IpńIfptSbpw, apXn¿∂
]uc∑mcpsSbpw, IgnhpIfn¬ hyXykvXXbp≈ BfpIfpsSbpw NpaXe Gs‰SpØv
AhcpsS kpc£nXXzw Dd∏phcpØpI;
(B¿) X’abw {]m_eyØnep≈ GsX¶nepw \nbaØm¬
NpaXes∏SpØnbncn°p∂ I¿Øhyßƒ ]men°pI;
(Fkv) k¿°m¿, ImemImeßfn¬ \nbam\pkrXw G¬∏n®psImSp°p∂ a‰v
NpaXeIƒ \n¿Δln°pI.
A≤ymbw III
t]meokv tÃj≥
5. t]meokv tÃj\pIƒ ÿm]n°¬.˛ (1) k¿°mcn\v, 1973˛se {Inan\¬ \S]Sn
\nbakwlnXbpsS (1974˛se 2˛mw tI{μ BIv‰)v 2˛mw hIp∏nse hyhÿIƒ°v hnt[bambn,
hn⁄m]\whgn, Cu \nbaØns‚ BhiyØnte°mbn Hmtcm Xt±i{]tZiØn\pw th≠n
t]meokv tÃj\pIƒ ÿm]n°mhp∂XmWv.
(2) Hmtcm t]meokv tÃjt‚bpw A[nImcnXbp≈ {]tZihpw AXv {]h¿Ønt°≠
sIńShpw ]cnkchpw (1)˛mw D]hIp∏n≥ Iogn¬ ]pds∏Sphn®n´p≈ hn⁄m]\Øn¬
hn\n¿t±in®n´p≈ {]Imcambncnt°≠XmWv.
(3) k¿°m¿ \n›bn°p∂ HutZymKnI ]Zhnbnep≈ Hcp t]meokv DtZymKÿ≥
tÃj≥ lukv Bôk¿ F∂ DtZymKt∏tcmSpIqSn Hmtcm t]meokv tÃjs‚bpw
{]h¿Ø\ ta¬t\m´w \n¿Δlnt°≠Xpw B DtZymKÿ≥ B t]meokv tÃjs‚
NpaXebp≈ DtZymKÿ≥ Bbncn°p∂XpamWv.
6. t]meokv tÃj\pIfn¬ k¿°m¿ aXnbmb kuIcyßƒ G¿s∏SpØWsa∂v.˛
(1) k¿°m¿, hn`htijn°v hnt[bambn, ASnÿm\ t]meokv tkh\ßƒ Bhiyap≈
F√mh¿°pw BbXv {]Zm\w sNøp∂Xn\v aXnbmb kwJym_ehpw ASnÿm\
kuIcyßfpw Hmtcm t]meokv kvt‰j\nepw Ds≠∂v Dd∏phcptØ≠XmWv.
(2) (1)˛mw D]hIp∏v {]Imcap≈ kuIcyßfn¬ t]meokv tÃj\pambn _‘s∏´
F√m t]meokv DtZymKÿ¿°pw Imcy£aambn tPmen sNøp∂Xn\p≈ aXnbmb
ASnÿm\ kuIcyßƒ, s]mXpP\ßƒ°mbn th≠{X kuIcyßtfmSpIqSnb kzoIcW
ÿew, IÃUnbnep≈ km[\ßfpw HutZymKnI tcJIfpw HutZymKnI Bbp[ßfpw
shSnt°m∏pIfpw kpc£nXambn kq£n°p∂Xn\p≈ aXnbmb kw`cW ÿew,
{]XnIsfbpw IÃUnbn¬ D≈hscbpw kq£n°m\p≈ aXnbmb kuIcyßƒ, DNnXamb
Bibhn\nab kuIcyßƒ, aXnbmb k©mc kuIcyw F∂nhbpw t]meokv tÃj\nse
DtZymKÿcn¬ `mcta¬∏n®ncn°p∂ \nba]camb DØchmZnXzßƒ th≠hn[Øn¬
\n¿Δln°p∂Xn\p≈ kpc£m D]IcWßƒ, CeIv t {SmWnIv kwhn[m\ßƒ,
Bbp[ßƒ, t^md≥knIv D]IcWßƒ F∂nhbpw Dƒs∏Sp∂XmIp∂p.
(3) kwÿm\ t]meokv ta[mhn kwÿm\sØ Hmtcm t]meokv tÃj\nepw
e`yambn´p≈ kuIcyßfpsS ]cym]vXX Hmtcm h¿jhpw ]p\chtemI\w sNøp∂Xn\p≈
{IaoIcWßƒ G¿s∏SptØ≠Xpw DNnXamb \nehmcØnep≈ kuIcyßƒ
G¿s∏SpØp∂Xn\v \S]SnIƒ FSpt°≠XpamWv.
7. Imcy£aamb t]meokv tkh\Øn\v BfpIƒ°p≈ AhImiw.˛F√m
BfpIƒ°pw t]meokv tÃj\n¬ \n∂v Imcy£aamb t]meokv tkh\Øn\v AhImiw
D≠mbncn°p∂XmWv.
8. t]meokv tÃj\n¬ s]mXpP\ßƒ°p≈ AhImißƒ ˛(1) F√m BfpIƒ°pw
\ymbamb {]mtbmKnIXbv°v hnt[bambn t]meokv tÃj\n¬ \n∂v \nbam\pkrX
tkh\w e`n°p∂Xn\pw GXp kabØpw GXp t]meokv tÃj\nepw kam[m\]q¿Δw
{]thin°p∂Xn\pw kzoIcn°s∏Sp∂Xn\pw AhImiw D≠mbncn°p∂XmWv.
(2) s]mXpP\ßfn¬ GsXmcmƒ°pw \ymbamb \nb{¥Wßƒ°v hnt[bambn
t]meokv tÃjs‚ NpaXebp≈ DtZymÿs\ ImWphm\pw Imcyßƒ Adnbn°phm\pw
D≈ AhImiw D≠mbncn°p∂Xpw aXnbmb ImcWßfn√msX Cu AhImiw
\ntj[n°phm≥ ]mSn√mØXpamWv.
(3) kv{XoIƒ°v h\nXm t]meokns‚ km∂n≤yØn¬ kzImcyXtbmsS ]cmXn
\¬Iphm\p≈ kuIcyw t]meokv tÃj\n¬ D≠mbncnt°≠XmWv.
(4) s]mXpP\ßfn¬ GsXmcmƒ°pw Abmƒ \¬Inb ]cmXnsb kw_‘n® ssI∏‰p
ckoXv e`n°phm\pw ]cmXn kw_‘n®p≈ t]meokv \S]SnbpsStbm
At\zjWØns‚tbm Ahÿ Adnbphm\pw AhImiw D≠mbncn°p∂XmWv.
(5) s]mXpP\ßfn¬ GsXmcmfpw Abmƒ t]meokv tÃj\n¬ hm°mtem
tcJmaqetam \¬Inb GsXmcp ]cmXnbpsSbpw Npcp°w t]meokv tÃj\n¬
Imem\p{IaØnepw kaImenIhpambn h®pt]mcp∂Xpamb ÿncw cPnÃdn¬ X¬kabw
tcJs∏SptØ≠XmWv.
(6) GsXmcp ]uc\pw, GsX¶nepw Hcp {]tXyI Bƒ t]meokv tÃj\n¬ IÃUnbn¬
Dt≠msb∂v Adnbphm≥ AhImiw D≠mbncn°p∂XmWv.
9. IÃUnbnep≈ BfpIƒ°pth≠nbp≈ sNehv \¬IWsa∂v.˛IÃUnbnep≈
Hmtcm Bfns‚bpw `£Ww, sh≈w, a‰v {]mYanI Bhiyßƒ F∂nh
\¬Ip∂Xnte°mbn Hcp AhnZKv≤ sXmgnemfn°v X¬kabw \nehnep≈ k¿°m¿
\nc°\pkcn®p≈ G‰hpw Ipd™ ZnhkthX\Øns‚ ]IpXnsb∂ {]XnZn\ \nc°n¬
{]Xnamkw IÃUnbnep≈ BfpIfpsS FÆØn\pw Imebfhn\pw B\p]mXnIamb XpI,
k¿°m¿, Hmtcm t]meokv tÃj\pw \¬tI≠XmWv.
10. t]meokv tÃj\pIƒ F√mbvt∏mgpw {]h¿Ø\£aambncn°Wsa∂v.˛Hcp
t]meokv tÃj≥, t]meokv tkh\ßƒ Bhiyap≈h¿°mbpw t]meokns‚ I¿Øhy
\n¿ΔlWØn\mbpw Ft∏mgpw {]h¿Ø\£ahpw PmKcqIhpw Bbncnt°≠XmWv.
11. {]tXyI t]meokv tÃj≥.˛(1) 5˛mw hIp∏p{]Imcw GsX¶nepw {]tZiØn\pth≠n
hn⁄m]\w sNøs∏´ t]meokv tÃj\pIƒ°v ]pdsa k¿°mcn\v GsX¶nepw {]tZiØv
\n›nX Imebfhntet°m {]tXyI Dt±iyØntet°m GsX¶nepw {]tXyI \nbatam
\nbaßtfm \S∏nem°p∂Xn\p th≠ntbm {]tXyI t]meokv tÃj\pIƒ
ÿm]n°mhp∂XmWv.
(2) AØcw {]tXyI t]meokv tÃj\pIƒ ÿnXnsNøp∂ sIńSw, {]tZiw,
A[nImc]cn[n, Dt±iyw, Imebfhv apXembh 5˛mw hIp∏n¬ \njvI¿jn°s∏´ coXnbn¬
hn⁄m]\w sNtø≠XmWv.
(3) (1)˛Dw (2)˛Dw D]hIp∏pIfn¬ D≈ bmsXm∂pw Xs∂ k©cn°p∂ Hcp
hml\Øntem GsX¶nepw Xm¬°menI Hmôkntem Hcp {]tXyI t]meokv tÃj≥
ÿm]n°p∂Xn¬ \n∂pw k¿°mcns\ XSbp∂Xmbn IcpXs∏Sm≥ ]mSp≈X√.
(4) Hcp km[mcW t]meokv tÃj≥ ssIs°m≠ GsX¶nepw \S]Sn AXv Hcp
{]tXyI t]meokv tÃjs\ `mcta¬∏n®psImSp°m≥ Ignbpambncp∂ Hcp Imcyambncp∂p
F∂ ImcWØm¬ Akm[phmIp∂X√.
(5) Hmtcm {]tXyI t]meokv tÃj\pw AXns‚ {]tXyI Dt±iyhpw {]tXyI
kz`mhhpw hy‡am°p∂ hn[Ønep≈ t]cv \¬tI≠XmWv.
(6) kwÿm\ t]meokv ta[mhn°v {]tXyI DØchphgn Hcp km[mcW t]meokv
tÃj\pambn _‘s∏´ GsX¶nepw DØchmZnXzØn¬ \n∂v Hcp {]tXyI t]meokv
tÃj\nse tÃj≥ lukv B^nksd Hgnhm°mhp¥pw Hcp km[mcW t]meokv tÃj≥
lukv Bôksd G¬∏n®psImSp°mØtXm A[nIambtXm {]tXyIambtXm Bb
DØchmZnXzßƒ Abmfn¬ `cta¬∏n°mhp∂XpamWv.
12. t]meokv tÃj≥ Ubdn.˛Hmtcm t]meokv tÃj\pw k¿°m¿ ImemImeßfn¬
\n›bn°p∂ amXrIbnep≈ Hcp P\d¬ Ubdn kq£nt°≠Xpw ka¿∏n°s∏´ F√m
]cmXnIfpsSbpw {]Ya hnhc dnt∏m¿´pIfptSbpw Nm¿÷pIfpsSbpw kw{Klhpw
]cmXn°mcpsSbpw FXn¿I£nIfpsSbpw AdÃv sNøs∏´ F√m BfpIfpsSbpw
t]cphnhcßƒ, Ah¿s°Xnsc Nm¿÷p sNøs∏´ Ip‰ßƒ, AhcpsS ssIhiØn¬
\nt∂m a‰p hn[Øntem Is≠SpØ Bbp[ßfS°ap≈ hkvXp°ƒ F∂nh kw_‘n®
hnhcßfpw X’abw tcJs∏SptØ≠XpamWv.
13. tÃj≥ Ubdnbpw IÃUn kuIcyhpw ]cntim[n°phm≥ A¿lXbp≈
BfpIƒ.˛(1) kwÿm\ a\pjymhImi IΩojs‚tbm kwÿm\ h\nXm IΩojs‚tbm
kwÿm\ ]ńIPmXn, ]ńItKm{Xh¿§ IΩojs‚tbm kwÿm\ As√¶n¬ Pn√m
t]meokv Iwπbn‚ v AtXmdn‰nIfpsStbm sNb¿t]gvkäm¿°pw AwKßƒ°pw t]meokv
tÃj\n¬ {]thin®v 12˛mw hIp∏\pkcn®v kq£n®ncn°p∂ GsXmcp P\d¬
Ubdnbnsebpw Dƒ°pdn∏pIfpw IÃUnbn¬ kq£n®n´p≈ GsXmcmfns‚bpw ÿnXnbpw
t\cn´v ]cntim[n°mhp∂XpamWv.
(2) (1)˛mw D]hIp∏v {]Imcw t]meokv tÃj≥ kμ¿in°p∂ GsXmcmfpw
At±lØns‚ kμ¿i\w X¬kabw Ubdnbn¬ tcJs∏SptØ≠Xpw Xs‚
\nco£WØns‚ Npcp°w Pn√m t]meokv ta[mhnsb F{Xbpw s]s´∂v Adnbnt°≠Xpw
AØcw \nco£Wßfn≥ta¬ Bhiyamtb°mhp∂ XpS¿ \S]SnIƒ Pn√m t]meokv
ta[mhn F{Xbpw s]s´∂v kzoIcnt°≠XpamWv.
A≤ymbw IV
t]meokv tk\bpsS s]mXphmb LS\
14. tIcf t]meokv.˛(1) tIcf kwÿm\Øn\v tIcf t]meokv F∂ t]cn¬ Hcp
GIoIrX t]meokv tk\ D≠mbncn°p∂Xpw AXns\ ImemImeßfn¬
`qanimkv{X]ctam {]h¿Ø\£aXm]ctam Bb GsX¶nepw kuIcyØns‚tbm {]tXyI
Dt±iyØns‚tbm ASnÿm\Øn¬ hnhn[ k_v bqWn‰pIfmtbm, bqWn‰pIfmtbm,
{_m©pIfmtbm, hnwKpIfmtbm k¿°mcn\v Xocpam\n®v hn`Pn°mhp∂XpamWv.
(2) tIcfm t]meokv tk\bn¬, UbdIvS¿ P\d¬ Hm^v t]meokv B‚ v tÃ‰v t]meokv
No^ns\°mƒ Db¿∂ Hcp ]Zhn C√ F∂Xn\p hnt[bambn, k¿°m¿, ImemImeßfn¬
\n›bn°p∂ hnhn[ ]ZhnIƒ D≈ DtZymKÿsc Dƒs∏SpØmhp∂Xpw B ]ZhnIƒ
BtcmlW {IaØn¬ C\n ]dbp∂ {]Imcw Bbncn°p∂XpamWv,˛
(F) t]meokv tIm¨Ã_nƒ;
(_n) t]meokv slUvtIm¨Ã_nƒ ;
(kn) AknÃ‚ v k_v C≥kvs]IvS¿ Hm^v t]meokv;
(Un) k_v C≥kvs]IvS¿ Hm^v t]meokv;
(C) C≥kvs]IvS¿ Hm^v t]meokv;
(F^v) sU]yqń kq{]≠v Hm^v t]meokv;
(Pn) kq{]≠v Hm^v t]meokv;
(F®v) sU]yqń C≥kvs]IvS¿ P\d¬ Hm^v t]meokv;
(sF) C≥kvs]IvS¿ P\d¬ Hm^v t]meokv;
(sP) AUojW¬ UbdIvS¿ P\d¬ Hm^v t]meokv;
(sI) UbdIvS¿ P\d¬ Hm^v t]meokv;
(F¬) UbdIvS¿ P\d¬ Hm^v t]meokv B‚ v tÃ‰v t]meokv No^v.
(3) k¿°mcn\v, s]mXphmbtXm {]tXyIambtXm Bb DØchneqsS, tIcf
t]meokntem a‰v kwÿm\ßfntem tI{μk¿°mcntem \nehnep≈ GsXmcp t]meokv
]Zhnsbbpw hy‡am°m\p]tbmKn°p∂ at‰sX¶nepw ]Z{]tbmKßƒ ta¬∏d™
]ZhnIfn¬ GsX¶nepw H∂n\v Xpeysa∂v IcpXs∏Smhp∂XmsW∂v hn\n¿t±in°m
hp∂XmWv.
(4) (2) ˛mw D]hIp∏n¬ ASßnbncn°p∂ bmsXm∂pw Xs∂ ]pXnb Hcp ]Zhn
krjvSn°p∂Xnt\m AXn¬ hn\n¿t±in®n´pff Hcp ]Zhn°v ]pXnb Hcp DtZymKt]cv
\¬Ip∂Xnt\m Dff k¿°mcns‚ A[nImcsØ _m[n°p∂X√.
15. t]meokvLS\sb k¿°m¿ hn\n¿t±in°Wsa∂v - - (1) Cu BIv‰ns‚
hyhÿIƒ°v hnt[bambn, t]meokv tk\bn¬ k¿°m¿ s]mXphmbtXm
{]tXyIambtXm Bb DØchneqsS \n›bnt®°mhp∂{X DtZymKÿ¿ Hmtcm ]Zhnbnepw
Dƒs∏tS≠Xpw A{]Imcapff DØchp{]Imcapff LS\bpw cq]hpw, HmôkpIfpw
A[nImcnX{Iahpw, B⁄mt{iWnbpw, `cW]camb A[nImcßfpw I¿Øhyßfpw
NpaXeIfpw D≠mbncnt°≠XpamWv.
(2) IqSpX¬ P\kwJybpw k¶o¿Æamb {Iakam[m\ {]iv\ßfpw \ne\n¬°p∂
sat{Sms]mfn‰≥ {]tZißfn¬ IqSpX¬ sshZKv≤yap≈Xpw GIoIrXhpw \nba]camb
A[nImchpw DØchmZnXzhpapff sat{Sm s]mfn‰≥ t]meokv k{ºZmbw
G¿s∏SptØ≠XmWv.
(3) sat{Sms]mfn‰≥ {]tZißfnse {]iv\ßƒ ssIImcyw sNøm≥ ]cym]vXamb
{]tXyI t]meokv LS\ Hcp hn⁄m]\ØneqsS Kh¨sa‚ v ]pds∏Sphnt°≠XmWv.
(4) Hcp sat{Sm s]mfn‰≥ {]tZisØ t]meokv `cWØn\mbn sU]yqń t]meokv
C≥kvs]IvS¿ P\den¬ IpdbmØ ]Zhnbnep≈ Hcp t]meokv Hmôksd IΩojWdmbn
\nbant°≠XmWv.
(5) IΩojW¿°pw IΩojW¿°v Iognep≈ a‰p DtZymKÿ¿°pw k¿°m¿
\n›bn°p∂ {]Imcap≈ A[nImcßfpw NpaXeIfpw D≠mbncn°p∂XmWv:
F∂m¬, IΩojWdpw a‰p DtZymKÿcpw kwÿm\ t]meokv ta[mhnbpsS
\nb{¥WØn≥ Iogn¬ {]h¿Ønt°≠XmWv.
(6) sat{Sms]mfn‰≥ t]meokv k{ºZmbw G¿s∏SpØnbn´pff {]tZißfn¬
t]meokv IΩojW¿°v Cu BIvt‰m, 1973se {Inan\¬ \S]Sn \nba kwlnXtbm (1974
se c≠mw tI{μ BIv‰)v , GsX¶nepw kwÿm\ \nbaßtfm {]Imcw Pn√m aPnkvt{S‰n\p≈
F√mtam GsX¶neptam A[nImcßƒ k¿°m¿ \n›bn°p∂ hyhÿIƒ°pw
D]m[nIƒ°pw hnt[bambn hn\ntbmKn°mhp∂XmWv.
16. t]meokv Pn√.˛ kwÿm\ k¿°mcn\,v hn⁄m]\w hgn, GsXmcp {]tZitØbpw
Cu BIv‰ns‚ Bhiyßƒ°mbn hn⁄m]\Øn¬ hn\n¿t±in°mhp∂ XobXn apX¬
Hcp t]meokv Pn√bmbn {]Jym]n°mhp∂XmWv.
F∂m¬, Hcp t]meokv Pn√bn¬ H∂n¬ IqSpX¬ dh\yq Pn√IfpsS `mKßƒ
Dƒs∏SpØmhp∂X√.
17. Pn√m t]meokv ta[mhn.˛ (1) Hcp t]meokv Pn√bnse t]meokv tk\bpw t]meokv
tÃj\pIfpw AXnt\mS\p_‘n® a‰v HmôkpIfpw k¿°m¿ DØchpIƒ°pw kwÿm\
t]meokv ta[mhnbpsS ta¬t\m´Øn\pw \nba]camb DØchn\pw hnt[bambn k¿°m¿
\n›bn°p∂ ]Zhnbnep≈ Hcp Pn√m t]meokv ta[mhnbpsS ta¬t\m´Ønepw
\nb{¥WØnepw {]h¿Ønt°≠Xpw k¿°m¿ \n›bn°p∂ ]ZhnIfnep≈ t]meokv
DtZymKÿ¿ At±lsØ A°mcyØn¬ klmbnt°≠XpamWv.
(2) Pn√m t]meokv ta[mhn, kq{]≠v Hm^v t]meokns‚ ]Zhnbn¬ Xmsgbp≈
Hcp DtZymKÿ≥ Bbncn°phm≥ ]mSp≈X√.
18. kwÿm\ t]meokv ta[mhn ˛ (1) kwÿm\Øv H´msIbp≈ t]meokns‚
`cW\n¿ΔlWhpw, ta¬t\m´hpw, \n¿t±ihpw, \nb{¥Whpw k¿°mcns‚ \nb{¥WØn\v
hnt[bambn, kwÿm\ t]meokv ta[mhn F∂ DtZymKt∏cp≈ Hcp t]meokv
DtZymKÿ\n¬ \n£n]vXambncn°p∂XmWv.
(2) UbdIvS¿ P\d¬ Hm^v t]meokns‚ ]Zhnbnte°v ÿm\°b‰w e`n®n´p≈
C¥y≥ t]meokv k¿Δoknse kwÿm\ tIUdnse DtZymKÿ¿°nSbn¬ \n∂pw,
kwÿm\ t]meokv tk\sb \bn°p∂Xn\p≈ {]m]vXnbpw samØamb tkh\ Ncn{Xhpw
sXmgn¬ kw_‘amb Adnhv, ]cnNbw F∂nhbpw IW°nseSpØv k¿°m¿ Hcp
kwÿm\ t]meokv ta[mhnsb \nbant°≠XmWv:
F∂m¬, kwÿm\Øn\pth≠n GsX¶nepw tImSXnbntem, ss{S_yqWentem
hIp∏pXe GP≥knbntem ^b¬ sNbvXn´p≈ Hcp tI ntem in£W \S]Sn {IaØntem
Hcp DtZymKÿs\Xncmbn GsX¶nepw Ip‰]{Xw \¬Is∏SpItbm \ne\n¬°pItbm
BsW¶n¬ B DtZymKÿs\ kwÿm\ t]meokv ta[mhnbmbn \nban°phm≥
]mSp≈X√.
(3) Cu BIv ‰ v {]Imcap≈ A[nImcw hn\ntbmKn®v tIcf kwÿm\Øv
t]meokns‚ GsX¶nepw NpaXeIƒ \n¿Δln°p∂ F√m BfpIfpw, kwÿm\ t]meokv
ta[mhnbpsS IogptZymKÿcmbncn°p∂XmWv.
(4) k¿°m¿ ImemImeßfn¬ Xocpam\n°p∂ FÆØnepw hnhn[
]ZhnIfnepap≈ DtZymKÿ¿ kwÿm\ t]meokv ta[mhnsb klmbnt°≠XmWv.
(5) kwÿm\ t]meokv ta[mhnsb°mƒ ko\nbdmb DtZymKÿsc tIcf
t]meokn¬ \nban°m≥ ]mSp≈X√.
19. Pn√m aPnkvt{S‰v GtIm]n∏nt°≠XmsW∂v.˛ (1) Pn√bpsS s]mXphmb `cW
\n¿ΔlWw Imcy£aambn \S∏nemt°≠p∂ BhiyØnte°mbn Pn√m aPnkvt{S‰n\v
C\n ]dbp∂ Imcyßfn¬ t]meokns‚ {]h¿Ø\ßƒ Pn√bpsS `cW \n¿ΔlWhpambn
_‘s∏ńcn°p∂ a‰p GP≥knIfpsS {]h¿Ø\ßfpambn GtIm]n∏n°p∂Xn\v
A[nImcap≠mbncn°p∂XmWv. AXmbXv.˛
(F) `q]cnjvIcWw t{]m’mln∏n°p∂Xpw `qan kw_‘amb X¿°ßƒ
Xo¿∏m°p∂Xpw kw_‘n® Imcyßƒ;
(_n) Pn√bnse hym]Iamb s]mXp kam[m\ `RvP\hpw, kam[m\w ]p\-
xÿm]n°epw kw_‘n® Imcyßƒ;
(kn) Pn√bnse Hcp s]mXp ÿm]\Øns‚ Xncs™Sp∏v \SØn∏pambn _‘s∏´
Imcyßƒ;
(Un) {]IrXn Zpc¥ßƒ ssIImcyw sNøp∂Xpw {]IrXn Zpc¥ßfm¬ ZpcnXw
A\p`hn°p∂hsc ]p\c[nhkn∏n°p∂Xpw kw_‘n® Imcyßƒ;
(C) ]pdsa \n∂p≈ GsX¶nepw B{IaWßfm¬ D≠mIp∂ kmlNcyßfpambn
_‘s∏´ Imcyßƒ; IqSmsX
(F^v) GsX¶nepw Hcp hIp∏ns‚ ]cn[n°p≈n¬ hcmØXpw Pn√bnse BfpIfpsS
s]mXphmb t£asØ _m[n°p∂Xpamb a‰p kam\amb Imcyßƒ;
(2) A{]Imcap≈ GtIm]n∏n°ens‚ BhiyØnte°mbn Pn√m aPnkvt{S‰n\v;,---
(F)Bhiyambn hcptºmsgms° t]meokn¬ \n∂pw Pn√bpsS s]mXp `cWhpambn
_‘s∏ńcn°p∂ a‰p GP≥knIfn¬ \n∂pw s]mXphmbtXm {]tXyIambtXm Bb
kz`mhØnep≈ hnhcßƒ Bhiys∏SpIbpw;
(_n) t]meotkm a‰p GP≥knItfm B kmlNcyw ssIImcyw sNøp∂Xn\v
kzoIcn® \S]SnIsf kw_‘n® dnt∏m¿´v Bhiys∏SpIbpw;
(kn) Bhiysa∂v tXm∂p∂ Imcyßsf kw_‘n®v t]meokn\pw _‘s∏´
GP≥knIƒ°pw A{]Imcap≈ \n¿t±ißƒ \¬IpIbpw;
(Un) t]meokns‚ Imcy£aamb {]h¿Ø\Øn\v GsX√mw hIp∏pIfpsS
{]h¿Ø\amtWm Bhiyambn hcp∂Xv {]kvXpX hIp∏pIƒ F√mw Xs∂ Bhiyamb
F√m klmbßfpw Pn√m t]meokv ta[mhn°v \¬Ip∂ps≠∂v Dd∏m°pIbpw
sNømhp∂XmWv.
20. t]meokv am\z¬.˛ (1) cq]t`Zs∏SpØmt\m d±m°phmt\m D≈ k¿°mcns‚
A[nImcØn\v hnt[bambn kwÿm\ t]meokv ta[mhn°v, ImemImeßfn¬, t]meokns‚
I¿ØhyßfpsSbpw NpaXeIfpsSbpw Imcy£aamb \n¿ΔlWØn\v th≠n s]mXphmbpw
t]meokns‚ ta¬t\m´w, t]meokv tk\bpsS `cW \n¿ΔlWw, tk\bnse
AwKßfpsStbm Hmtcm ]Zhnbnep≈hcpsStbm Hmtcm hn`mKØns‚tbm {]tXyI
I¿Øhyßƒ, B¥cnI ]cntim[\m coXnIƒ, kq£n°s∏tS≠ tcJIƒ, Bbp[ßƒ,
D]IcWßƒ, I¿Øhy \n¿ΔlWØn\v Bhiyamb hkvXp°ƒ, clky hm¿ØIfpsSbpw
hnhcßfpsSbpw tiJcWw, hn\nabw, I¿Øhy \n¿ΔlW coXn, A[nImc
Zp¿hn\ntbmKtam IrXyhntem]tam XSbp∂ coXn F∂nh kw_‘n®v {]tXyIn®pw, Cu
BIv ‰ n\pw AXn\pIogn¬ D≠m°nbn´p≈ N´ßƒ°pw hncp≤a√mØ Ãm‚nwKv
Hm¿UdpIfpw am¿§\n¿t±ißfpw ]pds∏Sphn°mhp∂Xpw kamlcn∏n°mhp∂XpamWv.
(2) kwÿm\ t]meokv ta[mhn ]pds∏Sphn°p∂ {]Imcap≈ DØchpIfpsSbpw
am¿§\n¿t±ißfpsSbpw Ahbpambn _‘s∏´p ]pds∏Sphn°s∏´ GsX¶nepw k¿°m¿
DØchpIfpsSbpw \n¿t±ißfpsSbpw kamlcWw t]meokv am\z¬ F∂v
Adnbs∏Sp∂XmWv.
(3) GsX¶nepw kmlNcyØn¬ A{]Imcw BhiyamsW¶n¬ kwÿm\ t]meokv
ta[mhn°v k¿°mcns‚ AwKoImcØn\p hnt[bambn am\zense GsX¶nepw hyhÿ
t`ZKXn sNømhp∂XmWv.
21. {]tXyI hnwKpIƒ, bqWn‰pIƒ, {_m©pIƒ, kvIzmUpIƒ ˛ (1) k¿°mcn\v
s]mXphmbtXm, {]tXyIambtXm Bb DØchphgn kwÿm\ t]meokv ta[mhnsbtbm
t]meokns‚ NpaXe \n¿Δln°p∂ a‰p≈hsctbm Pn√m t]meokv ta[mhnsbtbm
s]mXphmbn t]meokns\tbm AhcpsS NpaXeIfnepw I¿Øhyßfnepw
klmbn°p∂Xn\v k¿°m¿ DØchphgn \n›bn°mhp∂ AwKkwJy,
B¥cnILSIßƒ, A[nImcßƒ, I¿Øhyßƒ, A[nImcnX, B¥cnItam _mlytam
Bb ta¬t\m´ LS\ F∂nhtbmSpIqSnb GsX¶nepw hnwKv, kvs]jy¬ bqWn‰v,
kvs]jyssekvUv {_m©v As√¶n¬ kvs]jy¬ kvIzmUv, apXembh cq]oIcn°mhp∂Xpw
\ne\ndpØmhp∂XpamWv.
