International Journal of Civil

INTERNATIONAL Engineering and

JOURNAL OFTechnology (IJCIET), ISSN 0976 –AND
CIVIL ENGINEERING 6308
(Print), ISSN 0976 – 6316(Online) Volume 4, Issue 2, March - April (2013), © IAEME
TECHNOLOGY (IJCIET)
ISSN 0976 – 6308 (Print)
ISSN 0976 – 6316(Online)
Volume 4, Issue 2, March - April (2013), pp. 89-95
IJCIET
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EFFECT OF COARSE AGGREGATE CHARACTERISTICS ON

STRENGTH PROPERTIES OF HIGH PERFORMANCE CONCRETE
USING MINERAL AND CHEMICAL ADMIXTURES

P.J.Patel1, Mukesh A. Patel2, Dr. H.S. Patel3

1
Research Scholar, Ganpat University, Kherava, Mehsana, Gujarat, India
2
Research Scholar, Ganpat University, Kherava, Mehsana, Gujarat, India
3
Associate Professor, Department of Applied Mechanics, L.D.C.E., Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India

ABSTRACT

Aggregate shape and grading can influence concrete workability. The volumes of
water and cementations materials are commonly increased to accommodate poorly shaped or
poorly graded aggregates. The purpose of this paper is to show that by properly selecting
aggregates and optimizing mixture proportions, the quantity of cementations materials
provided for workability can be minimized while achieving adequate workability and
hardened properties. In this research investigation of strength properties of high Performance
concrete is done by using diverse characteristics of aggregate. This paper presents results
obtained from laboratory testing of concrete incorporating varying aggregate characteristics.
For the purpose of this work, two types of coarse aggregates were used. The fine aggregate is
normal sand obtained from a locally available Preliminary laboratory investigation was
conducted to ascertain the suitability of using the aggregates for construction work. Tests
conducted include sieve analysis, bulk density, and specific gravity. IS mix design was
adopted for this work and mix compositions were calculated by absolute volume method. For
each type of coarse aggregate 25 numbers cubes (150x150x150mm) were cast to allow the
compressive strength to be monitored at. 56 days. Test result show that concrete made from
A type aggregate has higher compressive strength

Keywords: Compressive strength, effect of Aggregate, Concrete, Alccofine.

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 International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET), ISSN 0976 – 6308
(Print), ISSN 0976 – 6316(Online) Volume 4, Issue 2, March - April (2013), © IAEME

I. INTRODUCTION

Aggregate shape and grading can significantly influence concrete workability. Poorly
shaped and poorly graded aggregates typically have a lower packing density than well shaped
and well graded aggregates, resulting in more paste being required to fill the voids between
aggregates. As the excess paste volume needed to fill the voids is reduced, the flowability of
the paste must be increased to maintain a given workability level. Further, poorly shaped
aggregates exhibit increased inter particle friction, resulting in reduced workability.
Therefore, concrete mixtures with poorly shaped and poorly graded aggregates often have
higher water and cementations materials requirements than those with well shaped and well
graded aggregates to maintain the same workability. The proper selection of aggregates can
minimize the increased water and cementations materials contents needed to ensure adequate
workability.
The compressive strength of concrete depends on the water to cement ratio, degree of
compaction, ratio of cement to aggregate, bond between mortar and aggregate, and grading,
shape, strength and size of the aggregate. Concrete can be visualized as a multi-phase
composite material made up of three phases; namely the mortar, mortar/aggregate interface,
and the coarse aggregate phase. The coarse aggregate in normal concrete are mainly from
rock fragments characterised by high strength. Therefore, the aggregate interface is not a
limiting factor governing the strength requirement. The onset of failure is manifested by
crack growth in the concrete. For normal concrete the crack growth is mainly around the
cement paste or at the aggregate/cement paste interfacial zone. The strength of concrete at the
interfacial zone essentially depends on the integrity of the cement paste and the nature of the
coarse aggregate.
The effect of two different types of coarse aggregate coarse aggregate on the
mechanical properties of high-performance concrete was investigated. The outcome of the
study revealed that the strength, stiffness, and fracture energy of concrete for a given
water/cement ratio depend on the type of aggregate The effects of content and particle size
distribution of coarse aggregate on the compressive strength of concrete have been
investigated (Meddah et. al., 2010). Compressive strength, stiffness, and fracture energy of
concrete for a given water/cement ratio (W/C) depend on the type of aggregate, especially for
high-strength concrete. It is suggested that high-strength concrete with lower brittleness can
be made by selecting high-strength aggregate with low brittleness (Wu Ke Ru et. al., 2001).
The type of coarse aggregate also influences the modulus of elasticity of concrete. Weaker
aggregates tend to produce a more ductile concrete than stronger aggregates do (Beshr et. al.,
2003).
Three types of coarse aggregates were mixed in four different proportions for concrete
production. Plasticizers and Super plasticizers were used in some mixes to reduce the water
to cement ratio. The outcome of their work showed that the mixture with a ternary
combination of granular fraction with a maximum size of 25mm, without admixtures have
shown the highest compressive strength. At a lower water to cement ratio, the binary granular
system produced the highest compressive strength. This paper reports the result of a research
undertaken to investigate the effect of two different types of coarse aggregate on the
compressive strength of normal concrete.

