LIST OF GROUP MEMBERS

NO MATRIX NO. NAME NRIC

INTRODUCTION

10 BPP2019-0660 EQMAL ASHRAFF DYLLAN 980714125363

15 BPP2019-0665 HAMZI BIN TASIP @ JUNAH 980113126029

9 BPP2019-0659 ELVYLYNE MAJINO 970131125880

19 BPP2019-0669 MALBUJA BIN MADUSA 940423126079

HAZARD IDENTIFICATION

5 BPP2019-0655 DEBORA PHILLIP @ PHILIP 960529126796

6 BPP2019-0656 ELEAZER APIN 970604125144

7 BPP2019-0657 ELLVEN FENDY ALPHONSOS 990505055927

AHMAD QUSHAIREE HAFIZI BIN

1 BPP2019-0651 970811126641
AHMAD YUSSOF

2 BPP2019-0652 AKHIMULLAH BIN MOHD JAINI@ABAH 950218126415

ACT COMPLIANCE

22 BPP2019-0672 MOHD EZAM BIN TAJUDIN 000424121579

3 BPP2019-0653 ALVENNDO BAGGIO JEDD DOMINIC 960422125443

16 BPP2019-0666 JAMIL BIN ANUAR 960515126381

4 BPP2019-0654 CHAZIRA BINTI MEZLIN 981026126404

17 BPP2019-0667 KHAVIVINOE JOAL @ JECKLEY 990723126009

RECOMMENDATION

18 BPP2019-0668 MACLOUDE JUNIOR ALBERT 960716125123

14 BPP2019-0664 GENNYSIUS JURI 950829126107

24 BPP2019-0674 MOHD NAZRUL NIZAM BIN ROBERT 980915126119

20 BPP2019-0670 MARVIN ALVIN MAJUNTIN 970327125401

11 BPP2019-0661 ESCAA JENIFFER RASILEE 990620125652

CONCLUSION

12 BPP2019-0662 FITRI AYUNINGSIH BINTI ROSLEE 991228126268

8 BPP2019-0658 ELVIN CARLVIN DERINSIM 981106125727

13 BPP2019-0663 FRANCIS ZACCARY TINUN 991017129135

23 BPP2019-0673 MOHD HIZAM BIN JAMAN 000105120851

21 BPP2019-0671 MOHAMMADKAHIDRAL BIN JAIDAL 001103120799

TABLE OF CONTENT

NO. CONTENTS PAGE

01 INTRODUCTION 1

02 HAZARD IDENTIFICATION 2-5

03 ACT COMPLIANCES 6

04 RECCOMENDATION 7-8

05 CONCLUSION 8-9

06 REFERENCES 10
INTRODUCTION

Environmental Impact Assessment or EIA can be defined as the study to predict

the effect of a proposed activity/project on the environment. A decision making tool,
EIA compares various alternatives for a project and seeks to identify the one which
represents the best combination of economic environmental costs and benefits.

EIA essentially a planning mechanism for preventing environmental problems

due to a action. It ensures that the potential problems are foreseen and addressed at an
early stage in the project planning and design. EIA can also be defined as a process of
collecting information about environmental impacts of a proposed project and
consequent relevant decision-making.

EIA systematically examines both beneficial and adverse consequences of the

project and ensures that these effects are taken into account during project design. It
helps to identify possible environmental effects of the proposed project, proposes
measures to mitigate adverse effects and predicts whether there will be significant
adverse environmental effects, even after the mitigation is implemented. By
considering environmental effects and mitigation early in the assessment has many
benefits, such as protection of environment, optimum utilization of resources and
saves overall time and cost of the project. Properly conducted EIA also lessens
conflicts by promoting community participation, informs decision makers, and helps
lay the base for environmentally sound projects. Benefits of integrating EIA have
been observed in all stages of a project, from exploration and planning, through
construction, operations, decommissioning, and beyond site closure.

The Occupational Safety and Health Act 1994 or Act 514 provides the legislative
framework for the safety, health and welfare among all Malaysians workforces. The
principle is to prevent and protect the workers against hazards and its risks in
connection with their activities at work. It requires all companies to establish and
document:

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1. Safety and health policy

2. Duties of the employer, employees and the safety and health officers.

3. The safety and health committee of companies, and

4. Occupational safety and health inspections and officers.

HAZARD IDENTIFICATION MEANING

Hazard identification is part of the process used to evaluate if any particular

situation, item, thing, and many more that may have the potential to cause harm. The
term often used to describe the full process is risk assessment:

- Identify hazards and risk factors that have the potential to cause harm
(hazard identification).

- Analyze and evaluate the risk associated with that hazard (risk analysis,
and risk evaluation).

- Determine appropriate ways to eliminate the hazard, or control the risk

when the hazard cannot be eliminated (risk control).