(2) a‰p kwKXnIƒs°m∏w, k¿°mcn\v Bhiyamtb°mhp∂ C\n ]dbp∂
kwKXnIƒ°mbn bqWn‰pIƒ cq]oIcn°pItbm Ahbv°mbn {]tXyI {IaoIcWßƒ
\SØpItbm sNømhp∂XmWv,˛
(F) tZiob kpc£sb {]Xy£amtbm, ]tcm£amtbm _m[n°p∂ clkyhm¿Ø
tiJcn°pI, cmjv{S kpc£, {Iakam[m\]me\w, s]mXpkpc£m]me\w, Ip‰IrXyßƒ
XSb¬, a¿Ω {][m\amb ÿm]\ßfpsSbpw Xo{hhmZnIfn¬ \nt∂m òIchmZnIfn¬
\nt∂m ISpØ òjWn t\cnSp∂ hy‡nIfpsSbpw kpc£;
(_n) k¶o¿Ætam, \oNtam, {]amZtam, {]tXyI {]m[m\yap≈tXm Bb
Ip‰IrXyßfpsS At\zjWw;
(kn) {Sm^nIv \nb{¥Ww;
(Un) XoctZiw, ]pg, Imb¬ {]tZiw \o¿ØSßƒ F∂nhbpambn _‘s∏´
t]meokv tkh\hpw hnt\mZk©mcnIfpsSbpw Xo¿∞mSIcpsSbpw kwc£WØn
\mbp≈ t]meokv tkh\hpw;
(C) sdbn¬thbnse t]meokv tkh\w;
(F^v) Ip‰IrXyßsfbpw Ip‰hmfnIsfbpw kw_‘n®v hnhchpw
clkyhm¿Øbpw tiJcn°p∂Xpw ]cntim[n°p∂Xpw ]ńI Xømdm°epw AhbpsS
hniIe\hpw _yqtdm Hm^v an nwKv t]gvk¨kns‚ {]h¿Ø\hpw;
(Pn) t]meokv tÃj\pIfn¬ {]XnIfmtbm, Ip‰IrXyØn\v Ccbmbhtcm Bbn
FØp∂ IpńIfpsS {]tXyI kpc£bv°mbn Pphss\¬ t]meokv bqWn‰v ;
(F®v) Iºyq´dpIfpw a‰p UnPn‰¬ tkh\ßfpw sXcs™Sp°p∂Xn\pw,
D]tbmKn°p∂Xn\pw, {]tbmP\s∏SpØp∂Xn\pw t]meokv HmôkpIsfbpw
DtZymKÿscbpw klmbn°pIbpw AXn\mbn Bhiyap≈ tkm^v ‰ v s hb¿
hnIkn∏ns®Sp°pIbpw sNøpI;
(sF) t]meokv Bhiyßƒ°mbn sSenIΩyqWnt°js‚bpw UnPn‰¬
hm¿Ømhn\nab irwJeIfpsSbpw ]cn]me\w;
(sP) hnceSbmfw, t^mt´m{Km^n, GsX¶nepw UnPn‰¬ AYhm _tbmsa{SnIv
sSIv\nIv F∂o am¿§ßfneqsS hy‡nIfpsSbpw hkvXp°fpsSbpw Xncn®dnb¬;
(sI) Pn√m t]meokntem Xt±i t]meokv tÃj\pIfntem t]meokns‚ GsX¶nepw
NpaXe icnbmb coXnbn¬ \n¿Δln°p∂Xn\v Ft∏mgpw FhnsSbpw kwJym_ew
IpdhmIptºmƒ hn\ykn°p∂Xn\mbn \√ hn[Øn¬ ]cnioe\w kn≤n®Xpw icnbmb
B⁄mt{iWntbmSpIqSnbXpamb dnk¿Δv tk\bpsS ]cn]me\w;
(F¬) ]pXnbXmbn \nban°s∏Sp∂h¿°pw k¿Δoknep≈h¿°pw t]meokv
tkh\hpambn _‘s∏´ Imcyßfn¬, k¿°m¿ \n›bnt®°mhp∂ at‰sX¶nepw
hy‡nIƒ°pw kwLØn\pw D≈ ]cnioe\w;
(Fw) Ip‰IrXyw, Zpc¥w, A]ISw apXembhbpambn _‘s∏´v
{]XnIcn°Ø°hn[Øn¬ k÷am°nbn´p≈ I¨t{Smƒ dqapIƒ t]msebp≈
kvs]jyssekvUv dkvt]m¨kv bqWn‰pIƒ;
(F≥) Xt±iobtam {]tXyIambtXm Bb GsX¶nepw \nbaw \S∏nem°¬
As√¶n¬ GsX¶nepw {]tZiØv {]tXyIambn \nbaw \S∏nem°¬;
(H) UnPn‰¬ B‚ v ssk_¿ t]meoknwKv;
(]n) t]meokns‚ I¿Øhyßfnepw NpaXeIfnepw ê{]Zambn
klmbn°p∂Xn\v t^md≥knIv klmbItkh\ßƒ;
(Iyq) `cW]cw, [\Imcyw, tUmIypsat‚j≥ F∂o Imcyßfnep≈ \S]SnIfneqsS
t]meokv {]h¿Ø\ßƒ°pth≠nbp≈ `cW]camb klmbI tkh\ßƒ;
(B¿) hnhn[XcØnep≈ HmôkpIfpsSbpw t]meokv ÿm]\ßfpsSbpw
{]h¿Ø\Øn¬ klmbn°p∂Xn\pw AhiytPmenIfmb hrØnbm°¬, shSn∏m°¬,
]mNIw, D]IcWßfpsSbpw {]tZißfpsSbpw ]cn]me\w apXembhbv°pw Bhiyamb
s]mXphmb klmbI tkh\ßƒ;
(Fkv) hnhn[ t]meokv tkh\ßfpambn _‘s∏´ kmaqlnIhpw
sXmgn¬]chpamb Imcyßƒ°pw B[p\nI t]meokv tkh\Øns‚ hnImkØn\pw
\nhmcW At\zjWmflI kt¶Xßƒ°pw th≠nbp≈ ]T\ßfpw KthjW hnIk\
klmbhpw.
(3) k¿°m¿ Cu bqWn‰pIsf k÷am°pIbpw AØcw bqWn‰pIsf kt¶XnIhpw
sXmgn¬]chpamb £aXbpsS D∂X \nehmcØn¬ {]h¿Øn°phm≥ {]m]vXam°p∂Xn\v
DtZymKÿ¿°v Bhiyamb ]cnioe\ {IaoIcWßƒ G¿s∏SpØpIbpw sNtø≠XmWv.
(4) (1)˛mw D]hIp∏n≥ Iogn¬ cq]oIcn°s∏´ AØcw bqWn‰pIfn¬ k¿°m¿
hn\n¿t±in°mhp∂ {]Imcap≈ DtZymK]Zhnbnep≈ t]meokv DtZymKÿtcm
t]meoknXc DtZymKÿtcm c≠pwIqSntbm Dƒs∏tS≠Xpw k¿°mcn\v AhcpsS tkh\
hyhÿIƒ, Ah¿°p \¬tI≠Xmb {]tXyI Aeh≥kpIƒ, Bhiyamb {]tXyI
tbmKyXIƒ, sshZKv≤yw Ah¿°v hy‡nKXamtbm Iq´mtbm e`yamt°≠ {]tXyI
kuIcyßƒ F∂nh \n›bn°mhp∂XmWv.
22. Hcp t]meokv DtZymKÿ\v kzbw IogptZymKÿs‚ I¿Øhyßƒ
\n¿Δln°mhp∂XmsW∂v ˛ Hcp t]meokv DtZymKÿ\v, Xs‚ IogptZymKÿ\v
\nba{]Imctam \nba{]Imcap≈ DØchv hgntbm G¬∏n®psImSp°s∏´ GsXmcp
NpaXebpw kzbw \n¿Δln°mhp∂Xpw A{]Imcap≈ IogptZymKÿ\v GsX¶nepw
I¿Øhyßƒ G¬∏n°s∏ń´p≈ kwKXnbn¬ taeptZymKÿ\mb Hcp t]meokv
Bôk¿°v, Bhiysa∂p t_m≤yamIp∂]£w, \nba]me\Øn\v IqSpX¬ ]q¿Ætam
kuIcy{]Ztam Bb {]`mhw \¬Ip∂Xnt\m \nbaewL\w Hgnhm°p∂Xnt\m
Bhiysat∂m bp‡sat∂m DØat_m≤yaps≠¶n¬, AbmfpsS kz¥w \S]Sn
aptJ\tbm As√¶n¬ AbmfpsS B⁄bpsStbm A[nImcØns‚tbm Iogn¬
\nba]cambn {]h¿Øn°p∂ GsX¶nepw Bfns‚ \S]Sn aptJ\tbm Xs‚
IogptZymKÿs‚ \S]Snsb klmbn°pItbm ]cnt]mjn∏n°pItbm AXnewLn°pItbm
XSbpItbm sNømhp∂XmWv.
23. {Iakam[m\Øn¬ \n∂pw At\zjWw th¿Xncn°¬ ˛ (1) k¿°mcn\v, Hcp
{]tZisØ P\kwJytbm \nehnep≈ kmlNcytam IW°nseSpØv hn\n¿t±in°mhp∂
AØcw {]tZiØv thKØnep≈Xpw ê{]Zhpw s{]m^jWepamb At\zjWw
Dd∏phcpØp∂Xn\mbn DØchphgn {Iakam[m\ ]cn]me\ NpaXebp≈ t]meokn¬
\n∂pw At\zjW NpaXebp≈ t]meokns\ th¿Xncn°mhp∂XmWv.
(2) (1)˛mw D]hIp∏v {]Imcw t]meokv tk\bpsS th¿Xncn°s∏´ c≠v
hn`mKßfpsSbpw kºq¿Æamb GtIm]\w Pn√m t]meokv ta[mhn Dd∏phcptØ≠XmWv.
24. kwÿm\ kpc£m IΩoj≥.˛ (1) k¿°m¿. Kk‰v hn⁄m]\whgn Cu BIv‰v
{]Imcw \njvI¿jn°s∏ń´p≈ NpaXeIfpw I¿Øhyßfpw \n¿Δln°p∂Xn\pambn Hcp
kwÿm\ kpc£m IΩoj≥ cq]oIcnt°≠XmWv.
(2) IΩoj\n¬ C\n ]dbp∂ AwKßƒ D≠mbncn°p∂XmWv, AXmbXv:˛
(i) B`y¥c hIp∏ns‚ NpaXebp≈ a{¥n, IΩojs‚ sNb¿am\mbncn°p∂XmWv;
(ii) \nbahIp∏ns‚ NpaXebp≈ a{¥n;
(iii) {]Xn]£ t\Xmhv;
(iv) tIcfm sslt°SXn No^v PÃnkv \ma\n¿t±iw sNøp∂ Hcp dn´tb¿Uv
sslt°mSXn PUvPn;
(v) No^v sk{I´dn, FIvkv˛H^ntjym;
(vi) B`y¥c hIp∏v sk{I´dn, FIvkv˛H^ntjym;
(vii) kwÿm\ t]meokv ta[mhn, FIvkv˛H^ntjym;
(viii) {Iakam[m\ ]me\w, `cW \n¿ΔlWw, a\pjymhImißƒ, \nbaw,
kmaqlytkh\w, s]mXp`cW \SØn∏v F∂nhbn¬ hn]peamb hn⁄m\hpw
]cnNbhpapff s]mXp PohnXØnse {]apJcmb hy‡nIfn¬ \n∂pw Kh¿Æ¿ \ma
\n¿t±iw sNøp∂ aq∂v A\utZymKnI AwKßƒ Ahcn¬ Hcmƒ h\nXbmbncnt°≠
XmWv;
(3) kwÿm\ t]meokv ta[mhn IΩojs‚ sk{I´dnbmbncn°p∂XmWv.
(4) \ma\n¿t±iw sNøs∏´ Hmtcm AwKhpw cmPnbmtem, acWØmtem a‰v hn[Øntem
t\ctØ Xs∂ AhcpsS ÿm\w HgnhmImØ]£w A©v h¿j°metØ°v ÿm\w
hlnt°≠Xpw ]p\¿\ma\n¿t±iØn\v tbmKycmbncn°p∂XpamWv.
(5) \ma\n¿t±iw sNøs∏´ Hcp AwKw aXnbmb ImcWan√msX XpS¿®bmbn
IΩojs‚ ap∂n¬ IqSpX¬ tbmKßfn¬ lmPcmImØ]£w IΩojs‚ sNb¿am\v
AØcw AwKsØ IΩojs‚ AwKXzØn¬ \n∂v \o°w sNømhp∂XmWv:
F∂m¬, AØcw \o°w sNøens\Xnsc ImcWw ImWn°m≥ \ymbamb Hcp
Ahkcw \¬Inbtija√msX bmsXmcwKsØbpw Cu D]hIp∏ns‚ hyhÿIƒ {]Imcw
\o°w sNøm≥ ]mSpffX√.
(6) \ma\n¿t±iw sNøs∏´ GsXmcp AwKØn\pw cmPnhbv°m\pff Xs‚ Dt±iyw
sNb¿am\v tcJmaqew t\mókv \¬Ins°m≠v A{]Imcw sNømhp∂Xpw A{]Imcapff
cmPn kzoIcn°s∏´m¬ AwKw ÿm\samgn™Xmbn IcpXs∏tS≠XpamWv.
(7) kpc£m IΩoj\nep≠mIp∂ HgnhpIƒ aq∂v amkØn\Iw \nItØ≠XmWv.
(8) IΩoj≥ AXnt‚Xmb {]h¿ØnIfpsS \S]Sn{Iaßfpw Imcy\n¿ΔlWhpw
{IaoIcnt°≠XmWv.
(9) \ma\n¿t±iw sNøs∏´ kwÿm\ kpc£m IΩoj≥ AwKßƒ°v
\¬tI≠Xmb ôkpw _ØIfpw AhcpsS tkh\ hyhÿIfpw \n¿Æbn°s∏Smhp∂
{]Imcambncn°pw.
25. IΩojs‚ NpaXeIƒ.˛ (1) IΩoj\v C\n∏dbp∂ NpaXeIƒ
D≠mbncn°p∂XmWv, AXmbXv:˛-
(F) kwÿm\Øv t]meokv tk\ {]h¿Øn°p∂Xn\pff s]mXphmb \b]camb
am¿§\n¿t±ißƒ°v cq]w \¬IpI;
(_n) t]meokns‚ Ip‰IrXy \nhmcW ZuXyØns‚bpw tkh\m[njv T nX
{]h¿Ø\ßfpsSbpw \SØn∏n\mbn \n¿t±ißƒ \¬IpI;
(kn) s]mXphn¬ kwÿm\sØ t]meokns‚ {]h¿Ø\w ImemImeßfn¬
hnebncpØpI.
(Un) IΩojs‚ {]h¿Ø\ßfpsS hm¿jnI dnt∏m¿´v Xømdm°pIbpw k¿°mcn\v
ka¿∏n°pIbpw sNøpI;
(C) kwÿm\ t]meokn¬ ImemImeßfn¬ D≠mtI≠ am‰ßƒ°v am¿§\n¿t±iw
Xømdm°n \¬IpI;
(F^v) k¿°m¿ G¬∏n®psImSp°p∂ a‰v NpaXeIƒ \n¿Δln°pI.
(2) (1) ˛mw D]hIp∏v (Un) JWvUØn≥Iogn¬ IΩoj≥ ka¿∏n°p∂ dnt∏m¿´v
sXm´SpØv hcp∂ ktΩf\Øn¬ \nbak` apºmsI hbvt°≠XmWv.
(3) IΩojs‚ bmsXmcp {]hrØntbbpw \S]SnItfbpw, Aßs\bpff {]hrØntbm
\S]SnItfm sNbvXtXm ]pds∏Sphn®tXm Bb kabØv IΩoj\n¬ GsX¶nepw
Hgnhp≠mbncp∂p F∂ ImcWØm¬ am{Xw Akm[phmbn IcpXs∏Sphm≥ ]mSpffX√.
(4) IΩoj≥ ]pds∏Sphn® GsX¶nepw am¿§\n¿t±ißtfm \n¿t±ißtfm
\nehneps≠¶nepw Hcp ASnb¥ncL´w t\cnSp∂Xn\mbn kμ¿`w A{]Imcw
Bhiys∏Sp∂ ]£w, k¿°mcn\v GsX¶nepw ImcysØ kw_‘n®v k¿°m¿
Bhiysa∂v IcpXp∂ \n¿t±ißƒ \nbam\pkcWw ]pds∏Sphn°mhp∂XmWv.
(5) IΩojs‚ \n¿t±ißƒ t]meokv hIp∏n\v _m[Iambncn°p∂XmWv:
F∂m¬, k¿°mcn\v ImcWßƒ FgpXn tcJs∏SpØnbXn\ptijw IΩojs‚
GsXmcp ip]m¿isbtbm \n¿t±isØtbm ]q¿Æamtbm `mKnIamtbm \nckn°pItbm
cq]t`Zs∏SpØpItbm sNømhp∂XmWv.
26. t]meokns‚ {]h¿Ø\w hnebncpØ¬.˛ (1) kwÿm\ kpc£m IΩoj≥, ap≥
kmºØnI h¿jØnse t]meokns‚ {]h¿Ø\w hnebncpØp∂Xn\pw ASpØ
kmºØnI h¿jØnte°pff {]h¿Ø\ \nehmcw \n¿t±in°p∂Xn\pambn t]meokv
{]h¿Ø\ßfntem s]mXp`cWØntem tkmtjymfPn As√¶n¬ {Inant\mfPn
]T\ßfntem kp]cnNnXcmb aq∂p hnZKv[¿ ASßp∂ Hcp ]m\ens\ Hmtcm h¿jhpw
\nbant°≠XmWv.
(2) (1)˛mw D]hIp∏v {]Imcw \nban°s∏Sp∂ ]m\ense AwKßƒ XpS¿®bmbn
c≠v XhWbn¬ IqSpX¬ AwKßfmbn XpScphm≥ ]mSpffX√.
(3) Ip‰IrXyßfpsS cPnÃ¿ sNø¬, t_m[]q¿Δw ]cnanXs∏SpØnb Ip‰IrXy
ÿnXnhnhc°W°pIƒ t]meokv Xømdm°p∂Xv \ncp’mls∏SpØn, Ip‰IrXyßƒ
Ipd™phcp∂p F∂v kqNn∏n°p∂Xn\mbn AØcw IW°pIƒ sXfnhmsbSp°p∂Xv
Hgnhm°m≥ {i≤n®psIm≠pw t]meokv hIp∏nse a\pjytijnhn\ntbmKhpw
hn`hhn\ntbmKhpw t]meokv \¬Ip∂ hnhn[ tkh\ßfpw t]meokns‚ G√m
taJeIfnepapff {]h¿Ø\ßfpw kw_‘n®v KpWta∑\nehmcßƒ BhjvIcn°m≥
{i≤n®psIm≠pw t]meokns‚ {]h¿Ø\ßƒ hnebncpØp∂Xn\mbn kwÿm\ kpc£m
IΩoj\v am\ZWvUßƒ \n›bn°mhp∂XmWv.
(4) kwÿm\ kpc£m IΩoj≥ Hmtcm h¿jhpw ASpØ kmºØnI h¿jØn¬
hnhn[ bqWn‰pIfpw imJIfpw ssIhcnt°≠Xmb I¿Øhy \n¿ΔlW\nehmcw
\n›bnt°≠Xpw BbXv \S∏pkmºØnI h¿jw am¿®v amkw H∂mw XobXn°papºmbn
_‘s∏´hsc Adnbnt°≠XpamWv.
A≤ymbw v
t]meokptZymKÿs‚ I¿Øhyßfpw DØchmZnXzßfpw
27. Hcp t]meokv DtZymKÿs‚ I¿Øhyw ˛ X∂n¬ `cta¬∏n°s∏´ IrXy\n¿ΔlW
taJebn¬, Cu BIv‰v {]Imcw \njvI¿jn°s∏´ t]meokv NpaXeIƒ Imcy£aambpw
ê{]Zambpw \n¿Δln°p∂Xn\pth≠n \ymbbp‡hpw \nbam\pkrXhpamb F√m
{]hrØnIfpw Gs‰Spt°≠Xv Hmtcm t]meokv DtZymKÿs‚bpw
I¿Øhyambncn°p∂XmWv.
28. t]meokptZymKÿs‚ {]XnIcWw ˛ Uyqńbnembncn°p∂ Hmtcm t]meokv
DtZymKÿ\pw am\knIhpw imcocnIhpambn PmKcqIambncnt°≠Xpw t]meokns‚
NpaXeIfpsS \n¿ΔlWw \nbam\pkrXw Bhiyap≈ GsX¶nepw kmlNcyw AbmfpsS
{i≤bn¬s∏´m¬ I¿Øhy \n¿ΔlWØn\mbn {]mtbmKnIambn Ignbp∂nStØmfw
thKØn¬ {]XnIcnt°≠XpamWv.
29. t]meokptZymKÿcpsS s]cpam‰w ˛ (1) Uyqńbnep≈ F√m t]meokv
DtZymKÿcpw s]mXpP\ßtfmSp≈ CSs]SepIfn¬ acymZbpw HuNnXyhpw
AhktcmNnXamb klm\p`qXnbpw {]ISn∏nt°≠Xpw k`yhpw am\yhpamb `mj
D]tbmKnt°≠XpamWv.
(2) \nba]camb GsX¶nepw Dt±iyw \ndth‰p∂Xn\v th≠nb√msX
t]meokptZymKÿ¿ B¿s°¶nepw FXncmbn _e{]tbmKw \SØphmt\m _e{]tbmKw
\SØpsat∂m As√¶n¬ {]XnIqeamb GsX¶nepw t]meokv \S]Sntbm \nba\S]Sntbm
kzoIcn°pw Ft∂m Btcbpw òjWns∏SpØphmt\m ]mSp≈X√.
(3) t]meokptZymKÿ¿ Ip‰IrXyØn\ncbmbhtcmSv {]tXyIamb klm\p`qXn
s]cpam‰Øn¬ {]ISn∏nt°≠Xpw kv{XoIƒ, IpńIƒ, apXn¿∂ ]uc∑m¿, IgnhpIfn¬
hyXykvXcmbh¿ F∂nhcpsS {]tXyImhiyßƒ°v ]cnKW\
\¬Ip∂hcpambncnt°≠XmWv.
(4) t]meokptZymKÿ¿ A\mhiyamb B{IatWm’pIXm {]IS\w
h¿÷nt°≠Xpw {]tIm]\ap≠mbm¬ Xs∂bpw Bfl\nb{¥Wan√mØ s]cpam‰w
Hgnhmt°≠XpamWv.
(5) t]meokptZymKÿcpsS ]cnNcWØntem IÃUnbntem D≈ BtcmSpw
tamiambn s]cpamdphmt\m k`ya√mØ `mj D]tbmKn°phmt\m ]mSpffX√.
(6) t]meokptZymKÿ¿ s]mXp ÿeØv {]Xy£s∏Sptºmƒ imcocnIambn
kpk÷cmbncnt°≠Xpw, GsX¶nepw NpaXe ipjvIm¥ntbmSpIqSn B kabw
\n¿Δln®Xpaqea√msX, aen\ambtXm hyØntbm shSnt∏m C√mØtXm Bb
Ahÿbne√ F∂v kzbw {i≤n®v Dd∏mt°≠XpamWv.
30. t]meokv DtZymKÿ¿ \√ BtcmKyÿnXn ImØp kq£nt°≠XmsW∂v ˛ (1)
F√m t]meokv DtZymKÿcpw imcocnIhpw am\knIhpamb \√ BtcmKy\ne
ImØpkq£nt°≠XmWv.
(2) kwÿm\ t]meokv ta[mhn°v , Cu hnjbw kw_‘n®v k¿°m¿
]pds∏Sphnt®°mhp∂ GsX¶nepw \n¿t±iØn\v hnt[bambn, {]mbw, enwKt`Zw,
tPmenbpsS kz`mhw, s]mXp kaqlØn¬ s]mXpsh \nehnep≈ Ahÿ F∂nhbv°v
aXnbmb ]cnKW\ \¬Ins°m≠v, Hcp t]meokv DtZymKÿ≥ ImØpkq£nt°≠
imcocnIhpw am\knIhpamb ImcytijnbpsS \nehmcw hn\n¿tZin°mhp∂XmWv.
(3) GsX¶nepw ]cnt°m NpaXem\n¿ΔlWtam NpaXem\n¿ΔlWØn\nSbn¬
t\cn´ kmlNcyw aqetam Zo¿L\mfsØ AkpJw sImt≠m (2) ˛mw D]hIp∏p{]Imcw
hn\n¿t±in°s∏´ \nehmcw ImØpkq£n°p∂Xn\v km[n°p∂n√ F¶n¬ bmsXmcp
t]meokv DtZymKÿt\mSpw, imcocnI \nehmcw ]pe¿Øp∂Xn¬ hogvNhcpØn F∂
ImcWØm¬ hnthN\w ImWn°phm≥ ]mSp≈X√:
F∂m¬, k¿°m¿ \n¿Æbn°p∂ am\ZWvUßƒ°pw \S]Sn{Iaßƒ°pw
hnt[bambn t]meokv tPmen sNøphm≥ imcocnIhpw am\knIhpw Bb Imcytijn
C√mØ Hcmsf \n¿_‘nX s]≥jt\m {]tXyI B\pIqeyßtfm \¬In k¿Δokn¬
\n∂v hnSpX¬ sNømhp∂XmWv.
(4) k¿°m¿, tIcfmt]meoknse AwKßƒ°nSbn¬ am\knIhpw imcocnIhpamb
BtcmKyw h¿≤n∏n°p∂Xn\v t{]m’ml\hpw ASnÿm\ kuIcyßfpw \¬Ip∂ {]tXyI
kwhn[m\ßƒ hn`htijnbv°v hnt[bambn G¿s∏SptØ≠XmWv.
31. t]meokv hnhcßƒ clkyambn kq£nt°≠XmsW∂v ˛ (1) GsX¶nepw
hy‡nbpsStbm ÿm]\Øns‚tbm {]h¿Ø\ßƒ kw_‘n®v t]meokv AhcpsS
I¿Øhy \n¿ΔlWØn\nSbn¬ tiJcn°p∂ F√m hnhcßfpw, GsX¶nepw HutZymKnI
Bhiyßƒ°v D]tbmKs∏SpØp∂Xn\√msX, clkyambn kq£nt°≠XmWv.
(2) Ip‰IrXyßƒ I≠p]nSn°p∂Xnt\m XSbp∂Xnt\m th≠n hnhcßƒ
{]kn≤s∏SpØp∂Xv HutZymKnI Bhiyßfn¬ Dƒs∏Sp∂XmWv.
(3) ]{Xßfntem GsX¶nepw Zriyam[yaßfntem {]kn≤oIcn°p∂Xn\v th≠n
kwÿm\ t]meokv ta[mhnbpsS A\paXnbn√msX IÃUnbnep≈ hy‡nIsf
{]Z¿in∏n°phmt\m AhcpsS t^mt´m FSp°p∂Xv A\phZn°phmt\m ]{XktΩf\w
\SØphmt\m ]mSp≈X√.
32. t]meokptZymKÿs‚ hniZoIcW _m≤yX ˛ (1) GsXmcp Bfnt\m As√¶n¬
AbmfpsS Xmev]cyw kwc£n°p∂ GsX¶nepw {]Xn\n[nt°m, Xs‚ icocsØtbm,
kzØns\tbm, Io¿Ønsbtbm {]XnIqeambn _m[n® GsXmcp t]meokv \S]SnbpsSbpw
ImcWw At\zjn°p∂Xn\pw Adnbp∂Xn\pw AhImiap≠mbncn°p∂XmWv.
(2) Hcp t]meokv DtZymKÿ≥, GsX¶nepw Hcmfns‚ icocsØtbm kzØnt\tbm
Io¿Øntbtbm A]mbs∏SpØphmt\m Ahsb {]XnIqeambn _m[n°phmt\m
km≤yXbp≈ GsXmcp {]hrØn sNøptºmgpw AØcw {]hrØnsb \nb{¥n°p∂
GsX¶nepw \nba{]Imctam As√¶n¬ kwÿm\ t]meokv ta[mhnbpsS DØchv
{]Imctam Hmtcm {]tXyI kmlNcyØnepw \ymbambn {]mtbmKnIamb coXnbn¬ Xs‚
\S]SnIƒ kw_‘n®v tcJIƒ Xømdm°n kq£nt°≠XmWv;
F∂m¬, \S∂psIm≠ncn°p∂ At\zjWØnt\m, hnNmcWbvt°m cmjv{SØns‚
kpc£mXmev]cyØnt\m, lm\nIcamIpsa∂ ImcWØm¬, GsX¶nepw Bfn\v hnhcw
\¬ImXncn°p∂Xn\v Cu hIp∏n¬ ASßnbncn°p∂ bmsXm∂pw Xs∂
XS ambncn°bn√.
33. t]meokn\pw s]mXpP\ßƒ°pw HmUntbm, hoUntbm, As√¶n¬ CeIvt{SmWnIv
dn°m¿UpIƒ kq£n®p hbv°mhp∂XmsW∂v ˛ (1) t]meokn\v AhcpsS NpaXeIƒ
\n¿Δln°p∂Xn\nSbn¬ sNbvX GsXmcp {]hrØnbpsSbpw HmUntbm, hoUntbm
As√¶n¬ CeIvt{SmWnIv dn°m¿UpIƒ Xømdm°n kq£n°mhp∂Xpw Aßs\bp≈
dn°m¿UpIƒ t]meokv \S]SnbpsS kXymhÿ tNmZyw sNøs∏Sp∂ GsXmcp
\S]Sn{Iaßfnepw D]tbmKs∏SpØmhp∂XpamWv.
(2) Hcp t]meokv DtZymKÿ\pw, GsX¶nepw s]mXpÿetØm kzImcy ÿetØm
\S°p∂ GsX¶nepw t]meokv {]h¿Ø\Øns‚tbm \S]SnbpsStbm HmUntbm, hoUntbm
As√¶n¬ CeIvt{SmWnIv dn°m¿UpIƒ s]mXpP\ßfn¬ Bsc¶nepw \nbahnt[bambn
FSp°p∂Xns\ XSbphm≥ ]mSp≈X√.
34. t]meokn\v ]cmXn Fßs\ \¬IWsa∂v . ˛ 1973 se {Inan\¬ \S]Sn
\nbakwlnXbnse (1974 se 2˛mw tI{μ BIv‰v ) hyhÿIƒ°v hnt[bambn t]meokn\p≈
Hcp ]cmXn hmMvaqetam tcJaqeamtbm BwKyØneqsStbm ASbmfØneqsStbm
As√¶n¬ UnPn‰tem CeIvt{SmWnt°m Bb D]m[nIfneqsStbm \¬Imhp∂Xpw
]cmXnbnt∑¬ _‘s∏´ t]meokv DtZymKÿ≥ DNnXamb \nba\S]Sn FSp°phm≥
_m≤yÿ\mbncn°p∂XpamWv.
35. km£nItfmSv t]meokv am\yambn s]cpamtd≠XmsW∂v.˛ (1) \nbam\pkrXambn
Xm≥ HutZymKnIambn Bcmtb≠p∂ GsX¶nepw ImcysØ kw_‘n®v hkvXpXIfpw
kmlNcyßfpw GsX¶nepw Bfn\v Adnhps≠¶n¬ Hcp t]meokv DtZymKÿ\v AØcw
Bfns\ A\mhiyambn _p≤napń°p∂n√ F∂v Dd∏m°nsIm≠v B Bfnt\mSv A°mcyw
Bcm™v Adnbp∂Xn\p≈ \S]Sn FSp°mhp∂XmWv.
(2) km[mcWbmbn, AØcw F√m BfpIsfbpw, AhcpsS XmakÿetØm tPmen
ÿetØm Ah¿ AhnsS D≈t∏mƒ kao]nt°≠Xpw Cu BhiyØn\mbn IpńIsftbm,
kv{XoIsftbm, apXn¿∂ ]uc∑msctbm t]meokv tÃj\nte°v hnfn®phcpØphm≥
]mSn√mØXpamWv.
(3) GsX¶nepw hkvXpXtbm kmlNcytam Bcm™dnbp∂Xn\mbn t]meokns\
klmbnt°≠n h∂p F∂ ImcWØm¬ GsX¶nepw Bƒ°v GsX¶nepw Znhkw Xs‚
thX\w \jvSamIp∂{X KuchXcamb AkuIcyw D≠mIpIbmsW¶n¬ Abmƒ°v
{Inan\¬ PÃnkv an te\nbkv FIv k v s ]≥kkv ^≠n¬ \n∂v s]mXphmbn
\n¿Æbnt®°mhp∂ am\ZWvUßƒ°p hnt[bambn kwÿm\ t]meokv ta[mhn
\n›bn°p∂ XpI \¬tI≠XmWv.
36. Bhiys∏´m¬ Xncn®dnbp∂Xn\p≈ hy‡nhnhcßƒ \¬tI≠XmsW∂v ˛ (1)
Hcp t]meokv DtZymKÿ≥ aXnbmb ImcWßfm¬ Bhiys∏´m¬ GsXmcmfpw Xs∂
Xncn®dnbp∂Xn\p≈ hy‡nhnhcßƒ \¬tI≠XmWv.
(2) Hcp hy‡nbpsS Xncn®dnb¬ Dd∏m°p∂Xn\mhiyamb DNnXhpw \ymbhpamb
\S]SnIƒ B t]meokv DtZymKÿ\v kzoIcn°mhp∂Xpw Cu BhiyØnte°mbn Hmtcm
kμ¿`Øn\pw DNnXamb coXnbn¬ Aßs\bp≈ hy‡n]camb Xncn®dnb¬ tcJIƒ
{]kvXpX t]meokptZymKÿ\v krjvSn°pItbm Xømdm°pItbm sNømhp∂XpamWv.
(3) bmsXmcmfnt\bpw Abmƒ \¬Inb Xncn®dnb¬ hnhcßƒ
]cntim[nt°≠Xps≠∂ ImcWØm¬ am{Xw Cu hIp∏p {]Imcap≈ A[nImcw
ImcWam°n Hcp coXnbnepw AdÃpsNøphmt\m IÃUnbn¬ kq£n°phmt\m k©mc
\nb{¥WØn\v hnt[b\m°mt\m ]mSp≈X√.
(4) Cu hIp∏p {]Imcw A[nImcw hn\ntbmKn°p∂ F√m t]meokptZymKÿcpw
kzbw a‰p≈h¿°v ImWØ° hn[Øn¬ Xncn®dnb¬ _mUvPv As√¶n¬ Im¿Uv
[cn®ncnt°≠Xpw Bsc¶nepw Bhiys∏´m¬ Aßs\bp≈ HutZymKnI Xncn®dnb¬
tcJ Ahsc ImWnt°≠XpamWv.
37. kzImcy ÿeßfn¬ t]meokn\p≈ {]thi\w.˛ kpc£ Dd∏m°p∂Xnt\m
Bk∂amb A]ISw Hgnhm°p∂Xnt\m th≠n Hmtcm t]meokv DtZymKÿ\pw BNmcw,
acymZ, kzImcyX, HuNnXyw F∂nhbv°v X°Xmb ]cnKW\ \¬Ins°m≠v, icnsb∂pw
aXnbmbsX∂pw Aßs\bp≈ DtZymKÿ\p \ymboIcW _m≤yÿXbpw
DØchmZnXzhpw D≈ ImcWaps≠¶n¬, GsXmcp kzImcy ÿeØpw
{]thi\ap≠mbncn°p∂XmWv:
F∂m¬, Hcp t]meokv DtZymKÿ≥, Cu A[nImcw hn\ntbmKn°p∂Xn\p apºv,
sIńSØns‚bpw ]cnkcØns‚bpw NpaXebp≈ hy‡nbpsS klIcWhpw kΩXhpw
t\Sm≥ km≤yamIp∂nStØmfw {iant°≠XmWv.
