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  • Saw Tooth Wave Generator by GW Sir

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    Soumyadeep Roy
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    Ui kj hi k

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    Ui kj hi k

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
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    23 views5 pages

    Saw Tooth Wave Generator by GW Sir

    Uploaded by

    Soumyadeep Roy
    Ui kj hi k

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    of 5
    ea 7 SAWTOOTH WAVE GENERATOR taihnd isference between the wiangular and sawtooth waveforms is thal the the wianglilar wave is‘always equal to its fall time, That is, the sam mount of tim quired for the triangular wave to swing from ~ Vamp tO + Vion as front + Vian 1 ~Vromp [See Figure 8-23(b).] On the other hand, the sawtooth 382 . Active Filters and Oscillators Chap. 3 waveform has unequal rise and fall times. That is, it may rise positively many times faster than it falls negatively, or vice versa: The trianguiar wave generator “of Figure 8-23(a) can be converted into a sawtooth wave generator by injecting @ variable de voltage into the noninverting termirial'of the integrator Az. This car be accomplished by using the potentiometer and connecting it to the ++ Vec and ~ Ver as shown in Figure 8-24(a),. Depending on the R, setting, a certain de level is inserted in the output of Az, Now, suppose that the output of A, is a square wave and the potentiometer Ry is adjusted for a certain de level. ‘This means that the ~ output of A2 will be a triangular wave, riding on some de level that is a function of the Ra setting. The duty cycle of the square wave will be determined by the 40 k& (50-42 pot.) xs! | Sil oVer DI bi 10k Ra | 20k0 Veg ion “Vie Duty cycle adjust bs tus = {a) Voltage Time (ms) db) Figure 8-24 Sawtooth wave generator. (a) Circuit. Ay and A; dual op-amp: 1458/353. Dy and Dy; IN4735 with Vz = 6.2 V. ab) * Output waycform when noninverting input of Apis at some nega: tive de'level, Sec. 8-17.) © Sawtooth Wave Generator 333 8-18 LTAGE-CONTROLLED OSCILLATOR t polarity and amplitude of this de level. A duty eyele less than 309%.will then £20" the output.of Az to be a sawtooth. [See Figure 8-24(b).] With the wiper, OLR, centerof Ri, the outputof Az is a triangular wave., For any other position of Rs Wiper, the output is a sawtooth waveform, Specifically as the Rs * toward. Vix, the rise time of the sawtooth wave becomes longer, than the. lime, as shown in Figure 8-24(b). On the other hand, as the wiper: toward +Vecy the fall time, becomes longer than the tise. time. Also, the fre~ quency of the sawtooth wave decreases as R,.is adjusted toward + Vee.or 7Vex- However, the amplitude of the sawtooth wave is independent of the R4 setting. i In all the preceding oscillators, the’ frequency is determined by the RC time constant. However, there are applications, such as frequency modulation (FM); fone generators, and frequency shift keying (FSK), where the frequency’ heeds to be controlled by means of an input voltage called control voltage. This fuliction is achieved in the voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO), also called a voltage-to-fre- quency converter, A typical example is the Signetics NE/SE 566 VC), which provides simultaneous square wave and triangular wave outputs as a function of i voltage, Figure 8-25(b) is a block diagram of the 566. The frequency of oscillation is dete: mined hy an external resistor Ry, capacitor C,, and the voltage Yc applied to the control terminal 5. [See Figure 8.25(c).] The triangular wave is generated by alternately charging the external capacitor C, by one current source and then linearly discharging it by another. {See Figure 8-25(b).] The charge~ discharge levels are determined by Schmitt trigger action, The Schmitt trigger also provides the squaré wave output, Both the output Waveforms-are buffered so that the output impedance of each is $0.9. ‘The typical amplitude of the triangular wave is 2,4 V pp and that of the square wave is 5.4 V pp. Figure 8-25(c) is a typical connection diagram. In this arrangement, the Ric, combination'determines the free-running frequency, and the control voltage Ve-at terminal 5 is set by the voltage divider formed with Ry and R;. The initial voltage Ve at terminal 5 must be in the range TGV Ss Ves eV (8-31) where +¥ is the total supply voltage. ‘The modulating signal is ac coupled with the capacitor C and must be <3 V pp. The frequency of the output waveforms is approximated by A+V — Ve) ae 8. Ric V) (B-31b) where R; should be in the range 2 kQ < Ry < 20k. Fora fixed Ve and constant Cy, the frequency f, cat be varied over a 10: | frequency range by the choice of R between 2 kD and 20k. Similarly, for a constant R,C, product, the frequency f, can be modulated over a 10: 1 range by the control voltage Ve. In either case the 334 Activo Filters and Oscillators Chap. 8 Ry [:. 8.8, ~ Ground [7 Bjey as Current Sehmitt Butter fe] sources ‘tigger amplifier ne 2 7c NE/SE 566, } Ce] Squerewave veo output o]n ren Trianglewave HModetation| a output input. ane Fes oo ay ro) Ry ” We Tvoin ip Modulating a in : 3 / na : s-—o nm é c ~ NE/SEBGS 3 iacion Ves, veo ste 8 cc UL £ é te) 2UV= Ved ee ° SRG ev 5 _ : icine where H4V) SMe < 18M) : and 2kA

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