Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Sistem Saraf
Serebellum
Saraf kranial
Susunan saraf somatik
Saaraf Spinalis
SST
Susunan saraf simpatis
Susunan saraf otonom
Susunan saraf
parasimpatis
Otak
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WHAT ARE NERVE CELLS?
Neurons are similar to other cells in the body
Surrounded by cell membrane
Have a nucleus that contains genes
Contain cytoplasm, mitochondria and other organelles
Carry out basic cellular processes such as protein synthesis
and ATP production
Neurons
Specialized extensions called dendrites and axons
Communicate with each other by electrochemical process
Contain some specialized structures (synapses) and
chemicals (neurotransmitters)
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NERVOUS TISSUE CELLS
A. Neurons:
respond to stimuli
and conduct nerve
impulses
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NEURON COMPOSITION
Most neurons consist of a cell
body and extensions called
dendrites and axons.
Cell Body: contains the nucleus
Nucleus:
Dendrites: carry impulses towards cell
body
Axon: carry impulses away from the cell
body
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NERVOUS TISSUE CELLS
B. Glial Cells:
support and
protect neurons
(maintenance)
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Sel-sel Glial- Sistem Saraf Tepi
A. Satellite Cells:
surround neuron cell
bodies in spinal ganglia
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Sistem Saraf Pusat
Medula spinalis
menyalurkan informasi
dari dan ke otak
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Cerebrum
PUSAT
PELIHATAN
Metabolism
▪ Appetites (thirst, hunger)
▪ Pleasure & Pain
▪ Regulate sleep/wake cycles
Epithalamus
▪ Pineal body (endocrine
system)
▪ Choroid plexus (cerebrospinal
fluid)
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Brain Stem
Areas
Midbrain
(mesencephalon)
▪Convey impulses
Pons
▪Controls breathing
Medulla Oblongata
▪Heart rate, Blood
Pressure, Swallowing,
Vomiting, etc.
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Talamus
Disebut sebagai pintu
gerbang ke korteks
serebral . Seluruh input
sensorik melalui ini
HIPOTALAMUS
Terletak dibawah talamus di
pucuk brainstem. Fungsi
mengontrol bbrp fungsi kritis
tubuh, seperti
• Kontrol sistem otonom
• Pusat respons emosi dan perilaku
• Mengatur temperatur tubuh
• Mengatur intake makanan
• Mengatur keseimbangan cairan dan Hipotalamus
bewarna biru,
haus
• Mengontrol siklus bangun tidur
Kel hipofisis meluas
dari hipotalamus
. Mengontrol sistem endokrrin
BRAINSTEM
Midbrain
Pons
Medulla Oblongata
PONS
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Protection of Brain
Meninges
dura mater
arachnoid mater
pia mater
Cerebrospinal Fluid
Eliminate waste
Blood-Brain Barrier
Least-permeable
membrane in body
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VENTRIKEL OTAK
A. Vertebralis :
A. Cerebri Posterior
Hemianopsia homonim kontralateral dan sisi lesi
Hemiparesis kontralateral
Hilangnya rasa sakit, suhu, sensorik propioseptif (termasuk rasa getar)
kontralateral (hemianestesia).
A. Cerebri Posterior inferior
Sindrom Wallenberg
Sindrom Horner sesisi dengan lesi.
Disfagia, apabila infark di nukleus ambigus ipsilateral.
Nistagmus, jika terjadi infark di nukleus vestibularis.
Hemihipestesia alterans.
Gangguan sensorik dan Koordinasi
Gangguan kesadaran
Spinal Cord
Continuation of Brain
Stem
Cervical
Thoracic
Lumbar
Sacral
Coccygeal
Ends between L1 & L2
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Medula Spinalis
Spinal Cord
Gray Matter
Posterior Horns (dorsal)
Anterior Horns (ventral)
CSF
Central Canal
Protection
Vertebrae
Dura mater
Arachnoid
Piamater
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Sistem Saraf Perifer/Tepi
SST
menghantarkan impuls
kepada target organ dan
otot-otot (eferen)
Membawa informasi
sensorik ke otak (aferen)
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Sistem Saraf Tepi
PNS 2 divisions:
Somatic –> control skeletal muscle, bones, skin
that a person can control
Sensory neurons which relay info about environment
to CNS
Motor neurons which initiate appropriate response
sensory & motor neurons
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Saraf Kranialis
PURELY SENSORY (AFFERENT)
CN I
CN II
CN VIII
PURELY MOTOR (EFFERENT)
CN III
CN IV
CN VI
CN XI
CN XII
MIXED (BOTH) SENSORY & MOTOR
CN V
CN VII
CN IX
CN X
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Sistem Saraf Otonom
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Definisi
Nervus (Nervi= bentuk jamak): kumpulan
akson yang terletak di luar sistem saraf pusat
Traktus: kumpulan akson yang terletak di
dalam sistem saraf pusat
Nucleus : kumpulan badan sel di dalam
sistem saraf pusat
Ganglion (ganglia= bentuk jamak): kumpulan
badan sel di luar sistem saraf pusat
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Pemeriksaan Neurologi
LBM 1 :
Pemeriksaan Motorik: gerakan, kekuatan, tonus,
trofi, refleks fisiologis
LBM 2 :
Pemeriksaan Motorik: Refleks Patologis
Px. Rangsang meningeal
Anamnesa: Kasus nyeri kepala
LBM 3 :
Px. Sensorik
Px. Nervi Kranialis
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LBM 4 :
Px. Penderita dengan penurunan kesadaran
Px. Koordinasi dan gait
LBM 5 :
Integrated Patient Management
Px. Nyeri Pinggang
Px. Sensorik (ulangan)
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Terima Kasih
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