SOUTHERN STATE UNIVERSITY OF MANABI

Created by Official Registry

No. 261 of February 7, 2001
Academic Unit of Technical Sciences
Civil Engineering Career
II SEMESTER "A3"

Name: José Cruz Changoluisa Classroom: Parallel: A3 Date:

Teacher: Dr. Jaime Cañarte Ávila, Mg. Eii Area: Civil Afternoon
4B.- Book and movies (present perfect)

"PERFECT PRESENT" The "perfect present" of any verb is composed of two elements: the
appropriate form of the auxiliary verb to have (in the present) and the "past participle" of the
main verb. The form of the "past participle" of a regular verb is root + ed, for example, Played,
arrived, watched. As for the irregular verbs, consult the Table of irregular verbs in the section
'Verbs'.

Afirmativa

Sujeto to have past participle

She has visited.

Negativa

Sujeto to have + not past participle

She has not (hasn't) visited.

Interrogativa

to have sujeto past participle

Has she visited?

Interrogativa negativa

to have + not sujeto past participle

Changoluisa Choloquinga José Cruz Jaime Cañarte Ávila, Mg. Eii

050409767-6 Fecha de entrega: 11/02/2019
 SOUTHERN STATE UNIVERSITY OF MANABI
Created by Official Registry
No. 261 of February 7, 2001
Academic Unit of Technical Sciences
Civil Engineering Career
II SEMESTER "A3"

TO WALK, "PRESENT PERFECT"

Afirmativa Negativa Interrogativa

I have walked I haven't walked Have I walked?

You have walked You haven't walked. Have you walked?

He, she, it has walked He, she, hasn't walked Has he, she, it walked?

We have walked We haven't walked Have we walked?

You have walked You haven't walked Have you walked?

They have walked They haven't walked Have they walked?

FUNCTIONS OF THE "PRESENT PERFECT"

The "perfect present" is used to signal a link between the present and the past. The time in
which the action takes place is prior to the present but non-specific and, often, a greater
interest in the result than in the action itself.

Changoluisa Choloquinga José Cruz Jaime Cañarte Ávila, Mg. Eii

050409767-6 Fecha de entrega: 11/02/2019
 SOUTHERN STATE UNIVERSITY OF MANABI
Created by Official Registry
No. 261 of February 7, 2001
Academic Unit of Technical Sciences
Civil Engineering Career
II SEMESTER "A3"

THE "PRESENT PERFECT" IS USED TO DESCRIBE

An action or situation that started in the past and continues in the present. I have lived in
Bristol since 1984 (= still live there.)

An action performed during a period of time not yet completed. She has been to the cinema
twice this week (= the week is not over yet.)

A repetitive action in a temporary period is between the past and the present. We have visited
Portugal several times.

An action that has concluded in a very recent past, which is indicated by "alone". I just
finished my work.

An action for which the precise moment in which it occurred is not important. He has read
'War and peace'. (= what is relevant is the result of the action)

Changoluisa Choloquinga José Cruz Jaime Cañarte Ávila, Mg. Eii

050409767-6 Fecha de entrega: 11/02/2019