ANALYSIS OF THREE TOPICS ABOUT TOURISM 1

KARTIKA WULANDARI

Second Semester/2018030004

SAWERIGADING UNIVERSITY
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Why do people need tourism?

• Motivation meets physical needs, for refreshing the body, mind, and relating to health.

• Motivation to get to know other people's culture.

The point is we want to know culture, habbit, lifestyle, hobbies from other people or groups
of people to get new experiences. The tendency of these tourists to come from continental
Europe, happy to learn the culture of others.
The culture referred to in tourism is not always about the traditional, or ethnic, culture in the
sense that tourism is very broad, that is, all human activities are carried out consciously and
provide good results for humans themselves, starting from the human being born, or even still
inside the womb, until he dies, and is buried, starting from the man waking up, until he
returns to his bed, that is culture in the broad sense in tourism, not fixated on the traditional
one.

• Financial management. Set aside a portion of salary for travel is also an example of
financial management. Through things like this we can learn wiser to manage money.

• Gratitude for God, by going on a tour we will enjoy God's masterpiece on this earth. The
beauty of nature, the joy of diversity, and the pleasure that arises from ourselves will make us
more grateful to God. This proves that taking advantage of a trip can make us closer to the
Creator.

• Open new insights about the outside world, can get to know yourself more, know other
people and other people's characters.
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What are the multiple effects of tourism.

The broader business opportunities. Business fields that can grow to provide
sufficient tourist needs include hotels, restaurants, travel agencies, tour guides, recreation
areas, money changers,

transportation entrepreneurs, souvenir shops, shopping centers, and the formation of arts
groups. With the expansion of the business field, there will also be more opportunities for
business.

Secondly, the breadth of employment. Tourism can expand the business field, to run these
businesses needed labor. The employment created is not only directly related to tourism, but
also in other fields that are not directly related to tourism.

Third, increasing the income of the community and the government. Expenditures and costs
incurred by tourists during trips and stops such as hotels, meals and drinks, souvenirs and
transportation will increase the income of the community and the government.

And fourth, increasing the income of the community and the government. Expenditures and
costs incurred by tourists during trips and stops such as hotels, meals and drinks, souvenirs
and transportation will increase the income of the community and the government.

What are the environmental, social, cultural and economic impacts of tourism?

Environmental Impact

Tourism more often exploits the natural environment. Tourism provides advantages and
disadvantages, as follows:
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1. Water

Water gets pollution from disposal of liquid waste (detergent washing hotel linen) and
solid waste (leftovers from guests). The wastes pollute the sea, lakes and rivers. Water also
gets polus from waste oil fuel water transportation equipment such as from cruise ships. As a
result of waste disposal, the environment is contaminated, public health is disrupted, changes
and damage to water vegetation, water aesthetic value decreases (such as the color of the sea
changes from color to black) and water bodies are toxic so seafood becomes dangerous.
Tourists become unable to bathe and swim because the water in the sea, lakes and rivers is
polluted. Communities and tourists keep each other clean of the waters. To reduce water
pollution, water transportation equipment is used, namely transportation that is
environmentally friendly, such as rowing boats, kayaks and canoes.

2. Atmosphere

The trip using the transportation equipment is very comfortable and fast. However, air
transportation has the potential to damage the earth's atmosphere. The emissions results are
released in the air which causes the atmosphere to be polluted and the roar of the aircraft
engine to cause noise pollution. In addition, the air is polluted due to emissions of land
vehicles (cars, buses) and the sound of the roar of vehicle engines causing noise. Due to air
pollution and sound police, the tourist value is reduced, the experience becomes unpleasant
and gives negative effects to vegetation and animals. Eco-friendly vehicle innovations and
mass passenger air transport (such as Airbus380 aircraft with a capacity of 500 passengers)
are carried out to reduce air and noise pollution. Recommendations to reduce motorized
vehicles are also carried out and campaigns for bicycle tours are improved.