38. Ip‰IrXyw XSbp∂Xn\v t]meokv CSs]tS≠XmsW∂v ˛ (1) Hcp t]meokv
DtZymKÿ≥ AbmfpsS km∂n≤yØntem kao]tØm \S∂p sIm≠ncn°p∂tXm
\S°m≥ t]mIp∂tXm Bb GsX¶nepw Ip‰IrXyw AbmfpsS Ignhns‚ ]camh[n
\nba]cambn CSs]´v XStb≠Xpw Ahkm\n∏nt°≠XpamWv.
(2) Cu BhiyØn\mbn Abmƒ°v ÿeØp≈ GsX¶nepw Imbi‡nbp≈
{]mb]q¿Ønbmb hy‡nbpsS tkh\w \nbam\pkrXw Bhiys∏Smhp∂Xpw
kzoIcn°mhp∂Xpw \ymbamb ImcWan√msX bmsXmcmfpw ÿeØv k∂nlnX\mb
DtZymKÿ≥ \¬Inb A{]Imcap≈ \nbam\pkrXhpw \ymbhpamb \n¿t±ißƒ
A\pkcn°mXncn°phm≥ ]mSn√mØXpamIp∂p.
(3) A{]Imcap≈ \n¿t±ißƒ A\pkcn°mXncp∂p F∂ ImcWw sIm≠pam{Xw
Hcp hy‡nsb Hcp t]meokv DtZymKÿ\pw AdÃv sNømt\m \o°w sNømt\m ]mSp≈X√.
am{Xa√ Bhiys∏´ tkh\w X’abw \¬Inbn√ F∂ ImcWØm¬ Abmƒs°Xncmbn
Pn√m t]meokv ta[mhnbpsS ap≥Iq¿ A\paXnbn√msX bmsXmcp \nba \S]SnIfpw
kzoIcn°m\pw ]mSn√mØXmIp∂p.
39. t]meokns‚ \nba{]Imcap≈ \n¿t±ißƒ ]ment°≠XmsW∂v ˛ (1) Cu
BIv ‰ n≥ Iognep≈ Xs‚ NpaXeIƒ \n¿Δln°p∂Xn\pth≠n Hcp t]meokv
DtZymKÿ≥ \¬Ip∂ \nba{]Imcap≈ \n¿t±ißƒ F√mhcpw ]ment°≠XmWv.
(2) \nbaw A\pimkn°p∂ GsX¶nepw \n¿t±iw A\pkcn°s∏Sp∂p
F∂pd∏phcpØp∂Xn\v Cu BIvt‰m AXn≥Iogn¬ D≠m°nb GsX¶nepw N´tam,
dKptejt\m, DØcthm {]Imcw Hcp t]meokv DtZymKÿ\n¬ \n£n]vXamb GsX¶nepw
\nbam\pkrX NpaXe \n¿Δln°p∂Xn\nSbv°v, Hcp t]meokv DtZymKÿ\v,˛
(F) GsX¶nepw \nba{]Imctam As√¶n¬ GsX¶nepw \nbaØn≥ Iogn¬
D≠m°nb GsX¶nepw N´tam DØcthm {]Imctam in£m¿lamb Hcp Ip‰IrXyw sNøm≥
Hcpßp∂ Hcmƒ°v AXv XSbp∂Xn\mbn ap∂dnbn∏p \¬Imhp∂XmWv;
(_n) GsXmcp BtfmSpw, Abmƒ kz¥w ImcyØntem as‰mcmfpsS ImcyØntem
Xs‚ NpaXebnep≈ GsX¶nepw ImcyØntem {]h¿Ønt°≠ coXn \n¿Æbn°p∂
GsXmcp \nbahpw ]men°phm≥ Bhiys∏Smhp∂XmWv;
(kn) (F)˛bpw (_n)˛bpw C\ßfnse hyhÿIƒ°v hnt[bambn, Ip‰w
sNbvXpsIm≠ncn°p∂tXm As√¶n¬ t]meokv DtZymKÿs‚ km∂n≤yØn¬ Ip‰IrXyw
sNbvXtXm Bb GsXmcmtfbpw, Aßs\bp≈ AdÃv \nbam\pkrXw BhiyamsW∂v
IcpXp∂]£w, AdÃv sNømhp∂XmWv;
(Un) Ip‰IrXyw sNøm\p]tbmKn®tXm, AXn\pth≠n DS≥ D]tbmKn°m≥
t]mIp∂tXm Bb GsXmcp hkvXphpw ]nSns®Sp°mhp∂XmWv;
(C) GsX¶nepw Hcp hkvXphpambn _‘s∏´v Hcp Ip‰IrXyw \S∂n´ps≠¶n¬,
AØcØnep≈ Ip‰IrXyw XSbp∂Xnt\m AtX∏‰n At\zjWw \SØp∂Xnt\m, AØcw
]nSns®Sp°¬ BhiyamsW¶n¬, B hkvXp ]nSns®Sp°mhp∂XmWv.
40. t]meokn\v \o°w sNømsa∂v.˛(1) s]mXpP\ßƒ lmPcp≈ ÿeØv At©m
AXne[nItam BfpIƒ, Hcp t]meokv DtZymKÿ≥ \¬Inb GsX¶nepw \n¿t±iw
sNdpØp \n¬°pItbm \nckn°pItbm As√¶n¬ Ah ]men°p∂Xn¬ hogvN
hcpØpItbm sNbvXm¬, {]kvXpX t]meokv DtZymKÿ\v, Cu BIv‰nsetbm at‰sX¶nepw
\nbaØnsetbm GsX¶nepw hyhÿ {]Imcw Abmƒ°v ssIs°m≈mhp∂ at‰sX¶nepw
\S]Snsb _m[n°msX Xs∂, AØcw BfpIsf s]mXpP\ßƒ°v {]thi\ap≈Xpw
kao]Øp≈Xpw ]ckys∏SpØnbXpamb Hcp ÿetØ°v \o°w sNøn°mhp∂Xpw,
AhcpsS t]cpw ta¬hnemkhpw Bcm™v Adn™v tcJs∏SpØnbXn\ptijw, Ahsc
F{Xbpw thKw hn´bbvt°≠XpamWv:
F∂m¬, bmsXmcp ImcWhimepw A{]Imcw \o°w sNbvXhsc aq∂p aWn°qdn¬
IqSpX¬ kq£n°phm≥ ]mSp≈X√.
(2) aq∂p aWn°qdpIƒ°Iw hn´b°s∏Sp∂ Aßs\bp≈ Iq´mb \o°w sNø¬
Hcp Ip‰IrXysØ kw_‘n® AdÃmbn IcpXs∏Sphm≥ ]mSp≈X√.
41. {]tXyI A[nImcs∏SpØ¬ Bhiyap≈ Ip‰IrXyßfn¬ t]meokv \S]Sn. ˛ (1)
Hcp t]meokv DtZymKÿ\v, Xs‚ ]Zhnbmtem A[nImcnXbmtem AdÃpsNøphmt\m
]nSns®Sp°phmt\m GsX¶nepw {]tXyI \nba{]Imcw A[nImcs∏SpØnbnń√mØ
GsX¶nepw sImss·k_nƒ Ip‰Øn¬ {]Xy£Øn¬Xs∂ hy‡ambn Dƒs∏´ Hcmsftbm
hkvXphns\tbm, \S]SnIƒ kzoIcn°p∂Xn\v \nba]cambn £aXbp≈ as‰mcp t]meokv
DtZymKÿt\m A[nImcntbm hs∂Øn \nba{]Imcw \S]SnIƒ FSp°p∂Xv
km≤yam°p∂Xn\pth≠n, ]camh[n BdpaWn°q¿ kabtØ°v ImØpkq£n°m
hp∂XmWv.
(2) ta¬ D]hIp∏p {]Imcw e`yamb A[nImcw Hcp t]meokptZymKÿ≥
D]tbmKn°p∂Xv Abmƒ A{]Imcw {]h¿Øn®ns√¶n¬ £aXbp≈ DtZymKÿs‚tbm
A[nImcnbpsStbm A`mhwaqew Ip‰hmfn c£s∏Sphmt\m sXfnhpIƒ
\in∏n°s∏Sphmt\m \ymbamb km≤yXbp≈ kmlNcyßfn¬ am{Xambncnt°≠XmWv.
(3) A{]Imcw Hcp t]meokv DtZymKÿ≥ {]h¿Øn°ptºmƒ BbXv \ymbamb
{]mtbmKnIXbv ° v hnt[bambn ÿeØv e`yamb tbmKycmb km£nIfpsS
km∂n≤yØnepw Bfns\tbm hkvXphns\tbm ImØpkq£nt°≠Xv B {]tXyI
kmlNcyØn¬ \ymbhpw bp‡hpw DNnXhpamb ÿeØpw Bbncnt°≠XmWv.
42. {Iakam[m\]me\hpw A]mbßƒ XSbepw.˛(1) GsX¶nepw ÿeØv
KpcpXcamb {IacmlnXytam kam[m\ ewL\tam, IqSnbncn°p∂ P\ßƒ°v {]ISambXpw
DS≥ kw`hn°mhp∂Xpamb A]mbtam XSbp∂Xn\pth≠n AØcw ÿeØp
k∂nlnX\mb A[nImcnXbp≈ GsXmcp t]meokv DtZymKÿ\pw, Abmƒ°v
Bhiysa∂v IcpXp∂ \ymbamb \n¿t±ißƒ AØcw ÿeßfnse BfpIfpsS
s]cpam‰w kw_‘n®v \¬Imhp∂Xpw AØcw \n¿t±ißƒ F√m BfpIfpw ]men°phm≥
_m≤yÿcmbncn°p∂XpamWv.
(2) GXp t]meokv DtZymKÿ\pw, (1)˛mw D]hIp∏nse hyhÿIƒ {]m_eyØn¬
hcpØp∂Xn\mbn, s]mXpP\km∂n≤yap≈ kzImcy ÿm]\ßƒ Dƒs∏sSbp≈, F√m
s]mXpÿeßfnte°pw kzX{¥amb {]thi\ap≠mbncn°p∂XmWv.
43. t]meokv bqWnt^mw hyXykvXhpw {]tXyIhpw Ffp∏Øn¬ Xncn®dnbm≥
Ignbp∂Xpw Bbncnt°≠XmsW∂v ˛ (1) t]meokv DtZymKÿcpsS bqWnt^mw,
hyXykvXhpw {]tXyIhpw Ffp∏Øn¬ Xncn®dnbphm≥ Ignbp∂Xpambncn°Ww F∂
Bhiyw ap≥\n¿Øn, kwÿm\ t]meokv ta[mhn°v k¿°mcns‚ ap≥Iqńbp≈
s]mXphmb AwKoImctØmSpIqSn, F√m ]Zhnbnepw hn`mKßfnepw D≈ t]meokv
DtZymKÿcpsS bqWnt^mw F¥mbncn°Ww F∂v hn\n¿t±in°mhp∂XmWv.
(2) bqWnt^mw [cnt°≠ kμ¿`ßfpw coXnbpw bqWnt^mw \n¿_‘ambpw
[cn®ncnt°≠Xpw C—m\pkcWw [cnt°≠Xpw [cnt°≠Xn√mØXpamb tPmenIfpw
GsX∂v kwÿm\ t]meokv ta[mhn°v hn\n¿t±in°mhp∂XmWv.
(3) t]meokv DtZymKÿ≥ Ft∏mgpw Xs‚ bqWnt^mw DNnXhpw tbmKyhpw
tISp]mSpIƒ C√mØXpw Bb ÿnXnbn¬, hrØntbmSpIqSn kq£nt°≠XmWv.
(4) HutZymKnI Bhiyßƒ°mbn Aßs\ sNøp∂ Hcp t]meokv
DtZymKÿ\√mØ bmsXmcmfpw, Iem]ctam imkv { X kw_‘nbmbtXm Bb
BhiyØn\√msX, t]meokv bqWnt^mtam, t]meokv bqWnt^mw F∂ tXm∂¬
Dfhm°p∂tXm Bb bmsXmcp thjhpw [cn°phm≥ ]mSn√mØXmWv.
(5) Hcp {]tXyI thjw AØcsamcp tXm∂¬ Dfhm°p∂pthm F∂Xv, B thjw
[cn®ncn°p∂ Hcp hy‡n Hcp \nco£I\n¬ \n∂v kpam¿ Ccp]Ønb©v ao‰¿ AIse
\n¬°ptºmƒ B thj[mcn bqWnt^mw [cn® Hcp t]meokv DtZymKÿ\msW∂v
\nco£I\v tXm∂p∂pt≠m C√tbm F∂Xns‚ ASnÿm\Øn¬ kwÿm\ t]meokv
ta[mhn A[nImcs∏SpØp∂ Hcp DtZymKÿ≥ Xocpam\nt°≠XmWv.
44. t]meokv Uyqń hml\ßƒ hyXykvXhpw {]tXyIhpw Xncn®dnbm≥ Ignbp∂Xpw
Bbncnt°≠XmsW∂v ˛ (1) kwÿm\ t]meokv ta[mhn°v, k¿°mcns‚ ap≥Iqńbp≈
AwKoImctØmSpIqSn, t]meokv hml\ßƒ hyXykvXhpw {]tXyIhpw s]mXpP\ßƒ°v
Ffp∏Øn¬ Xncn®dnbphm≥ Ignbp∂Xpambncn°Wsa∂ Bhiyw ap≥\n¿Øn Hmtcm
t]meokv Uyqń hml\Øns‚bpw \ndw, ASbmfßƒ, k÷oIcWßƒ, hml\Øns‚
`mKambn LSn∏nt°≠ D]IcWßƒ F∂nh hn\n¿t±in°mhp∂XmWv.
(2) hn\n¿t±in°s∏´ cq]Ønep≈ t]meokns‚ F√m Uyqń hml\ßfpw
ASnb¥nctam {][m\ambtXm Bb at‰sX¶nepw tPmenbn¬ B kabw hym]rXas√¶n¬
GsXmcmfns‚bpw ASnb¥ncamb klmbm`y¿∞\tbmSv {]XnIcn®v \ymbhpw
kμ¿t`mNnXhpamb t]meokv klmbw \¬tI≠Xn\mbn D]tbmKs∏SptØ≠XmWv.
(3) HutZymKnI BhiyØn\mbn Aßs\ sNøp∂ t]meokv DtZymKÿ\√mØ
bmsXmcmfpw, Iem]ctam imkv{Xkw_‘ntbm Bb BhiyØn\√msX GsXmcp
hml\tØbpw AXv Hcp t]meokv hml\amsW∂ tXm∂¬ Dfhm°p∂ ÿnXnbn¬
kq£n°phmt\m D]tbmKn°phmt\m ]mSn√mØXpw Hcp \n¿±njvS hml\w AØcsamcp
tXm∂¬ Dfhm°p∂pthm F∂Xv B hml\Øn¬ \n∂v kpam¿ \qdv ao‰¿ AIse
\n¬°p∂ Hcp km[mcW \nco£I\v, {]kvXpX hml\w t]meokns‚ Uyqń hml\ambn
tXm∂p∂pt≠m C√tbm F∂Xns‚ ASnÿm\Øn¬ kwÿm\ t]meokv ta[mhn
A[nImcs∏SpØp∂ Hcp DtZymKÿ\v Xocpam\n°mhp∂XmWv.
45. {]iv\_m[nX {]tZißfn¬ {]tXyI A[nImcßƒ ˛ (1) h¿§obtam cmjv{Sobtam
Bb ImcWßfmtem A{IaØmtem òIc{]h¿Ø\tam tZihncp≤Xtbm aqetam
GsX¶nepw {]tZiØv A{Iaßfpw, hn[zwkI {]h¿Ø\ßfpw s]mXpkzØv \in∏n°epw
hym]Iambpw Zp lambpw _m[n®m¬, k¿°mcn\v, B {]tZisØ Hcp {]iv\_m[nX
{]tZiambn {]Jym]n°mhp∂XmWv.
(2) Hcp {]tZiw {]iv\_m[nX {]tZiambn {]Jym]n°s∏´m¬ Pn√m t]meokv ta[mhn
\ntbmKn°p∂Xpw sU]yqń t]meokv kq{]≠ns‚ dm¶n¬ IpdbmØXpamb DtZymKÿ\v
{Iakam[m\ ]me\Øns‚ Xm¬∏cym¿∞w,˛
(F) B {]tZiØv BfpIfpsSbpw hml\ßfpsSbpw k©mcØn\v \ymbamb
]cnanXnIƒ G¿s∏SpØpIbpw;
(_n) B {]tZiØv GsX¶nepw BfpsS {]h¿Ø\ßƒ°v \nb{¥Ww
G¿s∏SpØnbns√¶n¬ Abmƒ {Iakam[m\ ]me\Øn\v `wKw hcpØp∂ {]h¿Ø\ßƒ
\SØpsa∂v t]meokn\v hkvXpXm]cambn t_m≤yap≈ ]£w, Abmƒ FhnsSbmWv
F∂v Abmƒ, t]meokns\ t]meokv \n¿t±in°p∂ coXnbn¬ Adnbn®p
sIm≠ncn°Wsa∂v Abmƒ°v DØchv \¬IpIbpw;
(kn) B {]tZiØv Bbp[ßfpsSbpw kvt^mSIhkvXp°fpsSbpw ssek≥kv
kkvs]‚ v sNøpIbpw, ssek≥kv D≈htcmSv AhcpsS Bbp[ßƒ kq£n°phm≥
t]meokns\ G¬∏n°m≥ \n¿t±in°pIbpw;
(Un) B {]tZitØ°v {]thin°p∂tXm As√¶n¬ AhnsS \n∂v hn´pt]mIp∂tXm
Bb GsXmcmsftbm, hml\sØtbm, Is≠bv\sdtbm ]cntim[n∏n°pIbpw;
sNømhp∂XmWv.
46. AdÃv sNøs∏´hcpsS taep≈ \nb{¥Ww.-˛ (1) Hcp t]meokv DtZymKÿ\v,
Abmƒ AdÃv sNbvXbmƒ IÃUnbn¬ \n∂pw \nbahncp≤ambn c£s∏Sp∂n√m F∂v
Dd∏phcpØphm≥ DNnXamb _‘\ kwhn[m\ß¬ D]tbmKn°mhp∂Xpw Aßs\
c£s∏Sm≥ {ian°p∂ Bƒs°Xncmbn Bhiyamb _e{]tbmKw \SØmhp∂XpamWv.
(2) AdÃv sNøp∂ t]meokv DtZymKÿ≥, AdÃv sNøs∏´bmƒ
ssIhneßne√mØ]£w IÃUnbn¬ \n∂pw c£s∏Spsat∂m a‰p≈hsctbm
Xs∂Øs∂tbm D]{Zhw G¬∏n°psat∂m hnizkn°m≥ X° ImcWans√¶ntem,
{]kvXpX ImcWßƒ B DtZymKÿ≥ FgpXn tcJs∏SpØnbnńs√¶ntem AdÃv
sNøs∏´bmsf \nb{¥n°p∂Xn\mbn ssIhneßv D]tbmKn°m≥ ]mSp≈X√.
(3) Hcmƒ AdÃv sNøs∏´v t]meokv IÃUnbnencn°ptºmƒ kμ¿`Øn\v \ymbambn
tbmPn® am\yamb coXnbn¬ Abmƒ ]Xnhmbn [cn®p ioen® thjw D]tbmKn°phm≥
Abmsf A\phZnt°≠XmWv.
47. NnØtcmKnIƒ, aZy]m\nIƒ, AkpJap≈h¿ F∂nhsc IÃUnbn¬
kq£n°p∂Xv ˛- (1) _p≤n{àØmtem, NnØtcmKw aqetam, elcnbpsS D]tbmKwaqetam
a‰phn[Øntem kzbw kwc£n°m≥ Ai‡cmbtXm a‰p≈h¿°v D]{Zhw
D≠m°phm\nSbp≈tXm Bb Hcmsf t]meokn\v kpc£m IÃUnbn¬
FSp°mhp∂XmWv.
(2) A{]Imcw kpc£m IÃUnbn¬ FSp°s∏´ Bfns‚ Xm¬∏cy kwc£WØn\v
AØcw ASnb¥nc \S]Sn BhiyamsW¶n¬ Hcp saUn°¬ ÿm]\tØmSv B Bfns\
\nco£WØntem NnIn’bntem Ccp]Øn\mev aWn°qdn¬ IhnbmØ kabtØ°v
kq£n°Wsa∂v tcJmaqew A`y¿∞n°mhp∂Xpw ÿm]\Øns‚ A[nImcnIƒ B
A`y¿∞\ A\pkcn°m≥ _m≤yÿcmbncn°p∂XpamWv.
(3) \nehnep≈ GsX¶nepw \nba{]Imcw {]kvXpX hy‡nbpsS NnIn’tbbpw
IÃUntbbpw kw_‘n®v Xocpam\saSp°m≥ GsX¶nepw aPnkvt{S‰n\v £aXbps≠¶n¬,
B hnhcw {]kvXpX aPnkvt{S‰ns\ Imehnfw_w IqSmsX Adnbnt°≠Xpw aPnkvt{S‰ns‚
DØchp{]Imcw XpS¿ \S]SnIƒ kzoIcnt°≠XpamWv.
48. Ip‰mtcm]nX¿°p≈ sshZy]cntim[\ -˛ GsXmcp tbmKyXbp≈ saUn°¬
{]mIvSojWdpw, At±lØns‚ apºmsI sshZy ]cntim[\bv°mbn Hcp t]meokv
DtZymKÿ≥ lmPcm°p∂, Ip‰w Btcm]n°s∏´tXm kwibn°s∏´tXm Bb Hcmsf
B DtZymKÿs‚ Bhiy{]Imcw, Bhiyamb sshZy]cntim[\ \SØphm≥
_m≤yÿ\mbncn°p∂XmWv.
49. Ip‰mtcm]nX¿°p≈ NnIn’ ˛ (1) t]meokv IÃUnbnep≈ BfpIsf aXnbmb
Imhenepw t]meokv \nco£WØnepw NnIn’n°p∂Xn\mbn F√m Bip]{XnIfpw
{]mtbmKnI kmlNcyßf\pkcn®v th≠{X kuIcyw \¬tI≠XmWv.
(2) t]meokv Bhiys∏´m¬ AØcw BfpIfpsS NnIn’m kw_‘amb F√m
saUn°¬ tcJIfpsSbpw ]I¿∏v DS≥ lmPcm°m≥ Bip]{Xn A[nImcnIƒ
_m≤yÿcmWv.
(3) GsX¶nepw ASnb¥ncL´Øn¬ Hcp kzImcy Bip]{Xnbn¬ XpS°Øn¬
{]thin°s∏´ GsXmcp Btfbpw BtcmKymhÿ ]cntim[n°p∂ tUmIvSdpsS
AwKoImcØn\p hnt[bambn Ignbp∂{X thKØn¬ k¿°m¿ Bip]{Xnbnte°v
amt‰≠XmWv.
(4) t]meokv IÃUnbnep≈ HcmfpsS sshZy]cntim[\bpsSbpw NnIn’bpsSbpw
dnt∏m¿ńs‚ ]I¿∏v Ip‰mtcm]nXtcm AhcpsS _‘p°tfm Bhiys∏Sp∂ ]£w
\¬tI≠XmWv.
50. t]meokv IÃUnbnep≈hcpsS ]cn°v kw_‘n® \S]Sn ˛imcocnIambn ]cnt°‰
ÿnXnbn¬ GsX¶nepw Bfns\ t]meokv IÃUnbn¬ FSp°ptºmtgm Hcp t]meokv
DtZymKÿ≥ \SØnb _e{]tbmKw sIm≠v icocØn¬ ]cnt°‰ Bƒ ]cn°ns\∏‰n
]cmXns∏Sptºmtgm ]cn°p ]‰nb Imcyw t]meokv DtZymKÿs‚ {i≤bn¬ s]Sptºmtgm
AØcw Bsf G‰hpw ASpØp≈ tbmKyXbp≈ saUn°¬ {]mIvSojWdpsS apºmsI
sIm≠pt]mtI≠Xpw B saUn°¬ {]mIvSojW¿ ]cn°ns\∏‰nbpw AXv Fßs\
kw`hn®psh∂pw Bcm™dn™v tcJs∏SptØ≠Xpw Bhiyamb NnIn’ \¬tI
≠XpamWv:
F∂m¬ ]cnt°‰ Bsf Hcp aPnkvt{S‰n\p apºmsI, sIm≠pt]mIp∂Xn\v AbmfpsS
BtcmKy Ahÿ A\phZn°psa¶n¬, Abmsf tÃj≥ lukv Bôk¿ _‘s∏´
A[nImcnXbp≈ PpUojy¬ aPnkvt{S‰ns‚tbm AØcw aPnkvt{S‰ns‚ A[nImcnXbv°v
]pdØphcp∂ kwKXnbmsW¶n¬ FIv k nIyqóhv aPnkv t {S‰ns‚tbm apºmsI
lmPcmt°≠Xpw, At±lw ]cn°v ]‰nb coXnsb kw_‘n®v AbmfpsS hniZoIcWw
Bcm™dntb≠XpamWv:
F∂pam{Xa√ ]cnt°‰bmsf aPnkvt{S‰n\p apºmsI sIm≠pt]mIphm≥ ]‰mØ
BtcmKy ÿnXnbnemsW¶n¬, kw`hØns‚bpw kmlNcyØns‚bpw hnhcWw tÃj≥
lukv Hmôk¿ DS≥Xs∂ AØcw aPnkvt{S‰n\v Ab®psImSpt°≠Xpw {]kvXpX
dnt∏m¿ńs‚ ]I¿∏v saUn°¬ Bôk¿°pw ]cn°v ]‰nb Bƒ°pw \¬tI≠Xpw BbXv
Ah¿ ssI∏‰nb hnhcw AwKoIcn®v tcJmaqew FgpXn hmtß≠XpamWv.
51. tkh\ZmXm°ƒ tcJIƒ kq£n°Wsa∂v ˛ k¿°m¿, Cu BhiyØnte°mbn
ImemImeßfn¬ hn⁄m]\w sNbv t X°mhp∂ hn`mKßfn¬s∏Sp∂ F√m
tkh\ZmXm°fpw Ah¿ apJm¥ncw tkh\w e`n® BfpIsf Xncn®dnbp∂Xn\mhiyamb
IrXyamb tcJIƒ, \¬Is∏´ tkh\ßfpsS hniZmwißtfmSpIqSn k¿°m¿
\n›bnt®°mhp∂ Imebfhnte°v kq£nt°≠XmWv.
52. tkh\ZmXm°ƒ t]meokn\v hnhcw \¬IWsa∂v ˛ (1) GsX¶nepw tkh\w
\¬Ip∂ F√m tkh\ZmXm°fpw \nbam\pkrXambn \SØs∏Sp∂ t]meokv
At\zjWhpambn _‘ap≈Xpw AØcw tkh\ ZmXm°fm¬ \¬Is∏´Xpamb
GsX¶nepw {]tXyI tkh\Øns‚tbm hnhn[ tkh\ßfpsStbm hnhcßfpw tcJIfpw
HutZymKnI NpaXem \n¿ΔlWØn\nsS Hcp t]meokv DtZymKÿ≥ Bhiys∏Sptºmƒ
\¬tI≠XmWv.
(2) AØcØnep≈ hnhcßfpw, tcJIfpw Ah Bhiys∏Sp∂ _‘s∏´ t]meokv
DtZymKÿ≥ \n›bn°p∂ \ymbamb kab]cn[n°p≈n¬ e`yamt°≠XmWv.
53. tkh\ZmXm°fpsS ]q¿ΔImeNcn{Xw ]cntim[n°¬.˛k¿°mcn\v ,
hn⁄m]\ØneqsS, GsX¶nepw {]tZisØtbm tkh\ taJebnsetbm
tkh\ZmXm°tfmSv Ah¿ s]mXpP\ßƒ°v GsX¶nepw tkh\w e`yam°m≥
XpSßp∂Xn\papºmbn Pn√m t]meokv ta[mhnbn¬ \nt∂m \n¿Æbn°s∏Smhp∂ a‰p
t]meokv A[nImcnIfn¬ \nt∂m Ahsc∏‰nbpw AhcpsS Poh\°msc∏‰nbpw t]meokv
shcn^nt°j≥ k¿ń^n°‰v hmßWsa∂pw Hmtcm tkh\Øns‚bpw kmlNcyØn¬
AhcpsS kaImeo\tam ]q¿Δ ImetØm D≈ {]h¿Ø\ßsf∏‰n \ymbambn Bhiyamb
hnhcßƒ t]meokn\p \¬IWsa∂pw, IqSmsX hn\n¿t±in°s∏Smhp∂ Imebfhn¬
AØcw ]cntim[\bv°v Bh¿Øn®p hnt[bcmth≠XmsW∂pw \n¿t±in°mhp∂XmWv.
F∂m¬, tkh\ZmXmhn¬ \n∂pw A{]Imcw e`n°p∂ hnhcßƒ GsX¶nepw Hcp
Ip‰IrXyw XSbp∂Xnt\m At\zjn°p∂Xnt\m GsX¶nepw s]mXp BhiyØnt\m
th≠nh∂me√msX clkyambn kq£nt°≠Xpw GsX¶nepw hy‡nt°m
s]mXpP\Ønt\m shfns∏SpØn \¬Im≥ ]mSn√mØXpamIp∂p.
54. tamjvSn°s∏´tXm \jvSs∏´tXm tXSp∂tXm Bb hkvXp°sf kw_‘n®v
tkh\ZmXm°ƒ dnt∏m¿´v sNtø≠XmsW∂v.˛ (1) \jvSs∏´tXm, tamjvSn°s∏´tXm
GsX¶nepw Ip‰IrXyØns‚ `mKambn I≠p]nSnt°≠tXm Bb km[\ kma{KnIfpsS
]ńI e`yambnStØmfap≈ Xncn®dnb¬ hnhcßtfmSpIqSn GsXmcp t]meokv
DtZymKÿ\pw, GsXmcp tkh\ZmXmhns\bpw G¬∏n°mhp∂XmWv.
(2) AXn\ptijw AØcw GsX¶nepw km[\w B tkh\ZmXmhns‚
{i≤bn¬s∏´m¬ {]kvXpX km[\w ssIhiap≈bmfns‚ t]cpw ta¬hnemkhpw Abmƒ
Bcm™v Adnbphm≥ {iant°≠Xpw km[\w XS™ph®v DS≥Xs∂ B kmlNcyw
G‰hpw ASpØp≈ t]meokv tÃj\n¬ Adnbnt°≠XpamWv.
(3) (1)˛mw D]hIp∏p{]Imcap≈ tkh\ZmXmhn\v, AØcw km[\w ssIhiap≈
Bƒ icnbmb ta¬hnemkw Xcp∂n√ F∂v hnizkn°m≥ aXnbmb ImcWaps≠¶n¬
B Bfns\ Hcp aWn°qdne[nIw hcmØ kabtØ°v t]meokv FØp∂Xphsc
XS™p\n¿Ømhp∂XmWv.
55. t]meokv ]nSns®SpØ hkvXp°fpsS kq£n∏pw ssIsbmgn°epw.˛(1) Hmtcm
t]meokv tÃj\nepw t]meokv ]nSns®SpØtXm t]meokns‚ ssIhiØn¬
h∂ptN¿∂tXm Bb hkvXp°ƒ kq£n°p∂Xn\v ]cym]vXamb ÿew
D≠mbncnt°≠XmWv:
F∂m¬, AhnsS ÿew ]cym]vXas√¶n¬ Ah kq£n°p∂Xn\mbn t]meokv
tÃj≥ A√msXbp≈ tbmPyamb Hcp ÿew k¿°mcn\v, hn⁄m]\w sNømhp∂XmWv.
(2) t^md≥knIv ]cntim[\bv°v Bhiyap≈ kmºnfpIƒ tiJcn®Xn\ptijw,
£aXbp≈ hnZKv≤s‚ km∂n≤yØn¬ _‘s∏´ tImSXnIƒ°v ap≥Iqdmbn Adnbn∏v
\¬InbXn\ptijw kv t ^mSIhkv X p, lm\nIcamb cmkhkv X p°ƒ apXemb
A]ISIcamb hkvXp°ƒ t]meokn\v \in∏n°mhp∂XmWv.
F∂m¬, s]mńsØdntbm lm\ntbmaqeap≠mIp∂ A]ISw Bk∂amsW¶n¬
kmºnƒ tiJcWw Hgnhm°mhp∂XmWv.
(3) \nba]camb GsX¶nepw BhiyØn\v, ]n∂oSv D]Icn°phm≥ km≤yXbn√mØ,
thKØn¬ \in®pt]mIp∂ km[\ßƒ Pn√m t]meokv ta[mhnbpsS DØchv {]Imcw
teew sNbvXv hn¬t°≠Xpw Aßs\ e`n°p∂ XpI {Inan\¬ PÃnkv ankte\nbkv
FIvkvs]≥kkv ^≠n¬ \nt£]nt°≠Xpw BWv.