Overall, the goal of hazard identification is to find and record possible hazards
that may be present in your workplace. It may help to work as a team and include both
people familiar with the work area, as well as people who are not – this way you have
both the experienced and fresh eye to conduct the inspection.

CHARACTERISTIC OF HAZARD IDENTIFICATION

A hazard is a process, phenomenon or human activity that may cause loss of life,
injury or other health impacts, property damage, social and economic disruption or
environmental degradation. Hazards may be natural, anthropogenic or socionatural in
origin (UNISDR, 2016).

Natural (or physical) events are only termed hazards when they have the potential
to harm people or cause property damage, social and economic disruption. The

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location of natural hazards primarily depends on natural processes, including the
movement of tectonic plates, the influence of weather systems, and the existence of
waterways and slopes (e.g. that might generate landslides). But processes such as
urbanization, environmental degradation and climate change can also influence the
location, occurrence (frequency) and intensity of natural hazards (UNISDR, 2011).
These processes are known as risk drivers.

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 The classification schemes for hazards vary across different research institutions
and governments, but these can be divided into (UNSIDR, 2017);

Biological hazards are of organic origin or conveyed by biological vectors,

including pathogenic microorganisms, toxins and bioactive substances. Examples are
bacteria, viruses or parasites, as well as venomous wildlife and insects, poisonous
plants and mosquitoes carrying disease-causing agents.

Environmental hazards may include chemical, natural and biological hazards.

They can be created by environmental degradation or physical or chemical pollution
in the air, water and soil. However, many of the processes and phenomena that fall
into this category may be termed drivers of hazard and risk rather than hazards in
themselves, such as soil degradation, deforestation, loss of biodiversity, salinization
and sea-level rise.

Geological or geophysical hazards originate from internal earth processes.

Examples are earthquakes, volcanic activity and emissions, and related geophysical
processes such as mass movements, landslides, rockslides, surface collapses and
debris or mud flows. Hydrometeorological factors are important contributors to some
of these processes. Tsunamis are difficult to categorize: although they are triggered by
undersea earthquakes and other geological events, they essentially become an oceanic
process that is manifested as a coastal water-related hazard.

Hydrometeorological hazards are of atmospheric, hydrological or oceanographic

origin. Examples are tropical cyclones (also known as typhoons and hurricanes);
floods, including flash floods; drought; heatwaves and cold spells; and coastal storm
surges. Hydrometeorological conditions may also be a factor in other hazards such as
landslides, wildland fires, locust plagues, epidemics and in the transport and dispersal
of toxic substances and volcanic eruption material.

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5
 Technological hazards originate from technological or industrial conditions,
dangerous procedures, infrastructure failures or specific human activities. Examples
include industrial pollution, nuclear radiation, toxic wastes, dam failures, transport
accidents, factory explosions, fires and chemical spills. Technological hazards also
may arise directly as a result of the impacts of a natural hazard event.

Each hazard often triggers a sub-set of hazards, for instance tropical cyclones
(known as hurricanes in the Atlantic Ocean, cyclones in the Indian Ocean and
typhoons in the Northern Pacific Ocean) can bring intense winds, storm surge and
heavy rainfall, as well as trigger secondary hazards, for instance landslides. A series
of triggering relationships can cause a domino or cascading effect, for instance in the
case of the tsunami-earthquake-nuclear crisis in Japan, 2011.

EXAMPLE OF HAZARD IDENTIFICATION

1. Physical

Examples of hazards: noisy, inconsistent temperatures.

Cause:

 Noise from college infrastructure repair disrupts the learning session.

 The inappropriate room temperature is too cold or too hot to make the classroom
environment conducive.

 There are noisy coaches at night in the dormitories that bother other coaches who
want to sleep or study.

2. Psychological

Examples of hazards: stress and violence

Causes:

6
 The stress experienced during college because of school, poor health and personal
problems that can disrupt a coach's emotions.

 violence in hostels such as bullying or fighting and vandalism.

7
3. Biological

Examples of hazards: cholera and diarrhea

Cause: food is contaminated and does not wash hands before eating.

4. Ergonomic

Example hazard: risk of fire

Cause: The narrow staircase makes it difficult to run in the event of a fire and expired
fire extinguisher

5. Safety

Example hazard: risk of accidental falls

Cause: The floor of the toilet is slippery, the hole in the toilet is the only one causing
the water to stagnate

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ACT COMPLIANCE

Based on the roughly described hazard identification, there is on major act that
played an important role in terms of the prohibition of hazardious item or event from
occuring and the punishment await those who caused them which is the
ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY ACT 1974. It is an Act relating to the prevention,
abatement, control of pollution and enhancement of the environment, and for
purposes connected therewith.

Specifically, in this research of ergonomics among hostel populations, Laws of

Malaysia ACT 127 need to be emphasized in order to keep an environmentally
condusive hostel. This act consist of two parts which is restriction on noise pollution
and restriction on pollution of soil.