3. Beaches and islands

Beaches and islands are a tourist destination choice for tourists. However, beaches
and islands often become places that have negative impacts from tourism. Construction of
tourist facilities on the coast and islands, establishment of infrastructure (roads, electricity,
water), infrastructure development (airports, ports) affect the capacity of beaches and islands.
Coastal shores are damaged (eg mangrove clearing for the establishment of beachfront
accommodation), damage to marine reefs, loss of traditional coastal land use and coastal
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erosion are some of the consequences of tourism development. Beach and sea preservation
and conservation are options for extending beach and sea life. Declaration of marine parks
and conservation areas is an option. Tourists are also offered ecotourism activities that are
environmentally friendly. Some island managers (for example the managers of the Thousand
Islands National Park) offer eco-friendly travel packages that offer activities to plant
seagrasses and plant mangroves in the sea.

4. Mountains and wild areas

Tourists from summer regions choose to travel to the mountains to change the
atmosphere. Activities in the mountains have the potential to damage mountains and wild
areas. The opening of hiking trails, the establishment of hotels in the foothills, the
construction of gondolas (cable cars), and the construction of other facilities are some
examples of developments that have the potential to damage mountains and wild areas. The
result is landslides, soil erosion, depletion of mountain vegetation (which can be the lungs of
the community), potential for visual pollution and excessive flooding because the mountain is
unable to absorb rainwater. Reforestation (replanting trees in the mountains) and mountain
rejuvenation is done as an effort to prevent damage to mountains and wild areas.

5. Vegetation

Illegal logging, tree clearing, forest fire hazards (due to camp fires), collections of
flowers, plants and fungi for tourist needs are some of the activities that damage vegetation.
As a result, there is forest degradation (potentially land erosion), changes in plant structure
(for example trees that should bear fruit every three months change every six months, even
become fruitless), loss of rare plant species and damage to plant habitat. Vegetation
ecosystems become disturbed and unbalanced.

6. Wildlife life
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Wildlife life is an extraordinary tourist attraction. Tourists are fascinated by the patterns of
life of animals. however, tourism activities disturb the lives of these animals. The
composition of fauna is affected: animal hunting as souvenirs, harassment of wildlife for
photography, exploitation of animals for performances, reproductive disturbances of animals
(breeding), changes in animal instincts (examples of animal dragons that were previously
malignant animals being protected), animal migration (where better). The number of wild
animals is reduced, as a result when tourists visit tourist areas, it is no longer easy to find
these animals

7. Historical, cultural and religious sites.

Excessive use of tourist visits causes historical, cultural and religious sites to be easily
damaged. Density in tourist areas, alteration of the initial function of the site,
commercialization of private areas are some examples of the negative impacts of tourism
activities on the physical environment. Religious sites are visited by many tourists, which
disrupt the main function as a sacred place of worship. Cultural sites are used commercially
so they are overexploited (for example, the temple accommodates a number of tourists that
exceeds capacity). The capacity of historical, cultural and religious sites can be estimated and
controlled through visitor management as an effort to reduce damage to historical, cultural
and religious sites. Conservation efforts and preservation and renovations can be done to
extend the life of these sites.

8. Urban and rural areas

The establishment of hotels, restaurants, tourist facilities, souvenir shops and other
buildings is needed in the tourist area. Along with that development, the number of tourist
visits, the number of vehicles and the density of traffic has increased. This not only causes
pressure on the land, but also changes the function of residential land into commercial land,
traffic congestion, air pollution and aesthetic pollution (especially when buildings are built
without proper regulation). The bad impact can be overcome by conducting visitor
management and structuring the city or village area and by encouraging the community to
take a big share in development.
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Social Impact

According to the World Tourism Organization, which is ranked by Oka A Yoeti, the
influence of tourism on people's social life can be caused by three things, namely:

Polarization of the population

Local residents have been polarized, the people's income is disproportionate, most residents
want to get rich suddenly and try to hunt for dollars with shortcuts.

Breakdown of the family

With the influx of foreign tourists in turn and the occurrence of intercourse intensity between
those who serve and those who provide services, negative excesses arise to meet the
biological needs of each.

Development of the attitudes of a Consumption-Oriented Society; Incident of Phenomenon of

Social Pathalogy As a result of the development of community behavior that is oriented solely
to consumption and the influence of the society's disease, it arises; prostitution, drug
addiction, drug trafficking. Drunkenness and non-compliance with applicable laws.