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 International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET), ISSN 0976 – 6308
(Print), ISSN 0976 – 6316(Online) Volume 4, Issue 2, March - April (2013), © IAEME

II. MATERIALS

II.I Cement

Ordinary Portland cement-53 grade ( Ambuja Cement) available in local market was
used in investigation. The cement was tested according to IS 4031 : 1988. It confirmed to IS
12269 : 1987. Its Properties is given in Table 1.

Table 1. Properties of OPC - 53 Grade Used

SR. Properties Value As per
No. IS: 12269-1976
1 Specific gravity 3.10 3.15
2 Normal consistency 31% 30% - 35%
3 Initial setting time 36 >30
4 Final setting time 450 <600
5 Fineness (%passing 90 IS sieve) 3% <10%
6 Soundness (mm) 1.2 <10
7 Compressive strength 3 day 39 >27
7 day 40 >37
28 day 57 >53

II.II Coarse Aggregate

Two types of coarse aggregates from two different sources were used. Its Sieve
analysis is given in Figure 1. And Figure 2.and Its Properties is given in Table 2.

Figure 1. Sieve analysis for A type Coarse aggregate.

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 International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET), ISSN 0976 – 6308
(Print), ISSN 0976 – 6316(Online) Volume 4, Issue 2, March - April (2013), © IAEME

Figure 2. Sieve analysis for B type Coarse aggregate.

II.III Fine Aggregate

Natural sand as per IS: 383-1987 was used. Locally available River sand having bulk
density 1860 kg/m3 was used The properties of fine aggregate are shown in Table 2.

Table 2. Physical properties of aggregates

Aggregate type Dry density specific Surface Water Loss on
(kg/m3) gravity Moisture Absorption abrasion (%)
(%) (%)
A Type Coarse. 1727 2.9 0 2.19 22.8
B Type Coarse. 1605 2.85 0.3 3.15 30.40
Sand 2.67 (F.M.) 2.6 0.5 0.8 --

II.IV Alccofine

ALCCOFINE 1203 is a specially processed product based on slag of high glass

content with high reactivity obtained through the process of controlled granulation.
ALCCOFINE 1203 use in project conforming to ASTM C989-99. Physical & Chemical
Properties of Alccofine is given in Table 3.

Table 3. Physical & Chemical Properties of Alccofine

Specifi Particle Size Distribution

Fineness Bulk Density
c
(cm2/gm) (Kg/m3)
Gravity d10 d50 d90
>12000 2.9 700-900 1.5 micron 5 micron 9 micron
Chemical Properties:
C aO SO3 SiO2 AL2O3 Fe2O3 MgO
61-64% 2-2.4 % 21-23 % 5-5.6 % 3.8-4.4 % 0.8-1.4 %

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 International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET), ISSN 0976 – 6308
(Print), ISSN 0976 – 6316(Online) Volume 4, Issue 2, March - April (2013), © IAEME

II.V Super plasticizer

In this investigation super plasticizer- GLENIUM SKY 784 is based on second

generation polycarboxylic ether polymers, developed using Nano technology. Chemical
Admixture GLENIUM SKY 784 is conforming to IS:9103-1999. was used to improve the
workability of concrete. The properties of super plasticizer are shown in Table 4.

Table 4. Properties of super plasticizer

Parameter Specification Results
(as per IS 9103)
Physical state Light brown liquid Light brown liquid
Chemical name of Polycarboxylate Polycarboxylate
active ingredient polymers Polymers
Relative density at 25 c 1.1±0.01 1.105
ph Min 6 6.51
Chloride ion content (%) Max 0.2 0.0017
Dry material content 34±5(%) 34.14

III. EXPERIMENT WORK

Concrete cubes of 150 X 150 X 150 mm dimension were cast for compressive
strength. They were tested for compressive strength after 56 days of water curing. For This,
five specimens were tested and the mean value of these measurements is reported. Coarse
aggregate contain 10 mm and 20 mm of 40% and 60% Respectively.