(4) (F) t]meokv ]nSns®SpØtXm tImSXnbpsS \nb{¥WØnep≈tXm Bb
GsX¶nepw hkvXp t]meokv kq£n°Wa∂v GsX¶nepw tImSXn DØchnSptºmƒ,
hkvXphns‚ kq£n∏v `cta¬∏n°s∏ń´p≈ t]meokv DtZymKÿ\v {]kvXpX hkvXp
kpc£nXambn kq£n°p∂Xn\v Xs‚ \nb{¥WØn¬ A\ptbmPyamb ÿew e`ya√
F¶n¬ A°mcyw tImSXnbn¬ t_m[n∏n°mhp∂XmWv.
(_n) A{]Imcap≈ Hcp ÿnXnhntijw {i≤bn¬s∏´m¬ {]kvXpX hkvXp
kq£n°p∂Xn\v A\ptbmPyamb Hcp ÿew Is≠Øn B hkv X p AhnsS
kq£n°p∂Xn\v {]kvXpX t]meokptZymKÿs\ tImSXn°v A\phZn°mhp∂XmWv.
(kn) A{]Imcw IÃUnbn¬ kq£n°p∂Xpambn _‘s∏´ sNehpIƒ k¿°m¿
t\cnt´m {Inan\¬ PÃnkv ankte\nbkv FIvkvs]≥kkv ^≠n¬ \nt∂m ]q¿Æambpw
hlnt°≠XmWv.
(5) t]meokv ]nSns®SpØ GsXmcp hkvXphpw tImSXnbpsS s]mXphmbtXm
{]tXyIambtXm Bb A\phmZtØmSpIqSn, AXmXp kmlNcyßfn¬ A\ptbmPyamb
BfpIfpsStbm GP≥knIfpsStbm ÿm]\ßfpsStbm kpc£nXamb kq£n∏n¬
hbv°mhp∂XmWv.
56. AhIminbn√mØ hkvXp°ƒ kw_‘n® t]meokv \S]Sn.˛ (1) Hmtcm t]meokv
DtZymKÿ\pw C\n ]dbp∂ PwKahkvXp°fpsS Xm¬°menI NpaXe
Gs‰Spt°≠XmWv,˛
(i) Abmƒ Is≠SpØtXm, Abmƒ°v ssIam‰w sNøs∏´tXm Bb As√¶n¬
AbmfpsS ssIhiap≈tXm Bb Bcpw AhImiap∂bn°mØtXm Gs‰Sp°m≥
hnkΩXn°p∂tXm Bb PwKahkvXp°ƒ;
(ii) hkv X phns‚ DSabv t °m NpaXe°mct\m BbXv \o°w sNøWsa∂v
hkvXphn≥tatem AXn\p kao]tØm ]Xn® t\mókv aptJ\ \n¿t±iw \¬Inbn´pw
\ymbamb kabØn\Iw Bcpw \o°w sNømsX GsX¶nepw s]mXp sXcphn¬
InS°p∂Xmbn ImWs∏Sp∂ PwKahkvXp°ƒ;
(2) (1)˛mw D]hIp∏p {]Imcw hkvXphns‚ NpaXe Gs‰Sp°p∂ t]meokv
DtZymKÿ≥ B {]tZiØv AØcw hkvXp°ƒ km[mcW ssIImcyw sNøp∂ am\y\mb
GsX¶nepw hym]mcnbn¬ \n∂pw BbXns‚ GItZi hn]Wnhne Xn´s∏SpØn tcJmaqew
hmßnbtijw hkvXphns\bpw AXns‚ aqeysØbpw kw_‘n® hniZhnhcßƒ
AXns‚ A[nImcnXbp≈ Pn√m t]meokv ta[mhn°pw FIvknIyqóhv aPnkvt{S‰n\pw
\¬tI≠XmWv.
(3) AØcw GsX¶nepw hkvXp kzm`mhnIambn thKØn¬ \in°p∂tXm,
I∂pImentbm BsW¶n¬ tÃj≥ lukv Bôk¿°v AXns\ DS≥Xs∂
]ckyteeØneqsS hn¬°mhp∂XmWv.
(4) (1) ˛mw D]hIp∏n≥ Iogn¬ NpaXebnep≈ hkvXphns‚ hniZhnhcw {]Xn]mZn®v
hn\n¿t±in°s∏ń´p≈ Hcp DtZymKÿs‚ apºmsI hnfw_c XobXn apX¬ ap∏Xv
Znhkßƒ°Iw lmPcmbn Xs‚ AhImiw ÿm]n°Wsa∂v AXn≥ta¬
AhImiap∂bn°mhp∂ GsXmcmtfmSpw Bhiys∏´psIm≠v Pn√m t]meokv ta[mhn
Hcp hnfw_cw ]pds∏Sphnt°≠XmWv.
(5) {]kvXpX hnfw_cØn¬ hy‡am°nb hkvXphns‚ ssIhiØn\v GsX¶nepw
Bƒ°v AhImiaps≠∂v t_m≤ys∏Sp∂]£w, BbXns‚ ]nSns®Sp°en\pw
kq£n∏n\pw \n›bn°s∏´ ôkv CuSm°nbXn\v tijw Abmƒ°v AXv hn´psImSp°m≥
Pn√m t]meokv ta[mhn°v DØchmImhp∂XmWv.
F∂m¬, AØcw DØchv AXn\\pkrXambn hkvXphns‚ ssIhimhImiw
e`n°p∂ Bfn¬ \n∂v AXns\ ]q¿Æamtbm `mKnIamtbm hos≠Sp°m\p≈ as‰mcmfns‚
\nbakm[pXbp≈ AhImißsf Hcp hn[Ønepw _m[n°p∂X√.
(6) Pn√m t]meokv ta[mhn°v, (5)˛mw D]hIp∏p{]Imcw GsX¶nepw hkvXp
B¿°mtWm hn´psImSp°p∂Xv Abmfn¬ \n∂pw At±lØn\v t_m≤yap≈ skIyqcn‰n
hmßmhp∂XmWv.
F∂m¬ Pn√m t]meokv ta[mhn°v t_m≤yw hcp∂ \ymbamb ImcWßfn√msX
ssIhimhImiw \¬Is∏´ hkv X p Gs‰SpØpsIm≠pt]mIp∂Xn\v c≠p
ZnhkØne[nIw ImeXmakw hcpØnbm¬ Pn√m t]meokv ta[mhn°v (8)˛mw D]hIp∏p
{]Imcw \S]Sn kzoIcn°mhp∂XmWv.
(7) hnfw_cØn¬ hn\n¿t±in®n´p≈ Imebfhn\p≈n¬ bmsXmcmfpw A{]Imcap≈
hkvXphn¬ AhImihmZw ÿm]n®nńs√¶n¬ Pn√m t]meokv ta[mhnbpsS DØchpIƒ
{]Imcw, {]kvXpX hkvXp GsX¶nepw HutZymKnI BhiyØn\mbn km[mcWKXnbn¬
hmtß≠ GsX¶nepw km[\Øn\v ]Icambn t]meokv hIp∏n¬ D]tbmKn°pItbm
As√¶n¬ s]mXpteeØneqsS hn¬∏\ \SØn AXn¬ \n∂pw e`n°p∂ XpI {Inan\¬
PÃnkv an te\nbkv FIvkvs]≥kkv ^≠nte°v hchv hbv°pItbm sNømhp∂XmWv.
(8) (i) (1)-˛mw D]hIp∏p {]Imcw t]meokns‚ NpaXebnep≈ hkvXp°fpsS hen∏hpw
kz`mhhpw ]cnKWn®v , BbXv kq£n°p∂Xn\v CuSmt°≠ ôkns‚ \nc°v
\n›bn°p∂Xn\v kwÿm\ t]meokv ta[mhn°v ImemImeßfn¬ am\ZWvUßƒ
\n›bn°mhp∂XmWv.
(ii) AØcw hkvXp kq£n°p∂Xn\v AhIminbn¬ \n∂v CuSmt°≠ ôkv
AØcw hkvXphns‚ hn]Wn hnebpsS ]IpXnbmb tijw GXp Znhkhpw {]kvXpX
hkvXp Pn√m t]meokv ta[mhn°v teeØn¬ hn¬°mhp∂XmWv.
F∂m¬, AØcw hkvXp t]meokv Gs‰SpØXn\ptijap≈ BZysØ Ggv
ZnhktØt°m As√¶n¬ AXv k¿°m¿ D]tbmKØn\mbn FSpØ XobXn°v tijap≈
Hcp Imebfhntet°m hkvXphns‚ bYm¿∞ DSaÿ\n¬ \n∂pw A{]Imcap≈ bmsXmcp
XpIbpw CuSm°m≥ ]mSp≈X√.
(9) Bcpw AhImiap∂bn°mØ Hcp hkvXp teeØn¬ hn‰n´ps≠¶nepw ]n∂oSv
bYm¿∞ DSabv°v as‰mcmƒ aptJ\ km[\w A\ymbambn ssIhiØne√mXmbnØo¿∂p
F∂pw B hnhcw Abmƒ bYmkabw A[nImcÿm\sØ \nba]cambn Adnbn®ncp∂p
F∂pw hy‡ambm¬, B hkvXp hn‰pInńb apgph≥ XpIbpw ôkv C\Øn¬ bmsXm∂pw
Ipdhp sNømsX bYm¿∞ DSabv°v XncnsI \¬tI≠XmWv.
(10) GsXmcp t]meokv DtZymKÿ\pw, BcmWv AhImin F∂dnbn√mØ
I∂pImenIsftbm thKØn¬ \in®p t]mIp∂ Hcp hkvXphns\tbm Hcp ZnhkØn¬
IqSpX¬ IÃUnbn¬ kq£nt°≠Xn√mØXpw Ahsb DS\Sn teew \SØnb
ImcWØm¬ B¿s°¶nepw Fs¥¶nepw \jvSw kw`hn®m¬ B DtZymKÿ≥ AXn\v
_m≤yÿ\√mØXpamIp∂p.
(11) Bcpw AhImiap∂bn°mØ (1)˛mw D]hIp∏n¬ ]cma¿in°s∏´ Hcp hkvXp
t]meokns‚ ssIhiw h∂v ap∏Xv ZnhkØn\ptijw t]meokv DtZymKÿ≥ ta¬hnhcn®
\S]Sn {]Imcw teew \SØn F∂ ImcWØm¬ GsX¶nepw Bfn\v bYm¿∞amtbm
km¶¬∏nIamtbm D≠mb Hcp \jvShpw Hcp t]meokv DtZymKÿ\pw
\nItØ≠Xn√mØXmWv.
57. ImWmXmb BfpIsf I≠p]nSn°m≥ t]meokv {ian°Wsa∂v.˛ (1) GsX¶nepw
Hcmsf ImWmXmbn F∂v \ymbambpw kwibn°mhp∂ coXnbn¬ tÃj≥ lukv
Bôk¿°v GsX¶nepw hnhcw e`n°ptºmsg√mw,˛
(F) AØcw Bƒ A]ISØnemsWt∂m \nbam\pkrXamb c£I¿Xr
kwc£WØne√ Ft∂m; As√¶n¬
(_n) AØcw Bƒ B]¬°camb Ip‰IrXyØn\v Ccbmbncn°msat∂m; As√¶n¬
(kn) AØcw Bƒ GsX¶nepw tImSXn {]Jym]n® \nbam\pkrX AhImiw \S∏n¬
hcpØp∂Xn¬ \n∂v Bscsb¶nepw XSbp∂Xn\mbn kzbw Hfn®ncn°p∂Xmtbm,
hnizkn°m≥ X° kmlNcyßƒ Ds≠¶n¬, AØcw DtZymKÿ≥
sImss·k_nƒ Ip‰Øn\mbn \n¿Æbn°s∏´Xn\v kam\amb coXnbn¬ hnhcw cPnÃ¿
sNbvXv ImWmXmb Bsf Is≠Øphm≥ kXzcw {]h¿Ønt°≠XmWv.
(2) AØcw At\zjWØn¬ AØcw DtZymKÿt\m Abmƒ \ntbmKn°p∂
GsX¶nepw DtZymKÿt\m GsXmcp km£nsbbpw tNmZyw sNbv X v samgn
tcJs∏SpØmhp∂Xpw GsXmcp ÿeØpw ]cntim[\ \SØpIbpw sNømhp∂XpamWv.
(3) C°mcyw At\zjn°p∂ t]meokv DtZymKÿs‚ tNmZyßƒ°v F√m BfpIfpw
kXyk‘ambn DØcw \¬tI≠Xpw B DtZymKÿ≥ tcJs∏SpØp∂ AØcw
samgnbpsS ]I¿∏v km£n°v \¬tI≠Xpw ]I¿∏v e`n®Xn\ptijw AØcw ]I¿∏v
e`n®Xmbn km£n H∏n´p \¬tI≠XpamWv.
(4) Cu hIp∏p{]Imcap≈ F√m sXc®nepIfpw 1973˛se {Inan\¬ \S]Sn
\nbakwlnXbpsS (1974˛se 2˛mw tI{μ BIv‰v) hyhÿIƒ°\pkcn®v \StØ≠XmWv.
(5) ImWmXmb Bfns\ At\zjWØn¬ Is≠Ønbm¬ DØchmZnXzap≈
c£mI¿Øm°sf tcJmaqew G¬∏n°pItbm A[nImcnXbp≈ aPnkvt{S‰ns‚ apºmsI
lmPcm°pItbm, sNtø≠XmWv.
(6) A{]Imcw lmPcm°s∏Sp∂ Bƒ Hcp kv{Xotbm Ipńtbm BsW¶n¬ B
hy‡nbpsS kzImcyXbpw Xm¬]cyhpw kwc£n°p∂Xn\v Bhiyamb \S]SnIƒ
aPnkvt{S‰v kzoIcnt°≠XmWv.
58. ImWmXmIp∂ km[\ßƒ kw_‘n® cPnÃ¿ t]meokv kq£n°Wsa∂v.˛(1)
Hcp tÃj≥ lukv Bôk¿°v GsX¶nepw Bfns‚ hne]nSn∏p≈ km[\tam
skIyqcn‰ntbm \jvSs∏ń´ps≠∂v hnizk\obamb hnhcw e`n°ptºmƒ B Bôk¿°v,
\jv S s∏´ km[\Øns‚ aqeyhpw kz`mhhpw AØcw Hcp \S]Sn{IasØ
\ymboIcn°p∂psh∂v t_m≤ys∏Sp∂ ]£w, B BhiyØn\mbn kq£n°p∂ Hcp
cPnÃdn¬ hnhcw tcJs∏SpØmhp∂Xpw, km[\w Is≠Øm≥ \ymbambpw
Bhiyamtb°mhp∂ At\zjWw \SØn∏n°mhp∂Xpw Bhiys∏Sp∂h¿°v BbXv
\jvSs∏´p F∂v tcJs∏SpØnb k¿ń^n°‰v \¬Imhp∂XpamWv.
59. Ip‰IrXyßfn¬ Dƒs∏ńń√ F∂p≈ k¿ń^n°‰pIƒ t]meokn\v
\¬Imsa∂v.˛GsXmcp Pn√m t]meokv ta[mhn°pw tÃj≥ lukv Hmôk¿°pw HcmfpsS
At]£ {]Imcw Abmƒ bmsXmcp Ip‰IrXyØnepw Dƒs∏ńń√m F∂v DNnXamb
At\zjWØn\ptijw k¿°m¿ CXnte°mbn \n›bnt®°mhp∂ ôkv
CuSm°nbXn\ptijw k¿ń^n°‰v \¬Imhp∂XmWv.
60. kpc£m D]tZiw t]meokv \¬IWsa∂v.˛Hcp Pn√m t]meokv ta[mhn°v
At±lØns‚ A[nImc]cn[nbnep≈ GsX¶nepw ÿeØv hfsc hne]nSn∏p≈
PwKahkvXp°ƒ kq£n®ncn°p∂psht∂m As√¶n¬ GsX¶nepw s]mXp {]m[m\yap≈
ÿew KpcpXcamb kpc£mòjWn t\cnSp∂psht∂m hnhcw e`n®m¬ At±lw
kzta[bm, _‘s∏´ ÿeØns‚ NpaXebp≈ Bfnt\mtSm BfpItfmtSm
IqSnbmtemNn®v, A\ptbmPyamb coXnbn¬ Hcp kpc£m]cntim[\ \SØn°mhp∂Xpw
AØcw ]cntim[\bpsS ASnÿm\Øn¬ ÿeØns‚ NpaXe°mct\mSv Bhiyamb
kpc£m ap≥IcpXepIƒ FSp°phm≥ \n¿t±in°mhp∂XpamWv:
F∂m¬, Cu hIp∏n¬ ASßnbncn°p∂ bmsXm∂pw GsXmcmsfbpw Abmsf a‰v
hn[Øn¬ \n¿_‘nX\m°mØ Hcp Imcyw sNøphmt\m sNømXncn°phmt\m
\n¿_‘n°p∂Xmbn IcpXs∏tS≠Xn√.
61. t]meokv {Sm^n°v {IaoIcnt°≠Xpw \nb{¥nt°≠XpamsW∂v: Uyqńbnepff
Hcp t]meokv DtZymKÿ\v {IacmlnXyw, XS w, A]ISw F∂nh HgnhmIp∂Xn\pth≠n
s]mXpÿeßfn¬ {Sm^nIv {IaoIcn°mhp∂Xpw \nb{¥n°mhp∂Xpw, AXn\mbn
_‘s∏´h¿s°√mw \ymbamb \n¿t±ißƒ \¬Imhp∂Xpw AØcw \n¿t±ißƒ
F√mhcpw A\pkcnt°≠XpamWv.
62.hy‡nIƒ°pw kzImcyÿm]\ßƒ°pw kpc£ \¬IWsa∂v : (1) Pn√m
t]meokv ta[mhnt°m kwÿm\ t]meokv ta[mhnt°m tÃj≥ lukv Bôk¿t°m
e`yamb hnhcØns‚ ASnÿm\Øn¬, GsX¶nepw s]mXpÿetØm kzImcyÿetØm,
s]mXpP\Ønt\m GsX¶nepw hy‡nt°m `cWIqSØnt\m ÿm]\Ønt\m FXncmbn
Bk∂amb GsX¶nepw Ip‰IrXyw XSbp∂Xnt\m Bk∂amb A]ISw XSbp∂Xnt\m
Hgnhm°p∂Xnt\m th≠n IqSpX¬ t]meokv tk\sb kuP\yambn hn\ykn∏n°p∂Xn\p
Xocpam\w GSp°mhp∂XmWv.
(2) km[mcW t]meokv tkh\Øns‚ `mKambn s]mXpP\ßƒ°v e`yamb
s]mXphmbXpw km[mcW Afhnep≈Xpamb t]meokv {IaoIcWßƒ°v D]cnbmbn,
KpcpXcamb Ip‰IyXyw kw`hn°Wsa∂pff A]ISw Bk∂amsW∂v kwÿm\
t]meokv ta[mhnt°m Pn√m t]meokv ta[mhnt°m tÃj≥lukv Bôk¿t°m
a‰phn[Øn¬ t_m≤ys∏Sp∂nSsØmgnsIbpff kmlNcyßfn¬ Hcp kzImcy hy‡nt°m
kzImcykzØnt\m am{Xambn kuP\yamtbm, ôkv CuSm°nsImt≠m {]tXyI
t]meokns\ h¿≤n® tXmXn¬ \n¿_‘ambn hn\ykn∏n®p In´phm≥ Hcp hy‡n°pw
ÿm]\Øn\pw AhImiap≠mbncn°p∂X√.
(3) k¿°mcnt\m kwÿm\ t]meokv ta[mhnt°m, Hcp hy‡nbpsStbm
ÿm]\Øns‚tbm kwLØns‚tbm AhcpsS kzØp°fpsStbm kwc£WØnt\m
am{Xambn IqSpX¬ t]meokns\ hn\ykn∏n°m\pff am\ZWvUhpw \S]Sn{Iahpw
CuSmt°≠ ôkns‚ tXmXpw AXv CuSmt°≠ kmlNcyßfpw \n›bn°mhp∂XmWv.
63. sImss·k_nfmb Ip‰Ønte°v \bn°mhp∂ X¿°ßfn¬ t]meokv \S]Sn:-˛
GsX¶nepw hy‡nItfm kwLßtfm XΩnepff X¿°w F{Xbpw s]s´∂v ]cnlcn°mØ
]£w Hcp tImss·k_nƒ Ip‰ambn ]cnWan°phm≥ km[yXbpff kmlNcyw,
Bsc¶nepw {i≤bn¬s∏SpØnbm¬ tÃj≥ lukv Bôk¿:˛
(F) _‘s∏´ hy‡nIfpamtbm A°mcyw Adnbmhp∂ a‰pffhcpamtbm kwkmcn®v
hkvXpXIfpw kmlNcyhpw Xn´s∏SpØphmt\m;
(_n) X¿°apff hy‡nIƒt°m As√¶n¬ G√m kwLßƒ°ptam X¿°Øns‚
XpS¿®bmbn \nbahncp≤amb Fs¥¶nepw {]hrØn sNøp∂Xns\Xnsc tcJmaqew
ap∂dnbn∏p \¬Iphmt\m;
(kn) X¿°apff hy‡nIsftbm, kwLßtftbm ]ckv]c N¿®bneqsStbm
a[yÿXbneqsStbm {]iv\w ]cnlcn°p∂Xn\v t{]m’mln∏n°phmt\m;
(Un) X¿°w ]cnlcn°p∂Xn\v A[nImcnXbpw £aXbpapff Hcp tImSXnsb
kao]n°Wsa∂v hy‡nIsftbm kwLßsftbm D]tZin°p∂Xnt\m;
(C) A[nImcnXbpff FIvknIyqóhv aPnkvt{S‰v apºmsI lmPcmbn hy‡nItfmtSm
kwLßtfmtSm X¿°]cnlmcw tXSm≥ Bhiys∏Sp∂Xnt\m;
(F^v) 1973 se {Ian\¬ \S]Sn \nba kwlnXbnse (1974 se 2˛mw tI{μ BIv‰v)
hyhÿIƒ {]Imcw Hcp hy‡nt°m F√m kwLßƒ°ptam FXnsc bp‡amb
\S]SnIƒ kzoIcn°p∂Xn\v A[nImcnXbpff aPnkvt{S‰v apºmsI hkvXpXIƒ dnt∏m¿´v
sNøp∂Xnt\m;
\S]SnIƒ GSpt°≠XmWv.
64. IΩyqWn‰n t]meoknwKv v (1) Pn√m t]meokv ta[mhn, t]meokns‚
IrXy\n¿ΔlWØn¬ s]mXphmb klmbw \¬Im≥ th≠n B {]tZisØ
IΩyqWn‰nbpsS {]Xn\n[nIƒ F∂ \nebn¬ Xt±ihmknIƒ Dƒs∏Sp∂ IΩyqWn‰n
kº¿° kanXnIƒ Hmtcm t]meokv tÃj\pth≠nbpw cq]oIcnt°≠XmWv.
(2) IΩyqWn‰n kº¿° kanXnbn¬ t]meokv tÃj≥ A[nImc ]cn[nbnepff
kaqlØnse G√m hn`mKßfnepw tkh\, sXmgn¬ taJeIfnepapffh¿°pw kv{XoIƒ,
]ńIPmXn, ]ńItKm{Xh¿§ hn`mK°m¿ F∂nh¿°pw \ymbamb {]mXn\n[yw
D≠mbncnt°≠XmWv.
(3){Inan\¬ tImSXn sXm´papºp≈ A©v h¿j°mebfhn¬ XShn\p in£n®tXm
As√¶n¬ AgnaXn, km∑m¿§nI A[x]X\w, s]cpam‰Zqjyw F∂o ImcWßfm¬
GsX¶nepw DtZymKØn¬ \n∂v Unkvankv sNbvXtXm, \o°w sNbvXtXm, UnkvNm¿÷v
sNbvXtXm As√¶n¬ \n¿_‘nXambn hncan°¬ \¬InbtXm Bb bmsXmcmsfbpw
IΩyqWn‰n kº¿° kanXnbnse HcwKambn \ma\n¿t±iw sNøm≥ ]mSp≈X√.
(4) IΩyqWn‰n kº¿° kanXn B {]tZiØv \nehnep≈Xpw D≠mtb°mhp∂Xpamb
s]mXpkz`mhap≈ t]meokv tkh\mhiyßƒ t]meokns‚ A¿lamb ]cnKW\bv°mbn
Is≠ØpIbpw B {]tZiØns‚tbm As√¶n¬ AXns‚ GsX¶nepw `mKØns‚tbm
kpc£ Dd∏m°m\p≈ I¿Ω ]≤XnIƒ hnIkn∏nt°≠XpamWv.
(5) IΩyqWn‰n kº¿° kanXn Bhiym\pkcWw tbmKw tNtc≠XmWv.
(6) kanXn tbmKßfn¬ B {]tZisØ s]mXpP\ßƒ°v ]s¶Sp°mhp∂XmWv.
(7) IΩyqWn‰n kº¿° kanXn B {]tZiØv kw`hn® Ip‰IrXyßsf°pdn®pw
Ip‰IrXyßƒ \S°m\p≈ km≤yXsb°pdn®pap≈ hnhcßƒ t]meokns‚ {i≤bn¬
sIm≠phcphm≥ Hmtcm ]ucs\bpw t{]m¬kmln∏nt°≠XmWv.
(8) IΩyqWn‰n kº¿° kanXn°v Hcp {]tXyI BhiyØnt\m {]tXyI {]tZiØnt\m
{]tXyI NpaXeIƒt°m Bbn D]kanXn cq]oIcn°mhp∂XmWv.
(9)IΩyqWn‰n kº¿° kanXn°v kpc£nXXzt_m[w, c£mt_m[w, Ip‰IrXy
\nhmcWw, \nba km£cX F∂nh t{]m’mln∏n°p∂Xn\v ]cn]mSnIƒ
BhnjvIcn°mhp∂XmWv.
(10) IΩyqWn‰n kº¿° kanXn°v \nba{]Imcap≈ t]meokns‚ bmsXmcp
A[nImchpw C√mØXpw Ip‰mt\zjWtam {Iakam[m\]me\tam kanXn kzbw
Gs‰Sp°m≥ ]mSn√mØXpamWv.
65. _o‰v t]meokv tkh\w.˛ (1) Hmtcm t]meokv tÃjs‚bpw A[nImctaJe
hnhn[ t]meokv _o‰pIfmbn hn`Pnt°≠Xpw Hmtcm _o‰v {]tZiØn\pw ÿnc
ASnÿm\Øn¬ _o‰p \SØp∂Xn\v _o‰v]t{SmfpIsf \ntbmKnt°≠XpamWv.
(2) C\n ]dbp∂ Imcyßƒ _o‰v ]t{Smfns‚ I¿Øhyßfnepw, DØchmZnXzßfnepw,
a‰pImcyßtfmsSm∏w Dƒs∏Sp∂XmWv.˛
(F) B {]tZiØv Xmakn°p∂ IΩyqWn‰n kº¿° kanXnbnse AwKßfpambpw
kmaqly PohnXØn¬ kPoh ]¶mfnØap≈ ]uc∑mcpambpw _‘s∏SpI;
(_n) _o‰v {]tZiØv Ip‰IrXyßƒ XSbm\p≈ \S]SnIƒ Hmtcm kμ¿i\
kabØpw AhtemI\w sNøpI;
(kn) _o‰v {]tZiØv Ip‰hmfnIƒ, Xo{hhmZnIƒ, kmaqlyhncp≤¿, {i≤n°s∏tS≠
A]cnNnX¿ XpSßnbh¿ Ds≠¶n¬, Ahcpambn _‘s∏´ hnhcw tiJcn®v t]meokv
tÃj≥ NpaXebp≈ DtZymKÿs\ Adnbn°pI;
(Un) {]tXyI \nco£WØn\v hnt[bcmbn Ip‰hmfnIƒ Bsc¶nepw _o‰v t{]ZiØv
Ds≠¶n¬ Ahtcbpw, {Inan\¬ ]›mØew Dffhscbpw Zpxkz`mhap≈hscbpw
\nco£n°pI;
(C) A{IaØn\v km[yXbp≈ {]mtZinI X¿°ßsf°pdn®v a\ nem°pIbpw
e`yamb F√m hnhcßtfmSpw IqSn t]meokv tÃjs‚ NpaXebp≈ DtZymKÿs\
Adnbn°pIbpw sNøpI;
(F^v) ta¬t\m´w hln°p∂ DtZymKÿ¿ {]tZisØ kw_‘n®v
Gev]n®psImSp°p∂ at‰sX¶nepw t]meokv tPmenIƒ \n¿Δln°pI;
(Pn) t]meokv tkh\w kw_‘n®v s]mXpP\ßfn¬ \n∂p≈ k¶Sßfpw,
]cmXnIfpw tcJs∏SpØn t]meokv tÃjs‚ NpaXebp≈ DtZymKÿs\ Adnbn°pI;
IqSmsX
(F®v) kμ¿i\ kabØv \n¿Δln® tPmenIsf°pdn®v tcJIƒ kq£n®v Ah
t]meokv tÃjs‚ NpaXebp≈ DtZymKÿ\v ka¿∏n°pI.
66. s]mXpP\ßƒ°v ]mcntXmjnIw ˛ Pn√m t]meokv ta[mhn°v k¿°m¿
DØchpIƒ°pw \n¿t±ißƒ°pw hnt[bambn, anI® tkh\w \¬InbXnt\m, Ip‰IrXyw
XSbp∂Xnt\m, Ip‰mt\zjWØnt\m {Iakam[m\tam kpc£tbm KXmKX kpc£tbm
ImØp kq£n°p∂Xnt\m klmbtam hnhctam \¬Ip∂Xn\v s]mXpP\ßƒ°v
]mcntXmjnIw hmKvZm\w sNømhp∂Xpw AXv \evImhp∂XpamWv.
67. elf XSbp∂Xn\mbn sIńShpw ]cnkchpw Gs‰Sp°¬˛ (1) Bk∂amb
elftbm KpcpXcamb kam[m\`RvP\tam XSbp∂Xnt\m Aa¿®sNøp∂Xnt\mth≠n
ÿeØv lmPcp≈ G‰hpw ko\nbdpamb C≥kvs]IvS¿ dm¶n¬ IpdbmØ t]meokv
DtZymKÿ\v Ccp]Øn\mev aWn°qdn¬ IhnbmØ Hcp Imebfhnte°v GsX¶nepw
sIńStam a‰v ÿetam Xm¬°menIambn AS®nSpItbm Gs‰Sp°pItbm sNømhp∂Xpw
AhnsS\n∂pw F√mhscbptam GsX¶nepw BfpItftbm am‰n\n¿Ømhp∂Xpw
Bhiysa∂v IcpXp∂ hyhÿIfnt∑¬ \n›bn°s∏´ BfpIƒ°v am{Xambn AhnsS
{]thi\w \¬Imhp∂Xpw _‘s∏´ F√m BfpIfpw AØcw DØchpIf\pkcn®v
s]cpamdm≥ _m[yÿcmbncn°p∂XpamWv.
F∂m¬ AØcw \S]SnIƒ kzoIcn°ptºmƒ Aßs\bp≈ sIńStam ÿetam
D]tbmKn°p∂ kv{XoIƒ, IpńIƒ, apXn¿∂ ]uc∑m¿, Ignhn¬ hyXykvXXbp≈ BfpIƒ
F∂nh¿°p≠mImhp∂ {]bmkßƒ IW°nseSpØv AØcw {]bmkßƒ ]camh[n
Hgnhmt°≠XmWv, F∂p am{Xa√ Ccp]Øn\mev aWn°qdn\ptijw Adp]Xv Znhkwhsc
AØcw \n¿t±ißƒ \¬Ip∂Xn\pw \S∏nem°p∂Xn\pw Pn√m aPnkv t {S‰ns‚
tcJmaqeap≈ DØchv Bhiyambncn°p∂XmWv.
(2) Pn√m aPnkvt{S‰n\v kzta[bmtbm, (1)˛mw D]hIp∏n≥ Iognepff Hcp DØchn\m¬
k¶Sw A\p`hn°p∂ GsX¶nepw Bfns‚ At]£bnt∑tem Aßs\bpff GsXmcp
DØchpw d±p sNøpItbm am‰w hcpØpItbm sNømhp∂XmWv.
68. A]ISßtfm Zpc¥ßtfm ssIImcyw sNø¬˛ GsX¶nepw ÿeØv KpcpXcamb
A]IStam Zpc¥tam kw`hn°p∂ kabØv Bk∂hpw KpcpXchpamb
kam[m\`RvP\Ønt\m s]mXp kam[m\ewL\Ønt\m s]mXpP\ßƒ°v Imcyamb
AkuIcyØnt\m B]Ønt\m ImcWamIm≥ km≤yXbpff GsX¶nepw X¿°w,
A`n{]mb`n∂X, hnhmZw, Ipg∏w F∂nh AhnsS \ne\n¬°p∂psh∂v ÿeØv lmPcpff
G‰hpw ko\nbdmb t]meokv DtZymKÿ≥ IcpXp∂ ]£w, G√m BfpIfpw
s]cpamtd≠sXßs\sb∂v kμ¿`hpw Bhiyhpw A\pkcn®v \ymbamb DØchpIƒ
At±lØn\v \¬Imhp∂Xpw Aßs\bpff DØchpIƒ _‘s∏´ G√m BfpIfpw
A\pkcnt°≠XpamWv.