Restriction on noise pollution implies that no person shall, unless licensed, emit
or cause or permit to be emitted any noise greater in volume, intensity or quality in
contravention of the acceptable conditions. Failure to do so would causes any person
who contravenes to be guilty of an offence and shall be liable to a fine not exceeding
one hundred thousand ringgit or to imprisonment for a period not exceeding five years
or to both and to a further fine not exceeding five hundred ringgit a day for every day
that the offence is continued after a notice by the Director General requiring him to
cease the act specified therein has been served upon him.

While the restriction on pollution of soil was intended to stop any individual,
unless licensed, pollute or cause or permit to be polluted any soil or surface of any
land in contravention of the acceptable conditions. A person shall be considered to
pollute any soil or surface of any land if he places in or on any soil or in any place
where it may gain access to any soil any matter whether liquid, solid or gaseous.

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RECOMMENDATIONS

A hostel plays an important role in a student’s college life. Based on our own
college experience, we have come across many uncomfortable features that exist in
hostel rooms. For instance, absence of certain desirable features in the hostel room
design like proper lighting will take away the reading habits of some students, and
hamper the health of eyes of others.

The definition of ergonomic is to study the design of furniture or equipment and the
way this affects people's ability to work effectively. Therefore, we will be discussing
about ergonomics recommendations in hostel based on students’ psychological,
biological, safety, physical and ergonomic factors.

Psychological

1. Ensuring the outer and inner environment of hostels are well-maintained because
bad environment affects the psychological level of students.

2. Conducting an ice-breaking session in hostels so that students may recognize others

and this helps in preventing bully and having a harmony condition in hostels.

3. Ensuring that students do not make loud noises during the night to prevent from
disturbing the other students.

Biological

1. Checking the quality of foods taken from the dining hall are well-cooked to prevent
from having diarrhoea.

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2. Getting rid of water reservoir to prevent the growth of harmful vectors such as
mosquitoes and flies.

3. Checking the condition of water filter machine to ensure the quality of drinking
water source.

Safety

1. Ensuring that there are no leakages in water pipes to prevent from flood

2. Installing safety grills on windows and corridors to prioritize the safety of students

3. Maintaining the functionality of electrical equipment such as fan and switches

11
Physical

1. Building a roof walkway for students to prevent from damage and fatal accidents

2. Installing broad staircases to avoid students from falling

3. Maintaining the stability of hostel’s infrastructures

Ergonomics

1. Making sure that beds, desks and chairs measurements suit the size of students

2. Adequate table lighting should be provided to avoid glare and eye strain.

3. The work surface of students should be non-reflective

CONCLUSION

Ergonomic involves designing workplace and work tools to be used easily,

efficiently and effectively. Back to the main topic, ergonomic education is one way to
help students to reduce their risks of developing musculoskeletal injury at the hostels,
classrooms and environments. Most students do not concerned when they cannot
use their body parts. But they should know that it is important to use their body parts
so they can use it more often. People nowadays did not unaware of ways to prevent
injury, so that ergonomics introduce methods that will help reduce those injuries. It is
so important to apply the ergonomics standards to keep a healthy life. We spend a lot
of time at hostels, classes, studying and many more, so that ergonomic is a relative
new field of study, which it is acquiring relevance worldwide. It is not only apply by
companies, but institutes and colleges also applying ergonomics policies. As a student,
we should be able to think on how we supposes to study, about our postures and
habits during in the hostels or classrooms. It’s always a good time to learn and
improve our knowledge and aware about it.

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 Musculoskeletal disorders of the low back and upper extremities are an important
national health problem. These disorders impose an substantial education burden
among students for example, cost lost wages and productivity. Number of
characteristics of the individual appear to affect vulnerability to work-related
musculoskeletal disorders, including increasing age, gender, body mass index (BMI),
and a number of individual psychosocial factors. These factors are important as
contributing to and modifying influences in the development of pain and disability
and in the transition from acute to chronic pain. Instead of musculoskeletal disorders,
there are also gastrointestinal infection such as diarrhoea so that is important to check
the quality of foods taken are well cooked to prevent them. It is also important to
make sure the that beds, desks and chairs are in good condition so that students are
encouraged to be more productivity.

Last but not least, ergonomics helps student to be more comfortable during in the
hostels and when having classes, reducing stress and injury caused by incorrect
posture. To conclude all that, we, as students need to apply ergonomics because it
gives a big influence in our life. Becoming a good users also allow us to prevent
ourselves from having bad effect to our body such as musculoskeletal disorder (MSD),
having back pain and many more. So we need to apply ergonomic that leads us to
have a healthy life.

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REFERENCES

Environmental Law Alliance Worldwide (2019). Legal Framework of EIA : Malaysia.

Retrieved from https://www.elaw.org/eialaw/malaysia

Commissioner of Law Revision Malaysia (2006). Malaysian Legislation :

Environmental Quality Act 1974. Percetakan Nasional Malaysia Bhd.

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