However, the positive aspects of tourism are quite a lot. This can be seen in the field such as
the following:

1. Social structure

As a result of tourism development, it happened:

o Transactions of employment from the agricultural sector to the service sector.

o Modernization in agricultural methods and sale of crops.

o Equitable distribution of people's income on DTW visited by tourists.

o Decreasing differences in education and business or employment opportunities.

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2. Family modernization

Women gaining new status from traditional farmers turned into peddlers, souvenir shop
owners, restaurants or worked on hotel crafts and employees.

Looseness of parental treatment of children from strict discipline becomes children who are
free to choose according to what they aspire to Increased knowledge in the community

The occurrence of changes in behavior towards a positive, especially in etiquette and ways of
communicating among others.

Can eliminate negative prejudices against other ethnicities.

Cultural Impact

The problem about the impact of tourism on socio-culture has been more likely to
assume that there will be socio-cultural changes due to the arrival of tourists, with three
common assumptions, namely: (Martin, 1998: 171):

a. change is brought about as a result of external intrusion, generally from a superordinate

socio-cultural system to a weaker recipient culture;

b. these changes are generally destructive to indigenous cultures;

c. Such changes will lead to cultural homogenisation, where local ethnic identity will be
immersed in the shadow of industrial systems with western technology, national and
multinational bureaucracies, a consumer-oriented economy, and jet-age lifestyle.

According to the above opinion it implies that in looking at the impact of tourism on the
socio-cultural aspects of the local community, tourism is merely seen as an outside factor that
will definitely change the social culture in the local community.

In a change caused by tourism theoretically, Cohen (1984) groups the impact of

tourism on socio-culture into ten major groups, namely:
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a. the impact on the linkages and involvement between local communities and the wider
community, including their level of autonomy or dependence;

b. the impact on interpersonal relationships between community members;

c. impact on the fundamentals of social organization / institutions;

d. the impact on migration to and from tourism areas;

e. impact on the rhythm of social life of the community;

f. the impact on the pattern of division of labor;

g. the impact on stratification and social mobility;

h. the impact on the distribution of influence and power;

i. the impact on increasing social deviations; and

j. the impact on the arts and customs.

Economic Impact.

Often the tourism benefits of a developed country are higher than developing countries.
Whereas developing countries need more income, employment, and increased living
standards through tourism. Based on this fact, various reasons have arisen, among others,
because of the massive transfer of tourism income from the host country, then less attention to
business and domestic products.

Positive Impact

1. Open employment opportunities for local residents in the tourism sector such as: tour
guides, waiters, bell boys, and others.

2. The establishment of better facilities and infrastructure for the convenience of tourists who
can also be directly and indirectly used by local residents. Such as: recreation areas, malls,
and others.
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3. Obtain foreign exchange (national balance payment) through foreign exchange (foreign
exchange).

4. Encouraging someone to be entrepreneurial / entrepreneurial, for example: craft traders,

surfboard rentals, food ingredients and flower suppliers to hotels, and others.

5. Increasing people's income and also government revenue.

6. Providing economic benefits to hotels and restaurants. For example, tourists who go on
tours with their families need large rooms and more food. Indirect economic impacts can be
felt by traders in the market because the demand for goods / foodstuffs will increase.

Negative impact

1. The danger of very deep dependence on tourism.

2. Increasing inflation and selling prices of land become expensive.

3. Increasing imports of goods from abroad, especially modern technological tools used to
provide quality services to tourists as well as maintenance costs for existing facilities.

In conclusion, tourism can be motivated to meet physical needs, to refresh the body, mind,
and connect with our health. Tourism can open up our new insights about the outside world,
can get to know ourselves more, know other people and other people's characters. Gratitude
for God, enjoy God's masterpiece on this earth. The beauty of nature, the pleasure of
diversity.

Tourism is also an activity that can spur the emergence of other activities. Based on this
theory, it can be explained that the tourism industry will move other industries as supporters.
The main components of the tourism industry are tourist attractions in the form of tourist
destinations and attractions, hotels, restaurants and local transportation. While the supporting
components include industries in the fields of transportation, food and beverage, banking, or
even manufacturing. Everything can be driven from the tourism industry.
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Reference

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