Code,

Standard &
Specification
What is Code, Standard & Specification ?
• Standard
− A standard can be defined as a set of
technical definitions and guidelines-“how
to" instructions for designers and
manufacturers.
− They serve as a common language,
defining quality and establishing safety
criteria.
− Examples- ASTM standard, ISO standard.
What is Code, Standard & Specification ?
• Why Standard is required ?
− Standards are documents that establish
engineering or technical requirements
for products, practices, methods or
operations.
− Build confidence about quality in users
− Lower the cost of production as
requirements are standardize
What is Code, Standard & Specification ?
• Code: A code is a standard that has
been adopted by one or more
governmental bodies and has the
force of law, or when it has been
incorporated into a business
contract
What is Code, Standard & Specification ?
• Only if Regulatory body in your Country
has adopted said Code as law
• If not, Code will server as generally
accepted guidelines for design,
construction and installation
• Examples- ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel
Code , AWS D1.1 etc.
What is Code, Standard & Specification ?
• Why Code is required ?
− Providing a set of rules that specify
the minimum acceptable level of
safety for manufactured, fabricated
or constructed objects.
− Also refer out to standards or
specifications for specific details on
additional requirements not
specified in the Code itself.
What is Code, Standard & Specification ?
• Specification
− a specific description of the
design and materials used to
make something.
− They are set of instructions
and/or requirements over and
above requirements given in Code
& Standard.
What is Code, Standard & Specification ?
• Specification
− Must meet requirements
− Examples- Company Provided
specification, Product
specification
What is Code, Standard & Specification ?
• Why Specification is required ?
− Specifications provide specific /
additional requirements for materials,
components or services above and
beyond code or standard requirements
− Often generated by private companies
to address additional requirements
applicable to a specific product or
application
Piping Code & Standard
• Provide a set of requirements for a safe,
reliable and economical installation and
operation throughout the life of process
plant
• Provide consistent dimensions and ratings
so that components will fit together
• Improve system reliability
• Cost saving
ASME B31.3 Process Piping Code
• Code Cover.. (Scope of ASME
B31.3 Code)
− Requirements for materials
− Components,
− Design,
− Fabrication, assembly, erection,
− Examination, inspection, and
testing of piping.
Material standard
• Material Standard cover..
− Manufacturing process
•Open hearth (OH), electro furnace (EF), basic oxygen
(BO)
•Hot/ cold drawing, forging, extruding , bending ,
piercing, rolling etc..
− Chemical and Mechanical Property of raw
material and finished product
•Carbon, Manganese, sulfur, silicon, Cr, Mo, Ni etc..
•yield, tensile strength, elongation, hardness etc..
Material standard
• Material Standard cover..
− Heat treatment requirements
•Normalizing, stress reliving, annealing, solution annealing etc..
− Mechanical testing requirements
•Tensile test, bending test, Flattening Tests, impact testing
etc..
− NDT examination, inspection and testing requirements
•Radiography, Dye/liquid penetrant or magnetic particle,
ultrasonic, visual etc..
Material standard
• Material Standard cover..
− Acceptable tolerance for imperfection
− Defect repairs
•Extent of repair, method of repair and
acceptance level
− Marking and certification requirements
•manufacturer’s name or brand, the
specification and grade, Heat no. length,
dimension etc..
Material standard for Process Piping components
• Material Standard cover..
− Supplementary requirements
•These are the requirements mentioned in purchase order and
are over and above the standard requirements as per purchasers'
need.
− General requirements
•Product finishing, ordering information, packing etc..

• Example- ASTM Section 01, Section 02 and

Section 03
Dimension standard
• Dimension Standard cover..
− Different standard for different components gives
product specific requirements
• Pipe
− Pipe sizes, inside and outside diameters, wall thickness,
schedules, permissible variance, markings and weight of
pipe
•ASME B36.10 - Welded & Seamless wrought iron pipes
•ASME B36.19 - Stainless steel pipes
Dimension standard
• Pipe Fittings
− sizes, inside and outside diameters, wall thickness,
ratings, end preparation, tolerances and marking
requirements
− Butt welded fittings;
•ASME B16.9 - Factory-Made Wrought Butt welding Fittings
•ASME B16.28 - Wrought Steel Butt Welding Short Radius Elbows
and Returns
− Socket & Threaded fittings
•ASME B16.11- Forged Steel Fittings, Socket-Welding and Threaded
Dimension standard
• Flange: Pressure-temperature ratings, materials,
dimensions, tolerances, marking and testing. Flange
bolting dimension and gasket requirements are also
included
− NPS ½ through NPS 24
•ASME B16.5 - Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings
− NPS 26 through NPS 60
− ASME B16.47 - Large Diameter Steel Flanges
Dimension standard
• Branch connection
− pressure-temperature ratings, size and types, materials,
dimensions, tolerances, marking and testing
•MSS SP-97

• Bolting
− Included in Flange dimension standard
− ASME B16.5 /B16.47
Dimension standard
• Gasket: Materials, dimensions, tolerances, and
markings for metal ring-joint gaskets, spiral-wound
metal gaskets, and metal jacketed gaskets and
type of filler material
− ASME B16.20 - Metallic Gaskets for Pipe Flanges-Ring-
Joint, Spiral-Would, and Jacketed
− ASME B16.21- Nonmetallic Flat Gaskets for Pipe Flanges
What we have learned?
• Code, Standard &
Specification
• Benefits
• Material standard
• Dimension standard
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