Table 5: Mix proportions for different mixes (For one cubic meter of concrete)
Alccofine
Fly- Coarse
Mix W/B Cement (Kg) Sand Water
Ash Aggregate
designation ratio (Kg) (Kg) (litres)
(Kg) (Kg)
M1 0.28 406.71 111.42 39 1174 632 156
M2 0.30 379.6 104 36.4 1188 661 156
Type A
Coarse M3 0.35 327.45 89.71 31.4 1208 721 157
Aggregate M4 0.40 286.52 78.5 27.47 1230 781 157
M5 0.50 279.59 76.6 26.81 1252 841 191.5
M1 0.28 406.71 111.42 39 1182 641 156
M2 0.30 379.6 104 36.4 1193 667 156
Type B
Coarse M3 0.35 327.45 89.71 31.4 1203 736 157
Aggregate M4 0.40 286.52 78.5 27.47 1225 792 157
M5 0.50 279.59 76.6 26.81 1247 852 191.5

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 International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET), ISSN 0976 – 6308
(Print), ISSN 0976 – 6316(Online) Volume 4, Issue 2, March - April (2013), © IAEME

IV. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

The results of compressive strength were presented in Table 6. The test was carried
out conforming to IS 516-1959
1959 to obtain compressive strength of concrete at the age of 56
days. The cubes were tested using Compression Testing Machine (CTM) of capacity
2000KN. Strength is up to 28.62
28.62 N/mm2 and 62.50 N/mm2 at 56 days. The maximum
compressive strength is observed In the Type A Coarse Aggregate. There is a significant
improvement in the compressive strength of concrete because of the Physical properties of
Type A Coarse Aggregate and Compatibility.

Table 6: Compressive Strength (N/mm2) of Concrete Mixes

W/B
Type A Coarse Aggregate Type B Coarse Aggregate
ratio
0.28 62.50 55.28
0.30 54.68 50.33
0.35 49.70 46.30
0.40 44.56 42.26
0.50 32.58 28.62

Table 7: Slump Value and Slump Flow

Slump height in mm Slump flow in diameter.
Type A Type B Type A Type B
W/B
Coarse Coarse Coarse Coarse
ratio
Aggregate Aggregate Aggregate Aggregate
0.28 - - 580 577
0.30 - - 610 600
0.35 - - 650 630
0.40 90 85 - -
0.50 100 95 - -

Type A Corse Aggregate Type B Corse Aggregate

70 62.5
Compressive strength (MPa)

60 55.28 54.68
50.33 49.7
50 46.3 44.56
42.26
40 32.58
30 28.62

20
10
0
0.5 0.4 0.35 0.3 0.28
Water-Binder ratio

Fig.4: Effect of Aggregate

Ag on compressive strength

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 International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET), ISSN 0976 – 6308
(Print), ISSN 0976 – 6316(Online) Volume 4, Issue 2, March - April (2013), © IAEME

V. CONCLUSIONS

The results of the research presented in this paper confirm that aggregates can play an
important role in the cement content of concrete mixtures. Specifically, the following
conclusions can be reached:
a) Aggregate type has effect on the compressive strength of normal concrete.
b) Highest compressive strength was achieved in Type A Coarse Aggregate
compare to type B Coarse Aggregate.
From the above investigation, it can be concluded that, Poor Graded And Light
weight and Pours Aggregate give Poor compressive strength.

VI. REFERENCES

[1]. M. S. Shetty, “concrete technology”, S. Chand publication company ltd., new delhi,
2008,
[2]. Abdullahi. M, “effect of aggregate type on compressive strength of concrete”,
international journal of civil and structural engineering volume 2, no 3, 2012.
[3]. M r vyawahare,p o modani “improvement in workability and strength of concrete
with flaky and elongated aggregates” 34th conference on our world in concrete &
structures: 16 - 18 august 2009, singapore
[4]. Michael de moya hahn, marc rached, david w. Fowler, eric p. Koehler “optimization
of aggregates in concrete mixtures”
[5]. M. Yaqub*, imran bukhari, “effect of size of coarse aggregate on compressive
strength of high strength concerts” 31st conference on our world in concrete &
structures: 16 - 17 august 2006,
[6]. Ke-Ru Wu et. al. “Effect of coarse aggregate type on mechanical properties of high-
performance concrete” Cement and Concrete Research, Volume 31, Issue 10, October
2001, Pages 1421-1425
[7]. Beshr et. al.” Effect of coarse aggregate quality on the mechanical properties of high
strength concrete” Construction and Building Materials, Volume 17, Issue 2, March
2003, Pages 97-103
[8]. Sitiradziah Abdullah, Ahmad Shayan and Riadh Al-Mahaidi, “Assessing the
Mechanical Properties of Concrete Due to Alkali Silica Reaction” International
Journal of Civil Engineering & Technology (IJCIET), Volume 4, Issue 1, 2013,
pp. 190 - 204, ISSN Print: 0976 – 6308, ISSN Online: 0976 – 6316.

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