69. A·n_m[, Zpc¥w As√¶n¬ A]ISw D≠mIp∂ Ahkcßfnse \S]SnIƒ
(1) A·n_m[tbm Zpc¥tam A]IStam D≠mIp∂ Ahkcßfn¬ GsX¶nepw t]meokv
DtZymKÿt\m ^b¿ k¿Δoknse AwKØnt\m aPnkvt{S‰nt\m AØcØnepff Bfns‚
Akm∂n[yØn¬ Hcp ]ªnIv k¿Δ‚nt\m C\n ]dbp∂ Imcyßƒ sNømhp∂XmWv,
AXmbXv:˛
(F) Poht\m kztØm kwc£n°p∂Xn\pff c£mZpcnXmizmk {]h¿Ø\ßƒ
XS s∏SpØp∂hsc \o°w sNøpItbm \o°w sNøm≥ DØchnSpItbm sNøpI;
(_n) c£m ZpcnXmizmk {]h¿Ø\ßƒ°v Bhiyamb s]mXphmbtXm
kzImcyambtXm Bb sXcphv As√¶n¬ hgn ASbv°pI;
(kn) Poh\pw kzØpw kwc£n°m\pff c£mZpcnXmizmk {]h¿Ø\ßfpsS
BhiyØnte°mbn At±lØnt\m At±lØns‚ \n¿t±iØnt∑¬ {]h¿Øn°p∂
h¿t°m, s]mXphmbtXm kzImcyambtXm Bb GXp hf∏nepw IS°pItbm Xpd°pItbm
s]mfn°pItbm tlmkv ss]t∏m a‰v D]IcWßtfm ISØnhnSpItbm sNøpI;
(Un) Poh\pw kzØpw kwc£n°p∂Xn\v kXzcw Bhiysa∂v tXm∂p∂ {]Imcapff
DNnXhpw \ymbhpamb \S]SnIsfSp°pI;
(C) Poh\pw kzØpw kwc£n°p∂Xn¬ kzImcytam A√msXtbm Bb
D]IcWßtfm a‰v Imcyßtfm Bhiys∏Smhp∂Xpw AXv ssIhiapffh¿ t]meokv
DtZymKÿcpsS \n¿t±i{]Imcw \¬tI≠XpamWv.
(2) (1)˛mw D]hIp∏n¬ \¬Inbn´pff \n¿t±ißƒ aqew kw`hn® GsXmcp
\mi\jv S hpw, A·n_m[, Zpc¥w As√¶n¬ A]ISw F∂nhbv ° mbpff
GsX¶nepw C≥jzd≥kv t]mfnknbpsS A¿∞hym]v X n°pffn¬ hcp∂
A·n_m[, Zpc¥w As√¶n¬ A]ISw F∂nhaqeapff C≥jzd≥kv
kwc£WØn\¿lamb \mi\jvSambn IcpXs∏tS≠Xpw AØcØnepff
C≥jzd≥kns‚ A`mhØn¬ Pn√m aPnkvt{S‰v Xn´s∏SpØntb°mhp∂ XpI \ymbamb
\jvS ]cnlmcambn _‘s∏´ I£nIƒ°v k¿°mcn\v \¬Imhp∂XpamWv.
(3) Cu hIp∏nse bmsXm∂pw GsX¶nepw t]meokv DtZymKÿt\tbm ^b¿
k¿Δoknse GsX¶nepw AwKsØtbm aPnkvt{S‰ns\tbm ]ªnIv k¿Δ‚ns\tbm
\ymbamb ImcWßƒ C√msX Abmƒ sNbvX GsX¶nepw {]h¿ØnIƒ aqeap≠mb
\mi\jvSßfpsS _m[yXbn¬ \n∂pw Hgnhm°p∂X√.
70. t]meokv D]IcWw ssek≥knwKn¬ \n∂pw Hgnhm°Wsa∂v;˛ t]meokv
hIp∏ns‚ DSaÿXbn¬ t]meokns‚ GsX¶nepw NpaXeIƒ \n¿Δlnt°≠
BhiyØnte°mbn HutZymKnI D]tbmKØnepff D]IcWßsftbm hkvXp°sftbm
GsX¶nepw \nbaØn≥ Iogn¬ ssek≥kv FSpt°≠XmsWt∂m GsX¶nepw k¿°m¿
GP≥knt°m ]ªnIv AtXmdn‰nt°m GsX¶nepw hm¿jnI ôtkm, ssek≥kv ôtkm
\¬tI≠XmsWt∂m D≈ \n_‘\Ifn¬ \n∂pw k¿°mcn\v Hgnhm°mhp∂XmWv.
71. t]meokv DtZymKÿ≥ hnhcw apXembh ka¿∏n°msa∂v-˛ GsXmcp t]meokv
DtZymKÿ\pw GsXmcp HutZymKnI hnhchpw Hcp aPnkv t {S‰v ap≥]msI
ka¿∏n°mhp∂Xpw Ip‰w sNbv X GsX¶nepw Bfns\Xncmtbm Hcp km[\w
I≠p]nSn°p∂Xn\mtbm \nbaw aqew ka≥tkm, hmdt≠m, sk¿®v ˛ hmdt≠m
AØcØnepff \nba]camb a‰v t{]mkkpItfm ]pds∏Sphn°m≥ At]£n°mhp∂Xp
amWv.
A≤ymbw˛6
t]meokv sdKptej\pIƒ
72. {Sm^nIv {IaoIcW kanXn ˛ (1) Hmtcm {Kma ]©mbØnepw, ap\nkn∏men‰nbnepw,
tIm¿∏tdj\nepw {Sm^nIv kw_‘amb Imcyßƒ {IaoIcn°p∂Xn\mbn {Sm^nIv
{IaoIcW kanXnIƒ \n¿Æbn°s∏Sp∂ {]Imcw cq]oIcnt°≠XmWv.
(2) {Sm^nIv {IaoIcW kanXnbn¬ _\v[s∏´ Xt±i `cWØeh≥
A≤y£\mbncnt°≠Xpw Pn√m aPnkvt{S‰v, Pn√m t]meokv ta[mhn, doPnbW¬
{Sm≥kvt]m¿´v Hmôk¿, s]mXpacmaØv GIvknIyqóhv F©n\ob¿ F∂nh¿ \n¿t±iw
sNøp∂ DtZymKÿ¿ AwKßfmbncn°p∂XpamWv.
(3) {Sm^nIv {IaoIcW kanXn , Hmtcm {]tZiØpw 1988 se tamt´m¿ hml\ BIv‰pw
(1988 se 59), 2007 se tIcf tdmUv tk^v‰n AtXmdn‰n BIv‰pw (2007 se 8) Ahbv°v
Iogn¬ D≠m°nb N´ßƒ°pw hncp≤a√mØ coXnbn¬ s]mXpP\ßƒ°v D≠mImhp∂
A]mbw, XS w, AkuIcyw apXembh XSbp∂Xn\mbn {Sm^nIv kw_‘n®v C\n∏dbp∂
Imcyßfn¬ DØchpIƒ ]pds∏Sphn°mhp∂Xpw A{]Imcw ]pds∏Sphn°p∂
DØchpIƒ _‘s∏´ hIp∏pIfpw DtZymKÿcpw s]mXpP\ßfpw ]ment°≠XpamWv.
(F) s]mXpÿeßfnse F√m XcØnepap≈ {Sm^n°ns‚ coXnbpw kabhpw
{IaoIcn°pI;
(_n) s]mXp\ncØneqsS k©cn°p∂hcpsS {i≤ Xncn°mt\m Ah¿°v
A]ISIcamImt\m km[yXbp≈ coXnbn¬ GsX¶nepw hkvXphn¬ ImWs∏Sp∂ Iam\w,
tXmcWw, _m\¿, tlm¿UnwKpIƒ, ASbmfßƒ, {]Xncq]ßƒ, sse‰v D]tbmKn®p≈
{]Z¿i\ßƒ, \n¿ΩmW{]hrØn, I®hSw, sh¬UnwKv, A¥co£ aen\oIcWw,
i_vZieyw, ]mds]mń°¬, J\\w, ]S°ws]mń°¬, ]´w]d∏n°¬, shSnacp∂p{]tbmKw
F∂nh {IaoIcn°pIbpw Bhiysa¶n¬ \o°w sNøpIbpw sNøpI;
(kn) sXcphpIfneqsS XSn, Ig, GWn, Ccpºp ]mfn, _oapIƒ, _mdpIƒ,
t_mbnedpIƒ, I®n, aÆv, ssIImcyw sNøm≥ {]mbmkap≈ a‰v hkvXp°ƒ F∂nh
sIm≠p t]mIp∂Xns‚ hn[hpw coXnbpw {IaoIcn°pI;
(Un) tdmUv D]tbmKn°p∂h¿°v A]ISap≠m°mhp∂ kvt^mSIhkvXp°tfm
As√¶n¬ lm\nIcamb cmkhkvXp°tfm s]mXpÿeßfneqsS sIm≠pt]mIp∂Xv
{IaoIcn°pI;
(C) \new]Xn°m≥ t]mIp∂ sIńSßfn¬ \nt∂m a‰v ImcWßfmtem D≈ A]ISw
D≠mIpsa∂v \ymbamb t_m≤yap≈ kmlNcyßfn¬ Nne sXcphpIƒ AS®nSpItbm
Nne ÿeßfntebv°v Bcpw {]thin°cpsX∂v \njvI¿jn°pItbm sNøpI;
(F^v) tdmUcpIn¬ ÿnXn sNøp∂ kzImcy sIńSØntebv°pw ÿetØbv°pw
sXcphn¬ \n∂pw s]mXp ÿeØp \n∂pw D≈ {]thi\Øns‚ coXnbpw am¿§hpw
{IaoIcn°pI;
(Pn) CXp kw_‘n®v kwÿm\Ønt\m t]meokv hIp∏nt\m GsX¶nepw kmºØnI
_m≤yX hcpØmsX s]mXpP\ßƒ°v KXmKX \SØn∏n¬ kzta[bm klmbn°mhp∂
coXn \n›bn°pI.
(4) Pn√m t]meokv ta[mhn°v {Sm^nIv {IaoIcW kanXnbpsS AwKoImcØn\v
hnt[bambn ta¬∏d™ Imcyßfn¬ DØchpIƒ ]pds∏Sphn°mhp∂Xpw {]kvXpX
DØchpIƒ Ggv ZnhkØn\Iw _‘s∏´ {Sm^nIv {IaoIcW kanXn°v
ka¿∏nt°≠XpamWv.
(5) C{]Imcw ka¿∏n°s∏´ DØchpIƒ {Sm^nIv {IaoIcW kanXn
]cnKWnt°≠Xpw DNnXamb Xocpam\w ssIsImt≈≠XpamWv.
F∂m¬, {Sm^nIv {IaoIcW kanXnbpsS Xocpam\w D≠mIp∂Xphsc Pn√m t]meokv
ta[mhnbpsS DØchpIƒ {]m_eyØn¬ D≠mbncn°p∂XmWv.
6. Hcp Pn√bnse {Sm^nIv {IaoIcW kanXnIfpsS {]h¿Ø\ßƒ
GtIm]n∏n°p∂Xn\pw Pn√bv ° v samØambn ta¬∏d™ Imcyßfn¬ {Sm^nIv
{IaoIcWßƒ G¿s∏SpØp∂Xn\pw Bbn Hcp Pn√mXe {Sm^nIv {IaoIcW kanXn
k¿°m¿ \n¿Æbn°p∂ {]Imcw cq]oIcnt°≠XmWv.
73. ImbnI ]cnioe\Øns‚ \nb{¥Ww˛ (1) \n¿Æbn°s∏Smhp∂ Hcp
A[nImcÿm\w CXnte°mbn \¬Inbn´p≈ Hcp s]¿an‰nse hyhÿIf\pkcn®√msX
bmsXmcmfpw B{IaWtam kzbc£tbm kw_‘n® A`ymkcoXnIƒ Dƒs°m≈p∂
ImbnI ]cnioe\w s]mXpP\ßƒt°m GsX¶nepw Bfnt\m BfpIƒt°m \¬IpItbm
kwLSn∏n°pItbm AXn¬ ]s¶Sp°pItbm sNøphm≥ ]mSp≈X√;
F∂m¬ Cu D]hIp∏nse hyhÿIƒ˛
(i)k¿°mcns‚ DSaÿXbntem \nb{¥WØntem D≈tXm kwÿm\sØ
GsX¶nepw k¿ΔIemimebpambn A^nentb‰v sNbvXn´p≈tXm Bb Hcp hnZym`ymk
ÿm]\w AXns‚ ]mTy]≤XnbpsStbm ]T\{IaØns‚tbm `mKambn \SØp∂tXm;
(ii)tIcf kv t ]m¿Sv k v Iu¨kn¬ AwKoIcn® Hcp ¢t∫m, Pnwt\jytam
\¬Ip∂tXm;
Bb GsX¶nepw ]cnioe\Øn\v _m[IamIp∂X√.
(2) GsXmcmfpw Xs‚ DSaÿXbntem ssIhiØntem D≈ GsX¶nepw sIńStam
]cnkctam C°mcyØn¬ Hcp s]¿an‰v ssIhian√mØ GsX¶nepw Bƒ°v AØcw
ImbnI ]cnioe\w \SØp∂Xn\mbn D]tbmKn°p∂Xn\v A\phZn°phm≥ ]mSp≈X√.
(3) (1) ˛mw D]hIp∏n≥ Iognep≈ s]¿an‰v \n¿Æbn°s∏Smhp∂ {]Imcap≈
D]m[nIƒ°pw \nb{¥Wßƒ°pw hnt[bambpw A{]Imcap≈ ôkv
\¬InbXn\ptijhpw \¬tI≠XmWv.
(4) Cu BIv‰v AXn≥Iogn¬ D≠m°nbn´p≈ N´ßfpw {]ImcamWv AØcw
]cnioe\w \SØp∂sX∂v Dd∏phcpØp∂Xn\mbn ]cnioe\w \SØp∂ GsXmcp
ÿeØpw Hcp k_v C≥kvs]IvSdpsS ]Zhnbn¬ Xmsgb√mØ GsXmcp t]meokv
DtZymKÿ\pw kzX{¥amb {]thi\ap≠mbncn°p∂XmWv.
74. s]¿an‰v d±v sNøp∂Xn\p≈ A[nImcw ˛ (1) 73˛mw hIp∏ns‚ (1) ˛mw D]hIp∏v
{]Imcw \n¿Æbn°s∏´ A[nImcÿm\Øn\v {]kvXpX D]hIp∏n≥ Iogn¬ \¬Inbn´p≈
Hcp s]¿an‰v.˛
(F) AØcw s]¿an‰v ssIhiap≈bmƒ \¬tI≠Xmb GsX¶nepw ôkv
bYmhn[n \¬Inbnńs√¶ntem;
(_n) s]¿an‰v ssIhiap≈bmtfm AbmfpsS tPmen°mct\m As√¶n¬ AbmfpsS
{]Xy£tam ]tcm£tam Bb A\paXntbmSpIqSn Abmƒ°pth≠n {]h¿Øn°p∂
a‰msc¶neptam {]kv X pX s]¿an‰nse GsX¶nepw \n_‘\Ifpw hyhÿIfpw
ewLn°pIbmsW¶ntem;
(kn) AØcw s]¿an‰v ssIhiap≈ Bsf Hcp tImSXn, kZmNmcewL\w
kmaqlyhncp≤ {]h¿Ø\ßƒ F∂nh Dƒs∏Sp∂ GsX¶nepw Ip‰Øn\v
in£n®n´ps≠¶ntem;
(Un) AØcw s]¿an‰v ssIhiw hbv°p∂ Bƒ 2007˛se tIcf kmaqlyhncp≤
{]h¿Ø\ßƒ XSb¬ BIv‰v (2007se 34) {]Imcw kmaqlyhncp≤ {]h¿Ø\hpambn
\n¿ΔNn°s∏ń´p≈ GsX¶nepw {]h¿Ø\Øn¬ G¿s∏´Xmbn At\zjWØn¬
Is≠Ønbn´ps≠¶ntem;
DØchphgn d±m°pItbm kkvs]‚ v sNøpItbm sNømhp∂XmWv.
(2) (1) ˛mw D]hIp∏n≥Iognse DØchns\Xnscbp≈ Hcp A∏o¬ ]cnioe\w
\SØp∂ ÿew ÿnXnsNøp∂ {]tZiØv A[nImcnXbp≈ C≥kvs]IvS¿ P\d¬ Hm^v
t]meokv apºmsI \¬tI≠XmWv.
75. am v { Un¬ \ntcm[n°p∂Xn\p≈ A[nImcw ˛ (1) Pn√m aPnkv t {S‰n\v ,
s]mXpkam[m\tam s]mXpkpc£tbm kwc£n°p∂Xnt\m {Iakam[m\]me\Ønt\m
A{]Imcw sNøp∂Xv BhiyamsW∂v IcpXptºmsgms°bpw Bbpta¥ns°m≠p≈
GsX¶nepw amkv{Unt√m Iq´w tN¿∂p≈ ]cnioe\tam GsX¶nepw tLmjbm{Xbn¬
Bbp[ßƒ sIm≠p \S°p∂tXm AXn¬ ]s¶Sp°p∂tXm At±lØns‚
A[nImcnXbp≈ GsX¶nepw {]tZiØv s]mXp t\mókpaqetam hy‡nIƒt°m
kwLS\Iƒt°m \¬Ip∂ DØchv hgntbm \ntcm[n°mhp∂XmWv.
hniZoIcWw ˛ Cu hIp∏ns‚ Bhiyßƒ°mbn “Bbp[ßƒ” F∂m¬ B{IaWw
\SØm\p≈ Bbp[ambn D]tbmKn°m≥ Ignbp∂ GsXmcp hkvXphpw
F∂¿∞amIp∂Xpw AXn¬ GsX¶nepw XcØnep≈ emØntbm hSntbm
Dƒs∏Sp∂XpamIp∂p.
(2) Cu hIp∏p{]Imcap≈ bmsXmcp \ntcm[\Øn\pw aq∂pamkØn¬ IqSpX¬
{]m_eyap≠mbncn°p∂X√;
F∂m¬, s]mXp kam[m\tam s]mXpkpc£tbm kwc£n°p∂Xnt\m {Ikam[m\
]me\Ønt\m A{]Imcw sNtø≠Xv BhiyamsW∂v k¿°m¿ IcpXp∂psh¶n¬ AXn\v
Kk‰v hn⁄m]\w hgn, (1)˛mw D]hIp∏p{]Imcw Hcp aPnkvt{S‰v ]pds∏Sphn®n´p≈
DØchns‚ \nba{]Imcap≈ Imemh[n Ahkm\n°pambncp∂ Znhkw apX¬ Bdv
amkØn¬ IhnbmsXbp≈ Imebfhnte°v IqSn {]m_eyØn¬ hcpØmhp∂XmWv.
76. GsX¶nepw sXcpthm s]mXpÿetam dnk¿Δv sNøp∂Xn\p≈ A[nImcw ˛
Pn√m t]meokv ta[mhn°v k¿°m¿ DØchpIƒ°v hnt[bambn s]mXphmb t\mókpaqew
GsX¶nepw sXcpthm, s]mXpÿetam, GsX¶nepw s]mXpBhiyØn\mbn
Xm¬°menIambn \o°nhbv°mhp∂Xpw At±lw \n›bnt®°mhp∂ \n_‘\Iƒ
{]Imca√msX A{]Imcw dnk¿Δv sNøs∏´ {]tZiØv P\ßƒ {]thin°p∂Xv
\ntcm[n°mhp∂XpamWv.
77. i_vZwaqeap≠mIp∂ ieyw \nb{¥n°¬.˛ (1) Pn√m t]meokv ta[mhn°v Hcp
{]tZiØv hkn°p∂ s]mXpP\Ønt\m, Bfnt\m, ieyw, D]{Zhw, AtcmNIXzw, lm\n
As√¶n¬ A]IS km≤yX F∂nh XSbp∂Xn\mbn A{]Imcw sNøp∂Xv Bhiysa∂v
t_m[ys∏Sp∂psh¶n¬ GsX¶nepw sXcphntem Xpd mb ÿetØm, at‰sX¶nepw
sIńSØntem;
(F) GsX¶nepw hmbv∏mt´m D]IcW kwKoXtam {]kwKtam;
(_n) i_vZw D≠m°pItbm ]pds∏Sphn°pItbm ]p\x]pds∏Sphn°pItbm
h¿≤n∏n°pItbm sNøm≥ Ignbp∂ GsX¶nepw D]IcWØns‚tbm D]mbØns‚tbm
GsX¶nepw coXnbnep≈ D]tbmKwaqew D≠mIp∂ i_vZßtfm;
(kn) i_vZtam H®tbm D≠m°p∂tXm AXn\p ImcWamIp∂tXm Bb GsX¶nepw
I®hStam sXmgntem {]h¿Ø\tam;
\ntcm[n°p∂Xnt\m {IaoIcn°p∂Xnt\m th≠n {]tXyIambtXm s]mXphmbtXm
Bb bp‡amb \n¿t±ißƒ ]pds∏Sphn°mhp∂XmWv.
(2) Pn√m t]meokv ta[mhn°v kzta[bmtbm (1) ˛mw D]hIp∏p{]Imcw
]pds∏Sphn®n´p≈ DØchpaqew k¶Sa\p`hn°p∂ GsX¶nepw Bfns‚
At]£bnt∑tem Aßs\bp≈ GsX¶nepw DØchv d±m°pItbm
cq]t`Zs∏SpØpItbm hyXymks∏SpØpItbm sNømhp∂XmWv.
78. A{Iaw XSbp∂Xn\p≈ dKptej\pIƒ˛ (1) Pn√m t]meokv ta[mhn°v
s]mXpkam[m\hpw s]mXpkpc£bpw kwc£nt°≠Xn\v Bhiysa∂ kmlNcyßfn¬
\n∂v t_m≤yambm¬ ]Xns\©p ZnhkØn¬ IhnbmØ kabtØ°v s]mXphmbn
hnfw_cs∏SpØnbtXm hy‡nIsf kwt_m[\ sNbvXp sImt≠m D≈ hn⁄m]\w hgn
GsX¶nepw ÿeØv˛
(F) \ioIcW hkvXpthm, kvt^mSIhkvXp°tfm shSnacp∂pItfm I√pItfm a‰v
ansskepItfm As√¶n¬ ansskepIƒ D≠m°p∂Xnt\m sXmSpØphnSp∂Xnt\m
Ignhp≈ D]IcWßtfm B{IaWØn\p]tbmKn°m≥ Ignbp∂ GsX¶nepw
Bbp[ßtfm at‰sX¶nepw hkv X p°tfm Xømdm°p∂tXm tiJcn°p∂tXm
sIm≠pt]mIp∂tXm;
(_n) Poh\p≈hsctbm arXtZlßsftbm {]Z¿in∏n°p∂tXm ;
(kn) kmapZmbnItam aX]ctam Bb hnImcw Bfn°Øn°p∂tXm, kZmNmcØns‚
s]mXp \nehmcsØ [zwkn°p∂tXm s]mXp kam[m\sØ KpcpXcambn _m[n°p∂tXm
cmjv{SØns‚ kpc£ A]mbs∏SpØp∂tXm Bb Nn{Xßƒ, Nn”ßƒ, π°m¿UpIƒ,
A®Sn® ISemkpIƒ, eLpteJIƒ, ]pkvXIßƒ, HmUntbm hoUntbm
sd°m¿UnwKpIƒ, UnPn‰¬ sd°m¿UpIƒ, t]mÃdpIƒ, _m\dpIƒ F∂nh
Xømdm°p∂tXm, {]Z¿in∏n°p∂tXm, {]Xn\n[oIcn°p∂tXm, hnXcWw sNøp∂tXm
{]Ncn∏n°p∂tXm;
GsX¶nepw coXnbn¬ \ntcm[n°pItbm \nb{¥n°pItbm sNømhp∂XmWv.
(2) (1)˛mw D]hIp∏v {]Imcapff GsXmcp \ntcm[\hpw ewLn®psIm≠v GsX¶nepw
Bƒ D]tbmKn®tXm sIm≠pt]mbtXm Bb GsXmcp hkvXphns\bpw Uyqńbnepff
t]meokv DtZymKÿ\v ]nSns®Sp°mhp∂XmWv.
79. s]mXpktΩf\ßƒ \nb{¥n°¬:˛ (1) Pn√m t]meokv ta[mhn°v Hcp {]tZisØ
s]mXpkam[m\tam im¥ntbm {Iakam[m\tam kwc£n°p∂Xn\mbn AØcw \S]Sn
\ymbbp‡amsW∂v DØat_m≤yw hcnIbmsW¶n¬ GsXmcp coXnbnepapff
s]mXpktΩf\tam tLmjbm{Xtbm s]mXphmbn hnfw_cw sNbvX hn⁄m]\w hgn
A\phZn°mhp∂tXm \nb{¥n°mhp∂tXm {IaoIcn°mhp∂tXm BWv.
(2) (1) ˛mw D]hIp∏n≥Iogn¬ hnfw_cs∏SpØnb GsXmcp hn⁄m]\Øn\pw
AXns‚ hnfw_cØobXn apX¬ ]Xn\©p ZnhkØn¬ IqSpX¬ {]m_eyw
D≠mbncn°p∂X√.
(3) k¿°mcn\v kzta[bmtbm GsX¶nepw hy‡nbpsS At]£bnt∑tem
At\zjWw \SØn (1) ˛mw D]hIp∏n≥Iogn¬ D≠m°nb GsXmcp DØchpw d±m°pItbm
t`ZKXn hcpØpItbm AXns‚ Imemh[n \o´pItbm sNømhp∂XmWv.
(4) Xnc°pff s]mXp\ncØpIfnse {]IS\ßƒ P\PohnXsØ kmcambn
_m[n°p∂n√msb∂v Dd∏phcpØm\mbn k¿°mcn\v s]mXphmbtXm {]tXyIambtXm Bb
Hcp DØchneqsS AØcw {]IS\ßtfm, dmentbm, ktΩf\tam, \n¿±njvS ÿeßfntem
\Kc{]tZißfnse GsX¶nepw \n¿t±in°s∏´ hgnIfneqsStbm am{Xta \SØmhq
F∂v hy‡am°mhp∂XmWv.
80. Pn√m aPnkvt{S‰v dKptej\pIƒ D≠m°Wsa∂v˛ (1) Pn√m aPnkvt{S‰n\v At±lw
DNnXsa∂v IcpXp∂ GsX¶nepw Xt±i {]tZiØv Xt±im[nImcÿm\hpw Pn√m t]meokv
ta[mhnbpambn IqSnbmtemNn®v , ImemImeßfn¬ C\n ]dbp∂hbv ° mbn
sdKptej\pIƒ D≠m°n hn⁄m]\w sNømhp∂XmWv.
(F) s]mXpkzØn\v tISp]mSv hcpØp∂tXm hrØnlo\am°p∂tXm
\in∏n°p∂tXm s]mXp ipNnXzsØtbm As√¶n¬ ]cnkcsØtbm A]ISs∏Sp
Øp∂tXm Pemibßfpw Pet{kmX pIfpw aen\s∏SpØp∂tXm Bb GsXmcp
{]hrØnbpw XSbpI;
(_n) Xt±im[nImcÿm\ßƒ Dƒs∏sS £aXbpff A[nImcÿm\w
\nivNbn°p∂ kabßfnepw ÿeßfnepw A√msX GsX¶nepw s]mXpkvYeØv
GsX¶nepw hkvXp°ƒ \nt£]n°p∂Xv XSbpI;
(kn) \n¿±njv S dKptej\pIƒ°\pkrXambn´√msX sXcphpIfnepsStbm
sXcphpIfnse hoSpIfntet°m, sIńSßfntebvt°m,hoSpIfn¬ \nt∂m sIńSßfn¬
\nt∂m hnk¿÷yhkv X p°tfm D]{ZhIcamb hkv X p°tfm km[\ßtfm
sIm≠pt]mIp∂Xv Bhiyamb ipNnXzw Dd∏phcpØp∂Xn\mbn \nb{¥n°pI;
(Un) GsX¶nepw sXcphneqsS ]I¿®hym[nItfm kmw{IanItcmKßfpfftXm Bb
BfpIsftbm arKßsftbm arKßfpsStbm a\pjycpsStbm ihicoctam AhbpsS
`mKßtfm AdhpimeIfn¬ \n∂pff D—njvStam amcIamb ssPh cmk ]Zm¿∞ßtfm
CeIvt{SmWnIv thÃpItfm {]Z¿in∏n°p∂tXm sIm≠pt]mIp∂tXm {IaoIcn°pI.
(C) GsX¶nepw sXcpthm, s]mXpÿetam D]tbmKn°p∂h¿°v A]ISw
D≠mtb°mhp∂ XcØnepff sIńSßƒ, πm‰vt^mapIƒ a‰pXcØnepff FSp∏pIƒ
F∂nhbpsS \n¿ΩmWw A‰Ip‰∏Wn, s]mfn®p\o°¬ F∂nh {IaoIcn°pI;
(F^v) {Sm^n°ns\ _m[n°mhp∂ hn[Øn¬ sshZypXn, Pew, amen\y\n¿Ωm¿÷\w,
hnhchn\nabw, hm¿Ømhn\nabw, \n¿Ωm¿÷\w, tISp]mSpXo¿°¬, ]ckyw,
IpgnsbSp°¬, th¿Xncn°¬ apXemb Bhiyßƒ°mbn \ncØpIfn¬ GsX¶nepw
{]hrØn Bcw`n°p∂Xn\v apºv AØcw {]hrØn kabØv t]meokn\v _Z¬ kwhn[m\w
sNøp∂Xn\pw s]mXpP\ßfpsS _p≤nap´v eLqIcn°p∂Xn\pw AØcØnepff
tPmenIƒ hnhn[ hIp∏pIƒ XΩn¬ GtIm]n∏n®p \SØp∂Xn\pw _‘s∏´ hIp∏pIfpw
t]meokpw XΩnep≈ GtIm]\Øn\pap≈ \S]SnIƒ BhjvIcn®v {IaoIcn°pI;
(Pn) ]I¿®hym[ntbm kmw{IanItcmKtam XSbp∂Xn\v ÿehmknIsfs°m≠v
AhchcpsS DSaÿXbntem ssIhiØntem Dff sIńShpw ]cnkchpw
ipNnbm°p∂Xn\pw AWphnap‡am°p∂Xn\pw tcmK_m[nXtcm tcmKw Ds≠∂v
kwibn°s∏Sp∂tXm Bb BfpIsftbm, arKßsftbm am‰n∏m¿∏n°p∂Xn\pw
{IaoIcWw sNøpI;
(F®v ) hgnbm{X°m¿t°m ]cnkchmknIƒt°m D≠mIp∂ XS ßƒ,
AkuIcyßƒ, _p≤nap´pIƒ, A]mbkm≤yX, A]ISw As√¶n¬ apdnhv apXembh
XSbp∂Xn\pth≠n;˛
(i) s]mXphnlmcÿeßfpambn _‘s∏´ {]h¿Ø\ßfpw;
(ii) sXcphpIfnepw s]mXpÿeßfnepw AhnsSbpff sIńSßfnepw s]mXp
kpc£bpambn _‘s∏´ {IaoIcWßfpw;
(iii) ]md s]mń°epw;
(iv) GsX¶nepw \n¿ΩmWw, tISp]mSv Xo¿°¬ As√¶n¬ A‰Ip‰∏Wnbpw;
(v) GsX¶nepw hmWnPy {]h¿Ø\ßfpw;
\nb{¥n°pI.
(2) A{]Imcap≈ Hmtcm sdKptej\pw AXv FhnsSbmtWm \S∏nemt°≠Xv AhnsS
{]kn≤oIcnt°≠Xpw _‘s∏´ F√m BfpIfpw BbXv ]men°phm≥
_m≤yÿcmbncn°p∂XpamWv.
81. X¿°w \ne\n¬°p∂ Bƒ°q´ßfnse {Iakam[m\]me\w ˛ (1) GsX¶nepw
ÿeØv GsX¶nepw XcØnep≈ NStßm {]IS\tam {]Z¿i\tam kwLSnXamb
P\°q´tam Bbn _‘s∏´v AXns‚ \SØn∏ntem AXn¬ ]s¶Sp°p∂Xns\∏‰ntbm
Dff Hcp X¿°tam hmKzmZtam \ne\n¬°p∂psh∂pw BbXv kam[m\`RvP\Ønte°v
\bn°m≥ km≤yXbps≠∂pw Pn√m aPnkvt{S‰n\v t_m≤ys∏´m¬, _‘s∏´ hy‡nIƒ
Fßs\ s]cpamdWsa∂Xns\ kw_‘n®v AØcw kmlNcyßƒ°\pkrXambn
At±lØn\v DNnXamb DØchpIƒ \¬Imhp∂XmWv.
(2) AØcw DØchpIƒ ]pds∏Sphn°ptºmƒ Pn√m aPnkvt{S‰v _‘s∏´
BfpIfpsSbpw I£nIfpsSbpw {]Xy£amb \nbamhImißƒ°pw GsX¶nepw ÿm]nX
BNmcßƒ°pw \ymbamb ]cnKW\ \¬Inbncnt°≠XmWv.
(3) Aßs\bp≈ F√m DØchpIfpw AXv \S∏nem°p∂ {]tZiØv
{]kn≤s∏SptØ≠Xpw _‘s∏´ F√m BfpIfpw BbXn\v hnt[bamIpw hn[w
{]h¿Øn°m≥ _m≤yÿcpamWv.
(4) (1)˛mw D]hIp∏v {]Imcap≈ GsXmcp DØchpw A[nImcnXbp≈ Hcp tImSXn
]pds∏Sphn® hn[nt°m DØchnt\m hncp≤amsW∂v Pn√m aPnkv t {S‰n\v
t_m[ys∏SpIbmsW¶n¬ Ah ]n≥hen°pItbm am‰w hcpØpItbm sNtø≠XpamWv.
82. Ahiytkh\ßƒ \¬tI≠ BfpIƒ ˛ (1) Pn√m aPnkvt{S‰nt\m k¿°mcnt\m
GsX¶nepw {]mtZinI ÿeßfn¬ \ne\n¬°p∂ kmlNcyßƒ ]cnKWn®psIm≠v,
kam[m\w \ne\n¿Øp∂Xn\v BhiyambtXm s]mXpP\ßƒ°v A]ISw
Hgnhm°p∂Xnt\m GsX¶nepw A]ISßfn¬ \nt∂m Zpc¥ßfn¬ \nt∂m Poh\pw
kzØn\pw A]mbw kw`hn°p∂Xv XSbp∂Xnt\m th≠n GsX¶nepw BfpIfpsStbm
BfpIfpsS kwLßfpsStbm ÿm]\ßfpsStbm sXmgn¬]cambtXm am\knItam
imcocnItam ImbnItam Bb tkh\ßsf Bhiys∏Sm\pw AØcw BfpIfpw
kwLßfpw ÿm]\ßfpw AØcw tkh\ßƒ AhcpsS Ignhns‚ ]camh[n
\¬Iphm≥ _m[yÿcmbncn°p∂XpamWv.
(2) AØcw tkh\w \¬Ip∂ AfpIfpw ÿm]\ßfpw \ymbamb {]XnêØn\pw
Ah¿°v sNehmb XpI aS°n°n´phm\pw A¿lcmbncn°p∂Xpw Pn√m aPnkvt{S‰v
Aßs\bp≈ XpI Ah¿°p \¬Iphm≥ DNnXamb \S]Sn kzoIcnt°≠XpamWv.
83. {]tXyI kpc£m taJeIƒ ˛ (1) k¿°mcn\v, kwÿm\ t]meokv ta[mhnbpsS
ip]m¿ibnt∑tem a‰p hn[Øntem B {]tZiØp≈ hninjvS hy‡nt°m As√¶n¬
kwc£Ww \¬Is∏Sp∂ Bfnt\m As√¶n¬ AhnsS ÿnXnsNøp∂ GsX¶nepw
{][m\s∏´ ÿm]\Ønt\m ]cnkcßƒt°m t\scbp≈ ISpØ kpc£mòjWnbpsS
ImcWØm¬, GsX¶nepw {]tZisØ Hcp {]tXyI kpc£m taJebmbn
{]Jym]n°mhp∂XmWv.
(2) k¿°mcn\v, Aßs\bp≈ {]tXyI kpc£mtaJebnse sIńS ]cnkc
ßfptSbpw hml\ßfptSbpw D]tbmKsØ kw_‘n®pw {]kvXpX {]tZisØ
hy‡nIfptSbpw hml\ßfptSbpw hkvXp°fptSbpw \o°w kw_‘n®pw \ymbamb
\nb{¥Wßƒ \n¿t±in°mhp∂Xpw, {]kvXpX \nb{¥Wßƒ ]men°p∂Xn\mhiyamb
\n¿t±ißƒ _‘s∏´h¿°v t]meokptZymKÿ¿ \¬Imhp∂XpamWv.
A≤ymbw 7
tkh\ hyhÿIƒ
84. tkh\ hyhÿIƒ k¿°m¿ \n›bn°Wsa∂v ˛ 1968 se tIcf ]ªnIv
k¿Δokkv BIv‰ntebpw (1968 se 19) AXn≥Iogn¬ D≠m°nbn´p≈ N´ßfntebpw
hyhÿIƒ°p hnt[bambn t]meokv DtZymKÿcpsS \nba\w, ]cnioe\w, iºfw,
ÿewam‰w, a‰v tkh\ hyhÿIƒ F∂nh s]mXphmbtXm {]tXyIambtXm Bb
DØchn≥ {]Imcw k¿°mcn\v \n›bn°mhp∂XmWv.
F∂m¬, C¥y≥ t]meokv k¿Δokn¬ AwKßfmbp≈ DtZymKÿsc
kw_‘n°p∂ hyhÿIƒ 1951 se Hmƒ C¥y k¿Δokkv BIv‰pw (1951se 61˛mw tI{μ
BIv‰v) AXns‚ Iognep≈ N´ßfpw {]Imcambncn°Ww.
85. t]meokv DtZymKÿ¿ A®S°Øn\v hnt[bcmbncn°Ww. ˛ t]meokv
DtZymKÿcpw, t]meokv DtZymKÿ\mbn \nban°p∂Xn\v sXcs™SpØtijw
]cnioe\Øn¬ G¿s∏ńcn°p∂ BfpIfpw A®S°w kw_‘n® hyhÿIƒ°v
hnt[bambncn°p∂Xpw Ah¿,˛
(F)k¿°mtcm kwÿm\ t]meokv ta[mhntbm \n›bn°p∂ hn[Øn¬ s]mXp
A`n{]mb {]IS\w, kwLwtNc¬, cmjv{Sob {]h¿Ø\w, I¿ØhyØn¬ \n∂pw ]n≥amd¬,
Ahcn¬ \n∂pw {]Xo£n°p∂ s]mXphmbXpw kzImcyambXpamb s]cpam‰w F∂nhbn¬
\ymbamb \nb{¥Wßƒ kzoIcn°p∂Xn\pw;
(_n) AhcpsS \nba]camb I¿Øhyßƒ \nbam\pkrXambn aXnbmb
ss[cytØmSpw \n›bZm¿VytØmSpw \n£v]£XtbmSpwIqSn XßfpsS Ignhns‚
]camh[n {]tbmP\s∏SpØn \n¿Δlnt°≠Xn\pw;
(kn) t]meokn\v t\cns´Sp°mhp∂ Ip‰IrXyßƒ XSbp∂Xn\pw F√mbvt∏mgpw
\nbaw \S∏nem°p∂Xn\pw XßfpsS F√m Ignhpw \nbahnt[bambn
{]tbmP\s∏SpØp∂Xn\pw;
(Un) A[nImcs∏´ taeptZymKÿ¿, aPnkvt{S‰pam¿, PpUojy¬ DtZymKÿ¿
F∂nhcpsS DØchpIƒ \nbam\pkrXw \S∏nem°phm\pw taeptZymKÿcpsS hy‡amb
A\paXnbn√msX XßfpsS tPmenbn¬ \n∂pw kzbw ]n∑mdmXncn°p∂Xn\pw;
(C) NpaXes∏´ A[nImcn \n›bn°p∂ coXnbnepff bqWnt^mw \n›nX
AhkcØnepw \n›nX I¿Øhyßƒ \n¿Δln°ptºmgpw [cn°p∂Xn\pw;
(F^v) kwÿm\ t]meokv ta[mhn s]mXphmtbm {]tXyIamtbm ]pds∏Sphn°p∂
DØch\pkcn®v Hmtcm I¿Øhyßfn¬ G¿s∏Sptºmgpw a‰v Ahkcßfnepw
s]cpamdp∂Xn\pw;
_m[yÿcmbncn°p∂XmWv.
86. t]meokv DtZymKÿ \nba\Øn\pff AtbmKyXIƒ˛ (1) GsXmcmfpw ˛
(F) `mcX ]uc≥ A√mXncn°pItbm;
(_n) A{Itam’pIXtbm Akm∑m¿§nIXtbm Dƒs°mffp∂ Hcp {Inan\¬
Ip‰Øn\v tImSXn in£n®n´pfftXm;
(kn) am\knIamtbm imcocnIamtbm s]cpam‰w sImt≠m t]meokns‚ I¿Øhyßƒ
\n¿Δln°p∂Xn\v AtbmKy\mbtXm;
(Un) cmjv{Sob ]m¿ńbn¬ AwKXzapfftXm t]meokv tk\bn¬ \nba\w e`n®tijw
t\ctØ e`n® AwKXzw Ahkm\n∏n°m≥ XømdmImXncn°p∂tXm;
(C) GsX¶nepw kmaqlytam, kmwkvImcnItam, aX]ctam, imkv{Xkw_‘ntbm
Bb kwLS\bnse `mchmlnXzw k¿°mtcm, kwÿm\ t]meokv ta[mhntbm, Pn√m
t]meokv ta[mhntbm Bhiys∏ń´pw Dt]£n°phmt\m Ahkm\n∏n°phmt\m
XømdmImXncn°p∂tXm;
(F^v) GsX¶nepw \ntcm[n°s∏ń´pff kwLS\bn¬ AwKambncn°pItbm;
Bbm¬ t]meokv DtZymKÿ\mbn \nban°s∏Smt\m t]meokv DtZymKÿ\mbn
tPmenbn¬ XpScphmt\m A¿lXbn√mbncn°p∂XmWv.
(2) Hcp hy‡ns°Xnsc tImSXnbn¬ A{Itam’pIXbv°pw Akm∑m¿§nI
{]h¿ØnIƒ°pw {Inan\¬ tIkv \nehneps≠¶nepw Abmƒ°v t]meokv
DtZymKÿ\mbn \nba\Øn¬ ]s¶Sp°p∂Xn\pw sXcs™Sp°s∏Sp∂Xn\pw
]cnioe\Øn\pw A¿lXbp≠mbncn°psa¶nepw Abmƒ Ip‰hnap‡\mbtijw am{Xta
ÿncw \nba\Øn\v A¿lXbp≠mbncn°pIbpffq.
(3) Hcp t]meokv DtZymKÿ≥ \nba\Øn\v tijw Ft∏msg¶nepw (1) ˛mw
D]hIp∏n¬ (F) apX¬ (F^v) hscbpff C\ßfn¬ Dƒs∏ń´pffXmbn
Is≠ØpIbmsW¶n¬ {]kvXpX DtZymKÿs\ DSs\ Xs∂ \nba\ A[nImcn°v
kkvs]‚ v sNømhp∂Xpw, adn®v sXfnbn°p∂Xn\v \ymbamb Ahkcw \¬InbXn\v
tijw Abmsf DtZymKØn¬ \n∂pw ]ncn®phnSpItbm, \o°w sNøpItbm, \n¿_‘ambn
hncan∏n°pItbm sNømhp∂XpamWv.
87. t]meokv DtZymKÿ¿ kXy{]Xn⁄ sNtø≠XmWv˛ (1) Cu BIv‰v A\pkcn®v
t]meokv tk\bn¬ tNcp∂ Hmtcm AwKhpw ]cnioe\w hnPbIcambn
]q¿Ønbm°n°gn™v \nba\m[nImcn°v apºmsItbm At±lØm¬ \nbp‡\mb Hcp
hy‡nbpsS apºmsItbm \n›nX coXnbnepff Hcp {]Xn⁄ FSp°phm≥ _m[yÿ\mWv.
(2) A{]Imcw {]Xn⁄ FSp°phm≥ Hcmƒ hnkΩXn°pIbmsW¶n¬ AbmfpsS
\nba\w Akm[phmIp∂XmWv.
88. t]meokv DtZymKÿ¿°v A[nImcØns‚ tcJ \¬tI≠XmWv.˛(1) Hcp hy‡n
t]meokv DtZymKÿ\mbn \nban°s∏Sp∂tXmsS B hy‡n°v Cu BIv‰v A\pkcn®v
t]meokv DtZymKÿs‚ NpaXeIƒ \n¿Δln°p∂Xn\v A[nImcs∏SpØp∂ tcJ
\¬tI≠XmWv.
F∂m¬, k¿°m¿ \n›bn®n´pff ]cnioe\ ]cn]mSn hnPbIcambn
]q¿Ønbm°msX Hcp hy‡nsb t]meokv DtZymKÿ\mbn \nban°phm≥ ]mSpffX√.
(2) hnPbIcambn ]cnioe\w ]q¿Ønbm°p∂ Hcp hy‡nbpsS ]cnioe\ Imebfhv
\n¿Æbn°s∏Sp∂ {]Imcw Uyqńbmbn ]cnKWn°p∂XmWv.
89. t]meokv DtZymKÿ¿ G√mbvt∏mgpw Uyqńbnembncn°psa∂v˛ Ah[nbntem,
kkvs]‚ v sNbvXn´pfftXm, {]tXyIambn Hgnhm°nbn´p≈tXm A√msXbpff apgph≥
t]meokv DtZymKÿcpw Cu BIv‰v A\pkcn®pff F√m Imcyßƒ°pw, G√mbvt∏mgpw
I¿Øhy \n¿ΔlWØn\v _m[yÿcpw, GXp kabØpw kwÿm\ t]meokv ta[mhn
Xocpam\n°p∂Xv A\pkcn®v C¥ybnse GXp `mKØpw tPmen sNøp∂Xn\v
_m[yÿcpambncn°pw.
90. t]meokv DtZymKÿ¿ GXp hn`mKØnepw tkh\a\pjvTn°Wsa∂v˛ kwÿm\
t]meoknse apgph≥ t]meokv DtZymKÿcpw Ahsc sXcs™SpØXpw, \nban®Xpw
GXphn`mKØnemsW¶nepw, kwÿm\ t]meokv ta[mhn DØchnSp∂]£w Ah¿
t]meokv tk\bn¬ \n¿Δlnt°≠ GsXmcp tPmenbnepw Xm¬°menIambn
\nban°s∏Sphm≥ _m[yÿcmWv.
91 t]meokv DtZymKÿ¿ I¿ØhyØn¬ \n∂v ]n≥amdphm≥ ]mSn√mØXmsW∂v ˛
(1) kwÿm\ t]meokv ta[mhnbptStbm, At±lw A[nImcs∏SpØnb DtZymKÿs‚tbm
hy‡amb A\paXnbn√msX Hcp t]meokv DtZymKÿ\pw Xs‚ DtZymKØn¬ \n∂pw
cmPn hbv°pItbm, I¿ØhyØn¬ \n∂v kzbw ]n≥amdpItbm sNøphm≥ ]mSp≈X√.
(2) \nbam\pkcWw Ah[nbn¬ {]thin®v tPmenbn¬ \n∂pw hn´p \n¬°p∂ Hcp
DtZymKÿ≥ A\phZn® Ah[nbpsS Imemh[n ]q¿Ønbm°nbtijw \ymbamb ImcWw
IqSmsX XncnsI tPmenbn¬ {]thin°p∂ns√¶n¬ B DtZymKÿ≥ Cu hIp∏n¬
kqNn∏n®n´p≈ coXnbn¬ tPmenbn¬ \n∂v kzbw hn´p \n¬°p∂Xmbn
IW°m°php∂XmWv.
92. t]meokv DtZymKÿ¿ a‰v sXmgnen¬ G¿s∏ScpsX∂v ˛ kvs]jy¬ t]meokv
DtZymKÿ¿ HgnsIbp≈ GsXmcp t]meokv DtZymKÿ\pw Cu BIv‰v {]Imcap≈ tPmen
A√msX a‰v bmsXmcp sXmgnentem, DtZymKØntem G¿s∏Sphm≥ ]mSp≈X√.
93. kkvs]≥j\nep≈ t]meokv DtZymKÿ¿ A[nImcw hn\ntbmKn°cpsX∂v ˛
(1) Hcp t]meokv DtZymKÿ≥ Xm≥ hln°p∂ XkvXnIbn¬ \n∂pw kkvs]≥j\n¬
Bbm¬ B t]meokv DtZymKÿ\n¬ \n£n]v X amb A[nImcßfpw {]tXyI
AhImißfpw C√mXmIp∂XmWv.
(2) kkvs]‚ v sNøs∏Sp∂Xn\v apºv _m[Iambncp∂ A®S°w kw_‘n®
N´ßƒ°pw \nb{¥W A[nImcnIƒ°pw kkvs]‚ v sNøs∏´ Bƒ ]q¿Æambpw
hnt[b\mbncn°p∂XmWv.
(3) Hcp DtZymKÿ\v Xs‚ t\cn´p≈ ta¬t\m´Øn¬ {]h¿Øn°p∂ Xmgv∂
]Zhnbnep≈ DtZymKÿs\ AbmfpsS \n›nXamb NpaXeIfn¬ \n∂v Abmƒ
kkvs]≥j\n¬ As√¶n¬ t]mepw GXv kabØpw ]q¿Æamtbm `mKnIamtbm am‰n
\n¿Ømhp∂XmWv.
(4) (3) ˛mw D]hIp∏v A\pkcn®v \S]Sn kzoIcn°p∂ DtZymKÿ≥, \nb{¥Ww
G¿s∏SpØn Ccp]Øn\mev aWn°qdn\Iw \S]Sn°p≈ ImcWßfpw hkvXpXIfpw
\nba\m[nImcnsb tcJmaqew Adnbnt°≠Xpw \nba\m[nImcn Ggv ZnhkØn\p≈n¬
\S]Sn ÿncoIcn°pItbm t`ZKXn sNøpItbm sNøp∂ns√¶n¬ \nb{¥W \S]SnIƒ°v
km[pX C√mXmhp∂XpamWv.
94. t]meokv DtZymKÿcpsS tPmen kabw˛ (1) t]meokv DtZymKÿ¿
Bhiym\pkcWw F{X kabw tPmen sNøphm\pw _m[yÿcmsW¶nepw km[mcWbmbn
Hcp Znhkw F´v aWn°qdn¬ IqSpX¬ tPmen Ahcn¬ \n∂v {]Xo£n°phm≥ ]mSp≈X√.
(2) Hgnhm°m\mImØtXm ASnb¥nctam Bb tPmen D≠mIptºmƒ t]meokv
DtZymKÿcpsS tPmen kabw Hcp Znhkw F´v aWn°qdn¬ IqSmhp∂XmWv.
F∂m¬, GsX¶nepw Ccp]Øn\mev aWn°q¿ Imebfhn¬ F´v aWn°qdne[nIw
tPmen sNbvXp F∂ ImcWØm¬ Hcp t]meokv DtZymKÿ\pw taeptZymKÿcpsS
A\paXnbn√msX X\n°v \¬Is∏´ GsX¶nepw tPmen sNømXncn°pItbm, GsX¶nepw
ASnb¥nctam AXymhiytam Bb tPmenbn¬ \n∂v kzbw ]n≥hmßpItbm sNøm≥
]mSp≈X√.
95. t]meokv DtZymKÿ¿ òcpXzw {]ISn∏n°cpsX∂v ˛ (1) t]meokv DtZymKÿ¿
\nba]camb NpaXe \n¿Δln°p∂Xn\nSbn¬ kmlNcyØn\v A\pkrXambn imcocnI
A]ISkm≤yX t\cnSp∂Xn\v k∂≤cmbncnt°≠XmWv.
(2) òcpXzwaqew Hcp t]meokv DtZymKÿ≥ Xs‚ tPmen°nSbn¬ \ymbamb
{]hrØnbn¬ \n∂v ]n≥amdpItbm A\ymbamb {]hrØnbn¬ G¿s∏SpItbm sNøm≥
]mSp≈X√.
(3) Hcp t]meokv DtZymKÿ≥ Xs‚ \nba]camb NpaXe \ndth‰p∂Xn¬ \n∂pw
GsX¶nepw hy‡ntbmtSm hkv X phnt\mtSm D≈ `bwaqew A\[nIrXambn
]n≥hmßpIbmsW¶n¬ B DtZymKÿs\ òcpXzØn\v Ip‰°mc\mbn IcptX≠XmWv.
(4)Hcp {]hrØnaqew Bk∂acWtam KpcpXcamb ]cnt°m Dd∏mWv F∂v
\ymbambpw IcpXmhp∂ kmlNcyØn¬ B {]hrØn kzta[bm sNøphm≥ Hcp t]meokv
DtZymKÿt\bpw Cu hIp∏nep≈ bmsXm∂pw Xs∂ \n¿_‘n°p∂X√.
96. t]meokv DtZymKÿ¿ AgnaXnbpw ]oU\hpw dnt∏m¿´v sNøWsa∂v ˛ (1) Xs‚
km∂n≤yØnepw X\n°v hy‡ambn Adnbmhp∂ kmlNcyØnepw AgnaXntbm
IÃUnbnep≈ Hcmfns\Xncmbn Ip‰IrXyw kΩXn∏n°p∂Xnt\m sXfnhp≠m°p∂Xnt\m
th≠nbp≈ imcocnI ]oU\tam \S°pIbmsW∂v Hcp t]meokv DtZymKÿ\v DØa
t_m≤yw D≈ kmlNcyØn¬, BbXv t\cn´v NpaXes∏´ sU]yqń t]meokv
kq{]≠ns\tbm Pn√m t]meokv ta[mhntbtbm Adnbn°phm≥ B t]meokv DtZymKÿ≥
_m[yÿ\mbncn°p∂XmWv.
(2) DØahnizmktØmSpIqSn A{]Imcw Adnbn°p∂Xv Xs∂°mƒ Db¿∂
t{iWnbnep≈ DtZymKÿs\XnscbmWv F∂p≈ ImcWØm¬ am{Xw B {]hrØn
A®S°ewL\ambn IW°m°m≥ ]mSp≈X√.
(3) A{]Imcw Adnbn®n√ F∂ H‰°mcWØm¬ Hcp t]meokptZymKÿ≥ {]kvXpX
AgnaXnbntem, ]oU\Øntem ]¶mfnbmtbm kwc£I\mtbm klmbnbmtbm
{]h¿Øn®p F∂v IcpXs∏Sphm≥ ]mSp≈X√.
F∂m¬, A{]Imcw Adnbn°mXncn°p∂ t]meokptZymKÿs\ hIp∏pXe
A®S° \S]SnIƒ°v hnt[b\mt°≠XmWv.
97. t]meokv DtZymKÿcpsS Ipd™ DtZymK Imemh[n˛ (1) kwÿm\ t]meokv
ta[mhn, td©ns‚ NpaXebp≈ C≥kv s ]Iv S ¿ P\d¬am¿, t]meokv Pn√bpsS
NpaXebp≈ t]meokv kq{]≠pam¿ As√¶n¬ IΩojW¿am¿, tÃj≥ lukv
Bôk¿am¿ F∂nh¿°v G‰hpw Ipd™Xv c≠v h¿jw DtZymKImemh[n k¿°m¿
Dd∏mt°≠XmWv.
F∂m¬, k¿Δokn¬ \n∂v hncan°¬ s{]mtamj≥, XcwXmgvØ¬, kkvs]≥j≥,
Ah[n XpSßnb kmlNcyßfn¬ CXv _m[IamIp∂X√.
(2)C\n (F) apX¬ (F^v ) hsc ]dbp∂ ImcWßfm¬ k¿°mcnt\m
\nba\m[nImcnt°m {]YaZrjvSym t_m≤yw hcnIbmsW¶n¬ Hcp t]meokv DtZymKÿs\,
AbmfpsS t]cn¬ kzoIcn°m\nSbp≈ \nba]ctam hIp∏pXeØntem D≈ \S]SnIƒ
kzoIcn°phm\p≈ kzmX{¥yw ap≥hn[nbn√msX \ne\n¿Øns°m≠v, Abmsf km[mcW
DtZymK Imemh[nbmb c≠v h¿jw ]q¿ØnbmIp∂Xn\v apºv ÿew am‰mhp∂XmWv
(F) Abmƒ A®S° \S]Sn°v hnt[b\mhpI.
(_n) A{Itam’pIXtbm Akm∑m¿KnIXtbm Dƒs∏Sp∂ Hcp {Inan\¬
Ip‰IrXyØntem AgnaXnbntem Dƒs∏´Xmbn At\zjWØn¬ {]YaZrjvSym Is≠ØpI.
(kn) imcocnIamtbm am\knIamtbm IrXy\n¿ΔlWØn\v A{]m]y\mbncn°pI.
(Un) AbmfpsS {]h¿Ø\w hnebncpØp∂ taeptZymKkvY≥ Abmƒ Imcy£aambn
tPmen sNøp∂n√m F∂v tcJmaqew dnt∏m¿´v sNøpI.
(C) AbmfpsS A[nImc]cn[nbn¬ t]meokns‚ Imcy£aX kw_‘n®v
s]mXpP\ßƒ°v Imcyamb AXr]vXn D≠mhpI.
(F^v) hln®v sIm≠ncn°p∂ ÿm\Øv \n∂v ÿewam‰w thWsa∂v Abmƒ
tcJmaqew Bhiys∏SpI.
98. kvs]jy¬ t]meokv DtZymKÿ¿.˛(1) Pn√m t]meokv ta[mhn°v, k¿°m¿
DØchpIƒ°v hnt[bambn, tcJmaqeap≈ DØchneqsS k¬kz`mhnbpw BtcmKyhm\pw
k∂≤\pamb ]Xns\´p hb n\pw Adp]Xv hb n\pw CSbn¬ {]mbap≈Xpw kvs]jy¬
t]meokv DtZymKÿ≥ BIphm≥ tbmKy\pamb hy‡nsb {Iakam[m\ ]cn]me\Øn\v
t]meokns\ klmbn°p∂Xn\v Xm¬°menIambn \nban°mhp∂XmWv.
(2) A{]Imcw \nban°s∏Sp∂ Hmtcm kvs]jy¬ t]meokv DtZymKÿ\pw
\nban°s∏Sptºmƒ,˛
(F) k¿°m¿ AwKoIcn® Hcp k¿ń^n°‰v e`n°p∂XmWv;
(_n) Hcp km[mcW t]meokv DtZymKÿ\p≈Xpt]mep≈ A[nImcßfpw
]cnc£Ifpw D≠mbncn°p∂Xpw AXpt]mep≈ `cW]chpw A®S°sØ
kw_‘n°p∂Xpamb \nb{¥Wßƒ°v hnt[b\mbncn°p∂XpamWv;
(kn) k¿°m¿ ]pds∏Sphn°p∂ DØchv {]Imcap≈ thX\w e`n°p∂XmWv.
(3) kvs]jy¬ t]meokv DtZymKÿ\mbn Hcmfns\ \nban°p∂p F∂p≈Xv
sIm≠pam{Xw Abmsf k¿°m¿ tPmenbn¬ ÿncamtbm Xm¬°menIamtbm FSpØXmbn
IW°m°phm≥ ]mSn√mØXpw, Abmƒ°v CtX ImcWØnt∑¬ `mhnbn¬ t]meokv
tk\bn¬ sXcs™Sp°p∂Xn\v {]tXyI ]cnKW\ D≠mbncn°p∂Xpa√.
(4) {Iakam[m\]me\Øn\v hfscb[nIw BfpIsf ASnb¥ncambn Bhiyap≈
{]tXyI ]cnXÿnXnbn¬ k¿°m¿ DØchns‚ ASnÿm\Øn¬ kvs]jy¬ t]meokv
DtZymKÿsc \nban°mhp∂XmWv.
(5) kvs]jy¬ t]meokv DtZymKÿ¿ hnap‡`S∑mtcm, hncan®
t]meokptZymKÿtcm, \mjW¬ k¿Δokv kvIow, \mjW¬ tIU‰v tIm¿]vk,v ÃpU‚ k
v v
t]meokv tIU‰v F∂nhbn¬ {]h¿Ø\]cnNbap≈htcm As√¶n¬ k¿°m¿
ImemImeßfn¬ \n›bn°p∂ kam\hn`mKØn¬s∏Sp∂htcm Bbncnt°≠XmWv.
(6) kvs]jy¬ t]meokv DtZymKÿcpsS tkh\w GXp kabØpw
ap∂dnbn∏n√msXbpw, {]tXyIn®v ImcWw ImWn°msXbpw, \jvS]cnlmcw \¬ImsXbpw
Pn√m t]meokv ta[mhn°v Ahkm\n∏n°mhp∂XmWv.
(7) kvs]jy¬ t]meokv DtZymKÿ¿°v Bbp[ßƒ \¬Iphmt\m tIkpIƒ,
]cmXnIƒ F∂nhbpsS At\zjWØn\v Ahsc NpaXes∏SpØphmt\m ]mSp≈X√.
99. hy‡n]camb ZmkyhrØn \ntcm[n°p∂p.˛(1) t]meokv tk\bpsS A¥ n\v
\nc°mØXpw XcwXmgv∂Xpamb coXnbn¬ as‰mcmfpsS hy‡n]camb Bhiym\pkcWw
ZmkyhrØn sNøphm≥ Hcp t]meokv DtZymKÿt\mSv Bhiys∏Smt\m Abmsf AXn\v
\n¿_‘n°mt\m ]mSn√mØXmWv.
F∂m¬, Cu hIp∏n¬ {]Xn]mZn°p∂ bmsXm∂pw Xs∂ t]meokns‚ GsX¶nepw
NpaXe \nbam\pkcWw \n¿Δln°p∂Xn\mhiyamb GsX¶nepw {]hrØnIfn¬ \n∂pw
hn´p\n¬°phm\p≈ AhImiw Hcp DtZymKÿ\pw \¬Ip∂X√.
100. {]hrØn IrXy\n¿ΔlWamtWm A√tbm F∂p≈Xv.˛ IrXy\n¿ΔlWhpambn
_‘s∏´ GsX¶nepw hyhlmctam NnIn’tbm \jvS]cnlmctam t£aImcytam
kw_‘n®v kmºØnI klmbtam \nbaklmbtam a‰p kuIcyßtfm Hcp
t]meokptZymKÿ\v \¬tI≠XmtWm F∂v ]cnKWn°p∂ kμ¿`Øn¬,˛
(F) Hcp t]meokv DtZymKÿs‚ {]hrØn HutZymKnI IrXy\n¿ΔlWØns‚
`mKambn sNbvXXmsWt∂m;
(_n) Hcp kw`hw t]meokv DtZymKÿs‚ \nbam\pkcWap≈ HutZymKnI
IrXy\n¿ΔlWhpambn _‘s∏´ kmlNcyßƒaqetam As√¶n¬ B DtZymKÿt\m
a‰ptZymKÿtcm ssIs°m≠ t]meokv \S]SnIƒ aqeapfhmb hntZzjw sImt≠m
D≠mbXmsWt∂m;
(kn) t]meokv DtZymKÿ\p≠mb ]cn°v HutZymKnI IrXy\n¿ΔlWØn¬
kw`hn®XmsWt∂m;
(Un) Hcp t]meokv DtZymKÿ\p≠mb ]cnt°m \jv S tam Abmtfm a‰v
t]meokptZymKÿtcm \nbam\pkcWw HutZymKnI IrXy\n¿ΔlWw \SØnbXpaqew
D≠mb hntZzjØns‚ êambn D≠mbXmsWt∂m;
Xocpam\nt°≠Xmbps≠¶n¬ _‘s∏´ t]meokv DtZymKÿs‚ At]£bnt∑¬
kwÿm\ t]meokv ta[mhnt°m Pn√m t]meokv ta[mhnt°m DNnXamb At\zjWw
\SØn {]kvXpX DtZymKÿ\v kmºØnIklmbtam \nbaklmbtam a‰p kuIcyßtfm
\¬Ip∂Xv kw_‘n®v Xocpam\n®v \S]SnIƒ kzoIcn°mhp∂XmWv.
F∂m¬, Cu Xocpam\w aXnbmb ImcWßfps≠¶n¬ k¿°mcn\v
]p\x]cntim[n°mhp∂Xpw DNnXamb Xocpam\w A¥naambn ssIs°m≈mhp∂XpamWv.
101. hIp∏pXe in£W \S]SnIƒ.˛(1) Cu BIv ‰ n≥Iogntem, X’abw
{]m_eyØnep≈ at‰sX¶nepw \nbaØn≥Iogntem Ahbv°v Iognep≠m°nb GsX¶nepw
N´tam DØcthm {]Imctam GsX¶nepw t]meokptZymKÿ≥ s]cpam‰Zqjytam, Ip‰tam
sNøpIbmsW¶n¬ BbXn\v k¿°m¿ hn⁄m]\w sNbvXn´p≈ A®S°w, in£, A∏o¬
apXembh kw_‘n® N´ßƒ {]Imcw Abmsf hIp∏pXe in£W \S]Sn°v
hnt[b\m°mhp∂XmWv.
(2) GsX¶nepw t]meokv DtZymKÿs\Xnsc N´ßƒ A\pkcn®p≈ in£W
\S]Sn°v ]pdta tImSXn apºmsI {Inan\¬ \S]Sn \nbakwlnXbnse hyhÿIƒ
{]Imcap≈ \S]Sn Bcw`n°p∂Xn\v kwÿm\ t]meokv ta[mhn°v DØchnSmhp∂XmWv.
(3) Hcp t]meokv DtZymKÿs\ Cu hIp∏p{]Imcap≈ hIp∏pXe At\zjWØn¬
Ip‰°mc\msW∂v I≠v GsX¶nepw in£W \S]SnIƒ°v hnt[b\m°p∂Xpaqew, Cu
BIv‰v Dƒs∏sS bmsXmcp BIv‰n≥ Iognepw Abmƒ {Inan\¬ Ip‰hmfnbmsWt∂m
{Inan\¬ \nba{]Imcw in£mhn[n°v hnt[b\mb BfmsWt∂m hymJym\n°phm≥
]mSp≈X√.
(4) hIp∏pXe At\zjWw ]q¿Ønbmbtijw Ip‰°mc\msW∂v ImWp∂ t]meokv
DtZymKÿs\Xncmbn Xmsg (F) apX¬ (Iyp)hscbp≈ C\ßfn¬ ]d™ncn°p∂
GsX¶nepw in£W \S]Sn A[nImcnXbp≈ DtZymKÿt\m k¿°mcnt\m kzoIcn°m
hp∂XmWv.
(F) ]ng;
(_n) {Un√pw ImbnI ]cnioe\hpw Dƒs∏sSbp≈ A[nI tPmen;
(kn) k¿°mcn\p≠mb kmºØnI \jvSw iºfØn¬ \n∂pw Xncn®v ]nSn°pI;
(Un) _‘s∏´ I£n°p≠mb kmºØnI \jvSw iºfØn¬ \n∂pw Xncn®v
]nSn°pI;
(C) tPmenbpw s]cpam‰hpw sa®s∏SpØp∂Xn\p≈ ]cnioe\w \¬I¬;
(F^v)\n›nX {]tXyI tPmen sNøp∂Xn¬ \nt∂m, \n›nX {]tXyI ]Zhn
\¬Ip∂Xn¬ \nt∂m \ntcm[n°pI;
(Pn) Xm°oXv;
(F®v) imk\;
(sF) k©nX êtØmsSb√msXbp≈ C≥{Insa‚ v XSb¬;
(sP) k©nX êtØmsSbp≈ C≥{Insa‚ v XSb¬;
(sI) s{]mtamj≥ XS¬;
(F¬)k©nX êan√msX iºfw Ipdbv°pI;
(Fw) k©nX êtØmsS iºfw Ipdbv°pI;
(F≥) ko\ntbmdn‰nbntem dm¶ntem XcwXmgvØpI;
(H) \n¿_‘nX hncan°¬;
(]n) \o°w sNø¬;
(Iyp) ]ncn®phnS¬.
(5) ta¬∏d™ (Pn) apX¬ (Iyp)hscbp≈ C\ßfn¬ ]d™ncn°p∂
in£W\S]SnIƒ H‰bvt°m (F) apX¬ (F^v) hscbp≈ JWvUßfn¬ ]d™ncn°p∂
in£W\S]SnIƒ°v ]pdtatbm \¬Imhp∂XmWv.
(6) apIfn¬ (F) apX¬ (sP) hscbp≈ C\ßfn¬ ]d™ncn°p∂
in£W\S]SnIƒ km[mcWbmbn Hcp t]meokv DtZymKÿs‚ s{]mtamj\v XS ambn
]cnKWn°phm≥ ]mSp≈X√.
(7) Cu hIp∏nep≈ bmsXm∂pw Xs∂ GsX¶nepw t]meokv DtZymKÿs\
A®S°\S]Snbpambn kw_‘n°p∂ Imcyßƒ _‘s∏´ A[nImcnbpsStbm,
GsX¶nepw tImSXnbpsStbm ]cnKW\bn¬ sIm≠phcp∂Xn¬ \n∂v XSbp∂X√.
(8) (1) Hcp t]meokptZymKÿs\ Hcp {Inan\¬ tImSXnbpsS hnNmcWbv°v tijw
shdpsX hnSpIbmsW¶n¬ AtX kwKXn°v hIp∏pXe in£W \S]Sn
kzoIcn°mhp∂XmsW¶nepw AtX hkvXpXIfpsS ASnÿm\Øn¬ hIp∏pXe
At\zjWØn¬ AtX Ip‰Øn\v in£W\S]Sn°v hnt[b\m°phm≥ ]mSp≈X√.
(2) [m¿ΩnI A[x]X\tam a‰v Kuchkz`mhap≈ s]cpam‰ Zqjytam D≈
Ip‰Øn\mWv tImSXn in£n®n´p≈sX¶n¬ B t]meokv DtZymKÿs\ _‘s∏´ A®S°
A[nImcnt°m kwÿm\ t]meokv ta[mhnt°m k¿°mcnt\m Ip‰IrXyØns‚ kz`mhw
]cnKWn®v \n¿_‘nXambn hncan∏n°pItbm k¿Δokn¬ \n∂v \o°w sNøpItbm
]ncn®phnSpItbm sNømhp∂XmWv.
(9) apIfn¬ (F) apX¬ (F®v ) hscbp≈ C\ßfn¬ ]d™ncn°p∂
in£W\S]SnIƒ A®S°w, in£Ww apXembh kw_‘n®v N´ßfn¬ {]Xn]mZn®n´p≈
hniZamb \S]Sn{Iaßƒ ]men°msX _‘s∏´ t]meokv DtZymKÿ\v \nc]cm[nXzw
sXfnbn°m\p≈ \ymbamb Ahkcw \¬Inbtijw A[nImcs∏´ DtZymKÿ\v
Xocpam\n°mhp∂XmWv.
(10) Hmtcm dm¶nepap≈ DtZymKÿ¿s°Xncmbn hnhn[ in£W \S]SnIƒ GsX√mw
A[nImcnIƒ°v kzoIcn°msa∂Xv t]meokns‚ A®S°w, in£, A∏o¬ F∂nhsb
kw_‘n°p∂ N´ßfn¬ \njvI¿jn°p∂ {]Imcambncnt°≠XmWv.
102.kwÿm\ t]meokv ta[mhn in£W\S]SnIƒ t{ImUoIcnt°≠
XmWv . ˛k¿°mcns‚ \n¿t±iØn\v hnt[bambn kwÿm\ t]meokv ta[mhn,
kam\kz`mhap≈ s]cpam‰ Zqjyßƒ°v \¬Imhp∂ G‰hpw IqSnbXpw Ipd™Xpamb
in£W\S]SnIƒ \n›bn®v t{ImUoIcnt°≠XmWv.
F∂m¬, GsX¶nepw kmlNcyØn¬ t{ImUoIcn®n´p≈Xn¬ \n∂pw hyXykvXamb
in£W\S]Sn kzoIcn°Ww F∂ps≠¶n¬ AXv kwÿm\ t]meokv ta[mhnbpsS
AwKoImctØmSpIqSn Bbncnt°≠XmWv.
103. A∏oepw dnhnj\pw.˛t]meokv DtZymKÿ¿s°Xnsc kzoIcn°p∂ hIp∏pXe
in£W\S]SnIfnt∑¬ A∏o¬, dnhnj≥ F∂nhbv°p≈ \S]Sn{Iaw CXv kw_‘n®
N´ßfn¬ \njvI¿jn°p∂ {]Imcw Bbncnt°≠XmWv.
104. t]meokv sh¬^b¿ _yqtdm.˛(1) kwÿm\ t]meokn¬ t]meokv DtZymKÿcpsS
t£aw kw_‘n® Imcyßfn¬ kwÿm\ t]meokv ta[mhnsb klmbn°p∂Xn\pw
D]tZin°p∂Xn\pw Ah \S∏nem°p∂Xn\pw AUojW¬ UbdIvS¿ P\dens‚
]Zhnbn¬ IpdbmØ Hcp DtZymKÿs‚ t\XrXzØn¬ Hcp t]meokv sh¬^b¿ _yqtdm
D≠mbncnt°≠XmWv.
(2) _yqtdmbpsS NpaXeIfpw I¿Øhyßfpw a‰p ImcyßtfmsSm∏w, t]meokv
DtZymKÿcpsS t£aImcyßfpsS `cW\n¿ΔlWhpw \nco£Whpw Dƒs∏sS C\n
]dbp∂h Bbncn°p∂XmWv, AXmbXv.˛
(F) BtcmKykwc£Ww, {]tXyIn®v KpcpXchpw hn´pamdmØXpamb
tcmK_m[nXcmbh¿°pw k¿Δokn¬ \n∂v hncan® t]meokv DtZymKÿ¿°pw AhcpsS
B{inX¿°pw D≈ BtcmKy kwc£W ]≤XnIƒ;
(_n) tPmen°nSbn¬ ]cn°v G¬°p∂ t]meokv DtZymKÿ¿°v XzcnXhpw
DZmchpamb sshZyklmbw;
(kn) tPmen°nSbn¬ acWaSbp∂hcpsS AhIminIfpsS kmºØnI kpc£;
(Un) hncan°en\ptijap≈ t]meokptZymKÿcpsS kmºØnI kpc£;
(C) {Kq∏v `h\\n¿ΩmWhpw {Kq∏v hmbv]mkuIcyßfpw;
(F^v) t]meokptZymKÿcpsS am\knI kwL¿jßƒ eLqIcn°p∂Xn\v DXIp∂
]≤XnIƒ;
(Pn) t]meokv DtZymKÿcpsS B{inX¿°v hnZym`ymk kuIcyßƒ;
(F®v ) \nba]camb I¿Øhy\n¿ΔlWhpambn t\cn´v _‘w D≈tXm
I¿Øhy\n¿ΔlWØns‚ t]cn¬ D≠mb hntcm[w aqetam t]meokv DtZymKÿ\v
\nba\S]SnIƒ t\cntS≠nhcptºmƒ AXv Imcy£aambn {]Xntcm[n°m\p≈
\nba]camb kuIcyw G¿s∏SpØ¬.
(3) _yqtdmbn¬ kwÿm\ t]meokv ta[mhn \n›bn°p∂ ]Øn¬ IhnbmØ
D]tZiI AwKßƒ D≠mbncnt°≠Xpw Ahsc kwÿm\ t]meokv ta[mhn t]meoknse
hnhn[ dm¶pIfn¬ \n∂v c≠v h¿jtØ°v \ma\n¿t±iw sNtø≠XpamWv.
(4) _yqtdm, t]meokns‚ t£aw kw_‘n® \bßfpw am\ZWv U ßfpw
\n›bnt°≠Xpw hnhn[ t]meokv bqWn‰pIfnse t£a{]h¿Ø\ßfpsS ta¬t\m´w
hlnt°≠XpamWv.
(5) t]meokv DtZymKÿcpsS t£a{]h¿Ø\ßƒ°pw ]≤XnIƒ°pw th≠n
_yqtdmbpsS \nb{¥WØnepw `cW\n¿ΔlWØnepw Hcp t]meokv t£a\n[n
cq]oIcnt°≠Xpw AXn¬ C\n∏dbp∂ coXnbn¬ [\w kzcq]n°mhp∂XpamWv,˛
(F) k¿°mcns‚ [\klmbhpw k¿°m¿ A\phZn°p∂ a‰p coXnbnep≈
\nt£]ßfpw hmbv]Ifpw;
(_n) t]meokv DtZymKÿcpsS AwimZmbw;
(kn) in£W \S]Snbmbn t]meokptZymKÿcn¬ \n∂v hkqem°p∂ ]ng;
(Un) k¿°m¿ ImemImeßfn¬ A\phZn°p∂ {]Imcw hy‡nIfn¬ \nt∂m
ÿm]\ßfn¬ \nt∂m D≈ kw`mh\;
(C) t£a{]h¿Ø\ßfpsS `mKambn \SØs∏Sp∂ ÿm]\Øn¬ \nt∂m
]cn]mSnIfn¬ \nt∂m D≈ {]h¿Ø\em`w;
(F^v) t]meokv tkh\Øn\mbn GsX¶nepw hy‡nbn¬ \nt∂m ÿm]\Øn¬
\nt∂m CuSm°p∂ XpIbn¬ k¿°m¿ A\phZn°p∂ Hcp \n›nX iXam\w.
105. t]meokv FÃmªnjvsa‚ v t_m¿Uv ˛ (1) k¿°mcn\v, t]meokv UbdIvS¿ P\d¬
sNb¿am\mbpw, t]meokv AUojW¬ UbdIvS¿ P\dens‚ ]Zhnbn¬ IpdbmØ a‰p
\mev ko\nb¿ t]meokv DtZymKÿ¿ AwKßfmbpw D≈ Hcp hIp∏pXe t]meokv
FÃmªnjvsa‚ v t_m¿Uv cq]oIcn°mhp∂XmWv.
(2) t_m¿Uv AwKßfpsS HutZymKnI Imemh[nbpw, t_m¿Uns‚
{]h¿Ø\Øn\mbp≈ \S]Sn{Iahpw t_m¿Uv AXns‚ NpaXeIƒ \n¿Δln°p∂Xn¬
A\ph¿Ønt°≠ am\ZWvUßfpw k¿°mcn\v DØchp{]Imcw \n¿t±in°mhp∂XmWv.
106. t_m¿Uns‚ NpaXeIƒ ˛ (1) t_m¿Uv C\n∏dbp∂ NpaXeIƒ
\n¿Δlnt°≠XmWv,˛
(F) C≥kvs]IvS¿ apX¬ Xmtgm´p≈ dm¶nep≈ t]meokv DtZymKÿcpsS
ÿewam‰w, s{]mtamj≥ XpSßnb tkh\w kw_‘n® Imcyßfnep≈ ]cmXnbpw
A∏oepw _‘s∏´ \nbaßfpw N´ßfpw hniZambn ]cntim[n®v Xocpam\n°pItbm
AXp kw_‘n®v DNnXamb ip]m¿i ka¿∏n°pItbm sNøpI;
(_n) h\nXm t]meokptZymKÿcpsS tPmen kw_‘amb khntij {]iv\ßƒ
]Tn°pIbpw AXv kw_‘n® ]cmXnIƒ°v Xo¿∏p Iev]n°pIbpw Bhiyamb
Imcyßfn¬ ip]m¿i ka¿∏n°pIbpw sNøpI;
(kn) kwÿm\sØ t]meokns‚ {]h¿Ø\ßƒ, s]mXphntem {]tXyI hnjbßƒ
kw_‘nt®m, AhtemI\w sNøpI; IqSmsX
(Un) k¿°m¿ ImemImeßfn¬ t_m¿Uns\ G¬∏n°p∂ a‰v NpaXeIƒ.
(2) t_m¿Uns‚ ip]m¿iIƒ°v k¿°m¿ aXnbmb ]cnKW\ \¬tI≠XmWv.
(3) k¿°mcn\v, kzta[bmtbm _‘s∏´ hy‡nbpsS ]cmXnbnt∑tem aXnbmb
ImcWßƒ tcJs∏SpØnsIm≠v t_m¿Uns‚ GsXmcp Xocpam\hpw DØchpw
hyXymks∏SpØpItbm d±m°pItbm sNømhp∂XmWv.
107. IogptZymKÿcpsS ]cmXnIƒ°p≈ ]cnlmcw˛ (1) kwÿm\ t]meokv
FÃmªnjv s a‚ v t_m¿Uv , t]meokv sU]yqń kq{]≠ns‚ ]Zhnbnep≈ Hcp
DtZymKÿs\ Hmtcm t]meokv Pn√bnepw \ma\n¿t±iw sNtø≠Xpw A{]Imcw
\ma\n¿t±iw sNøs∏Sp∂ DtZyKÿ≥ BgvNbn¬ Hcp Znhkw t]meokv k_v
C≥kvs]IvSdpsSbpw AXn\pXmsg ]Zhnbnep≈ t]meokv DtZymKÿcpsSbpw ]cmXnIƒ
tIƒ°p∂Xnt\m kzoIcn°p∂Xnt\m th≠n \o°nhbvt°≠XpamWv.
(2) {]kvXpX DtZymKÿ≥ ]cmXn ]Tn°pIbpw ]cntim[n°pIbpw DNnXamb
]cnlmc \S]Sn kw_‘n® ip]m¿iIƒ Pn√m t]meokv ta[mhn°pw Pn√m t]meokv
ta[mhnbpsS A[nImc]cn[n°v ]pdØp≈ kwKXnbmsW¶n¬ Pn√m t]meokv ta[mhn
hgn kwÿm\ t]meokv FÃmªnjvsa‚ v t_m¿Un\pw \¬tI≠XmWv.
108. C≥jzd≥kv ]cnc£bpw, _ØIfpw, NnIn’mkuIcyßfpw ˛ (1) F√m t]meokv
DtZymKÿ¿°pw AhcpsS tPmen°nSbntem IrXy\n¿ΔlWwaqew D≠mb hntcm[w
ImcWambp≠mb B{IaWØntem, kw`hn°p∂ ]cn°v, AwK`wKw, acWw F∂nhbv°v
aXnbmb C≥jzd≥kv ]cnc£ k¿°m¿ \¬tI≠XmWv.
(2) òIc{]h¿Ø\w XSbp∂ bqWn‰pIƒ, t_mw_v \n¿Δocy kvIzmUpIƒ, Iamt‚m
{Kq∏pIƒ XpSßnbht]mep≈ henb A]ISkm≤yXbp≈sX∂v kwÿm\ t]meokv
ta[mhn \n›bn°p∂ {]tXyI hn`mKßfn¬ \nban®n´p≈ t]meokv DtZymKÿ¿°v
AhcpsS tPmenbn¬ Dƒs∏ńcn°p∂ A]ISkm≤yXIƒ°v B\p]mXnIambn {]tXyI
dnkvIv Aeh≥kv \¬tI≠XmWv.
(3) sa®s∏´ BtcmKyhpw imcocnI £aXbpw \ne\n¿Øp∂Xn\v klmbIamb
Hcp saUn°¬ C≥jzd≥kv ]cnc£ t]meokv DtZymKÿ¿°v G¿s∏SptØ≠XmWv.
(4) Hcp t]meokv DtZymKÿ\v HutZymKnI IrXy\n¿ΔlWØn\nSbn¬ D≠mb
A{IaØns‚ êamtbm I¿Øhy \n¿ΔlWwaqeap≈ hntcm[w ImcWw D≠mb
B{IaWØntem ]cnt°m AwK`wKtam D≠mIpIbmsW¶n¬ Abmƒ°v k¿°m¿
DNnXhpw ]cym]vXhpamb \jvS]cnlmcw \¬tI≠XmWv.
F∂m¬, Cu \jv S ]cnlmcw Abmƒ°v N´ßƒ {]Imcw A¿lXbpff
sshZyklmbØn\pff sNehpIƒ°v ]pdtabpffXmbncnt°≠XmWv.
(5) Hcp t]meokptZymKÿ≥ (4) ˛mw D]hIp∏n¬ {]kvXmhn®n´pff {]Imcw Xs‚
I¿Øhy \n¿ΔlWØn\nSbn¬ acn°pIbmsW¶n¬ AbmfpsS \nba{]Imcapff
AhIminIƒ°v k¿°m¿, A¿lambXpw ]cym]vXhpamb \jvS]cnlmcw \¬tI≠XmWv.
F∂m¬, Aßs\bpff \jvS]cnlmcw AbmfpsS IpSpw_Øn\v N´ßƒ {]Imcw
A¿lambn´pff km[mcW B\pIqeyßƒ°v ]pdtabmbncnt°≠XmWv.
(6) I¿Øhy\n¿ΔlWØn\nSbn¬ ]cnt°¬°p∂ t]meokv DtZymKÿ\v k¿°m¿
Nnehn¬ aXnbmbXpw anI® \nehmcØnepffXpamb NnIn’bv ° v A¿lX
D≠mbncn°p∂Xpw Abmsf ]cnt°‰ DSs\ ]cntim[n°p∂ tUmIvSdpsS ip]m¿i
A\pkcn®pff ÿm]\Øn¬ NnIn’n°mhp∂XpamWv.
109. t]meokv Atkmkntbj\pIƒ ˛ k¿°mcn\v , \n¿Æbn°s∏Sp∂
\nb{¥Wßƒ°v hnt[bambn hyXykvX dm¶pIfnepw hn`mKßfnepapff t]meokv
DtZymKÿ¿°v At mkntbj\pIƒ cq]oIcn°m≥ A\paXn \¬Imhp∂XmWv.
110. t]meokv Iwπbn‚ vkv AtXmdn‰n˛ (1) k¿°m¿˛
(i) t]meokv kq{]≠ns‚bpw AXn\papIfnepff t]meokv DtZymKÿcptSbpw G√m
XcØnepff \S]Sn ZqjysØ∏‰nbpff ]cmXnIƒ;
(ii) IÃUnbnepff kv{XoIsf ssewKnIambn ]oUn∏n°¬ As√¶n¬ GsX¶nepw
BfpsS acWØn\v ImcWamI¬ As√¶n¬ GsX¶nepw Bsf KpcpXcambn
]cnt°ev]n°¬ As√¶n¬ _em¬kwKw F∂nh kw_‘n®v a‰p ]ZhnIfnepff
DtZymKÿ¿s°Xnscbpff KpcpXc kz`mhØnepff ]cmXnIƒ F∂nh
]cntim[n°p∂Xn\pw At\zjn°p∂Xn\pambn Hcp kwÿm\ t]meokv Iwπbn‚ vkv
AtXmdn‰n cq]oIcnt°≠XmWv.
(2) kwÿm\ AtXmdn‰nbn¬ C\n ]dbp∂ AwKßƒ Dƒs∏Sp∂XmWv. AXmbXv˛
(i) sslt°mSXnbn¬ \n∂pw hncan® Hcp PUvPn, AtXmdn‰nbpsS
sNb¿t]gvkWmbncnt°≠XmWv.;
(ii) {]n≥kn∏¬ sk{I´dnbpsS ]Zhnbn¬ Xmsgb√mØ Hcp DtZymKÿ≥;
(iii) t]meokv AUojW¬ UbdIvS¿ P\dens‚ ]Zhnbn¬ Xmsgb√mØ Hcp
DtZymKÿ≥;
(iv) kwÿm\ a\pjymhImi IΩoj≥ sNb¿am≥ \¬Ip∂ t]meokv C≥kvs]IvS¿
P\dens‚ dm¶n¬ IpdbmØ ]Zhnbn¬ \n∂pw hncan® A\ptbmPycmb DtZymKÿcpsS
aq∂wK ]m\en¬ \n∂pw {]Xn]£ t\Xmhpambn BtemNn®v k¿°m¿ \n›bn°p∂ Hcp
hy‡n;
(v) kwÿm\sØ temImbp‡ \¬Ip∂ A\ptbmPycmb dn´tb¿Uv Pn√m
PUvPnamcpsS aq∂wK ]m\en¬ \n∂pw {]Xn]£ t\Xmhpambn BtemNn®v k¿°m¿
\n›bn°p∂ Hcp hy‡n;
(3) k¿°m¿, t]meokv sU]yqń kq{]≠n‚bpw {]kvXpX ]Zhnhscbpapff t]meokv
DtZymKÿ¿s°Xnscbpff ]cmXnIƒ ]cntim[n°p∂Xn\pw At\zjn°p∂Xn\pambn
Pn√mXeØn¬ t]meokv Iwπbn‚ vkv AtXmdn‰n cq]oIcnt°≠XmWv.
(4) Pn√m AtXmdn‰nbn¬ C\n ]dbp∂ AwKßƒ Dƒs∏Sp∂XmWv. AXmbXv˛
(i) hncan® Hcp Pn√m PUvPn sNb¿t]gvkWmbncnt°≠XmWv.
(ii) Pn√m IfIvS¿; IqSmsX
(iii) Pn√m t]meokv ta[mhn;
F∂m¬, Hcp Pn√m AtXmdn‰nbpsS sNb¿t]gv k s\ H∂ne[nIw Pn√m
AtXmdn‰nIfpsS sNb¿t]gvkWmbn \nban°mhp∂XmWv.
(5) kwÿm\ AtXmdn‰nbpsSbpw Pn√m AtXmdn‰nbpsSbpw AwKßfpsS tkh\
thX\ hyhÿIfpw AtXmdn‰nIfpsS \S]Sn{Iaßfpw \n¿Æbn°s∏Sp∂ {]Imcw
Bbncnt°≠XmWv.
(6) k¿°m¿ AtXmdn‰nbpamtbm AtXmdn‰nIfpamtbm IqSnbmtemNn®v, AhbpsS
icnbmb {]h¿Ø\ßƒ°v Bhiyamb F√m kuIcyßfpw \¬tI≠Xpw
G¿s∏SptØ≠XpamWv.
(7) kwÿm\ AtXmdn‰n°pw Pn√mXe AtXmdn‰nIƒ°pw, Ah At\zjWw
\SØptºmƒ, 1908 se knhn¬ \S]Sn \nbakwlnX (1908 se 5 ˛mw tI{μ BIv‰v) {]Imcw
Hcp hyhlmcw hnNmcW \SØptºmƒ Hcp knhn¬ tImSXn°pff G√m A[nImcßfpw
C\n ]dbp∂ kwKXnIsf kw_‘n®v D≠mbncn°p∂XmWv. AXmbXv˛
(F) GsXmcp Bfnt\bpw ka¨ sNøp∂Xn\pw lmPcmIphm≥
\n¿_‘n°p∂Xn\pw kXy{]Xn⁄bnt∑¬ Abmsf hnkvXcn°p∂Xn\pw;
(_n) GsXmcp tcJbpw Is≠Øphm\pw lmPcm°phm\pw Bhiys∏Sp∂Xn\pw;
(kn) kXyhmMvaqeØnt∑¬ sXfnhv kzoIcn°p∂Xn\pw, IqSmsX
(Un) \n¿Æbn°s∏Smhp∂ at‰sX¶nepw Imcyßƒ°pw;
(8) Iwsπbn‚ v k v AtXmdn‰nIfpsS {]h¿Ø\Øn\v Bhiyamb tcJIƒ
lmPcm°¬, tcJIfpsS ]cntim[\, Bhiyamb Imcyßfn¬ hnZKv≤ klmbw
XpSßnbh Dd∏phcpØp∂Xn\v G√m k¿°m¿ DtZymKÿcpw km[yamb klmbw
sNtø≠XmWv.
(9) hIp∏pXe At\zjWw Bcw`n°pI, {Inan\¬ tIkv cPnÃ¿ sNøpI F∂o
Imcyßƒ kw_\v[n®v Hcp t]meokv DtZymKÿs\Xnsc AtXmdn‰n \¬Ip∂ ip]m¿i
\S∏nem°m≥ _‘s∏´h¿ _m≤yÿcmbncn°p∂XmWv.
111. sXcs™Sp°s∏´ P\{]Xn\n[nIƒ°v ]cmXnIƒ \¬Imhp∂XmWv˛ {XnXe
]©mbØv {]knU‚pam¿, \Kck`m A≤y£≥am¿, \nbak`m AwKßƒ, ]m¿esa‚ v
AwKßƒ, tIm¿∏tdj≥ tab¿am¿ F∂o P\{]Xn\n[nIƒ°v AhcpsS {i≤bn¬s∏´tXm
Bsc¶nepw AhcpsS {i≤bn¬ sIm≠ph∂tXm Bb t]meokn\v FXncmb F√mØcw
]cmXnIfpw t]meokv Iwπbn‚ vkv AtXmdn‰n°v \¬Imhp∂Xpw DNnXamb At\zjWw
\SØnbtijw êw Iwπbn‚ v AtXmdn‰n P\{]Xn\n[nsb Adnbnt°≠XpamWv.
112. Iwπbn‚ vkv AtXmdn‰nIfpsS \S]Sn XzcnXs∏SptØ≠XmsW∂v˛ (1) t]meokv
Iwπbn‚ k v v AtXmdn‰n AhbpsS ]cnKW\bv°v hcp∂ ]cmXnIfnt∑¬ kXzcamb \S]Sn
kzoIcnt°≠XmWv.
(2) Iwπbn‚ vkv AtXmdn‰nbpsS ]cnKW\bv°v hcp∂ Imcyßfn¬ AtXmdn‰n°v
tbmKysa∂v t_m≤yapff kwKXnIfn¬ C\n∏dbp∂ Imcyßƒ sNøphm≥ GXv
DtZymKÿt\mSpw Bhiys∏Smhp∂Xpw B DtZymKÿ≥ AXv \n¿Δlnt°≠XpamWv.
(F) Hcp km£nsb tNmZyw sNbvXv samgn tcJs∏SpØpI;
(_n) {]k‡amb tcJIƒ Is≠Øn ]cntim[n®v ]nSns®Sp°pI;
(kn) {]kvXpX DtZymKÿ\v A[nImctam Ignthm {]mhoWytam Dff ]cntim[\tbm
]co£Wtam \SØpI;
(Un) Hmtcm ]cmXnbptSbpw kmlNcyw ]cnKWn®v \ymbamb klmbw AtXmdn‰n°v
\¬IpI.
(3) Iwπbn‚ vkv AtXmdn‰n°v AXns‚ ]cnKW\bnepff ]cmXnbpsS apJyhnjbw
kw_‘n®v t]meokn¬ \n∂pw k¿°mcn¬ \n∂pw dnt∏m¿´v Bhiys∏Smhp∂XmWv.
(4) Iwπbn‚ vkv AtXmdn‰n \SØp∂ At\zjWhpambn _‘s∏´v t]meokv
DtZymKÿ\v sXfnhv lmPcm°p∂Xn\pw t\cn´v samgn \¬Ip∂Xn\pw DNnXhpw
{]mtbmKnIhpamb Ahkcßfn¬ km£nIsf FXn¿ hnkvXmcw \SØp∂Xn\pw Ahkcw
A\phZnt°≠XmWv.
A≤ymbw VIII
Ip‰ßfpw in£Ifpw
113. DØa hnizmkØn¬ sNbvX {]hrØnIƒ°v kwc£Ww˛ (1) Cu BIv‰v {]Imcw
HutZymKnI IyXr \n¿ΔlWØns‚ `mKambn DØahnizmkØn¬ sNbvXtXm sNøphm≥
Dt±in®tXm Bb GsXmcp ImcysØ kw_‘n®pw k¿°mcnt\m GsXmcp t]meokv
DtZymKÿt\m Cu BIv‰v {]Imcw \nban°s∏´ As√¶n¬ A[nImcs∏SpØnb Hcp
]ªnIv sk¿sh‚nt\m FXncmbn bmsXmcp hyhlmctam t{]mknIyqjt\m As√¶n¬ a‰v
\nba\S]SnItfm \ne\n¬°p∂X√.
(2) bmsXmcp tImSXnbpw k¿°mcns‚ ap≥Iqńbp≈ A\paXnbn√msX Hcp t]meokv
DtZymKÿs\Xnsc Btcm]n°s∏´Xpw Cu BIv‰n≥ Iognep≈Xpamb GsXmcp Ip‰Øn\pw
\S]SnsbSp°phm≥ ]mSp≈X√.
114. Hcp t]meokptZymKÿ≥ sNøp∂ IrXyhntem]w.˛ Hcp t]meokptZym
Kÿ\mbncns°, Bsc¶nepw,˛
(F) Cu BIv‰v {]Imcw t]meokv tk\bnse AwKßƒ°v _m[Iambn´p≈
GsX¶nepw \nbahyhÿtbm, \S]Sn{Iatam N´ßtfm dKptej\pItfm ewLn°pItbm
A\ph¿Øn°phm≥ Dt]£ ImWn°pItbm ; As√¶n¬
(_n) I¿ØhyØn¬ \n∂pw Hgn™pamdWsa∂ e£ytØmsS tcmKw \Sn®v
InS°pItbm tcmKtam ]cnt°m Ds≠∂v `mhn°pItbm kzta[bm X\n°v tZtlm]{Zhw
G¬∏n°pItbm; As√¶n¬
(kn) at‰sX¶nepw coXnbn¬ Hcp t]meokptZymKÿ\v tNcp∂X√mØ coXnbn¬
{]h¿Øn°pItbm; As√¶n¬
(Un) òcpXzØn\v A]cm[nbmIpItbm;
sNbvXm¬, Ip‰ÿm]\Ønt∑¬ aq∂pamkw hscbmImhp∂ Hcp
Imebfhnte°p≈ XSthm ]ngtbm As√¶n¬ Ch c≠pw IqSntbm \¬In
in£n°s∏tS≠XmWv.
F∂m¬ Cu hIp∏p {]Imcw Ip‰Icsa∂v IcpXmhp∂ Hcp {]hrØnsb kw_‘n®v
a‰v {Inan\¬ \S]SnIƒ FSp°msX hIp∏pXe A®S° \S]Sn am{Xw FSpØm¬ aXnsb∂v
_‘s∏´ A®S° A[nImcn°v Xocpam\n°mhp∂XmWv.
115. t]meokptZymKÿ≥ ssI°qen hmßp∂Xpw ò£Wns∏SpØn
A]lcn°p∂Xpw ˛ Hcp t]meokptZymKÿ≥, {]Xy£amtbm ]tcm£amtbm
òjWnbneqsStbm {]tem`\ØneqsStbm AbmfpsS I¿Øhyhpambn _‘s∏´v
Fs¥¶nepw ssI°qentbm, A\[nIrXamb B\pIqeytam {]Xnêtam Bhiys∏SpItbm
kzoIcn°pItbm; As√¶n¬ AXn\mbn ]cn{ian°pItbm;
sNbvXm¬, Ip‰ÿm]\Øn≥ta¬, Ggph¿jwhscbmImhp∂ Hcp Imebfhnte°v
XSthm ]{¥≠v amksØ iºfØn¬ IhnbmØ ]ngtbm As√¶n¬ Ch c≠pw IqSntbm
\¬In in£n°s∏tS≠XmWv.
116. ieyap≠m°p∂ AdÃv, ]cntim[\, ]nSns®Sp°¬, A{Iaw F∂nh ˛ Hcp
t]meokptZymKÿ\mbncns° Bsc¶nepw˛
(F) \nbam\pkrXap≈ A[nImctam ImcWtam C√msX ieyap≠m°m≥ th≠n
GsX¶nepw sIńSw, Dcp, IqSmcw As√¶n¬ ÿew Chbn¬ {]thin°pItbm
A\mhiyamb ]cntim[\ \SØpItbm AXn\v CSbm°pItbm; As√¶n¬
(_n) \nba hncp≤ambpw ieyap≠m°m≥ th≠nbpw \ymbamb ImcWw IqSmsXbpw
GsX¶nepw BfpsS hkvXp ]nSns®Sp°pItbm Hcmsf XS¶en¬ hbv°pItbm ]cntim[\
\SØpItbm AdÃv sNøpItbm; As√¶n¬
(kn) IÃUnbnep≈tXm Xs‚ I¿ØhyØn\nSbn¬ Xm≥ _‘s∏Sp∂tXm Bb
Hcmsf IcpXn°qń ]oU\Ønt\m GsX¶nepw hn[Ønep≈ a\pjyXzclnXtam
\nbahncp≤tam Bb hy‡n]camb B{IaWØnt\m KpcpXcamb Zp¿hrØnt°m
hnt[bam°pItbm; As√¶n¬
(Un) IcpXn°qńbpw AdnthmsSbpw Zpcpt±iy]cambpw, Hcp \nc]cm[nsb Hcp
{Inan\¬ Ip‰Øn¬ Dƒs∏SpØphm≥ th≠n Hcp hymP tÃ‰vsa‚ v tcJs∏SpØpItbm,
hymPtcJ D≠m°pItbm, t]meokn\pta¬ B{IaWw \S∂p F∂v hymPamb Btcm]Ww
D∂bn°pItbm; As√¶n¬
(C) Hcp t]meokptZymKÿ≥ F∂ \nebn¬ Abmƒ XSbphm≥ _m≤yÿ\mb
Hcp Ip‰IrXyw sNøp∂Xn\v IcpXn°qńbpw t\cn´pw klmbtam t{]cWtbm \¬IpItbm;
sNbvXm¬, Ip‰ÿm]\Øn≥ta¬, aq∂v h¿jw hscbmImhp∂ Hcp Imebfhnte°v
XSthm ]ngtbm As√¶n¬ Ch c≠pw IqSntbm \¬In in£n°s∏tS≠XmWv.
F∂m¬, Cu hIp∏nse bmsXm∂pw AtXImcyw X’abw {]m_eyØnep≈
at‰sX¶nepw \nbaØnse hyhÿIƒ {]Imchpw Ip‰amsW¶n¬, B Ip‰Øn\v B
\nba{]mIcap≈ in£ \¬In {]kvXpX t]meokptZymKÿs\ in£n°p∂Xn¬ \n∂pw
Hcp tImSXnsbbpw XSbp∂X√.
117. t]meokns‚ NpaXeIfn¬ CSs]Sp∂Xn\p≈ in£ ˛ Bsc¶nepw,˛
(F) t]meokv tk\bnse GsXmcwKsØbpw AbmfpsS tkh\ßsf XSbp∂Xnt\m
A®S°ewL\w \SØp∂Xnt\m t{]cn∏n°pItbm; As√¶n¬
(_n)t]meoknt‚Xmb GsX¶nepw NpaXetbm A[nImctam \nbahncp≤ambn
Gs‰Sp°pItbm ; As√¶n¬
(kn) \n¿t±mjambn hnt\mZ BhiyØns\mgnsI t]meokv DtZymKÿ\mbn
Bƒamdm´w \SØpItbm; As√¶n¬
(Un)Hcp At\zjWØntem bYmhn[nbmb t]meokns‚ IrXy\n¿ΔlWØntem
kmchØmb hnhcßfn¬ t]meokv At\zjWsØ hgnsX‰n°pI F∂ Dt±itØmsS
sX‰mb tÃ‰vsa‚ v a\x]q¿Δw Hcp t]meokv DtZymKÿ\v \¬IpItbm; As√¶n¬
(C) Hcp t]meokv DtZymKÿs\ GsX¶nepw IrXy\n¿ΔlWØn¬ \n∂pw
XSbWsa∂ {]Xy£amb Dt±itØmsS ò£Wns∏SpØpItbm XSbpItbm Itø‰w
sNøpItbm;
sNbvXm¬, Abmƒ Ip‰ÿm]\Øn≥ta¬ aq∂ph¿jw hscbmImhp∂ XSthm
]Xn\mbncw cq]bn¬ IhnbmØ ]ngtbm As√¶n¬ Ch c≠pw IqSntbm \¬In
118. KpcpXcamb {Iakam[m\ ewL\tam A]mbtam D≠m°p∂Xn\p≈
in£.˛GsX¶nepw hy‡n,˛
(F) s]mXpÿeØv elcn°Snas∏´ \nebntem elfbp≠m°p∂h\mtbm, kzbw
Xs∂ {i≤n°m≥ Ai‡\mtbm ImWs∏SpItbm;
(_n) Adn™psIm≠v t]meokns\tbm ^b¿ k¿Δokns\tbm at‰sX¶nepw
Ahiyk¿Δokns\tbm hgnsX‰n°m≥ InwhZ¥n ]cØpItbm hymPambn A]ISkqN\
\¬IpItbm;
(kn) Adn™psIm≠pw a\x]q¿Δambpw s]mXpP\ßƒ°nSbn¬ s]mXp
]cn{`m¥nbp≠m°phm\mbn Hcp Ahiy k¿Δokn\v tISv hcpØpItbm;
(Un) {]kvXmh\bmtem, A`n{]mb {]IS\Ømtem, sSet^m¨ hnfnbneqsStbm,
GsX¶nepw hn[Ønep≈ hnfnIfmtem, A\p[mh\w sNbvtXm, GsX¶nepw D]m[nbneqsS
ktμißtfm IØpItfm Abbv°pItbm sNbvXv GsX¶nepw Bfn\v Ak`yamb
coXnbn¬ AklyX D≠m°pItbm;
(C) Adn™psIm≠v s]mXpP\ßƒ°v A]mbap≠m°p∂tXm s]mXpkpc£bn¬
hogvNbp≠m°p∂tXm Bb GsX¶nepw {]hrØn sNøpItbm;
(F^v ) \nbam\pkrXw Aßs\ sNøm≥ A[nImcs∏SpØmsX kv t ^mSI
hkvXp°tfm A]ISIcamb ]Zm¿∞ßtfm ISØns°m≠pt]mIpItbm;
(Pn) Hcp Kp≠tbm duUntbm Bbncns° 2007˛se tIcf kmaqly hncp≤
{]h¿Ø\ßƒ (XSb¬) BIv‰n¬ (2007˛se 34) \n¿ΔNn® {]Imcap≈ GsX¶nepw
kmaqlyhncp≤ {]h¿Ø\w kpkm≤yam°p∂Xn\mbn kao]{]tZiØv GsX¶nepw
Ip‰IrXyØn\v D]tbmKn°m≥ D]bp‡amb kma{KnIƒ ssIhiw h®psIm≠v
kwibmkv]Zamb kmlNcyßfn¬ Hcp s]mXpÿeØv ImWs∏SpItbm;
(F®v) 73˛mw hIp∏nse hyhÿIƒ ewLn°pItbm, AXn\v hncp≤ambn ImbnI
]cnioe\w \¬IpItbm, \SØpItbm;
(sF) ]Xns\´p hb n¬ Xmsgbp≈h¿°v elcn ]Zm¿∞ßtfm IpńIfpsS
imcocnIhpw am\knIhpamb BtcmKyØn\v lm\nIcamb hkvXp°tfm ]Zm¿∞ßtfm
\¬IpItbm hn¬°pItbm AXn\mbn kvIqƒ ]cnkcØv kw`cn°pItbm;
sNbvXm¬, Abmƒ Ip‰ÿm]\Ønt∑¬ aq∂ph¿jw hscbmImhp∂ XSthm ]Xn\mbncw
cq]bn¬ IhnbmØ ]ngtbm Ch c≠pw IqSntbm \¬In in£n°s∏tS≠XmWv.
119. kv{XoIƒs°Xnscbp≈ AXn{Iaßƒ°v in£.˛(1) GsX¶nepw hy‡n,˛
(F) s]mXpÿeßfn¬ kv{XoIfpsS A¥ v l\n°p∂ XcØnep≈ ssewKnI
tNjvSItfm {]hrØnItfm sNøpItbm;
(_n) GsXmcp ÿeØph®pw kv{XoIfpsS \ymbamb kzImcyXbv°v `wKw hcpØp∂
coXnbn¬ t^mt´mtbm hoUntbmtbm FSp°pItbm {]Ncn∏n°pItbm;
sNøpIbmsW¶n¬ Abmsf Ip‰ÿm]\Øn≥ta¬ aq∂ph¿jw hscbmImhp∂
XSthm ]Xn\mbncw cq]bn¬ IhnbmØ ]ngtbm Ch c≠pw IqSntbm \¬In
(2) _‘s∏´ tkh\ZmXmhnt\mtSm, s]mXpÿeØns‚ NpaXebp≈ hy‡ntbmtSm
AhcpsS km∂n≤yØn¬ (1)˛mw D]hIp∏v {]Imcap≈ Hcp Ip‰w \S∂psh∂v {]kvXpX
Ip‰Øn\ncbmb kv{Xo ]cmXns∏SpIbmsW¶n¬ Ah¿ X’abw Ip‰IrXyw XSbphmt\m
As√¶n¬ AXns\°pdn®v _‘s∏´ A[nImcnIsf Adnbn°phmt\m \ymbamb \S]Sn
kzoIcn°msX t_m[]q¿Δw hogvN hcpØp∂Xv Ip‰Icambncn°p∂Xpw, Aßs\bp≈
Ip‰Øn\v Ip‰ÿm]\Ønt∑¬ Bbncw cq] hsc ]ng CuSmt°≠XpamWv.
120. ieyw D≠m°¬, {Iakam[m\ ewL\w F∂nhbv°p≈ in£.˛GsXmcmfpw˛
(F) Hcp s]mXpÿeØv s]mXpP\ßƒ°v AklyXtbm AkuIcytam
D≠m°ns°m≠v ^¿Wn®¿ km[\ßtfm hml\tam hrØnbm°pItbm GsX¶nepw
arKsØ Iim∏v sNøpItbm ihw hrØnbm°pItbm GsX¶nepw arKsØ
]cn]men°pItbm sNøp∂psh¶n¬;
(_n) s]mXpP\Øn\v XS tam, AkuIcytam, A]mbtam D≠m°p∂ coXnbn¬
GsX¶nepw hml\sØtbm KXmKX D]m[nsbtbm \nesIm≈m≥ ImcWamIp∂psh¶n¬;
(kn) Hcp {Sm^nIv Nn”sØtbm ssk≥ t_m¿Uns\tbm AXns‚ ZriyXsbtbm
]mcmbW£aXsbtbm Ipd®psIm≠v hnIrXam°pItbm adbv°pItbm sNøp∂psh¶n¬;
(Un) DSaÿs‚tbm kq£n∏pImcs‚tbm ap≥Iq¿ A\phmZan√msX `nØnIƒ,
sIńSß¬ As√¶n¬ a‰v \n¿ΩnXnIƒ F∂nhsb hnIrXam°p∂psh¶n¬;
(C) Pet{kmX pIfpsStbm PehnXcWsØtbm aen\am°pItbm s]mXp
ipNoIcW \S]SnIsf XS s∏SpØpItbm s]mXpÿeßƒ hrØnlo\am°pItbm
\nbahncp≤ambn ]cnÿnXn°v kmcamb tISp≠m°pItbm sNøp∂psh¶n¬;
(F^v) Hcp k¿°m¿ sIńSØntem k¿°m¿ `qanbntem AXn{Ian®pIS°p∂psh¶n¬;
(Pn) tamt´m¿ LSn∏n°mØ GsXmcp hml\hpw kqcymkvXabØn\v AcaWn°q¿
tijhpw kqtcymZbØn\v Hcp aWn°q¿ apºpw D≈ GsXmcp kabØpw Bhiyamb
shfn®an√msX HmSn®psImt≠m hen®psImt≠m X≈ns°mt≠m t]mhpIbmsW¶n¬;
(F®v) hyXnNe\Øn\v bYm¿∞amb Bhiytam X°Xmb ImcWtam C√msX
tamt´m¿ LSn∏n°mØ GsX¶nepw hml\w sXcphn¬ HmSnt®m hen®psImt≠m
X≈ns°mt≠m t]mIptºmƒ;
(i) at‰sX¶nepw hml\sØ adnIS∂p t]mIptºmƒ AXns‚ heXp `mKØneqsSbpw;
(ii) at‰sX¶nepw hml\w FXnsc hcptºmƒ sXcphns‚ CSXphiw tN¿∂pw;
t]mImXncn°p∂psh¶n¬;
(sF) hml\Øns‚tbm hml\ßfpsStbm ap∂n¬ \n∂pw As√¶n¬ ]n∂n¬
\n∂pw A©v ASn Ihn™v X≈n\n¬°p∂ GsX¶nepw km[\w sh®n´p≈ hml\tam
hml\ßtfm sXcphneqsS ISØp∂psh¶n¬;
(sP) GsX¶nepw arKsØtbm hml\sØtbm HmSn°p∂Xntem
t\m°n\SØp∂Xntem {i≤n°p∂Xntem kw`hn® GsX¶nepw DZmko\X aqetam sX‰mb
D]tbmKw aqetam Fs¥¶nepw ]cnt°m tISp]mtSm D≠mIp∂psh¶n¬;
(sI) s]mXpÿeØv a‰p≈h¿°v ieyap≠m°p∂ hn[w t_m[]q¿Δw
aeaq{Xhnk¿÷\w sNøp∂psh¶n¬;
(F¬) Xs‚ IcpXentem \nb{¥WØntem D≈Xpw Acpabmbn hf¿Øp∂Xpamb
arKßsf X°Xmbn {i≤n°mXncn°pIbpw Ab¬hmknIƒt°m s]mXpP\ßƒt°m
AkuIcyßƒ D≠m°p∂ hn[w Ahsb Ae£yambn hnSpIbpw sNøp∂psh¶n¬;
(Fw) DSaÿs‚ Adnhpw kΩXhpan√msX {]ISambn 14 hb n\v Xmsgbp≈
IpńIfn¬ \n∂pw B`cWw, hm®v, t]\, ssk°nƒ, ]m{Xw As√¶n¬ hne]nSn∏p≈ a‰v
km[\w hmßpItbm AØcw Bfn¬ \n∂pw Fs¥¶nepw km[\w ]WbØnt∑tem
CuSnt∑tem FSp°pItbm sNøp∂p F¶n¬;
(F≥) th≠{X ap≥IcpXen√msXbpw s]mXp kpc£ IW°nseSp°msXbpw
Abmƒ°v \nb{¥Wap≈ ÿetØm ]cnkctØm A]ISIcamb Fs¥¶nepw {]hrØn
sNøpItbm sNøm≥ A\phZn°pItbm sNøp∂psh¶n¬;
(H) GsX¶nepw XcØnep≈ hn\natbm]m[nbneqsS Bh¿Øn®p≈tXm
A\`naXambtXm A⁄mXambtXm Bb hnfn, IØv, FgpØv, ktμiw, C˛sabn¬ F∂nh
hgntbm ZqX≥ hgntbm kzbw GsX¶nepw Hcmfn\v ieyambn Xocp∂psh¶n¬;
(]n) GsX¶nepw s]mXpÿeØv s]mXphmbtXm kzImcyambtXm Bb GsX¶nepw
tkh\w {Ia{]Imcw sImSp°phmt\m kzoIcn°phmt\m D]tbmKn°phmt\m th≠n
cq]oIcn® GsX¶nepw Iyp sX‰n°p∂psh¶n¬;
(Iyp) am\\jvSap≠m°p∂tXm òjWns∏SpØp∂tXm Bb GsX¶nepw tcJ
cNbnXmhns‚ Xncn®dnb¬ ad®ph®v FhnsSsb¶nepw Hń®phbv°pItbm ]Xn°pItbm
sNøp∂psh¶n¬;
Ip‰ÿm]\Ønt∑¬ Hcp h¿jwhscbmImhp∂ XSthm 5,000 cq]hscbmImhp∂
]ngtbm Ch c≠pw IqSntbm \¬In in£n°s∏tS≠XmWv.
121. {]tXyIw hyhÿbn√mØ Ip‰ßƒ°p≈ in£:-˛(1) Cu BIv‰nsetbm
AXn≥Iognep≠m°nb GsX¶nepw N´ßfnsetbm DØchnsetbm hyhÿIƒ
ewLn®psIm≠v GsX¶nepw IrXytam IrXyhntem]tam sNøp∂ GsXmcmfpw
Ip‰ÿm]\Ønt∑¬ AtX Ip‰Øn\v Cu BIv‰n¬ a‰v in£ \n¿Æbn°s∏ńńs√¶n¬
6 amkØn¬ IhnbmØ XSthm 2,000 cq]hscbmImhp∂ ]ngtbm Ch c≠pwIqSntbm
\¬In in£n°s∏tS≠XmWv.
(2) Ip‰w H∂n¬ IqSpX¬ hy‡nIƒ sNbvXXmsW¶n¬ AhcntemtcmcpØcpw
shtΔsd in£n°s∏tS≠XmWv.
122. Iº\nIƒ sNøp∂ Ip‰ßƒ; ˛(1) Cu BIv‰n≥Iognep≈ Hcp Ip‰w Hcp Iº\n
sNøp∂]£w Ip‰w sNbvX kabØv Iº\nbpsS NpaXe hln®tXm Iº\nbpsS
ImcyßfpsS \SØn∏n\v DØchmZnXzw D≠mbncp∂tXm Bb Hmtcm hy‡nbpw Iº\nbpw
Ip‰Øn\v DØchmZnbmbn IcpXs∏tS≠Xpw AXn\\pkrXambn \S]SnIƒ°v
hnt[bcmtI≠Xpw in£n°s∏tS≠XpamWv.
(2) (1)˛mw D]hIp∏n¬ F¥pXs∂ ASßnbncp∂mepw, Cu BIv‰n\v Iognep≈
Hcp Ip‰w Hcp Iº\n sNøpIbpw Iº\nbpsS GsX¶nepw UbdIv S dpsStbm
amt\PcpsStbm sk{I´dnbpsStbm at‰sX¶nepw DtZymKÿs‚tbm
kΩXtØmsStbm au\m\phmZtØmsStbm BWv B Ip‰w \S∂sX∂v
sXfnbpIbpw sNøp∂]£w Iº\nbpsS Aßs\bp≈ UbdIvStdm amt\Ptcm
sk{I´dntbm at‰sX¶nepw DtZymKÿt\m IqSn B Ip‰Øn\v DØchmZnbmbn
IcpXs∏tS≠Xpw AXn\\pkcn®v Abmƒs°Xnsc \S]SnsbSpt°≠Xpw Abmƒ
in£n°s∏tS≠XpamWv.
hniZoIcWw.˛(1) Cu hIp∏ns‚ Bhiyßƒ°mbn,˛
(F) “Iº\n” F∂m¬ Hcp GImwKoIrX \nImbtam F∂¿∞am°p∂Xpw AXn¬
Hcp t^tam a‰v kwLS\Itfm hy‡nItfm Dƒs∏Sp∂XpamWv;
(_n) Hcp tâns\ kw_‘n®nStØmfw “UbdIvS¿” F∂m¬ B tânse Hcp
]¶mfn F∂¿∞amIp∂XpamWv.
123. a‰p \nbaßƒ {]Imcap≈ t{]mknIyqjs\ _m[n°p∂Xs√∂v.˛ Cu BIv‰n¬
ASßnbncn°p∂ bmsXm∂pw at‰sX¶nepw \nbaØn≥Iognepw Cu BIv‰v {]Imchpw
in£m¿lamb GsX¶nepw {]hrØn sNbvX GsXmcmsfbpw Cu BIv‰v {]Imcw
FSp°s∏Sp∂ \S]SnIƒ IqSmsX AØcw a‰p \nba{]Imcw IqSn t{]mknIyq´v
sNøs∏Sp∂Xnt\tbm As√¶n¬ at‰sX¶nepw \nbaØn≥Iogn¬ \n›bn°s∏´
]ngbvt°m in£bvt°m _m≤yÿ\mIp∂Xns\tbm XSbp∂Xmbn hymJym\n°s∏Sphm≥
]mSp≈X√.
124. \S]Sn{IaØnse {Iat°Sv kmcap≈Xs√∂v.˛\S]Sn{IaØnsetbm coXnbnsetbm
GsX¶nepw {Iat°Sns‚tbm ]niIns‚tbm ImcWØm¬ am{Xw, AØcw ]niIv
As√¶n¬ {Iat°Spaqew kmcamb tZmjtam `wKtam kw`hn°mØ]£w, Cu BIv‰v
{]Imctam Cu BIv‰n≥Iognep≠m°nb GsX¶nepw N´{]Imctam As√¶n¬ AhtbmSv
ASnÿm\]cambn s]mcpØs∏´v ]pds∏Sphn°s∏´tXm {]kn≤oIcn°s∏´tXm Bb
GsX¶nepw N´w, DØchv, \n¿t±iw, \ymb\n¿Æbw, At\zjWw, hnNmcW, hn⁄m]\w,
ssIs°m≠ \S]Sn F∂nh \nbam\pkrXas√t∂m \ne\n¬°p∂Xs√t∂m
Akm[psht∂m A]q¿Æsat∂m IcpXphm≥ ]mSp≈X√.
125. tImss·k_nƒ Ip‰ßfpw Pmayw In´mhp∂ Ip‰ßfpw.˛(1) Cu BIvSnse 116, 117,
118, 119 F∂o hIp∏pIƒ {]Imcap≈ Ip‰ßƒ tImss·k_nfpw Pmayw In´mhp∂Xpamb
Ip‰ßƒ Bbncn°p∂Xpw 115˛mw hIp∏n≥ Iognep≈ Hcp Ip‰w tImss·k_nfpw Pmayw
e`n°mØ Hcp Ip‰hpambncn°p∂XmWv.
(2) ta¬∏d™ (1)˛mw D]hIp∏nse hyhÿIfn¬ F¥pXs∂ ASßnbncp∂mepw,
Hcp t]meokv DtZymKÿ\v Hcmsf;
(F) AbmfpsS AdÃv GsX¶nepw Ip‰IrXyw XSbp∂Xnt\m XpScmXncn°p∂Xnt\m
Bhiyaps≠¶ntem; As√¶n¬
(_n) Aßs\bp≈ Bfns\ ]n∂oSv I≠pIn´m≥ km≤yXbn√msb∂v {]Xy£Øn¬
hy‡amsW¶ntem; As√¶n¬
(kn) B Bƒ kzbw As√¶n¬ as‰mcmƒ°v ]cnt°¬∏n°phm≥
km≤yXbps≠¶ntem; As√¶n¬
(Un) AdÃv Bhiyambncn°p∂ {]tXyIambXpw ASnb¥nchpamb kmlNcyßƒ
\ne\n¬°p∂ps≠¶ntem; am{Xta AdÃv sNøm≥ A[nImcap≠mbncn°pIbp≈q.
(3) Cu BIv‰v {]Imcap≈ as‰√m Ip‰ßfpw t\m¨˛tImss·k_nfpw Pmayw
e`n°p∂hbpambncn°p∂XmWv:
F∂m¬, ÿeØv lmPcp≈ Hcp t]meokv DtZymKÿ\v Xs‚ km∂n≤yØn¬ Hcp
Ip‰w XpScp∂Xv XSbphm\mbn Hcp Bfns\ Xm¬°menIambn am‰n\n¿Ømhp∂XmWv.
126. Ip‰ßƒ cmPnbm°¬.˛(1) Cu BIv‰v {]Imcap≈ F√m tImss·k_nƒ A√mØ
Ip‰ßfpw Ip‰mtcm]nXs‚ At]£bnt∑¬ tÃj≥ lukv Hmôk¿°v
cmPnbm°mhp∂XmWv.
(2) Pn√m t]meokv ta[mhn°v 117, 118, 119 (2) F∂o hIp∏pIƒ {]Imcap≈ Ip‰ßƒ,
B kwKXn tImSXn apºmsI t{]mknIyq´v sNøs∏Sm≥ X° Kuchap≈Xs√∂v At±lw
IcpXp∂]£w, Ip‰mtcm]nX≥ \¬Inb GsX¶nepw At]£bnt∑¬
cmPnbm°mhp∂XmWv;
F∂m¬, tImSXn, t]meokv Ip‰]{Xw ka¿∏n®Xn\ptijw \S]Sn XpSßnb
hnjbØn¬ Aßs\bp≈ GsXmcp cmPnbm°epw ]mSn√mØXpw AØcw kμ¿`ßfn¬
Aßs\bp≈ tImSXn apºmsI {]kvXpX Ip‰ßƒ cmPnbm°mhp∂hbpamWv.
(3) Hmtcm C\w Ip‰IrXyhpw cmPnbm°ptºmƒ CuSmt°≠p∂ tImºu≠nwKv ôkv
k¿°m¿ \n¿Æbn°p∂ {]Imcw Bbncnt°≠Xpw kwÿm\ t]meokv ta[mhn
hn⁄m]\w ]pds∏Sphn°p∂ {]Imcw tImºu≠nwKv ôkv _‘s∏´ tÃj≥ lukv
Hmôk¿ CuSmt°≠XpamWv.
(4) cmPnbm°¬ Hcp Ip‰ÿm]\ambn IW°m°m≥ ]mSn√mØXpw, F∂m¬;
GsX¶nepw \S]Sn{Iaßfn¬ ]q¿ΔIme \S∏v {]k‡ambn hcp∂nSØv ]q¿ΔIme \S∏v
sXfnbn°p∂Xn\mbn D]tbmKn°mhp∂XpamWv.
127. {Inan\¬ PÃnkv ankte\nbkv FIvkvs]≥kkv ^≠v.˛(1) kwÿm\ t]meokv
ta[mhn°v tI{μoIrXambn \SØnt∏mcp∂Xpw `cW\n¿ΔlWw \SØp∂Xpamb {Inan\¬
PÃnkv ankte\nbkv FIvkvs]≥kkv ^≠v F∂ t]cn¬ Hcp ^≠v D≠mbncnt°≠Xpw
AXn¬ \n∂pw C\n∏dbp∂ sNehpIƒ hln°mhp∂XpamWv, AXmbXv.˛
(F) NnIn’msNehv Dƒs∏sS IÃUnbnep≈hcpsS sNehpIƒ;
(_n) t]meokv DtZymKÿ\v D≠mbn´p≈ sNehpItfm t]meokv DtZymKÿ¿°v
sImSpØn´p≈ _ØItfm A√msX, {Inan\¬ Ip‰ßfpsS At\zjWw kw_‘n®v
km£nIfpsS _ØItfm sNehpIƒ Xncn®psImSp°tem Dƒs∏sS D≠mbn´p≈
sNehpIƒ;
(kn) IÃUnbn¬ kq£n®n´p≈ hkvXp°fpsS ]cn]me\hpw kq£n∏pambn
_‘s∏´ sNehpIƒ;
(Un) arXicocßƒ \o°w sNøp∂Xpambpw, ]cnt°‰h¿, A]ISßƒ°pw
Zpc¥ßƒ°pw Ccbmbh¿ F∂nh¿°v ASnb¥c klmbw \¬Ip∂Xpambpw _‘s∏´
{]h¿Ø\ßƒ°v sNehmb XpIIƒ.
(2) ^≠ns‚ `cW\n¿ΔlWw k¿°m¿ ]pds∏Sphn°p∂ DØchpIƒ°\pkrXambn
cnt°≠XmWv.
(3) Cu BIv‰v {]Imcap≈ Ip‰ßƒ cmPnbmIptºmƒ t]meokv CuSm°n tiJcn®
apgph≥ tImºu≠nwKv ôkpw AhIminIfn√mØ hkvXp°fpsSbpw \in®pt]mIp∂
hkv X p°fpsSbpw hn¬∏\bneqsS CuSm°nb F√m XpIIfpw ^≠nte°v
ASbvt°≠XmWv.
(4) sNehpIƒ°mbn ^≠n¬ th≠{X XpIbps≠∂v Dd∏phcpØp∂Xn\mbn
ImemImeßfn¬ k¿°mcn\v ^≠nte°v XpI hIbncpØmhp∂XmWv.
128. \n¿t±ißƒ \¬Ip∂Xn\v k¿°mcn\p≈ A[nImcw.˛(1) Cu BIv‰nse
ap≥]d™ hyhÿIfn¬ F¥pXs∂ ASßnbncp∂mepw, k¿°mcn\v kwÿm\ t]meokv
ta[mhn°v Cu BIv ‰ v {]Imcap≈ \S]SnIƒ°mbn \nba]camb \n¿t±ißƒ
\¬Imhp∂XmWv.
129. N´ßƒ D≠m°p∂Xn\p≈ A[nImcw.˛(1) k¿°mcn\v , Cu BIv ‰ ns‚
Bhiyßƒ \S∏nem°p∂Xnte°mbn, Kk‰v hn⁄m]\w hgn, ap≥Ime
{]m_eytØmsSmtbm ]n¬°me {]m_eytØmsStbm N´ßƒ D≠m°mhp∂XmWv.
(2) Aßs\bp≈ N´ßƒ {]tXyIn®pw ap≥]d™ A[nImcßfpsS kmam\yXbv°v
`wKwhcmsX C\n ]dbp∂ F√mtam GsX¶neptam Imcyßƒ°mbn hyhÿ
sNømhp∂XmWv, AXmbXv:˛
(F) Cu BIv‰v {]Imcw \n¿Æbn°m≥ hy‡ambn Bhiys∏´tXm A\phZn®tXm
Bb F√m kwKXnIfpw, IqSmsX
(_n) \n¿Æbnt°≠tXm \n¿Æbn°mhp∂tXm Bb as‰√m kwKXnIfpw.
(3) Cu BIv‰v {]Imcw D≠m°p∂ GsXmcp N´hpw AXp≠m°nbXn\ptijw,
Ignbp∂{XthKw, \nbak` ktΩf\Ønembncn°ptºmƒ k` apºmsI Hcp
ktΩf\Øntem XpS¿®bmb c≠v ktΩf\ßfntem hcmhp∂ BsI ]Xn\mev
Znhk°metØ°v hbvt°≠Xpw, A{]Imcw AXv GXp ktΩf\Øn¬ hbv°p∂pthm
B ktΩf\tam sXm´SpØphcp∂ ktΩf\tam Ahkm\n°p∂Xn\p ap≥]v \nbak`
{]kv X pX N´ßfn¬ Fs¥¶nepw cq]t`Zs∏SpØ¬ hcpØpItbm, B N´w
D≠mt°≠Xns√∂v Xocpam\n°pItbm sNøp∂]£w B N´Øn\v AXn\ptijw,
AXXpkwKXnt]mse, A{]Imcw cq]t`Zs∏SpØnb cq]Øn¬am{Xw {]m_eyw
D≠mbncn°pItbm, As√¶n¬ bmsXmcp {]m_eyhpan√mXncn°pItbm sNøp∂XpamIp∂p.
F∂ncp∂mepw, A{]Imcap≈ GsX¶nepw cq]t`Zs∏SpØtem d±m°tem B N´{]Imcw
ap≥]v sNbvXn´p≈ GsX¶nepw kwKXnbpsS km[pXbv°v `wKw hcmØ
hn[Ønembncnt°≠XmWv.
130. sshjayßƒ \o°w sNøp∂Xn\p≈ A[nImcw.˛(1) Cu BIv‰nse hyhÿIƒ
\S∏nem°p∂Xn¬ Fs¥¶nepw sshjayw D≠mIp∂]£w k¿°mcn\v, sshjayßƒ
\o°w sNøp∂Xn\v Cu BIv‰nse hyhÿIƒ°v hncp≤a√mØXpw Bhiysa∂v
k¿°mcn\v tXm∂p∂Xpamb GsXmcp Imcyhpw DØchpaqew sNømhp∂XmWv.
F∂m¬, Cu BIv‰v {]m_eyØn¬ h∂ XobXn apX¬ c≠ph¿jw
Ign™Xn\ptijw Aßs\bp≈ bmsXmcp DØchpw ]pds∏Sphn°m≥ ]mSp≈X√.
(2) (1)˛mw D]hIp∏n≥Iogn¬ D≠m°nb F√m DØchpIfpw, AXv
]pds∏Sphn®tijw, F{XbpwthKw, \nbak` apºmsI hbvt°≠XmWv.
131. d±m°epw Hgnhm°epw.˛(1) 1960˛se tIcfm t]meokv BI‰v (1961˛se 5) CXn\m¬
d±m°nbncn°p∂p.
(2) Aßs\ d±m°nbncp∂m¬ Xs∂bpw Aßs\ d±m°nb BIv‰n≥ Iogn¬ sNbvX
GsX¶nepw Imcytam FSpØ GsX¶nepw \S]Sntbm Bcw`n®n´p≈ Fs¥¶nepw
\S]Sn{Iatam Cu BIv‰nse {Iam\pKXamb hyhÿIƒ°v Iogn¬ sNbvXXmtbm
FSpØXmtbm Bcw`n®Xmtbm IcpXs∏tS≠XmWv:
F∂m¬, d±m°s∏´ BIv‰v {]Imcw ]pds∏Sphn®tXm D≠m°ntbm Bb GsX¶nepw
hn⁄m]\ßtfm, DØcthm, N´tam, ss_emtbm Cu BIv‰nse hyhÿIƒ°v
hncp≤amImØnStØmfw Ah {]m_eyØn¬ XpScp∂Xpw AXv Cu BIv‰n≥ Iogn¬
]pds∏Sphn®tXm D≠m°nbtXm Bb GsX¶nepw hn⁄m]\tam DØcthm, N´tam,
ss_emtbm {]Imcw AXnewLn°s∏SmØ]£w, Ah Cu BIv‰nse hyhÿIƒ {]Imcw
]pds∏Sphn®tXm D≠m°nbtXm Bbn IcpXs∏tS≠XmWv.

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2011˛se 8˛mw BIv‰v

2011˛se tIcf t]meokv BIv‰v

tIcf kwÿm\sØ t]meokv tk\bpsS cq]oIcWhpw

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